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Chen C, Jamieson JW, Tunnicliffe V. Hydrothermal vent fauna of the Galápagos Rift: updated species list with new records. Mar Biodivers 2024; 54:16. [PMID: 38371229 PMCID: PMC10869388 DOI: 10.1007/s12526-024-01408-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The sighting of giant bivalves and tubeworms at the Rose Garden vent field on the Galápagos Rift in 1977 marked the discovery of hydrothermal vents, a turning point for modern biology. The following decade saw a flurry of taxonomic descriptions of vent endemic species from the first vents. With the finding of high-temperature "black smokers" on the East Pacific Rise, exploration shifted away from Galápagos. A faunal list of Galápagos vents with 65 species was published in 1991, then updated to 74 species in 2006. Since then, few expeditions returned to the Galápagos Rift. Here, we revisited several Galápagos vents including recently confirmed high-temperature sites and inactive sulfide mounds. From our collecting efforts and observations, as well as revisions from the literature, we update the faunal list to 92 species including 15 new records, restricted to obvious vent associates. Accurate regional faunal lists are important for understanding the biogeography of vent fauna, and our list will also be valuable for setting management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Chen
- X-STAR, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061 Japan
| | - John W. Jamieson
- Department of Earth Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland A1B 3X5 Canada
| | - Verena Tunnicliffe
- Department of Biology and School of Earth/Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 3E6 Canada
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Alfaro-Lucas JM, Martin D, Michel LN, Laes A, Cathalot C, Fuchs S, Sarrazin J. Fluid chemistry alters faunal trophodynamics but not composition on the deep-sea Capelinhos hydrothermal edifice (Lucky Strike vent field, Mid-Atlantic Ridge). Sci Rep 2024; 14:1940. [PMID: 38253666 PMCID: PMC10803789 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52186-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The recently discovered deep-sea Capelinhos hydrothermal edifice, ~ 1.5 km of the main Lucky Strike (LS) vent field (northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge), contrasts with the other LS edifices in having poorly-altered end-member hydrothermal fluids with low pH and chlorine, and high metal concentrations. Capelinhos unique chemistry and location offer the opportunity to test the effects of local abiotic filters on faunal community structure while avoiding the often-correlated influence of dispersal limitation and depth. In this paper, we characterize for the first time the distribution patterns of the Capelinhos faunal communities, and analyze the benthic invertebrates (> 250 µm) inhabiting diffusive-flow areas and their trophic structures (δ13C, δ15N and δ34S). We hypothesized that faunal communities would differ from those of the nearest LS vent edifices, showing an impoverished species subset due to the potential toxicity of the chemical environment. Conversely, our results show that: (1) community distribution resembles that of other LS edifices, with assemblages visually dominated by shrimps (close to high-temperature focused-fluid areas) and mussels (at low-temperature diffuse flow areas); (2) most species from diffuse flow areas are well-known LS inhabitants, including the bed-forming and chemosymbiotic mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus and (3) communities are as diverse as those of the most diverse LS edifices. On the contrary, stable isotopes suggest different trophodynamics at Capelinhos. The high δ15N and, especially, δ13C and δ34S values suggest an important role of methane oxidation (i.e., methanotrophy), rather than the sulfide oxidation (i.e., thiotrophy) that predominates at most LS edifices. Our results indicate that Capelinhos shows unique environmental conditions, trophic structure and trophodynamics, yet similar fauna, compared to other LS edifices, which suggest a great environmental and trophic plasticity of the vent faunal communities at the LS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan M Alfaro-Lucas
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, Unité BEEP, 29280, Plouzané, France.
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
| | - Daniel Martin
- Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Blanes, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Loïc N Michel
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, Unité BEEP, 29280, Plouzané, France
- Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Agathe Laes
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, Unité BEEP, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Cécile Cathalot
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, Unité BEEP, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Sandra Fuchs
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, Unité BEEP, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Jozée Sarrazin
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, Unité BEEP, 29280, Plouzané, France
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Xu T, Chai X, Chen C, Watanabe HK, Sun J, Xiao Y, Wang Y, Chen J, Qiu JW, Qian PY. Genetic divergence and migration patterns of a galatheoid squat lobster highlight the need for deep-sea conservation. Mol Ecol 2024; 33:e17200. [PMID: 37985390 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Information on genetic divergence and migration patterns of vent- and seep-endemic macrobenthos can help delimit biogeographical provinces and provide scientific guidelines for deep-sea conservation under the growing threats of anthropogenic disturbances. Nevertheless, related studies are still scarce, impeding the informed conservation of these hotspots of deep-sea biodiversity. To bridge this knowledge gap, we conducted a population connectivity study on the galatheoid squat lobster Shinkaia crosnieri - a deep-sea foundation species widely distributed in vent and seep ecosystems in the Northwest Pacific. With the application of an interdisciplinary methodology involving population genomics and oceanographic approaches, we unveiled two semi-isolated lineages of S. crosnieri with limited and asymmetrical gene flow potentially shaped by the geographic settings, habitat types, and ocean currents - one comprising vent populations in the Okinawa Trough, with those inhabiting the southern trough area likely serving as the source; the other being the Jiaolong (JR) seep population in the South China Sea. The latter might have recently experienced a pronounced demographic contraction and exhibited genetic introgression from the Okinawa Trough lineage, potentially mediated by the intrusion of the North Pacific Intermediate Water. We then compared the biogeographic patterns between S. crosnieri and two other representative and co-occurring vent- and seep-endemic species using published data. Based on their biogeographical subdivisions and source-sink dynamics, we highlighted the southern Okinawa Trough vents and the JR seep warrant imperative conservation efforts to sustain the deep-sea biodiversity in the Northwest Pacific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xu
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xia Chai
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chong Chen
- X-STAR, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, Japan
| | | | - Jin Sun
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Junlin Chen
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jian-Wen Qiu
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pei-Yuan Qian
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
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