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Chen S, Luo R, Zhao ZJ, Pei C, Xu Y, Lu Z, Zhao C, Song H, Gong J. Concerted oxygen diffusion across heterogeneous oxide interfaces for intensified propane dehydrogenation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2620. [PMID: 37147344 PMCID: PMC10163216 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38284-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Propane dehydrogenation (PDH) is an industrial technology for direct propylene production which has received extensive attention in recent years. Nevertheless, existing non-oxidative dehydrogenation technologies still suffer from the thermodynamic equilibrium limitations and severe coking. Here, we develop the intensified propane dehydrogenation to propylene by the chemical looping engineering on nanoscale core-shell redox catalysts. The core-shell redox catalyst combines dehydrogenation catalyst and solid oxygen carrier at one particle, preferably compose of two to three atomic layer-type vanadia coating ceria nanodomains. The highest 93.5% propylene selectivity is obtained, sustaining 43.6% propylene yield under 300 long-term dehydrogenation-oxidation cycles, which outperforms an analog of industrially relevant K-CrOx/Al2O3 catalysts and exhibits 45% energy savings in the scale-up of chemical looping scheme. Combining in situ spectroscopies, kinetics, and theoretical calculation, an intrinsically dynamic lattice oxygen "donator-acceptor" process is proposed that O2- generated from the ceria oxygen carrier is boosted to diffuse and transfer to vanadia dehydrogenation sites via a concerted hopping pathway at the interface, stabilizing surface vanadia with moderate oxygen coverage at pseudo steady state for selective dehydrogenation without significant overoxidation or cracking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Chen
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemical Science & Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
| | - Ran Luo
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemical Science & Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
| | - Zhi-Jian Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemical Science & Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Chunlei Pei
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemical Science & Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yiyi Xu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemical Science & Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhenpu Lu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemical Science & Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Chengjie Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemical Science & Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Hongbo Song
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemical Science & Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jinlong Gong
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemical Science & Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China.
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China.
- National Industry-Education Platform of Energy Storage, Tianjin, 300350, China.
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2
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Feng F, Zhang H, Chu S, Zhang Q, Wang C, Wang G, Wang F, Bing L, Han D. Recent progress on the traditional and emerging catalysts for propane dehydrogenation. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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3
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Li Y, Yu X, Zhang Q, Kondratenko VA, Wang Y, Cui G, Zhou M, Xu C, Kondratenko EV, Jiang G. The nature of VOx structures in HMS supported vanadium catalysts for non-oxidative propane dehydrogenation. J Catal 2022; 413:658-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2022.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Yang F, Zhang J, Shi Z, Chen J, Wang G, He J, Zhao J, Zhuo R, Wang R. Advanced design and development of catalysts in propane dehydrogenation. Nanoscale 2022; 14:9963-9988. [PMID: 35815671 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr02208g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Propane dehydrogenation (PDH) is an industrial technology for direct propylene production, which has received extensive attention and realized large-scale application. At present, the commercial Pt/Cr-based catalysts suffer from fast deactivation and inferior stability resulting from active species sintering and coke depositing. To overcome the above problems, several strategies such as the modification of the support and the introduction of additives have been proposed to strengthen the catalytic performance and prolong the robust stability of Pt/Cr-based catalysts. This review firstly gives a brief description of the development of PDH and PDH catalysts. Then, the advanced research progress of supported noble metals and non-noble metals together with metal-free materials for PDH is systematically summarized along with the material design and active origin as well as the existing problems in the development of PDH catalysts. Furthermore, the review also emphasizes advanced synthetic strategies based on novel design of PDH catalysts with improved dehydrogenation activity and stability. Finally, the future challenges and directions of PDH catalysts are provided for the development of their further industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuwen Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Zongbo Shi
- REZEL Catalysts Corporation, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Jinwei Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Alternative Energy Materials & Devices, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Gang Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Junjie He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Junyu Zhao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | | | - Ruilin Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Alternative Energy Materials & Devices, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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Redkina A, Konovalova N, Kravchenko N, Strelko V. Influence of the Porous Structure of V2O5-ZrO2-SiO2 Catalyst on Reaction of Propane Dehydrogenation. ChChT 2022. [DOI: 10.23939/chcht16.02.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A spherically granular, amorphous, mesoporous catalyst was obtained by supporting V2O5 on synthesized by direct sol-gel method of ZrO2-SiO2 hydrogel and was identified by SEM, XRD and N2 adsorption / desorption. It is shown that its hydrothermal and alcohol treatment increases the specific surface, volume and width of pores and leads to an increase in the yield of propylene in the reaction of propane dehydrogenation and decreases the temperature of reaching its high values.
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Shan YL, Sun HL, Zhao SL, Tang PL, Zhao WT, Ding JW, Yu WL, Li LN, Feng X, Chen D. Effects of Support and CO 2 on the Performances of Vanadium Oxide-Based Catalysts in Propane Dehydrogenation. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ling Shan
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Huai-Lu Sun
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Shi-Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Pei-Long Tang
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Wen-Ting Zhao
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Jun-Wei Ding
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Wen-Long Yu
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Li-Na Li
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Xiang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - De Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim N-7491, Norway
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7
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Bai P, Yang M, Chen X, Liu Y, Yang W, Zhao L, Wu P, Wang C, Mintova S, Yan Z. Modulation of surface chemistry by boron modification to achieve a superior VOX/Al2O3 catalyst in propane dehydrogenation. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2022.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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8
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Chen W, You K, Wei Y, Zhao F, Chen Z, Wu J, Ai Q, Luo H. Highly Dispersed Low-Polymeric VO x/Silica Gel Catalyst for Efficient Catalytic Dehydrogenation of Propane to Propylene. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c03935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenkai Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kuiyi You
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, People’s Republic of China
- National & Local United Engineering Research Center for Chemical Process Simulation and Intensification, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanan Wei
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenpan Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiuhong Ai
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, People’s Republic of China
- National & Local United Engineering Research Center for Chemical Process Simulation and Intensification, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, People’s Republic of China
| | - He’an Luo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, People’s Republic of China
- National & Local United Engineering Research Center for Chemical Process Simulation and Intensification, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, People’s Republic of China
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Papulovskiy E, Shubin AA, Lapina OB. Investigation of vanadia-alumina catalysts with solid-state NMR spectroscopy and DFT. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:19352-19363. [PMID: 34524321 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03297f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, isolated surface sites of vanadium oxide on the alumina surface were modeled and compared to experimental data obtained with 51V Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (SSNMR) spectroscopy. The geometry of the centers on the (100), (110), and (111) planes of the spinel structure and (010) monoclinic alumina was modeled using density functional theory (DFT); their 51V NMR parameters were calculated using the Gauge-Including Projector Augmented Wave (GIPAW) method. The comparison of the simulated theoretical spectra with the experimental ones made it possible to find the sites that are likely present on the surface of real catalysts. The minimum energy pathways of propane oxidative dehydrogenation to propene were calculated for the dioxovanadium site in order to estimate its activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aleksandr A Shubin
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia. .,Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Olga B Lapina
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
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10
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Abstract
In the past several decades, light alkane dehydrogenation to mono-olefins, especially propane dehydrogenation to propylene has gained widespread attention and much development in the field of research and commercial application. Under suitable conditions, the supported Pt-Sn and CrOx catalysts widely used in industry exhibit satisfactory dehydrogenation activity and selectivity. However, the high cost of Pt and the potential environmental problems of CrOx have driven researchers to improve the coking and sintering resistance of Pt catalysts, and to find new non-noble metal and environment-friendly catalysts. As for the development of the reactor, it should be noted that low operation pressure is beneficial for improving the single-pass conversion, decreasing the amount of unconverted alkane recycled back to the reactor, and reducing the energy consumption of the whole process. Therefore, the research direction of reactor improvement is towards reducing the pressure drop. This review is aimed at introducing the characteristics of the dehydrogenation reaction, the progress made in the development of catalysts and reactors, and a new understanding of reaction mechanism as well as its guiding role in the development of catalyst and reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, 266580, P. R. China.
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11
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Chen S, Chang X, Sun G, Zhang T, Xu Y, Wang Y, Pei C, Gong J. Propane dehydrogenation: catalyst development, new chemistry, and emerging technologies. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:3315-3354. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00814a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This review describes recent advances in the propane dehydrogenation process in terms of emerging technologies, catalyst development and new chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Chen
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Xin Chang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Guodong Sun
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Yiyi Xu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Chunlei Pei
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Jinlong Gong
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
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12
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Dai Y, Gao X, Wang Q, Wan X, Zhou C, Yang Y. Recent progress in heterogeneous metal and metal oxide catalysts for direct dehydrogenation of ethane and propane. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:5590-5630. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01260b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Metal and metal oxide catalysts for non-oxidative ethane/propane dehydrogenation are outlined with respect to catalyst synthesis, structure–property relationship and catalytic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihu Dai
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Xing Gao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Qiaojuan Wang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Xiaoyue Wan
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Chunmei Zhou
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Yanhui Yang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
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Otroshchenko T, Jiang G, Kondratenko VA, Rodemerck U, Kondratenko EV. Current status and perspectives in oxidative, non-oxidative and CO2-mediated dehydrogenation of propane and isobutane over metal oxide catalysts. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:473-527. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01140a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Conversion of propane or isobutane from natural/shale gas into propene or isobutene, which are indispensable for the synthesis of commodity chemicals, is an important environmentally friendly alternative to oil-based cracking processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guiyuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing
- China University of Petroleum, Beijing
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | | | - Uwe Rodemerck
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V
- D-18059 Rostock
- Germany
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14
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Wang Q, Xu W, Ma Z, Yu F, Chen Y, Liao H, Wang X, Zhou J. Highly Effective Direct Dehydrogenation of Propane to Propylene by Microwave Catalysis at Low Temperature over Co−Sn/NC Microwave Catalyst. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qige Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering of Hunan Province, School of Chemical Engineering Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 P.R. China
| | - Wentao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering of Hunan Province, School of Chemical Engineering Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 P.R. China
- National and Local United Engineering Research Center for Chemical Process Simulation and Intensification Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 P.R. China
| | - Zhongchen Ma
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering of Hunan Province, School of Chemical Engineering Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 P.R. China
| | - Fei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering of Hunan Province, School of Chemical Engineering Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 P.R. China
| | - Yi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering of Hunan Province, School of Chemical Engineering Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 P.R. China
| | - Huanyu Liao
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering of Hunan Province, School of Chemical Engineering Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 P.R. China
| | - Xianyou Wang
- National Base for International Science and Technology Cooperation, School of Chemistry Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 P.R. China
| | - Jicheng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering of Hunan Province, School of Chemical Engineering Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 P.R. China
- National and Local United Engineering Research Center for Chemical Process Simulation and Intensification Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 P.R. China
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15
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Brune A, Seidel-morgenstern A, Hamel C. Analysis and Model-Based Description of the Total Process of Periodic Deactivation and Regeneration of a VOx Catalyst for Selective Dehydrogenation of Propane. Catalysts 2020; 10:1374. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10121374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study intends to provide insights into various aspects related to the reaction kinetics of the VOx catalyzed propane dehydrogenation including main and side reactions and, in particular, catalyst deactivation and regeneration, which can be hardly found in combination in current literature. To kinetically describe the complex reaction network, a reduced model was fitted to lab scale experiments performed in a fixed bed reactor. Additionally, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was applied to investigate the coking behavior of the catalyst under defined conditions considering propane and propene as precursors for coke formation. Propene was identified to be the main coke precursor, which agrees with results of experiments using a segmented fixed bed reactor (FBR). A mechanistic multilayer-monolayer coke growth model was developed to mathematically describe the catalyst coking. Samples from long-term deactivation experiments in an FBR were used for regeneration experiments with oxygen to gasify the coke deposits in a TGA. A power law approach was able to describe the regeneration behavior well. Finally, the results of periodic experiments consisting of several deactivation and regeneration cycles verified the long-term stability of the catalyst and confirmed the validity of the derived and parametrized kinetic models for deactivation and regeneration, which will allow model-based process development and optimization.
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Lang R, Du X, Huang Y, Jiang X, Zhang Q, Guo Y, Liu K, Qiao B, Wang A, Zhang T. Single-Atom Catalysts Based on the Metal–Oxide Interaction. Chem Rev 2020; 120:11986-12043. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Lang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xiaorui Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yike Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xunzhu Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yalin Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kaipeng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Botao Qiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Aiqin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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17
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Han S, Zhao D, Otroshchenko T, Lund H, Bentrup U, Kondratenko VA, Rockstroh N, Bartling S, Doronkin DE, Grunwaldt JD, Rodemerck U, Linke D, Gao M, Jiang G, Kondratenko EV. Elucidating the Nature of Active Sites and Fundamentals for their Creation in Zn-Containing ZrO2–Based Catalysts for Nonoxidative Propane Dehydrogenation. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c01580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shanlei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, Beijing 102249, People’s Republic of China
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29 a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Dan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, Beijing 102249, People’s Republic of China
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29 a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Tatiana Otroshchenko
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29 a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Henrik Lund
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29 a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Ursula Bentrup
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29 a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Vita A. Kondratenko
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29 a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Nils Rockstroh
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29 a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Stephan Bartling
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29 a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Dmitry E. Doronkin
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology and Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstr. 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology and Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstr. 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Uwe Rodemerck
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29 a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - David Linke
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29 a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Manglai Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, Beijing 102249, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guiyuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, Beijing 102249, People’s Republic of China
| | - Evgenii V. Kondratenko
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29 a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
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Xie Y, Luo R, Sun G, Chen S, Zhao ZJ, Mu R, Gong J. Facilitating the reduction of V-O bonds on VO x /ZrO 2 catalysts for non-oxidative propane dehydrogenation. Chem Sci 2020; 11:3845-3851. [PMID: 34122852 PMCID: PMC8152552 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc00690d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Supported vanadium oxide is a promising catalyst in propane dehydrogenation due to its competitive performance and low cost. Nevertheless, it remains a grand challenge to understand the structure-performance correlation due to the structural complexity of VO x -based catalysts in a reduced state. This paper describes the structure and catalytic properties of the VO x /ZrO2 catalyst. When using ZrO2 as the support, the catalyst shows six times higher turnover frequency (TOF) than using commercial γ-Al2O3. Combining H2-temperature programmed reduction, in situ Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical studies, we find that the interaction between VO x and ZrO2 can facilitate the reduction of V-O bonds, including V[double bond, length as m-dash]O, V-O-V and V-O-Zr. The promoting effect could be attributed to the formation of low coordinated V species in VO x /ZrO2 which is more active in C-H activation. Our work provides a new insight into understanding the structure-performance correlation in VO x -based catalysts for non-oxidative propane dehydrogenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Xie
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Ran Luo
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Guodong Sun
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Sai Chen
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Zhi-Jian Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Rentao Mu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Jinlong Gong
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 China
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19
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Chen C, Sun M, Hu Z, Liu Y, Zhang S, Yuan ZY. Nature of active phase of VO catalysts supported on SiBeta for direct dehydrogenation of propane to propylene. Chinese Journal of Catalysis 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(19)63444-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Han S, Zhao Y, Otroshchenko T, Zhang Y, Zhao D, Lund H, Vuong TH, Rabeah J, Bentrup U, Kondratenko VA, Rodemerck U, Linke D, Gao M, Jiao H, Jiang G, Kondratenko EV. Unraveling the Origins of the Synergy Effect between ZrO2 and CrOx in Supported CrZrOx for Propene Formation in Nonoxidative Propane Dehydrogenation. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b05063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shanlei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, P. R. China
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29 a, Rostock D-18059, Germany
| | - Yun Zhao
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29 a, Rostock D-18059, Germany
| | - Tatiana Otroshchenko
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29 a, Rostock D-18059, Germany
| | - Yaoyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, P. R. China
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29 a, Rostock D-18059, Germany
| | - Dan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, P. R. China
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29 a, Rostock D-18059, Germany
| | - Henrik Lund
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29 a, Rostock D-18059, Germany
| | - Thanh Huyen Vuong
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29 a, Rostock D-18059, Germany
| | - Jabor Rabeah
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29 a, Rostock D-18059, Germany
| | - Ursula Bentrup
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29 a, Rostock D-18059, Germany
| | - Vita A. Kondratenko
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29 a, Rostock D-18059, Germany
| | - Uwe Rodemerck
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29 a, Rostock D-18059, Germany
| | - David Linke
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29 a, Rostock D-18059, Germany
| | - Manglai Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, P. R. China
| | - Haijun Jiao
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29 a, Rostock D-18059, Germany
| | - Guiyuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, P. R. China
| | - Evgenii V. Kondratenko
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29 a, Rostock D-18059, Germany
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21
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Hu ZP, Yang D, Wang Z, Yuan ZY. State-of-the-art catalysts for direct dehydrogenation of propane to propylene. Chinese Journal of Catalysis 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(19)63360-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Xiong C, Chen S, Yang P, Zha S, Zhao ZJ, Gong J. Structure–Performance Relationships for Propane Dehydrogenation over Aluminum Supported Vanadium Oxide. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b04701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanye Xiong
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Sai Chen
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Piaoping Yang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shenjun Zha
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhi-Jian Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jinlong Gong
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
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23
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Wang X, Zhang X, Li P, Otake KI, Cui Y, Lyu J, Krzyaniak MD, Zhang Y, Li Z, Liu J, Buru CT, Islamoglu T, Wasielewski MR, Li Z, Farha OK. Vanadium Catalyst on Isostructural Transition Metal, Lanthanide, and Actinide Based Metal–Organic Frameworks for Alcohol Oxidation. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:8306-8314. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b02603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingjie Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
- International Institute of Nanotechnology and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Xuan Zhang
- International Institute of Nanotechnology and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Peng Li
- International Institute of Nanotechnology and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ken-ichi Otake
- International Institute of Nanotechnology and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yuexing Cui
- International Institute of Nanotechnology and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jiafei Lyu
- International Institute of Nanotechnology and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Matthew D. Krzyaniak
- International Institute of Nanotechnology and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- International Institute of Nanotechnology and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Zhanyong Li
- International Institute of Nanotechnology and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jian Liu
- International Institute of Nanotechnology and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Cassandra T. Buru
- International Institute of Nanotechnology and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Timur Islamoglu
- International Institute of Nanotechnology and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Michael R. Wasielewski
- International Institute of Nanotechnology and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Zhong Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Omar K. Farha
- International Institute of Nanotechnology and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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24
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Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Otroshchenko T, Han S, Lund H, Rodemerck U, Linke D, Jiao H, Jiang G, Kondratenko EV. The effect of phase composition and crystallite size on activity and selectivity of ZrO2 in non-oxidative propane dehydrogenation. J Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Hu P, Chen Y, Yan X, Lang WZ, Guo YJ. Correlation of the Vanadium Precursor and Structure Performance of Porous VOX-SiO2 Solids for Catalytic Dehydrogenation of Propane. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b06089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Hu
- The Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Yan Chen
- The Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Xi Yan
- The Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Wan-Zhong Lang
- The Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Ya-Jun Guo
- The Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, China
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26
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Yang QQ, Hu P, Xiu NY, Lang WZ, Guo YJ. VOx
/γ-Al2
O3
Catalysts for Propane Dehydrogenation Prepared by “Impregnation-Solid Phase Reaction” Method with Aluminum Hydroxide as Support Precursor. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201802070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Qi Yang
- The Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shanghai Normal University; 100 Guilin Road Shanghai 200234 China
| | - Ping Hu
- The Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shanghai Normal University; 100 Guilin Road Shanghai 200234 China
| | - Nai-Yun Xiu
- The Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shanghai Normal University; 100 Guilin Road Shanghai 200234 China
| | - Wan-Zhong Lang
- The Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shanghai Normal University; 100 Guilin Road Shanghai 200234 China
| | - Ya-Jun Guo
- The Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shanghai Normal University; 100 Guilin Road Shanghai 200234 China
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27
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Han ZF, Xue XL, Wu JM, Lang WZ, Guo YJ. Preparation and catalytic properties of mesoporous n V-MCM-41 for propane oxidative dehydrogenation in the presence of CO 2. Chinese Journal of Catalysis 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(18)63048-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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28
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Zhao ZJ, Wu T, Xiong C, Sun G, Mu R, Zeng L, Gong J. Hydroxyl-Mediated Non-oxidative Propane Dehydrogenation over VO
x
/γ-Al2
O3
Catalysts with Improved Stability. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201800123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jian Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Weijin Road 92 Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Tengfang Wu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Weijin Road 92 Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Chuanye Xiong
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Weijin Road 92 Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Guodong Sun
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Weijin Road 92 Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Rentao Mu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Weijin Road 92 Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Liang Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Weijin Road 92 Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Jinlong Gong
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Weijin Road 92 Tianjin 300072 China
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29
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Zhao ZJ, Wu T, Xiong C, Sun G, Mu R, Zeng L, Gong J. Hydroxyl-Mediated Non-oxidative Propane Dehydrogenation over VO
x
/γ-Al2
O3
Catalysts with Improved Stability. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201800123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jian Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Weijin Road 92 Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Tengfang Wu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Weijin Road 92 Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Chuanye Xiong
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Weijin Road 92 Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Guodong Sun
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Weijin Road 92 Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Rentao Mu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Weijin Road 92 Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Liang Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Weijin Road 92 Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Jinlong Gong
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Weijin Road 92 Tianjin 300072 China
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Cui Y, Rimoldi M, Platero‐Prats AE, Chapman KW, Hupp JT, Farha OK. Stabilizing a Vanadium Oxide Catalyst by Supporting on a Metal–Organic Framework. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201701658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuexing Cui
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University Evanston IL- 60208 USA
| | - Martino Rimoldi
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University Evanston IL- 60208 USA
| | - Ana E. Platero‐Prats
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source Argonne National Laboratory Argonne IL- 60439 USA
| | - Karena W. Chapman
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source Argonne National Laboratory Argonne IL- 60439 USA
| | - Joseph T. Hupp
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University Evanston IL- 60208 USA
| | - Omar K. Farha
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University Evanston IL- 60208 USA
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
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31
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Hu P, Lang WZ, Yan X, Chu LF, Guo YJ. Influence of gelation and calcination temperature on the structure-performance of porous VOX-SiO2 solids in non-oxidative propane dehydrogenation. J Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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32
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Wang X, Ji K, Zhou G, Li Q, Zhou H, Xu C. Synthesis of V-MCM-41 Catalysts and Their Application in CO2
-Assisted Isobutane Dehydrogenation. Chem Eng Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201700284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosheng Wang
- China University of Petroleum-Beijing; State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing; Institute of New Energy; Beijing 102249 China
| | - Kehong Ji
- China University of Petroleum-Beijing; State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing; Institute of New Energy; Beijing 102249 China
| | - Guanglin Zhou
- China University of Petroleum-Beijing; State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing; Institute of New Energy; Beijing 102249 China
| | - Qin Li
- China University of Petroleum-Beijing; State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing; Institute of New Energy; Beijing 102249 China
| | - Hongjun Zhou
- China University of Petroleum-Beijing; State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing; Institute of New Energy; Beijing 102249 China
| | - Chunming Xu
- China University of Petroleum-Beijing; State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing; Institute of New Energy; Beijing 102249 China
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33
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Węgrzyniak A, Jarczewski S, Węgrzynowicz A, Michorczyk B, Kuśtrowski P, Michorczyk P. Catalytic Behavior of Chromium Oxide Supported on Nanocasting-Prepared Mesoporous Alumina in Dehydrogenation of Propane. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2017; 7:E249. [PMID: 28862670 DOI: 10.3390/nano7090249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mesoporous alumina with narrow pore size distribution centered in the range of 4.4–5.0 nm and with a specific surface area as high as 270 m2·g−1 was prepared via the nanocasting approach using a CMK-3 carbon replica as a hard template. Based on this support, a series of catalysts containing 1, 5, 10, 20 and 30 wt % of chromium was prepared by incipient wetness impregnation, characterized, and studied in the dehydrogenation of propane to propene (PDH). Cr species in three oxidation states—Cr(III), Cr(V) and Cr(VI)—were found on the oxidized surface of the catalysts. The concentration of these species varied with the total Cr loading. Temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR) and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis-DRS) studies revealed that Cr(VI) species dominated at the lowest Cr content. An increase in the Cr loading resulted in an appearance of an increasing amount of Cr(III) oxide. UV-Vis-DRS measurements performed in situ during the PDH process showed that at the beginning of the catalytic test Cr(VI) species were reduced to Cr(III) redox species. A crucial role of the redox species in the PDH process over the catalysts with the low Cr content was confirmed. The stability test for the catalyst containing 20 wt % of Cr showed that this sample exhibited the reproducible catalytic performance after the first four regeneration–dehydrogenation cycles. Moreover, this catalyst had higher resistance on deactivation during the PDH process as compared to the reference catalyst with the same Cr loading, but was supported on commercially available alumina.
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Rodemerck U, Stoyanova M, Kondratenko EV, Linke D. Influence of the kind of VOx structures in VOx/MCM-41 on activity, selectivity and stability in dehydrogenation of propane and isobutane. J Catal 2017; 352:256-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2017.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Wu T, Liu G, Zeng L, Sun G, Chen S, Mu R, Agbotse Gbonfoun S, Zhao ZJ, Gong J. Structure and catalytic consequence of Mg-modified VOx
/Al2
O3
catalysts for propane dehydrogenation. AIChE J 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.15836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tengfang Wu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Gang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Liang Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Guodong Sun
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Sai Chen
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Rentao Mu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Sika Agbotse Gbonfoun
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Zhi-Jian Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Jinlong Gong
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tianjin 300072 China
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Xue XL, Lang WZ, Yan X, Guo YJ. Dispersed Vanadium in Three-Dimensional Dendritic Mesoporous Silica Nanospheres: Active and Stable Catalysts for the Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Propane in the Presence of CO 2. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:15408-15423. [PMID: 28425291 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b01498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The uniform monodispersed vanadium-doped three-dimensional dendritic mesoporous silica nanospheres (nV-MSNSs) were successfully synthesized in a heterogeneous oil-water biphase stratification reaction system and characterized by several state-of-the-art methods. The synthesized nV-MSNSs were applied to the oxidative dehydrogenation of the propane (ODHP) reaction with the presence of CO2 and exhibited excellent catalytic performances. The results show that the vanadium loading (1.3-8.0 wt %) evidently influences the textural properties, oxidation state, and polymerization degree of vanadium species of nV-MSNSs. The specific surface area (SBET), pore diameter (Dp), and pore volume (Vp) of nV-MSNSs decrease with the loading of vanadium species. The excessively high vanadium loading leads to the slight connection of nanospheres, but does not affect the assembly and growth of the three-dimensional (3D) dendritic channels. The percentage of highly dispersed vanadium VV species gradually increases and attains the maximum value for 5.2V-MSNSs with the loading of vanadium and then decreases with further vanadium addition. The higher-polymerized VOx species gradually generates above 5.2 wt % vanadium content for nV-MSNSs. The lower-polymerized VOx species appear to be more active than the higher-polymerized VOx species. Markedly, the 5.2V-MSNSs exhibit the highest catalytic activity with the initial propane conversion of 58% for the ODHP. The excellent catalytic performance can be maintained after eight reaction-regeneration cycles. The silica mesoporous frameworks can be well preserved in the reaction-regeneration cycles; meanwhile, the highly dispersed vanadium oxide also can be fully recovered after in situ regeneration. Hence, nV-MSNS catalysts exhibit outstanding activity and stability, and it would have a promising application in the DH of alkanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Liang Xue
- The Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Normal University , 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Wan-Zhong Lang
- The Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Normal University , 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Xi Yan
- The Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Normal University , 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Ya-Jun Guo
- The Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Normal University , 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, China
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Bai P, Ma Z, Li T, Tian Y, Zhang Z, Zhong Z, Xing W, Wu P, Liu X, Yan Z. Relationship between Surface Chemistry and Catalytic Performance of Mesoporous γ-Al 2O 3 Supported VO X Catalyst in Catalytic Dehydrogenation of Propane. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:25979-25990. [PMID: 27636162 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b07779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mesoporous γ-Al2O3 was synthesized via a cation-anion double hydrolysis approach (CADH). The synthesized mesoporous alumina displayed a relatively high surface area, a large pore volume and a narrow pore size distribution. By applying the mesoporous alumina as a support, supported vanadium catalysts were prepared and evaluated in the dehydrogenation of propane, exhibiting a superior catalytic performance over that supported on a commercial alumina. Materials were characterized with a variety of techniques such as X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, 51V magnetic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy of pyridine adsorption and thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis. The correlated structure-performance relationship of catalysts reveals that a higher crystallization temperature endows mesoporous alumina materials with more surface acid sites, favoring the formation of polymerized VOX species, which are more active than isolated ones in the propane dehydrogenation, resulting in a better catalytic performance. The established relationship between surface chemistry and catalytic performance of supported VOX catalysts suggests that a superior vanadium catalyst for propane dehydrogenation could be achieved by rationally enriching the concentration of polymeric VOX species on the catalyst, which can be realized by tuning the surface acidity of alumina support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Key Laboratory of Catalysis, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum , Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Zhipeng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Key Laboratory of Catalysis, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum , Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Tingting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Key Laboratory of Catalysis, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum , Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Yupeng Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Key Laboratory of Catalysis, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum , Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Zhanquan Zhang
- Petrochina Petrochemical Research Institute , Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ziyi Zhong
- School of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU) , 62 Nanyang Drive, 637459 Singapore
| | - Wei Xing
- School of Science, China University of Petroleum , Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Pingping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Key Laboratory of Catalysis, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum , Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Xinmei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Key Laboratory of Catalysis, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum , Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Zifeng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Key Laboratory of Catalysis, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum , Qingdao 266580, China
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- Key Laboratory
for Green
Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering
and Technology, Tianjin University; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhi-Jian Zhao
- Key Laboratory
for Green
Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering
and Technology, Tianjin University; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Tengfang Wu
- Key Laboratory
for Green
Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering
and Technology, Tianjin University; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Liang Zeng
- Key Laboratory
for Green
Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering
and Technology, Tianjin University; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jinlong Gong
- Key Laboratory
for Green
Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering
and Technology, Tianjin University; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
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Rodemerck U, Sokolov S, Stoyanova M, Bentrup U, Linke D, Kondratenko EV. Influence of support and kind of VO species on isobutene selectivity and coke deposition in non-oxidative dehydrogenation of isobutane. J Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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