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Zhao C, Liu L, He Q, Li Y, Feng J, Chen Y, Li Y, Xu X, Zhu S, Ye Y, Wen Y, Zeng Z, Zhou D, Jin F. Dickkopf-1 is an immune infiltration-related prognostic biomarker of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:3837-3855. [PMID: 38376441 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Immunotherapy is currently one of the most viable therapies for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), characterized by high immune cell infiltration. The Wnt-signaling inhibitor and immune activation mediator, Dickkopf-1 (DKK1), has a strong correlation with tumor growth, tumor microenvironment, and, consequently, disease prognosis. Nevertheless, it is still unclear how DKK1 expression, HNSCC prognosis, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are related. To better understand these associations, we examined how DKK1 expression varies across different tumor and normal tissues. In our study, we investigated the association between DKK1 mRNA expression and clinical outcomes. Next, we assessed the link between DKK1 expression and tumor immune cell infiltration. Additionally, using immunohistochemistry, we evaluated the expression of DKK1 in 15 healthy head and neck tissue samples, and the expression of CD3, CD4, and DKK1 in 27 HNSCC samples. We also explored aberrant DKK1 expression during tumorigenesis. DKK1 expression was remarkably higher in HNSCC tissues than in healthy tissues, and was shown to be associated with tumor stage, grade, lymph node metastasis, histology, and a dismal clinical prognosis in HNSCC. DKK1 expression in HNSCC tissues was inversely correlated with CD3+ (P < 0.0001) and CD4+ (P < 0.0001) immune cell infiltration, while that in immune cells was inversely associated with HNSCC prognosis. These findings offer a bioinformatics perspective on the function of DKK1 in HNSCC immunotherapy and provide justification for clinical research on DKK1-targeted HNSCC treatments. DKK1 is a central target for improving the efficacy of HNSCC immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofen Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology, The School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, P.R. China
| | - Lina Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology, The School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, P.R. China
| | - Qianyong He
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology, The School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology, The School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, P.R. China
| | - Jianglong Feng
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, P.R. China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Oncology, The School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, P.R. China
| | - Yuxin Li
- Department of Oncology, The School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, P.R. China
| | - Xinyu Xu
- Department of Oncology, The School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, P.R. China
| | - Shaoyuan Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, P.R. China
| | - Yuanmei Ye
- Department of Oncology, The School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, P.R. China
| | - Yajing Wen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhirui Zeng
- Department of Physiology, The School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, P.R. China
| | - Ding'an Zhou
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P. R. China
| | - Feng Jin
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology, The School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, P.R. China
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2
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Jarman EJ, Horcas‐Lopez M, Waddell SH, MacMaster S, Gournopanos K, Soong DYH, Musialik K, Tsokkou P, Ng M, Cambridge WA, Wilson DH, Kagey MH, Newman W, Pollard JW, Boulter L. DKK1 drives immune suppressive phenotypes in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and can be targeted with anti-DKK1 therapeutic DKN-01. Liver Int 2023; 43:208-220. [PMID: 35924447 PMCID: PMC10087034 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) is associated with poor prognosis in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA), but the mechanisms behind this are unclear. Here, we show that DKK1 plays an immune regulatory role in vivo and inhibition reduces tumour growth. METHODS Various in vivo GEMM mouse models and patient samples were utilized to assess the effects of tumour specific DKK1 overexpression in iCCA. DKK1-driven changes to the tumour immune microenvironment were characterized by immunostaining and gene expression analysis. DKK1 overexpressing and damage-induced models of iCCA were used to demonstrate the therapeutic efficacy of DKK1 inhibition in these contexts using the anti-DKK1 therapeutic, DKN-01. RESULTS DKK1 overexpression in mouse models of iCCA drives an increase in chemokine and cytokine signalling, the recruitment of regulatory macrophages, and promotes the formation of a tolerogenic niche with higher numbers of regulatory T cells. We show a similar association of DKK1 with FOXP3 and regulatory T cells in patient tissue and gene expression data, demonstrating these effects are relevant to human iCCA. Finally, we demonstrate that inhibition of DKK1 with the monoclonal antibody mDKN-01 is effective at reducing tumour burden in two distinct mouse models of the disease. CONCLUSION DKK1 promotes tumour immune evasion in iCCA through the recruitment of immune suppressive macrophages. Targeting DKK1 with a neutralizing antibody is effective at reducing tumour growth in vivo. As such, DKK1 targeted and immune modulatory therapies may be an effective strategy in iCCA patients with high DKK1 tumour expression or tolerogenic immune phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J. Jarman
- MRC Human Genetics UnitInstitute of Genetics and Cancer, University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Marta Horcas‐Lopez
- MRC Centre for Reproductive HealthQueen's Medical Research Institute, The University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Scott H. Waddell
- MRC Human Genetics UnitInstitute of Genetics and Cancer, University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Stephanie MacMaster
- MRC Human Genetics UnitInstitute of Genetics and Cancer, University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | | | - Daniel Y. H. Soong
- MRC Centre for Reproductive HealthQueen's Medical Research Institute, The University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Kamila I. Musialik
- MRC Human Genetics UnitInstitute of Genetics and Cancer, University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Panagiota Tsokkou
- MRC Human Genetics UnitInstitute of Genetics and Cancer, University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Minn‐E Ng
- MRC Human Genetics UnitInstitute of Genetics and Cancer, University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - William A. Cambridge
- MRC Human Genetics UnitInstitute of Genetics and Cancer, University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Department of Clinical SurgeryUniversity of Edinburgh, Little France CrescentEdinburghUK
| | - David H. Wilson
- MRC Human Genetics UnitInstitute of Genetics and Cancer, University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | | | | | - Jeffrey W. Pollard
- MRC Centre for Reproductive HealthQueen's Medical Research Institute, The University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Luke Boulter
- MRC Human Genetics UnitInstitute of Genetics and Cancer, University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
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3
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Yang SH, Hu S, Kang Q, Liu LX, Wei Q, Song ZM, Chen YH, Liao ZJ, Huan YF, Wang XJ, Zou H, Zhang XW. EIF5A2 promotes proliferation and invasion of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma cells. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2022; 46:101991. [PMID: 35792239 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2022.101991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) can invade and metastasize. EIF5A2 is involved in the invasive metastatic process of several digestive malignancies. However, its role in ICC is yet to be elucidated. METHODS Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blot (WB) were used to detect the level of EIF5A2 in the tumor specimens of ICC patients and evaluate the correlation between its expression and clinicopathological characteristics. The significance of EIF5A2 in the prognosis of ICC patients was further evaluated by Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analysis. In addition, CCK-8, EdU, Transwell invasion, and scratch assays were utilized to detect tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Furthermore, the role of EIF5A2 in ICC cells was evaluated after modification of EIF5A2 expression. RESULTS The level of EIF5A2 protein was significantly higher in ICC than in adjacent tissues. This high expression in the tumor samples was significantly associated with malignant phenotypes, such as lymph node metastasis (LNM), microvascular or bile duct invasion, and poor differentiation. ICC patients with high expression of EIF5A2 had short overall survival and a high cumulative recurrence rate. The multifactorial analysis showed that EIF5A2 is an independent prognostic marker. Furthermore, high levels of EIF5A2 may activate the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and upregulate Cyclin D1, Cyclin D3, MMP2, and MMP9 to promote ICC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. CONCLUSION The current study found that EIF5A2 promotes ICC progression and is a prognostic biomarker and candidate therapeutic target for ICC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Hua Yang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, China
| | - Sheng Hu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, China
| | - Qiang Kang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, China
| | - Li-Xin Liu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, China
| | - Qun Wei
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, China
| | - Zhi-Mei Song
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, China
| | - Yi-Hui Chen
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, China
| | - Zhou-Jun Liao
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, China
| | - Yun-Feng Huan
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, China
| | - Xue-Jun Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, China
| | - Hao Zou
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Zhang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, China.
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4
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Macias RIR, Cardinale V, Kendall TJ, Avila MA, Guido M, Coulouarn C, Braconi C, Frampton AE, Bridgewater J, Overi D, Pereira SP, Rengo M, Kather JN, Lamarca A, Pedica F, Forner A, Valle JW, Gaudio E, Alvaro D, Banales JM, Carpino G. Clinical relevance of biomarkers in cholangiocarcinoma: critical revision and future directions. Gut 2022; 71:1669-1683. [PMID: 35580963 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-327099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a malignant tumour arising from the biliary system. In Europe, this tumour frequently presents as a sporadic cancer in patients without defined risk factors and is usually diagnosed at advanced stages with a consequent poor prognosis. Therefore, the identification of biomarkers represents an utmost need for patients with CCA. Numerous studies proposed a wide spectrum of biomarkers at tissue and molecular levels. With the present paper, a multidisciplinary group of experts within the European Network for the Study of Cholangiocarcinoma discusses the clinical role of tissue biomarkers and provides a selection based on their current relevance and potential applications in the framework of CCA. Recent advances are proposed by dividing biomarkers based on their potential role in diagnosis, prognosis and therapy response. Limitations of current biomarkers are also identified, together with specific promising areas (ie, artificial intelligence, patient-derived organoids, targeted therapy) where research should be focused to develop future biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio I R Macias
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM) group, University of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain.,Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vincenzo Cardinale
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Timothy J Kendall
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Matias A Avila
- Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.,Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria Guido
- Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Cedric Coulouarn
- UMR_S 1242, COSS, Centre de Lutte contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, INSERM University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Chiara Braconi
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Adam E Frampton
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - John Bridgewater
- Department of Medical Oncology, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Diletta Overi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Stephen P Pereira
- Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marco Rengo
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Jakob N Kather
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Angela Lamarca
- Medical Oncology/Institute of Cancer Sciences, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust/University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Federica Pedica
- Department of Pathology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alejandro Forner
- Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.,BCLC group, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic Barcelona. IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan W Valle
- Medical Oncology/Institute of Cancer Sciences, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust/University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Alvaro
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Jesus M Banales
- Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Ikerbasque, San Sebastian, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Guido Carpino
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome 'Foro Italico', Rome, Italy
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5
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Roos FJM, van Tienderen GS, Wu H, Bordeu I, Vinke D, Albarinos LM, Monfils K, Niesten S, Smits R, Willemse J, Rosmark O, Westergren-Thorsson G, Kunz DJ, de Wit M, French PJ, Vallier L, IJzermans JNM, Bartfai R, Marks H, Simons BD, van Royen ME, Verstegen MMA, van der Laan LJW. Human branching cholangiocyte organoids recapitulate functional bile duct formation. Cell Stem Cell 2022; 29:776-794.e13. [PMID: 35523140 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2022.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human cholangiocyte organoids show great promise for regenerative therapies and in vitro modeling of bile duct development and diseases. However, the cystic organoids lack the branching morphology of intrahepatic bile ducts (IHBDs). Here, we report establishing human branching cholangiocyte organoid (BRCO) cultures. BRCOs self-organize into complex tubular structures resembling the IHBD architecture. Single-cell transcriptomics and functional analysis showed high similarity to primary cholangiocytes, and importantly, the branching growth mimics aspects of tubular development and is dependent on JAG1/NOTCH2 signaling. When applied to cholangiocarcinoma tumor organoids, the morphology changes to an in vitro morphology like primary tumors. Moreover, these branching cholangiocarcinoma organoids (BRCCAOs) better match the transcriptomic profile of primary tumors and showed increased chemoresistance to gemcitabine and cisplatin. In conclusion, BRCOs recapitulate a complex process of branching morphogenesis in vitro. This provides an improved model to study tubular formation, bile duct functionality, and associated biliary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floris J M Roos
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Surgery, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gilles S van Tienderen
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Surgery, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Haoyu Wu
- Radboud University, Department of Molecular Biology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ignacio Bordeu
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dina Vinke
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Surgery, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Laura Muñoz Albarinos
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Surgery, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kathryn Monfils
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Surgery, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sabrah Niesten
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Surgery, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ron Smits
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jorke Willemse
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Surgery, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Oskar Rosmark
- Lung Biology, Department Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Daniel J Kunz
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maurice de Wit
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Pathology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pim J French
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Cancer Treatment Screening Facility, Department of Neurology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ludovic Vallier
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jan N M IJzermans
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Surgery, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Richard Bartfai
- Radboud University, Department of Molecular Biology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Hendrik Marks
- Radboud University, Department of Molecular Biology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ben D Simons
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Martin E van Royen
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Pathology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Monique M A Verstegen
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Surgery, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Luc J W van der Laan
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Surgery, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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6
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Mocan LP, Ilieș M, Melincovici CS, Spârchez M, Crăciun R, Nenu I, Horhat A, Tefas C, Spârchez Z, Iuga CA, Mocan T, Mihu CM. Novel approaches in search for biomarkers of cholangiocarcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:1508-1525. [PMID: 35582128 PMCID: PMC9048460 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i15.1508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) arises from the ductular epithelium of the biliary tree, either within the liver (intrahepatic CCA) or more commonly from the extrahepatic bile ducts (extrahepatic CCA). This disease has a poor prognosis and a growing worldwide prevalence. The poor outcomes of CCA are partially explained by the fact that a final diagnosis is challenging, especially the differential diagnosis between hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic CCA, or distal CCA and pancreatic head adenocarcinoma. Most patients present with an advanced disease, unresectable disease, and there is a lack in non-surgical therapeutic modalities. Not least, there is an acute lack of prognostic biomarkers which further complicates disease management. Therefore, there is a dire need to find alternative diagnostic and follow-up pathways that can lead to an accurate result, either singlehandedly or combined with other methods. In the "-omics" era, this goal can be attained by various means, as it has been successfully demonstrated in other primary tumors. Numerous variants can reach a biomarker status ranging from circulating nucleic acids to proteins, metabolites, extracellular vesicles, and ultimately circulating tumor cells. However, given the relatively heterogeneous data, extracting clinical meaning from the inconsequential noise might become a tall task. The current review aims to navigate the nascent waters of the non-invasive approach to CCA and provide an evidence-based input to aid clinical decisions and provide grounds for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia-Patricia Mocan
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400012, Romania
| | - Maria Ilieș
- Department of Proteomics and Metabolomics, MedFUTURE Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400349, Romania
| | - Carmen Stanca Melincovici
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400012, Romania
| | - Mihaela Spârchez
- 2nd Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400012, Romania
| | - Rareș Crăciun
- 3rd Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400012, Romania
- Department of Gastroenterology, "Prof. dr. Octavian Fodor" Institute for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cluj-Napoca 400162, Romania
| | - Iuliana Nenu
- 3rd Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400012, Romania
- Department of Gastroenterology, "Prof. dr. Octavian Fodor" Institute for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cluj-Napoca 400162, Romania
| | - Adelina Horhat
- 3rd Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400012, Romania
- Department of Gastroenterology, "Prof. dr. Octavian Fodor" Institute for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cluj-Napoca 400162, Romania
| | - Cristian Tefas
- 3rd Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400012, Romania
- Department of Gastroenterology, "Prof. dr. Octavian Fodor" Institute for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cluj-Napoca 400162, Romania
| | - Zeno Spârchez
- 3rd Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400012, Romania
- Department of Gastroenterology, "Prof. dr. Octavian Fodor" Institute for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cluj-Napoca 400162, Romania
| | - Cristina Adela Iuga
- Department of Proteomics and Metabolomics, MedFUTURE Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400349, Romania
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400012, Romania
| | - Tudor Mocan
- 3rd Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400012, Romania
- Department of Gastroenterology, "Prof. dr. Octavian Fodor" Institute for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cluj-Napoca 400162, Romania
| | - Carmen Mihaela Mihu
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400012, Romania
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7
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Abstract
Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) is a well-characterized Wnt inhibitor and component of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, whose dysregulation is associated with multiple abnormal pathologies including osteoporosis, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, and various cancers. The Wnt signaling pathway has fundamental roles in cell fate determination, cell proliferation, and survival; thus, its mis-regulation can lead to disease. Although DKK1 is involved in other signaling pathways, including the β-catenin-independent Wnt pathway and the DKK1/CKAP4 pathway, the inhibition of DKK1 to propagate Wnt/β-catenin signals has been validated as an effective way to treat related diseases. In fact, strategies for developing DKK1 inhibitors have produced encouraging clinical results in different pathological models, and many publications provide detailed information about these inhibitors, which include small molecules, antibodies, and nucleic acids, and may function at the protein or mRNA level. However, no systematic review has yet provided an overview of the various aspects of their development and prospects. Therefore, we review the DKK1 inhibitors currently available or under study and provide an outlook on future studies involving DKK1 and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hewen Jiang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-Based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zongkang Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-Based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-Based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, China.,Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.,Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hang Yin Chu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-Based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sifan Yu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-Based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, China.,Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.,Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shanshan Yao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-Based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-Based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, China.,Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.,Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bao-Ting Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-Based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, China
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8
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Pavicevic S, Reichelt S, Uluk D, Lurje I, Engelmann C, Modest DP, Pelzer U, Krenzien F, Raschzok N, Benzing C, Sauer IM, Stintzing S, Tacke F, Schöning W, Schmelzle M, Pratschke J, Lurje G. Prognostic and Predictive Molecular Markers in Cholangiocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1026. [PMID: 35205774 PMCID: PMC8870611 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14041026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is the second most common primary liver cancer and subsumes a heterogeneous group of malignant tumors arising from the intra- or extrahepatic biliary tract epithelium. A rising mortality from CCA has been reported worldwide during the last decade, despite significant improvement of surgical and palliative treatment. Over 50% of CCAs originate from proximal extrahepatic bile ducts and constitute the most common CCA entity in the Western world. Clinicopathological characteristics such as lymph node status and poor differentiation remain the best-studied, but imperfect prognostic factors. The identification of prognostic molecular markers as an adjunct to traditional staging systems may not only facilitate the selection of patients who would benefit the most from surgical, adjuvant or palliative treatment strategies, but may also be helpful in defining the aggressiveness of the disease and identifying patients at high-risk for tumor recurrence. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of currently known molecular prognostic and predictive markers and their role in CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Pavicevic
- Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (S.P.); (S.R.); (D.U.); (F.K.); (N.R.); (C.B.); (I.M.S.); (W.S.); (M.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Sophie Reichelt
- Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (S.P.); (S.R.); (D.U.); (F.K.); (N.R.); (C.B.); (I.M.S.); (W.S.); (M.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Deniz Uluk
- Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (S.P.); (S.R.); (D.U.); (F.K.); (N.R.); (C.B.); (I.M.S.); (W.S.); (M.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Isabella Lurje
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Campus Charité Mitte, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (I.L.); (C.E.); (F.T.)
| | - Cornelius Engelmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Campus Charité Mitte, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (I.L.); (C.E.); (F.T.)
| | - Dominik P. Modest
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Campus Charité Mitte, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (D.P.M.); (U.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Uwe Pelzer
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Campus Charité Mitte, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (D.P.M.); (U.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Felix Krenzien
- Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (S.P.); (S.R.); (D.U.); (F.K.); (N.R.); (C.B.); (I.M.S.); (W.S.); (M.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Nathanael Raschzok
- Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (S.P.); (S.R.); (D.U.); (F.K.); (N.R.); (C.B.); (I.M.S.); (W.S.); (M.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Christian Benzing
- Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (S.P.); (S.R.); (D.U.); (F.K.); (N.R.); (C.B.); (I.M.S.); (W.S.); (M.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Igor M. Sauer
- Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (S.P.); (S.R.); (D.U.); (F.K.); (N.R.); (C.B.); (I.M.S.); (W.S.); (M.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Sebastian Stintzing
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Campus Charité Mitte, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (D.P.M.); (U.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Campus Charité Mitte, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (I.L.); (C.E.); (F.T.)
| | - Wenzel Schöning
- Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (S.P.); (S.R.); (D.U.); (F.K.); (N.R.); (C.B.); (I.M.S.); (W.S.); (M.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Moritz Schmelzle
- Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (S.P.); (S.R.); (D.U.); (F.K.); (N.R.); (C.B.); (I.M.S.); (W.S.); (M.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Johann Pratschke
- Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (S.P.); (S.R.); (D.U.); (F.K.); (N.R.); (C.B.); (I.M.S.); (W.S.); (M.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Georg Lurje
- Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (S.P.); (S.R.); (D.U.); (F.K.); (N.R.); (C.B.); (I.M.S.); (W.S.); (M.S.); (J.P.)
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9
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Kim SR, Won HS, Yang JH, Sun S, Yim K, Hong M, Hong SA, Yoon JS, Chun SH, Kim KH, Ko YH. Prognostic value of Dickkopf-1 and ß-catenin expression according to the antitumor immunity of CD8-positive tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in biliary tract cancer. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1931. [PMID: 35121803 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05914-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of β-catenin and Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) is dependent on the specific immunobiology of T cell inflammation in biliary tract cancer (BTC). We aimed to analyze the role of DKK1 or β-catenin as a prognostic factor in BTC, and determine the clinical associations of ß-catenin and DKK1 with CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL). We used data from The Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network and the clinicopathological data of 145 patients with BTC who had undergone primary radical resection between 2006 and 2016. CD8+ TIL expression was a significant predictor of favorable overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) (median OS, 34.9 months in high-TIL, 16.7 months in low-TIL, P < 0.0001 respectively; median RFS, 27.1 months in high-TIL, 10.0 months in low-TIL, P < 0.0001 respectively). In the high-CD8+ TIL BTC group, the tumor expression of β-catenin and DKK1 had a significant negative impact on either OS or RFS. In the low-TIL BTC group, there were no differences according to ß-catenin and DKK1 expression. Cox regression multivariate analysis demonstrated that CD8+ TIL and β-catenin retained significant association with OS. Among patients with resected BTC, the β-catenin and DKK1 protein and high CD8+ TIL levels were associated with poor and good clinical outcomes, respectively.
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10
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Abstract
WNT signaling pathway inhibitor Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) is related to cancer progression; however, its diagnostic and prognostic potential have not been investigated in a pan-cancer perspective. In this study, multiple bioinformatic analyses were conducted to evaluate therapeutic value of DKK1 in human cancers. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project served as data resources. The Wilcoxon rank test was performed to evaluate the expression difference of DKK1 between cancer tissues and normal tissues. A Kaplan-Meier curve and Cox regression were used for prognosis evaluation. Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was used to evaluate the association of DKK1 expression with the immune cell infiltration. The potential function of DKK1 was explored by STRING and clusterProfiler. We found that the expression level of DKK1 is significantly different in different cancer types. Importantly, we demonstrated that DKK1 is an independent risk factor in ESCA, LUAD, MESO, and STAD. Further analysis revealed that DKK1 had a large effect on the immune cell infiltration and markers of certain immune cells, such as Th1 and Th2 cells. PPI network analysis and further pathway enrichment analysis indicated that DKK1 was mainly involved in the WNT signaling pathway. Our findings suggested that DKK1 might serve as a marker of prognosis for certain cancers by affecting the WNT signaling pathway and tumor immune microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Gao
- College of Life Science, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Ye Jin
- College of Life Science, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China.,School of Clinical Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China.,Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety for Coal Industry, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
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11
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Ney A, Garcia-Sampedro A, Goodchild G, Acedo P, Fusai G, Pereira SP. Biliary Strictures and Cholangiocarcinoma - Untangling a Diagnostic Conundrum. Front Oncol 2021; 11:699401. [PMID: 34660269 PMCID: PMC8515053 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.699401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma is an uncommon and highly aggressive biliary tract malignancy with few manifestations until late disease stages. Diagnosis is currently achieved through a combination of clinical, biochemical, radiological and histological techniques. A number of reported cancer biomarkers have the potential to be incorporated into diagnostic pathways, but all lack sufficient sensitivity and specificity limiting their possible use in screening and early diagnosis. The limitations of standard serum markers such as CA19-9, CA125 and CEA have driven researchers to identify multiple novel biomarkers, yet their clinical translation has been slow with a general requirement for further validation in larger patient cohorts. We review recent advances in the diagnostic pathway for suspected CCA as well as emerging diagnostic biomarkers for early detection, with a particular focus on non-invasive approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Ney
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andres Garcia-Sampedro
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - George Goodchild
- St. Bartholomew's hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pilar Acedo
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giuseppe Fusai
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science - University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen P Pereira
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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12
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Rodrigues PM, Vogel A, Arrese M, Balderramo DC, Valle JW, Banales JM. Next-Generation Biomarkers for Cholangiocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3222. [PMID: 34203269 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Early and non-invasive diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is still challenging, thus largely contributing to the increased mortality rates observed worldwide. Consequently, several efforts have been made in order to report novel biomarkers for CCA, that would aid on diagnosis and also to predict prognosis and therapy response. We herein aim to provide an in-depth and critical revision on the next-generation biomarkers for CCA that have been recently proposed. Abstract The increasing mortality rates of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) registered during the last decades are, at least in part, a result of the lack of accurate non-invasive biomarkers for early disease diagnosis, making the identification of patients who might benefit from potentially curative approaches (i.e., surgery) extremely challenging. The obscure CCA pathogenesis and associated etiological factors, as well as the lack of symptoms in patients with early tumor stages, highly compromises CCA identification and to predict tumor development in at-risk populations. Currently, CCA diagnosis is accomplished by the combination of clinical/biochemical features, radiological imaging and non-specific serum tumor biomarkers, although a tumor biopsy is still needed to confirm disease diagnosis. Furthermore, prognostic and predictive biomarkers are still lacking and urgently needed. During the recent years, high-throughput omics-based approaches have identified novel circulating biomarkers (diagnostic and prognostic) that might be included in large, international validation studies in the near future. In this review, we summarize and discuss the most recent advances in the field of biomarker discovery in CCA, providing new insights and future research directions.
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13
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Ye J, Xin L, Liu J, Tang T, Bao X, Yan Y. Dkk1 inhibits malignant transformation induced by Bmi1 via the β-catenin signaling axis in WB-F344 oval cells. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 11:1854-1866. [PMID: 33639034 PMCID: PMC8255841 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dickkopf-1 (Dkk1) is an inhibitor of Wnt signaling involved in cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration and angiogenesis. It was previously reported that B cell-specific Moloney mouse leukemia virus integration site 1 (Bmi1) activates the Wnt pathway by inhibiting the expression of DKK1 in breast cancer cell lines and 293T cells. Bmi1 and DKK1 are highly expressed in liver samples taken by biopsy from patients with hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the effect of both Bmi1 and DKK1 on the carcinogenesis of adult hepatic stem cells (oval cells) has not previously been reported. In this study, we used WB-F344 cells to explore the function and regulation of Dkk1 upon Bmi1 treatment. Overexpression of Dkk1 repressed differentiation, proliferation, and migration induced by Bmi1 but promoted the apoptosis of hepatic WB-F344 oval cells. In addition, Dkk1 reduced the enhancement of β-catenin levels induced by Bmi1. Finally, we used transcriptome sequencing to perform a comprehensive evaluation of the transcriptome-related changes in WB-F344 oval cells induced by Dkk1 and Bmi1. These results may provide evidence for future studies of the pathogenesis of HCC and the design of possible therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjun Ye
- Department of General Surgery, Longgang Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Le Xin
- Department of General Surgery, Longgang Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jidong Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Longgang Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tao Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Longgang Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xing Bao
- Department of General Surgery, Longgang Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yukuang Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Longgang Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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14
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Wang Y, Yu H, Xie X, Deng T, Ye L, Wu L, Ding X, Yang Z, Zhu Q, Li J, Zheng Y, Yu Z, Chen G. Plasmalemma vesicle-associated protein promotes angiogenesis in cholangiocarcinoma via the DKK1/CKAP4/PI3K signaling pathway. Oncogene 2021; 40:4324-4337. [PMID: 34079085 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01844-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is aggressive and has poor clinical outcomes because of typically delayed diagnosis and a lack of effective non-surgical therapeutic options. Recent studies have shown that plasmalemma vesicle-associated protein (PLVAP) is related to angiogenesis in various tumors, and in vivo PLVAP targeting therapy has been proven effective against hepatocellular carcinoma and pancreatic cancer. The goal of this study was to determine the potential therapeutic utility of targeting PLVAP and thus angiogenesis in CCA and explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. We found that the PLVAP expression levels were significantly higher in CCA tissues when compared with matched adjacent non-tumor tissues obtained from a total of 90 CCA patients; higher expression levels of PLVAP were associated with shorter overall survival of patients. In addition, overexpression of PLVAP was associated with higher micro-vessel density in CCA tissues. In a PLVAP overexpressing CCA patient-derived xenograft model, a novel humanized anti-PLVAP antibody in combination with Gemcitabine plus Cisplatin was significantly inhibited tumor growth. Molecular analysis of CCA cells co-cultured with human umbilical vascular endothelial cells or human hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells showed that Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1) secreted by CCA cells activated the PI3K/Akt pathway after binding to its receptor, cytoskeleton-associated protein 4 (CKAP4), resulting in the upregulation of PLVAP. Thus, CCA cells increased the angiogenic potency of endothelial cells in a paracrine fashion. Consistently, patients bearing CKAP4 and PLVAP overexpressing tumors had a poor prognosis. In conclusion, the DKK1/CKAP4/PI3K/PLVAP pathway increases angiogenesis in CCA and is therefore a potential anti-angiogenic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Division of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Haitao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaozai Xie
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tuo Deng
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Longyun Ye
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lijun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiwei Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiandong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Junjian Li
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yihu Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhengping Yu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
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15
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Kafka A, Bukovac A, Brglez E, Jarmek AM, Poljak K, Brlek P, Žarković K, Njirić N, Pećina-Šlaus N. Methylation Patterns of DKK1, DKK3 and GSK3β Are Accompanied with Different Expression Levels in Human Astrocytoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112530. [PMID: 34064046 PMCID: PMC8196684 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated genetic and epigenetic changes and protein expression levels of negative regulators of Wnt signaling, DKK1, DKK3, and APC as well as glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3β) and β-catenin in 64 human astrocytomas of grades II-IV. Methylation-specific PCR revealed promoter methylation of DKK1, DKK3, and GSK3β in 38%, 43%, and 18% of samples, respectively. Grade IV comprised the lowest number of methylated GSK3β cases and highest of DKK3. Evaluation of the immunostaining using H-score was performed for β-catenin, both total and unphosphorylated (active) forms. Additionally, active (pY216) and inactive (pS9) forms of GSK3β protein were also analyzed. Spearman's correlation confirmed the prevalence of β-catenin's active form (rs = 0.634, p < 0.001) in astrocytoma tumor cells. The Wilcoxon test revealed that astrocytoma with higher levels of the active pGSK3β-Y216 form had lower expression levels of its inactive form (p < 0.0001, Z = -5.332). Changes in APC's exon 11 were observed in 44.44% of samples by PCR/RFLP. Astrocytomas with changes of APC had higher H-score values of total β-catenin compared to the group without genetic changes (t = -2.264, p = 0.038). Furthermore, a positive correlation between samples with methylated DKK3 promoter and the expression of active pGSK3β-Y216 (rs = 0.356, p = 0.011) was established. Our results emphasize the importance of methylation for the regulation of Wnt signaling. Large deletions of the APC gene associated with increased β-catenin levels, together with oncogenic effects of both β-catenin and GSK3β, are clearly involved in astrocytoma evolution. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the etiology of gliomas. Further studies should elucidate the clinical and therapeutic relevance of the observed molecular alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Kafka
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 12, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.); (E.B.); (A.-M.J.); (K.P.); (P.B.); (N.N.); (N.P.-Š.)
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence:
| | - Anja Bukovac
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 12, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.); (E.B.); (A.-M.J.); (K.P.); (P.B.); (N.N.); (N.P.-Š.)
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Emilija Brglez
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 12, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.); (E.B.); (A.-M.J.); (K.P.); (P.B.); (N.N.); (N.P.-Š.)
| | - Ana-Marija Jarmek
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 12, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.); (E.B.); (A.-M.J.); (K.P.); (P.B.); (N.N.); (N.P.-Š.)
| | - Karolina Poljak
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 12, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.); (E.B.); (A.-M.J.); (K.P.); (P.B.); (N.N.); (N.P.-Š.)
| | - Petar Brlek
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 12, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.); (E.B.); (A.-M.J.); (K.P.); (P.B.); (N.N.); (N.P.-Š.)
| | - Kamelija Žarković
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 10, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Division of Pathology, University Hospital Center “Zagreb”, Kišpatićeva 12, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Niko Njirić
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 12, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.); (E.B.); (A.-M.J.); (K.P.); (P.B.); (N.N.); (N.P.-Š.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Center “Zagreb”, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Kišpatićeva 12, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nives Pećina-Šlaus
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 12, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.); (E.B.); (A.-M.J.); (K.P.); (P.B.); (N.N.); (N.P.-Š.)
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
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16
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Chu HY, Chen Z, Wang L, Zhang ZK, Tan X, Liu S, Zhang BT, Lu A, Yu Y, Zhang G. Dickkopf-1: A Promising Target for Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:658097. [PMID: 34093545 PMCID: PMC8174842 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.658097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies in a range of cancers have detected elevated levels of the Wnt antagonist Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) in the serum or tumors of patients, and this was frequently associated with a poor prognosis. Our analysis of DKK1 gene profile using data from TCGA also proves the high expression of DKK1 in 14 types of cancers. Numerous preclinical studies have demonstrated the cancer-promoting effects of DKK1 in both in vitro cell models and in vivo animal models. Furthermore, DKK1 showed the ability to modulate immune cell activities as well as the immunosuppressive cancer microenvironment. Expression level of DKK1 is positively correlated with infiltrating levels of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in 20 types of cancers, while negatively associated with CD8+ T cells in 4 of these 20 cancer types. Emerging experimental evidence indicates that DKK1 has been involved in T cell differentiation and induction of cancer evasion of immune surveillance by accumulating MDSCs. Consequently, DKK1 has become a promising target for cancer immunotherapy, and the mechanisms of DKK1 affecting cancers and immune cells have received great attention. This review introduces the rapidly growing body of literature revealing the cancer-promoting and immune regulatory activities of DKK1. In addition, this review also predicts that by understanding the interaction between different domains of DKK1 through computational modeling and functional studies, the underlying functional mechanism of DKK1 could be further elucidated, thus facilitating the development of anti-DKK1 drugs with more promising efficacy in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yin Chu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zihao Chen
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, China.,School of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Luyao Wang
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zong-Kang Zhang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, China.,School of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xinhuan Tan
- Department of Microsurgery (II), Wendeng Hospital of Traditional Chinese Orthopedics and Traumatology of Shandong Province, Wendeng, China
| | - Shuangshuang Liu
- Department of Microsurgery (II), Wendeng Hospital of Traditional Chinese Orthopedics and Traumatology of Shandong Province, Wendeng, China
| | - Bao-Ting Zhang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, China.,School of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Aiping Lu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, China
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17
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Lang SA, Bednarsch J, Joechle K, Amygdalos I, Czigany Z, Heij L, Ulmer TF, Neumann UP. Prognostic biomarkers for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA): state of the art. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 15:497-510. [PMID: 33970740 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2021.1912591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction:Although advances in understanding the molecular basis of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) have been made, surgery is the only curative therapy option and the overall prognosis of patients suffering from the disease remains poor. Therefore, estimation of prognosis based on known and novel biomarkers is essential for therapy guidance of CCA in both, curative and palliative settings.Areas covered:An extensive literature search on biomarkers for CCA with special emphasis on prognosis was performed. Based on this, prognostic biomarkers from serum, tumor tissue and other compartments that are currently in use or under evaluation for CCA were summarized in this review. Furthermore, an overview of new biomarkers was provided including those determined from extracellular vesicles (EVs), metabolites and nucleic acids. Finally, prognostic markers associated with potential new therapy options for the treatment of CCA were summed up.Expert opinion:So far, an optimal prognostic biomarker for CCA has not been described. However, based on the increasing knowledge about the molecular basis of CCA but also due to novel, innovative technologies, a plethora of novel prognostic biomarkers is currently under evaluation and will be available for CCA in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven A Lang
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jan Bednarsch
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Katharina Joechle
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Iakovos Amygdalos
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Zoltan Czigany
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lara Heij
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tom F Ulmer
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulf P Neumann
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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18
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Kim SY, Lee HS, Bang SM, Han DH, Hwang HK, Choi GH, Chung MJ, Kim SU. Serum Dickkopf-1 in Combined with CA 19-9 as a Biomarker of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081828. [PMID: 33921232 PMCID: PMC8069292 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cholangiocarcinoma (CCC) is a rare cancer, but its incidence and mortality have been increased in the past few decades worldwide, representing a global health problem. CCC is usually asymptomatic in early stages and, therefore, often diagnosed when the disease is already in advanced stages, which highly compromises therapeutic options, resulting in a dismal prognosis. The current diagnosis of CCC by non-invasive approaches such as serum biomarker, carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9), is not accurate enough due to the limitations in its low sensitivity, especially at the early stages of the disease. Therefore, new biomarkers with higher sensitivity and specificity are needed. As the clinical significance of dickkopf-related protein-1 (DKK-1) has been reported in various tumors including intrahepatic CCC (ICC), we aimed to identify the diagnostic and prognostic performance of the DKK-1 and its additive effect combined with CA 19-9 in patients with CCC. Abstract Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK-1) has a diagnostic and prognostic value in various malignant tumors. We investigated the diagnostic and prognostic performance of DKK-1 in combination with carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) in cholangiocarcinoma (CCC) patients. Serum DKK-1 levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, area under ROC (AUROC) analyses, Kaplan–Meier method, and Cox proportional hazard model were used to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic performance of DKK-1 in combination with CA 19-9. We checked DKK-1 levels in 356 CCC patients and found that DKK-1 was significantly elevated only in 79 intrahepatic CCC (ICC) patients compared to controls (340.5 vs. 249.8 pg/mL, p = 0.002). The optimal cutoff level of DKK-1 used to identify ICC patients was 258.0 pg/mL (AUROC = 0.637, sensitivity = 59.5%, specificity = 56.9%, positive predictive value (PPV) = 40.5%, negative predictive value (NPV) = 74.0%, positive likelihood ratio (LR) = 1.38, and negative LR = 0.71). Using this cutoff, 47 (59.5%) patients were correctly diagnosed with ICC. DKK-1 in combination with CA 19-9 showed a better diagnostic performance (AUROC = 0.793, sensitivity = 74.7%, specificity = 56.3%, PPV = 45.7, NPV = 81.8, positive LR = 1.71, and negative LR = 0.45) than CA 19-9 alone. The low DKK-1 and CA 19-9 expression group had a significantly longer overall survival (OS) than the high expression group (p = 0.006). The higher level of DKK-1 and CA 19-9 was independently associated with shorter OS (hazard ratio = 3.077, 95% confidence interval 1.389–6.819, p = 0.006). The diagnostic and prognostic performance of DKK-1 in combination with CA 19-9 might be better than those of CA 19-9 alone in ICC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea; (S.-Y.K.); (H.-S.L.); (S.-M.B.)
| | - Hee-Seung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea; (S.-Y.K.); (H.-S.L.); (S.-M.B.)
| | - Seung-Min Bang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea; (S.-Y.K.); (H.-S.L.); (S.-M.B.)
| | - Dai-Hoon Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea; (D.-H.H.); (H.-K.H.); (G.-H.C.)
| | - Ho-Kyoung Hwang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea; (D.-H.H.); (H.-K.H.); (G.-H.C.)
| | - Gi-Hong Choi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea; (D.-H.H.); (H.-K.H.); (G.-H.C.)
| | - Moon-Jae Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea; (S.-Y.K.); (H.-S.L.); (S.-M.B.)
- Correspondence: (M.-J.C.); (S.-U.K.); Tel.: +82-2-2228-8473 (M.-J.C.); +82-2-2228-1944 (S.-U.K.); Fax: +82-2-312-9538 (M.-J.C.); +82-2-393-6884 (S.-U.K.)
| | - Seung-Up Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea; (S.-Y.K.); (H.-S.L.); (S.-M.B.)
- Yonsei Liver Center, Severance Hospital, Seoul 120-752, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.-J.C.); (S.-U.K.); Tel.: +82-2-2228-8473 (M.-J.C.); +82-2-2228-1944 (S.-U.K.); Fax: +82-2-312-9538 (M.-J.C.); +82-2-393-6884 (S.-U.K.)
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Le J, Fu Y, Han Q, Ma Y, Ji H, Wei X, Chen Y, Sun Y, Gao Y, Wu H. Transcriptome Analysis of the Inhibitory Effect of Sennoside A on the Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:566099. [PMID: 33708105 PMCID: PMC7942274 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.566099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sennoside A (SA) is a bioactive component of Rheum officinale Baill. with an activity of irritant laxative, which has been reported to possess therapeutic potential in various diseases or conditions including obesity, insulin resistance, liver steatosis, prostate cancer and pancreatic cancer progression. However, whether SA has therapeutic potential in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment remains elusive. In this study, we treated two HCC cell lines, HepG2 and SMMC-7721 with SA and found that SA selectively inhibited the growth of HCC cells by proliferation assay. SA has a good inhibitory effect on proliferation of HepG2 cells in a concentration dependent manner, but there was no effect on SMMC-7721 cells. Then we conducted transwell assays and transcriptome analysis in HCC cells and examined the effects of SA on HCC in vivo. The results showed that SA significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of HCC. Comparison of RNA-seq transcriptome profiles from control groups and SA-treated groups identified 171 and 264 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells respectively, in which includes 2 overlapping up-regulated DEGs and 12 overlapping down-regulated DEGs between HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells. The qPCR were applied to investigate the transcriptional level of 9 overlapping down-regulated DEGs related to cancer metastasis, and the results were consistent with RNA-seq data. The dominate pathways including Wnt signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, VEGF signaling pathway, and NF-κB signaling pathway were strongly inhibited by SA, which are involved in regulating cancer metastasis. Finally, we confirmed that the downregulation of KRT7 and KRT81 could inhibit HCC metastasis. This study has provided new insight into the understanding of the inhibitory effects and potential targets of SA on the metastasis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamei Le
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Fu
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuqin Han
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujie Ma
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Houlin Ji
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xindong Wei
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Chen
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongning Sun
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueqiu Gao
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Department of Liver Diseases, Central Laboratory, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Cellular Immunity, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hailong Wu
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
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20
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Kim MJ, Huang Y, Park JI. Targeting Wnt Signaling for Gastrointestinal Cancer Therapy: Present and Evolving Views. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3638. [PMID: 33291655 PMCID: PMC7761926 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling governs tissue development, homeostasis, and regeneration. However, aberrant activation of Wnt promotes tumorigenesis. Despite the ongoing efforts to manipulate Wnt signaling, therapeutic targeting of Wnt signaling remains challenging. In this review, we provide an overview of current clinical trials to target Wnt signaling, with a major focus on gastrointestinal cancers. In addition, we discuss the caveats and alternative strategies for therapeutically targeting Wnt signaling for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Jong Kim
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.J.K.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yuanjian Huang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.J.K.); (Y.H.)
| | - Jae-Il Park
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.J.K.); (Y.H.)
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center and Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Program in Genetics and Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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21
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Wijetunga I, McVeigh LE, Charalambous A, Antanaviciute A, Carr IM, Nair A, Prasad KR, Ingram N, Coletta PL. Translating Biomarkers of Cholangiocarcinoma for Theranosis: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102817. [PMID: 33007872 PMCID: PMC7601719 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Bile duct cancers are rare cancers that have poor prospects and limited treatment options. Recently, significant advances have been made in the field of nanomedicine which has allowed new approaches to the diagnosis and treatment (i.e., theranosis) of human diseases. To develop nanomedicines that could earmark or target bile duct cancer, specific proteins (or biomarkers) that are present in bile duct cancer but absent in normal tissues are required. We conducted a systematic search of the published literature for bile duct cancer biomarkers that would be suitable for theranosis. Specialist bioinformatics tools were used to help categorize the resulting data set. To select the most promising biomarkers from the search, biomarkers were ranked according to a theranosis-scoring-system and then evaluated in detail. The biomarkers identified using this approach have the potential to promote targeted nanomedicine-based systems to treat bile duct cancers. Abstract Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a rare disease with poor outcomes and limited research efforts into novel treatment options. A systematic review of CCA biomarkers was undertaken to identify promising biomarkers that may be used for theranosis (therapy and diagnosis). MEDLINE/EMBASE databases (1996–2019) were systematically searched using two strategies to identify biomarker studies of CCA. The PANTHER Go-Slim classification system and STRING network version 11.0 were used to interrogate the identified biomarkers. The TArget Selection Criteria for Theranosis (TASC-T) score was used to rank identified proteins as potential targetable biomarkers for theranosis. The following proteins scored the highest, CA9, CLDN18, TNC, MMP9, and EGFR, and they were evaluated in detail. None of these biomarkers had high sensitivity or specificity for CCA but have potential for theranosis. This review is unique in that it describes the process of selecting suitable markers for theranosis, which is also applicable to other diseases. This has highlighted existing validated markers of CCA that can be used for active tumor targeting for the future development of targeted theranostic delivery systems. It also emphasizes the relevance of bioinformatics in aiding the search for validated biomarkers that could be repurposed for theranosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imeshi Wijetunga
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (I.W.); (L.E.M.); (A.C.); (A.A.); (I.M.C.); (A.N.); (N.I.)
| | - Laura E. McVeigh
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (I.W.); (L.E.M.); (A.C.); (A.A.); (I.M.C.); (A.N.); (N.I.)
| | - Antonia Charalambous
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (I.W.); (L.E.M.); (A.C.); (A.A.); (I.M.C.); (A.N.); (N.I.)
| | - Agne Antanaviciute
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (I.W.); (L.E.M.); (A.C.); (A.A.); (I.M.C.); (A.N.); (N.I.)
| | - Ian M. Carr
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (I.W.); (L.E.M.); (A.C.); (A.A.); (I.M.C.); (A.N.); (N.I.)
| | - Amit Nair
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (I.W.); (L.E.M.); (A.C.); (A.A.); (I.M.C.); (A.N.); (N.I.)
| | - K. Raj Prasad
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, St. James’s University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK;
| | - Nicola Ingram
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (I.W.); (L.E.M.); (A.C.); (A.A.); (I.M.C.); (A.N.); (N.I.)
| | - P. Louise Coletta
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (I.W.); (L.E.M.); (A.C.); (A.A.); (I.M.C.); (A.N.); (N.I.)
- Correspondence:
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22
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Chang YC, Chen MH, Yeh CN, Hsiao M. Omics-Based Platforms: Current Status and Potential Use for Cholangiocarcinoma. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1377. [PMID: 32998289 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) has been identified as a highly malignant cancer that can be transformed from epithelial cells of the bile duct, including intrahepatic, perihilar and extrahepatic. High-resolution imaging tools (abdominal ultrasound, computed tomography and percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage) are recruited for diagnosis. However, the lack of early diagnostic biomarkers and treatment evaluation can lead to serious outcomes and poor prognosis (i.e., CA19-9, MUC5AC). In recent years, scientists have established a large number of omics profiles to reveal underlying mechanisms and networks (i.e., IL-6/STAT3, NOTCH). With these results, we achieved several genomic alteration events (i.e., TP53mut, KRASmut) and epigenetic modifications (i.e., DNA methylation, histone modification) in CCA cells and clinical patients. Moreover, we reviewed candidate gene (such as NF-kB, YAP1) that drive gene transcription factors and canonical pathways through transcriptomics profiles (including microarrays and next-generation sequencing). In addition, the proteomics database also indicates which molecules and their directly binding status could trigger dysfunction signatures in tumorigenesis (carbohydrate antigen 19-9, mucins). Most importantly, we collected metabolomics datasets and pivotal metabolites. These results reflect the pharmacotherapeutic options and evaluate pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics in vitro and in vivo. We reversed the panels and selected many potentially small compounds from the connectivity map and L1000CDS2 system. In this paper, we summarize the prognostic value of each candidate gene and correlate this information with clinical events in CCA. This review can serve as a reference for further research to clearly investigate the complex characteristics of CCA, which may lead to better prognosis, drug repurposing and treatment strategies.
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23
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Goyal L, Sirard C, Schrag M, Kagey MH, Eads JR, Stein S, El-Khoueiry AB, Manji GA, Abrams TA, Khorana AA, Miksad R, Mahalingam D, Zhu AX, Duda DG. Phase I and Biomarker Study of the Wnt Pathway Modulator DKN-01 in Combination with Gemcitabine/Cisplatin in Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:6158-6167. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-1310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Banales JM, Marin JJG, Lamarca A, Rodrigues PM, Khan SA, Roberts LR, Cardinale V, Carpino G, Andersen JB, Braconi C, Calvisi DF, Perugorria MJ, Fabris L, Boulter L, Macias RIR, Gaudio E, Alvaro D, Gradilone SA, Strazzabosco M, Marzioni M, Coulouarn C, Fouassier L, Raggi C, Invernizzi P, Mertens JC, Moncsek A, Rizvi S, Heimbach J, Koerkamp BG, Bruix J, Forner A, Bridgewater J, Valle JW, Gores GJ. Cholangiocarcinoma 2020: the next horizon in mechanisms and management. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 17:557-588. [PMID: 32606456 PMCID: PMC7447603 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-020-0310-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1050] [Impact Index Per Article: 262.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) includes a cluster of highly heterogeneous biliary malignant tumours that can arise at any point of the biliary tree. Their incidence is increasing globally, currently accounting for ~15% of all primary liver cancers and ~3% of gastrointestinal malignancies. The silent presentation of these tumours combined with their highly aggressive nature and refractoriness to chemotherapy contribute to their alarming mortality, representing ~2% of all cancer-related deaths worldwide yearly. The current diagnosis of CCA by non-invasive approaches is not accurate enough, and histological confirmation is necessary. Furthermore, the high heterogeneity of CCAs at the genomic, epigenetic and molecular levels severely compromises the efficacy of the available therapies. In the past decade, increasing efforts have been made to understand the complexity of these tumours and to develop new diagnostic tools and therapies that might help to improve patient outcomes. In this expert Consensus Statement, which is endorsed by the European Network for the Study of Cholangiocarcinoma, we aim to summarize and critically discuss the latest advances in CCA, mostly focusing on classification, cells of origin, genetic and epigenetic abnormalities, molecular alterations, biomarker discovery and treatments. Furthermore, the horizon of CCA for the next decade from 2020 onwards is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus M Banales
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute - Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain.
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, "Instituto de Salud Carlos III"), San Sebastian, Spain.
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Jose J G Marin
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, "Instituto de Salud Carlos III"), San Sebastian, Spain
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM), IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Angela Lamarca
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Pedro M Rodrigues
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute - Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Shahid A Khan
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Lewis R Roberts
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Vincenzo Cardinale
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Carpino
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Jesper B Andersen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Chiara Braconi
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Diego F Calvisi
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Maria J Perugorria
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute - Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, "Instituto de Salud Carlos III"), San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Luca Fabris
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy
- Digestive Disease Section, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Luke Boulter
- MRC-Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rocio I R Macias
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, "Instituto de Salud Carlos III"), San Sebastian, Spain
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM), IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Division of Human Anatomy, Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Alvaro
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Mario Strazzabosco
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy
- Digestive Disease Section, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marco Marzioni
- Clinic of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Universita Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Laura Fouassier
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
| | - Chiara Raggi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Pietro Invernizzi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Center of Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano, Bicocca, Italy
| | - Joachim C Mertens
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anja Moncsek
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sumera Rizvi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Jordi Bruix
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, "Instituto de Salud Carlos III"), San Sebastian, Spain
- Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) group, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomédica (FCRB), IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Forner
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, "Instituto de Salud Carlos III"), San Sebastian, Spain
- Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) group, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomédica (FCRB), IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - John Bridgewater
- Department of Medical Oncology, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Juan W Valle
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Gregory J Gores
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
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Betella I, Turbitt WJ, Szul T, Wu B, Martinez A, Katre A, Wall JA, Norian L, Birrer MJ, Arend R. Wnt signaling modulator DKK1 as an immunotherapeutic target in ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2020; 157:765-774. [PMID: 32192732 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Wnt pathway mutations are a hallmark of endometrioid and clear cell subtypes of epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC). However, no drugs targeting the Wnt pathway in EOC are FDA-approved. Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1), a modulator of the Wnt pathway, has emerged as a promising therapeutic target. We aimed to examine the role of DKK1 and the effects of a monoclonal antibody against DKK1 (DKN-01) in vivo and in a murine model of ovarian cancer. METHODS We examined in vitro the role of DKK1 and the effects of DKK1 inhibition in EOC cell lines. We then studied in vivo the role of DKN-01 and DKK1 overexpression on tumor burden and anti-tumor immune cell populations using the ID8 syngeneic mouse model. RESULTS DKN-01 did not phenotypically alter ES2 cells in vitro; however, DKK1 inhibition promoted Wnt signaling. Tumor burden and immune populations were unchanged in ID8 challenged mice treated with mDKN01. Mice challenged with ID8 cells overexpressing DKK1 had tumor burden similar to controls (p = 0.175). However, the overexpression of DKK1 decreased CD45+ leukocyte infiltration into the peritoneum (p = 0.008) and omentum (p = 0.032), reducing both natural killer (NK) and CD8 T cells, and reducing interferon-gamma (IFNγ) expression on activated CD8 T cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that DKK1 inhibition does not affect tumor growth in the ID8 ovarian cancer model. DKK1 overexpression alters anti-tumor immune populations within the tumor microenvironment. Thus, our findings confirm DKK1 as a new therapeutic target in EOC and suggest that DKK1 inhibition may function best in a combinatorial, immune-modulatory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Betella
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America; Department of Gynecologic Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - William J Turbitt
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Tomasz Szul
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Binghao Wu
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States of America
| | - Alba Martinez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Ashwini Katre
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Jaclyn A Wall
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Lyse Norian
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Michael J Birrer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Arkansas Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Arend
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America.
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Eldeeb MK, Magour GM, Bedair RN, Shamseya MM, Hammouda MA. Study of Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) in patients with chronic viral hepatitis C-related liver cirrhosis with and without hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Exp Hepatol 2020; 6:85-91. [PMID: 32728624 DOI: 10.5114/ceh.2020.95831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim of the study Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) is a secreted protein which acts as an inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. DKK-1 was found to be a helpful biomarker for many cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC is multifactorial in origin and its main etiology in Egypt is attributed to chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Objectives: To assess the serum level and diagnostic performance of DKK-1 and α-fetoprotein (AFP) in Egyptian patients with chronic HCV-related liver cirrhosis with and without HCC. Material and methods 80 subjects were divided into: a control group (group I, 20 healthy volunteers) and two patient groups: group II (HCV with liver cirrhosis, 30 patients), and group III, (HCV-related liver cirrhosis with HCC, 30 patients). Thorough physical examination, triphasic computed tomography, calculation of Child-Pugh score, laboratory investigations (complete blood picture, liver profile, hepatitis B surface antigen, anti-HCV antibodies, AFP (chemiluminometry) and DKK-1 (ELISA) were performed. Results There was a significant decrease in DKK-1 level in HCV patients with liver cirrhosis (group II) and HCV patients with HCC (group III) compared to the control group (group I) (p < 0.001). However, there was a significant increase in DKK-1 level in HCV patients with HCC (group III) compared to HCV patients with liver cirrhosis (group II) (p < 0.033). The ROC curve showed that DKK-1 has less sensitivity but higher specificity in HCV patients with HCC (group III) compared with HCV patients with liver cirrhosis (group II). Conclusions The combination of DKK-1 and AFP could further improve the diagnostic accuracy of HCV-related cirrhosis with or without HCC.
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27
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Abstract
As an antagonist for the WNT signal passway, dickkopf-1(DKK1) have a great important role in the occurence and development of various type cancer. The present paper performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the predictive significance of DKK1 in cancer.To assess the relationship between the expression of DKK1 and prognostic role in human cancers, a total of 16 articals were screened from the multiple online databases (Pubmed, EMBASE, CNKI, Web of Science and Google Scholar) in our study. By using the STATA soft,pooled hazard ratio and 95% confidence intervals of overall survival (OS), progression-free survival, disease-free survival and time to recurrence were used to evaluate the strength of this relationship.The meta-analysis showed that higher expression of DKK1 was significantly associated with shorter OS in cancer patients. In stratified analyzes, the higher expression of DKK1 could reduced the OS in patients with breast cancer,digestive system cancer and urogenital system cancer, but not patients with the lung cancer. It also showed that higher expression of DKK1 was significantly associated with shorter progression-free survival, disease-free survival and time to recurrence in cancer patients.The present study indicate that higher expression of DKK1 predict an unfavorable clinical outcome in patients with breast cancer, digestive system cancer and urogenital system cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfang Huang
- Department of general medicine of Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital
| | - Tao Lu
- Clinical Laboratory Center of Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medcine, Shaoxing, China
| | - Wenbing Kuang
- Department of laboratory of Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital
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28
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Yamazaki M, Maruyama S, Abé T, Tsuneki M, Kato H, Izumi K, Tanuma JI, Cheng J, Saku T. Rac1-dependent phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by oral squamous cell carcinoma cells: A possible driving force for tumor progression. Exp Cell Res 2020; 392:112013. [PMID: 32320683 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Apoptotic cell death frequently occurs in human cancer tissues including oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), wherein apoptotic tumor cells are phagocytosed not only by macrophages but also by neighboring tumor cells. We previously reported that the engulfment of apoptotic SCC cells by neighboring SCC cells frequently occurs at the invading front. Therefore, we hypothesized that the phagocytosis of these apoptotic cells by tumor cells contributes to disease progression. Herein, using cultured oral SCC cells, we aimed to confirm whether tumor cells actually phagocytose apoptotic cells and to examine whether cellular activities are regulated by the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. Co-culture experiments showed that living cells could ingest apoptotic cells into phagolysosomes. NSC23766, an inhibitor of Rac1, which is a key regulator of phagocytic cup formation in professional phagocytes, dramatically suppressed the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by living cells. Additionally, cell migration and the secretion of DKK1, a tumor-promoting protein, were enhanced by co-culture with apoptotic cells, whereas NSC23766 inhibited these effects. These results show that tumor cells can actively phagocytose apoptotic neighbors in a Rac1-dependent manner and that such activity increases their migration. The regulation of apoptotic cell phagocytosis thus represents new directions for therapeutic intervention for oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Yamazaki
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Maruyama
- Oral Pathology Section, Department of Surgical Pathology, Niigata University Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Abé
- Division of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masayuki Tsuneki
- Oral Pathology Section, Department of Surgical Pathology, Niigata University Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroko Kato
- Division of Biomimetics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan; Research Center for Advanced Oral Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Japan
| | - Kenji Izumi
- Division of Biomimetics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Tanuma
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Jun Cheng
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takashi Saku
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan; Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
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Tian M, Liu W, Tao C, Tang Z, Zhou Y, Song S, Jin L, Wang H, Jiang X, Zhou P, Fang Y, Qu W, Ding Z, Peng Y, Fu X, Qiu S, Zhou J, Fan J, Shi Y. Prediction of overall survival in resectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: IS ICC -applied prediction model. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:1084-1092. [PMID: 31971309 PMCID: PMC7156843 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) remains a highly heterogeneous disease with poor prognosis. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes were predictive in various cancers, but their prognostic value in ICC is less clear. A total of 168 ICC patients who had received liver resection were enrolled and assigned to the derivation cohort. Sixteen immune markers in tumor and peritumor regions were examined by immunohistochemistry. A least absolute shrinkage and selection operator model was used to identify prognostic markers and to establish an immune signature for ICC (ISICC ). An ISICC -applied prediction model was built and validated in another independent dataset. Five immune features, including CD3peritumor (P) , CD57P , CD45RAP , CD66bintratumoral (T) and PD-L1P , were identified and integrated into an individualized ISICC for each patient. Seven prognostic predictors, including total bilirubin, tumor numbers, CEA, CA19-9, GGT, HBsAg and ISICC , were integrated into the final model. The C-index of the ISICC -applied prediction model was 0.719 (95% CI, 0.660-0.777) in the derivation cohort and 0.667 (95% CI, 0.581-0.732) in the validation cohort. Compared with the conventional staging systems, the new model presented better homogeneity and a lower Akaike information criteria value in ICC. The ISICC -applied prediction model may provide a better prediction performance for the overall survival of patients with resectable ICC in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxin Tian
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiren Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenyang Tao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shushu Song
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Jin
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xifei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiyun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weifeng Qu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenbin Ding
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanfei Peng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiutao Fu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuangjian Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Fan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinghong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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30
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Sui Q, Zheng J, Liu D, Peng J, Ou Q, Tang J, Li Y, Kong L, Jiang W, Xiao B, Chao X, Pan Z, Zhang H, Ding PR. Dickkopf-related protein 1, a new biomarker for local immune status and poor prognosis among patients with colorectal liver Oligometastases: a retrospective study. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:1210. [PMID: 31830954 PMCID: PMC6909492 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6399-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It was reported that tumor-expressed dickkopf-related (DKK) proteins affect micro-environment. However, the influence of DKK1 on colorectal cancer (CRC) liver oligometastases (CRCLOM) remains unclear. Methods CRC cases after resection of liver oligometastases were enrolled in Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center with intact clinical data. Serum DKK1 was detected by ELISA assay. Immunofluorescent staining examination for CD3 and CD8 in slices were also conducted. Results Among 65 patients included, the recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were significantly better in the low serum DKK1 group (RFS: P = 0.021; OS: P = 0.043). DKK1 was overexpressed in stage IV CRC patients in TCGA data. The number of CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in invasive margin of CRC liver oligometastases was significantly higher in low serum DKK1 group (P = 0.042). Conclusion Elevated serum DKK1 level was associated with poorer RFS and OS, and less CD8+ TILs in invasive margin in CRC liver oligometastases. DKK1 might serve as a supplementalprognostic factor for clinical risk score and a potential target for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoqi Sui
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Dingxin Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jianhong Peng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Qingjian Ou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jinghua Tang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Lingheng Kong
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Wu Jiang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Binyi Xiao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xue Chao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Zhizhong Pan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Huizhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China. .,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Pei-Rong Ding
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
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31
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Zhang R, Lin HM, Broering R, Shi XD, Yu XH, Xu LB, Wu WR, Liu C. Dickkopf-1 contributes to hepatocellular carcinoma tumorigenesis by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2019; 4:54. [PMID: 31839998 PMCID: PMC6895114 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-019-0082-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1) expression has been reported in a variety of human cancers. We previously reported that DKK1 was upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the role of DKK1 in HCC remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the clinical significance and biological functions of DKK1 in HCC. The expression of DKK1 was examined in cirrhotic and HCC tissues by immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). DKK1 was silenced or overexpressed in HCC cell lines, and in vitro and in vivo studies were performed. Immunohistochemistry revealed that DKK1 was weakly expressed in cirrhotic tissues (8/22, 36.4%) but upregulated in HCC tissues (48/53, 90.6%, cohort 1). Significant upregulation of DKK1 was observed in 57.6% (19/33, cohort 2) of HCC tissues by qRT-PCR, and the expression of DKK1 was associated with tumor size (P = 0.024) and tumor number (P = 0.019). Genetic depletion of DKK1 impaired the proliferation, colony-forming ability, invasion, and tumor formation of HCC cells (HepG2 and HUH-7). Conversely, forced expression of DKK1 increased the proliferation, colony-forming ability, and invasion of HepG2 and HUH-7 cells in vitro and enhanced tumor formation in vivo. Subsequent investigation revealed that the DKK1-mediated proliferation and tumorigenicity of HepG2 and HUH-7 cells is dependent on the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. These findings indicate that DKK1 plays an oncogenic role in HCC by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120 Guangzhou, China
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Hao-Ming Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120 Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruth Broering
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Xiang-de Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120 Guangzhou, China
| | - Xian-huan Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120 Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei-bo Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120 Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-rui Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120 Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120 Guangzhou, China
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32
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Tian MX, Zhou YF, Qu WF, Liu WR, Jin L, Jiang XF, Wang H, Tao CY, Zhou PY, Fang Y, Ding ZB, Peng YF, Zhou J, Fan J, Shi YH. Histopathology-based immunoscore predicts recurrence for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma after hepatectomy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2019; 68:1369-1378. [PMID: 31338558 PMCID: PMC11028083 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-019-02371-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a rare malignancy with poor prognosis. The evaluation of recurrence risk after liver resection is of great importance for ICCs. We aimed to assess the prognostic value of intra- and peritumoral immune infiltrations and to establish a novel histopathology-related immunoscore (HRI) associated with ICC recurrence. A total of 280 ICC patients who received curative resection between February 2005 and July 2011 were enrolled in our study. Patients were randomly assigned to the derivation cohort (n = 176) or the validation cohort (n = 104). Sixteen immune biomarkers in both intra- and peritumoral tissues were examined by immunohistochemistry. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox model was used to establish the HRI score. Cox regression analysis was used for multivariate analysis. Nine recurrence-related immune features were identified and integrated into the HRI score. The HRI score was used to categorize patients into low-risk and high-risk groups using the X-tile software. Kaplan-Meier analysis presented that the HRI score showed good stratification between low-risk and high-risk groups in both the derivation cohort (P < 0.001) and the validation cohort (P = 0.014), respectively. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that serum γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, carbohydrate antigen 19-9, lymphoid metastasis, tumor numbers, and the HRI score were independent risk factors associated with recurrence-free survival (RFS). The combination of Shen's model and HRI score provided better performance in recurrence prediction compared with traditional staging systems. The HRI score might serve as a promising RFS predictor for ICC with prognostic values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Xin Tian
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Fu Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Feng Qu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Ren Liu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Jin
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi-Fei Jiang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen-Yang Tao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei-Yun Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Bin Ding
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan-Fei Peng
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Fan
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Hong Shi
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
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Macias RIR, Kornek M, Rodrigues PM, Paiva NA, Castro RE, Urban S, Pereira SP, Cadamuro M, Rupp C, Loosen SH, Luedde T, Banales JM. Diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in cholangiocarcinoma. Liver Int 2019; 39 Suppl 1:108-122. [PMID: 30843325 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The high mortality rate of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is due, in part, to the lack of non-invasive approaches able to accurately detect this silent tumour at early stages, when therapeutic options can be potentially curative or may at least increase the overall survival of patients. The fact that the majority of CCA tumours are not linked to any known aetiological factor highly compromises the monitoring of patients at risk for tumour development and also their early diagnosis. Combination of clinical/biochemical features, imaging techniques and analysis of non-specific tumour biomarkers in serum are commonly used to help in the diagnosis of CCA, but tumour biopsy is usually required to confirm the diagnosis. Moreover, no prognostic biomarkers are currently used in the clinical setting, deserving more innovative research, and international validation and consensus. Important efforts have been made in the last few years to identify accurate non-invasive biomarkers, by using innovative techniques and high-throughput omics technologies. This review summarizes and discusses the advances in the investigation of novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in CCA and envisions the future directions in this field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio I R Macias
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM), University of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain.,Centre for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miroslaw Kornek
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, German Armed Forces Central Hospital, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Pedro M Rodrigues
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Nuno A Paiva
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Rui E Castro
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sabine Urban
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stephen P Pereira
- Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Christian Rupp
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Medical University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sven H Loosen
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tom Luedde
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Hepatobiliary Oncology, University Hospital RWTH, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jesus M Banales
- Centre for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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34
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Zhang MX, Gan W, Jing CY, Zheng SS, Yi Y, Zhang J, Xu X, Lin JJ, Zhang BH, Qiu SJ. S100A11 promotes cell proliferation via P38/MAPK signaling pathway in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Mol Carcinog 2018; 58:19-30. [PMID: 30182496 PMCID: PMC6587853 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
S100A11 is reported to associate with progression and poor prognosis in several tumors. We previously reported that S100A11 was highly expressed in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) cells and promoted TGF-β1-induced EMT through SMAD2/3 signaling pathway. Here, we explored the prognostic role of S100A11 on ICC patients and preliminary molecular mechanisms how S100A11 regulated ICC cell proliferation. Our results showed that S100A11 was obviously increased in ICC tumor tissues. High expression of S100A11 was closely correlated with lymph node metastasis (LNM) and TNM stage and was an independent risk factor for patients' overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS). The nomograms comprising LNM and S100A11 achieved better predictive accuracy compared with TNM staging system for OS and RFS prediction. Silencing S100A11 significantly suppressed RBE cells and HCCC9810 cells proliferation, colony formation, and activation of P38/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway in vitro and inhibited tumor growth in vivo. In contrast, the overexpression of S100A11 in RBE cells and HCCC9810 cells achieved the opposite results. S100A11-induced proliferation was abolished after treatment with P38 inhibitor. Our findings suggest S100A11/P38/MAPK signaling pathway may be a potential therapeutic target for ICC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Xia Zhang
- The Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital and Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, The Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Wei Gan
- The Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital and Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, The Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Chu-Yu Jing
- The Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital and Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, The Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Su-Su Zheng
- The Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital and Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, The Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yong Yi
- The Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital and Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, The Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Juan Zhang
- The Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital and Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, The Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xin Xu
- The Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital and Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, The Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Jia Lin
- The Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital and Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, The Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Bo-Heng Zhang
- The Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital and Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Shuang-Jian Qiu
- The Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital and Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, The Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Luo L, Hong X, Diao B, Chen S, Hei M. Sulfur dioxide attenuates hypoxia-induced pulmonary arteriolar remodeling via Dkk1/Wnt signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:692-698. [PMID: 29990860 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the impact of SO2 on rats with hypoxic pulmonary vascular structural remodeling and its possible mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pulmonary vascular morphological change was examined by HE staining. RNA-based high-throughput sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed to detect differential expression of mRNAs in Normal and Hypoxia-induced Pulmonary hypertension (HPH) rats. The Real-time quantitative RT-PCR (q RT-PCR) was used for validation of wnt7b, sfrp2, cacna1f, DKK1, CaSR and vimentin mRNA expression levels. Protein levels of CaSR, Vimentin, Caspase3, E-cadherin and P-Akt1/2/3 were detected by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS This study showed that SO2 significantly attenuated the interstitial thickening and prominent media hypertrophy of pulmonary arteries. SO2 downregulated p-Akt1/2/3 protein level and upregulated E-cadherin protein level in lung tissues, which inhibited the proliferation and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in HPH rats. RNA-seq and PCR validation results showed that levels of Wnt7b, Sfrp2 and Cacna1f mRNAs decreased and Dkk1 mRNA level increased obviously in HPH rats. Moreover, SO2 attenuated the mRNA and protein level of CaSR, which was activated in HPH rats and resulted in the proliferation of PASMCs. Besides, the mRNA and protein expression of vimentin in PASMCs significantly reduced after SO2 treatment. CONCLUSION Together, these findings indicate that SO2 could attenuate hypoxia-induced pulmonary arteriolar remodeling and may suppress the proliferation and migration of PASMCs at least in part through the Dkk1/Wnt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liman Luo
- Department of Paediatrics, The 306th Hospital of PLA, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiaoyang Hong
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, BaYi Children's Hospital of PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Bo Diao
- Department of Clinical Experiment, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command & Hubei Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Tumor and Intervention, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Siyao Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute and Guangdong Academy of Medical Science, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Mingyan Hei
- Neonatal Center, Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100045, China.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) represents the second most common primary liver malignancy. The incidence rate has constantly increased over the last decades and CCA patients face a dismal prognosis with a 5-year survival rate of less than 5% for advanced stage of disease. Surgical tumor resection has remained the only potentially curative treatment option in daily practice but is often not feasible due to advanced disease stage at initial diagnosis. SUMMARY The early detection of cholangiocarcinoma is essential to provide patients with a potentially curative treatment. Furthermore, prognostic biomarkers represent a valuable tool to offer patients a tailored therapeutic approach in accordance to their life expectancy. The clinically most established biomarker carbohydrate antigen 19-9 shows only a limited diagnostic and prognostic power, encouraging the evaluation of novel biomarkers for cholangiocarcinoma in the last years. Key Massage: In this review, we assess currently available and potential future biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of cholangicarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven H Loosen
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mihael Vucur
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Hepatobiliary Oncology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Roderburg
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tom Luedde
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Hepatobiliary Oncology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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37
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Fatai AA, Gamieldien J. A 35-gene signature discriminates between rapidly- and slowly-progressing glioblastoma multiforme and predicts survival in known subtypes of the cancer. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:377. [PMID: 29614978 PMCID: PMC5883543 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4103-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene expression can be employed for the discovery of prognostic gene or multigene signatures cancer. In this study, we assessed the prognostic value of a 35-gene expression signature selected by pathway and machine learning based methods in adjuvant therapy-linked glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients from the Cancer Genome Atlas. METHODS Genes with high expression variance was subjected to pathway enrichment analysis and those having roles in chemoradioresistance pathways were used in expression-based feature selection. A modified Support Vector Machine Recursive Feature Elimination algorithm was employed to select a subset of these genes that discriminated between rapidly-progressing and slowly-progressing patients. RESULTS Survival analysis on TCGA samples not used in feature selection and samples from four GBM subclasses, as well as from an entirely independent study, showed that the 35-gene signature discriminated between the survival groups in all cases (p<0.05) and could accurately predict survival irrespective of the subtype. In a multivariate analysis, the signature predicted progression-free and overall survival independently of other factors considered. CONCLUSION We propose that the performance of the signature makes it an attractive candidate for further studies to assess its utility as a clinical prognostic and predictive biomarker in GBM patients. Additionally, the signature genes may also be useful therapeutic targets to improve both progression-free and overall survival in GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azeez A Fatai
- South African Bioinformatics Institute and SAMRC Unit for Bioinformatics Capacity Development, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, 7535, Western Cape, 7530, South Africa
| | - Junaid Gamieldien
- South African Bioinformatics Institute and SAMRC Unit for Bioinformatics Capacity Development, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, 7535, Western Cape, 7530, South Africa.
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38
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Shuang Z, Mao Y, Lin G, Wang J, Huang X, Chen J, Duan F, Li S. Alpha-L-Fucosidase Serves as a Prognostic Indicator for Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma and Inhibits Its Invasion Capacity. Biomed Res Int 2018; 2018:8182575. [PMID: 29682557 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8182575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-L-fucosidase (AFU) has been reported to be a predictor of survival in patients with several cancers, but it is unclear whether AFU is associated with prognosis in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA). In this study, we used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to generate the cutoff point of AFU for overall survival (OS). The prognostic influence of the AFU level in serum on OS was studied using Kaplan-Meier curves. Moreover, invasion assays and Western blotting were performed to explore the effects of AFU on iCCA invasion in vitro. We found that higher AFU levels (≥20.85 U/L) were significantly associated with favorable median OS (44.3 months versus 20.1 months; P = 0.022) in iCCA patients. Cox regression models' analyses showed that the AFU level was an independent predictor for OS (P = 0.006). Moreover, our results revealed that the AFU could impair the invasion capability of the iCCA cells, HuH28, and also downregulated the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 and matrix metalloproteinase 9. In conclusion, our results indicate that AFU is a significantly favorable prognostic factor in iCCA patients.
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39
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Shi XD, Yu XH, Wu WR, Xu XL, Wang JY, Xu LB, Zhang R, Liu C. Dickkopf-1 expression is associated with tumorigenity and lymphatic metastasis in human hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:70378-70387. [PMID: 27608843 PMCID: PMC5342559 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) is involved in tumorigenesis and the invasion of several tumors. However, its biological function in human hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HCCA) has not yet been documented. This study was designed to investigate the clinical significance and biological function of DKK1 in HCCA. The expression of DKK1 was investigated in thirty-seven human HCCA biopsy samples by immunohistochemistry. To further explore the biological effects of DKK1 in HCCA, transient and stable knockdown of DKK1 in two human HCCA cells (QBC939 and FRH0201) were established using small interfering or short hairpin RNA expression vector. In the present study, immunohistochemistry revealed that DKK1 was up-regulated in human HCCA tissues (24/37, 64.9%). High levels of DKK1 in human HCCA correlated with metastasis to the hilar lymph nodes (P=0.038). Genetic depletion of DKK1 in HCCA cells resulted in significantly inhibited proliferation, colony formation and migration compared with controls. Most importantly, DKK1 down-regulation impaired tumor formation capacity of HCCA cells in vivo. Subsequent investigations revealed that β-catenin is an important target of DKK1 and DKK1 exerts its pro-invasion function at least in part through the β-catenin/ matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) signaling pathway. Consistently, in human HCCA tissues, DKK1 level was positively correlated with β-catenin and MMP-7 expression, as well as tumor hilar lymphatic metastasis. Taken together, our findings indicate that DKK1 may be a crucial regulator in the tumorigenicity and invasion of human HCCA, DKK1 exerts its pro-invasion function at least in part through the β-catenin/ MMP-7 signaling pathway, suggesting DKK1 as a potential therapeutic target for HCCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-de Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Xian-Huan Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Wen-Rui Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jie-Yu Wang
- Department of Hematology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Lei-Bo Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, 45147, Germany
| | - Chao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
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Kagey MH, He X. Rationale for targeting the Wnt signalling modulator Dickkopf-1 for oncology. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:4637-4650. [PMID: 28574171 PMCID: PMC5727329 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt signalling is a fundamental pathway involved in embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis. Mutations in the pathway frequently lead to developmental defects and cancer. As such, therapeutic intervention of this pathway has generated tremendous interest. Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) is a secreted inhibitor of β-catenin-dependent Wnt signalling and was originally characterized as a tumour suppressor based on the prevailing view that Wnt signalling promotes cancer pathogenesis. However, DKK1 appears to increase tumour growth and metastasis in preclinical models and its elevated expression correlates with a poor prognosis in a range of cancers, indicating that DKK1 has more complex cellular and biological functions than originally appreciated. Here, we review current evidence for the cancer-promoting activity of DKK1 and recent insights into the effects of DKK1 on signalling pathways in both cancer and immune cells. We discuss the rationale and promise of targeting DKK1 for oncology. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on WNT Signalling: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.24/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xi He
- The F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
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Zhao Y, Gao Q, Pei L, Wang C, Jin L, Liao F. Current Status and Future Prospects of Biomarkers in the Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Biol Markers 2017; 32:361-9. [PMID: 28967065 DOI: 10.5301/ijbm.5000299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has one of the highest death rates of any cancer in the world, and its incidence is increasing worldwide. Early-stage diagnosis of HCC is thus crucial for medical treatment. Detection of tumor biomarkers is one of the main methods for the early diagnosis of HCC. At present, α-fetoprotein (AFP) is the most practical serum biomarker for HCC diagnosis. However, the diagnostic accuracy of HCC with serum AFP exhibits both sensitivity and specificity far below satisfaction, especially with small sizes of HCC. As a result, the discovery of new biomarkers and/or their combination to enhance both the sensitivity and specificity for laboratory diagnosis of HCC is a crucial goal. With the development of new technology and advances in research, a number of new and specific biomarkers of HCC have been discovered. These biomarkers and their applications for the diagnosis, treatment monitoring and prognosis prediction of HCC, are reviewed in this article.
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Yan X, Li Q, Ni D, Xie Y, He Q, Wan Q, Liu Y, Lyu Z, Mao Z, Zhou Q. Apobec-1 complementation factor regulates cell migration and apoptosis through Dickkopf1 by acting on its 3′ untranslated region in MCF7 cells. Tumour Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1010428317706218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yan
- The College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Division of Molecular Nephrology and the Creative Training Center for Undergraduates, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, The College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qianyin Li
- Division of Molecular Nephrology and the Creative Training Center for Undergraduates, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, The College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongsheng Ni
- The College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Division of Molecular Nephrology and the Creative Training Center for Undergraduates, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, The College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yajun Xie
- Division of Molecular Nephrology and the Creative Training Center for Undergraduates, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, The College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingling He
- Division of Molecular Nephrology and the Creative Training Center for Undergraduates, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, The College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qianya Wan
- Division of Molecular Nephrology and the Creative Training Center for Undergraduates, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, The College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yamin Liu
- Division of Molecular Nephrology and the Creative Training Center for Undergraduates, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, The College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhongshi Lyu
- Division of Molecular Nephrology and the Creative Training Center for Undergraduates, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, The College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhaomin Mao
- Division of Molecular Nephrology and the Creative Training Center for Undergraduates, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, The College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Division of Molecular Nephrology and the Creative Training Center for Undergraduates, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, The College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Qiao R, Zhong R, Chang Q, Teng J, Pei J, Han B, Chu T. Serum dickkopf-1 as a clinical and prognostic factor in non-small cell lung cancer patients with bone metastases. Oncotarget 2017; 8:79469-79479. [PMID: 29108326 PMCID: PMC5668059 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The study was designed to evaluate the association between serum dickkopf-1 (DKK1) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) bone metastases. Materials and Methods Serum DKK1 levels were quantified in 470 NSCLC patients, 140 with osseous metastases, 178 with extraosseous metastases, and 152 with early stage in complete remission. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve enabled us to identify a threshold value to distinguish patients with bone metastases. Results Serum DKK1 levels in patients with osseous metastases were significantly higher than in the other 2 groups (P < 0.001). ROC curves showed that the optimum cutoff was 311.8 pg/ml (area under curve 0.791, 95% confidence interval 0.739–0.843, sensitivity 77.1% and specificity 71.4%). Of interest, serum DKK1 correlated with the number of bone lesions (P = 0.042) and associated with the poor survival in NSCLC patients with osseous metastases (P = 0.029). Conclusions Our data shows that serum DKK1 can be used for the detection of NSCLC bone metastases. More importantly this is the first report to show that serum DKK1 is a good predictor of poor prognosis in NSCLC patients with bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Qiao
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Runbo Zhong
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Chang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajun Teng
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Pei
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Baohui Han
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianqing Chu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China
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Liu S, Jiang B, Li H, He Z, Lv P, Peng C, Wang Y, Cheng W, Xu Z, Chen W, Liu Z, Zhang B, Shen S, Xiang S. Wip1 is associated with tumorigenity and metastasis through MMP-2 in human intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:56672-56683. [PMID: 28915621 PMCID: PMC5593592 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Wip1 has been shown to correlate with the metastasis/invasion of several tumors. This study was designed to investigate the clinical significance and biological function of Wip1 in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). The expression of Wip1 was investigated in sixty human ICC biopsy samples by immunohistochemistry. Transient and stable knockdown of Wip1 in two human ICC cells (ICC-9810 and SSP25) were established using short hairpin RNA expression vector. Immunohistochemistry revealed that Wip1 was up-regulated in human ICC tissues (47/60, 78.3%). High levels of Wip1 in human ICC correlated with metastasis to the lymph metastasis (P=0.022). Genetic depletion of Wip1 in ICC cells resulted in significantly inhibited proliferation and invasion compared with controls. Most importantly, Wip1 down-regulation impaired tumor migration capacity of ICC cells in vivo. Subsequent investigations revealed that matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) is an important target of Wip1. Consistently, in human ICC tissues, Wip1 level was positively correlated with MMP-2 expression. Taken together, our founding indicates that Wip1 may be a crucial regulator in the tumorigenicity and invasion of human ICC, Wip1 exerts its pro-invasion function at least in part through the MMP-2 signaling pathway, suggesting Wip1 as a potential therapeutic target for ICC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulai Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery/Hunan Research Center of Biliary Disease, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery/Hunan Research Center of Biliary Disease, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery/Hunan Research Center of Biliary Disease, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zili He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery/Hunan Research Center of Biliary Disease, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Pin Lv
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery/Hunan Research Center of Biliary Disease, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuang Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery/Hunan Research Center of Biliary Disease, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery/Hunan Research Center of Biliary Disease, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery/Hunan Research Center of Biliary Disease, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengquan Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Thoracic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengkai Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery/Hunan Research Center of Biliary Disease, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bao Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery/Hunan Research Center of Biliary Disease, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengqian Shen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery/Hunan Research Center of Biliary Disease, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuanglin Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of State Education Ministry of China, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
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Rahnemai-Azar AA, Weisbrod A, Dillhoff M, Schmidt C, Pawlik TM. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: Molecular markers for diagnosis and prognosis. Surg Oncol 2017; 26:125-137. [PMID: 28577718 DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is the second most common primary liver tumor with increasing incidence worldwide. The outcome of patients with iCCA is dismal owing to tumor's aggressiveness, late diagnosis and lack of effective treatment options. Detection of the tumor at early stages may make surgical resection, as only potential curative treatment, more feasible. Unfortunately, despite recent developments in imaging modalities and laboratory tests, the diagnosis of iCCA remains challenging and patients often present in advanced stages when surgery cannot be offered. Moreover, accurate assessment of disease burden is critical to optimize management strategy, including the use of adjuvant therapies and clinical trials. Identifying iCCA specific diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers has been a focus of interest among many investigators with a progressive increase in data on iCCA related to advances in "omics" technologies. We herein summarize iCCA biomarkers and define the molecular mechanisms underlying iCCA carcinogenesis, as well as highlight potential diagnostic and prognostic application of molecular biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir A Rahnemai-Azar
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Allison Weisbrod
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mary Dillhoff
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Carl Schmidt
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Timothy M Pawlik
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Chen MY, Zhang H, Jiang JX, Sun CY, Yu C, Tian S. Depletion of STYK1 inhibits intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma development both in vitro and in vivo. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:14173-14181. [PMID: 27542675 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5188-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) has been reported to be the second most common primary hepatic carcinoma worldwide, and very limited therapies are currently available. Serine threonine tyrosine kinase (STYK1), a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase family, exhibits tumorigenicity in many types of cancers and is a potential therapeutic target for ICC. In this study, STYK1 was knocked down in the ICC cell lines HCCC-9810 and RBE via a lentivirus-mediated system using short hairpin RNA (shRNA). Next, cell proliferation, colony formation, cell cycle progression, tumor formation in nude mice, migration and invasion, and the expression levels of cell cycle proteins in Lv-sh STYK1- or Lv-sh Con-infected cells were analyzed by CCK-8 assay, colony formation evaluation, flow cytometry, tumor formation evaluation, wound scratch assay, transwell assay, and western blotting. The results indicated that depletion of STYK1 inhibits ICC development both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Yuan Chen
- Department of Biliary-Hepatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Biliary-Hepatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Jian-Xin Jiang
- Department of Biliary-Hepatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang, 550001, China.
| | - Cheng-Yi Sun
- Department of Biliary-Hepatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang, 550001, China.
| | - Chao Yu
- Department of Biliary-Hepatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - She Tian
- Department of Biliary-Hepatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang, 550001, China
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Zhou J, Jiang J, Wang S, Xia X. DKK1 inhibits proliferation and migration in human retinal pigment epithelial cells via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:859-863. [PMID: 27446288 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells play important roles in diabetic retinopathy (DR). Dickkopf 1 (DKK1) has been reported to be important in the regulation of cell proliferation and migration. However, there are few previous studies regarding DKK1 in RPE cells. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the effect of DKK1 on the proliferation and migration of human RPE cells, and the signaling mechanisms underlying these effects. The results showed that the overexpression of DKK1 significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of ARPE-19 cells. In addition, overexpression of DKK1 markedly inhibited the expression of β-catenin and cyclin D1 in ARPE-19 cells. Collectively, the present findings suggest that the overexpression of DKK1 inhibited the proliferation and migration of RPE cells by suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Therefore, DKK1 are able to augment the growth of human RPE, and further studies are warranted to investigate the effects of DKK1 effects on DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzi Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Shuhong Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobo Xia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
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Abstract
Tumor biomarkers can be applied for early diagnosis or precise treatment, thereby leading to personalized treatment and better outcomes. Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) are a group of cancers that occurs in different locations and have different clinical or genetic properties. Though the incidence of BTCs is rare, BTCs are among the most lethal cancers in the world and all have very low 5-year survivals. Lack of efficient early diagnostic approaches or adjuvant therapies for BTCs are main reasons. These urge us to broaden the researches into BTC biomarkers. Although few progresses of diagnostic biomarkers for BTCs have been achieved, there are still some advances in prognostic, predictive and therapeutic areas. In this review, we will focus on these achievements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hosptial, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, PR China.
| | - Baobing Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hosptial, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, PR China; Department of General Surgery, Jing'an Branch of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University (Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai), Shanghai 200040, PR China.
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van Walraven C, McAlister FA. Competing risk bias was common in Kaplan–Meier risk estimates published in prominent medical journals. J Clin Epidemiol 2016; 69:170-3.e8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Yu Y, Chen Y, Ma J, Yu X, Yu G, Li Z. SPARCL1 is a novel predictor of tumor recurrence and survival in hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:4159-67. [PMID: 26490986 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4206-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteines-like protein 1 (SPARCL1) has been implicated in tumor initiation, formation, and progression of various cancers, yet its role in hilar cholangiocarcinoma remains largely uncharacterized. In the present study, tissue microarrays containing resected hilar cholangiocarcinoma specimens from 92 patients were used to evaluate the expression of SPARCL1 protein by immunohistochemistry (IHC). In vitro assays were used to determine the effect of SPARCL1 overexpression on cell growth and migration. Loss of SPARCL1 expression was observed in 46 (50.0 %) of the 92 primary tumors. SPARCL1 expression is inversely associated with poorly or undifferentiation specimens (P = 0.030) in addition to lymph node metastasis (P = 0.047). Survival analysis demonstrated that SPARCL1 is an independent factor in predicting the outcome of patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma. SPARCL1 overexpression suppressed tumor cell migration in vitro by inhibiting MMP-9, MMP-2, Vimentin, and Fibronectin expression, whereas did not inhibit cell proliferation in vitro. Our results suggest that loss of SPARCL1 is involved in the tumorigenesis of hilar cholangiocarcinoma and may serve as a novel molecular biomarker for patients' outcome.
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