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Backhaus SJ, Schulz A, Lange T, Schmidt-Schweda LS, Hellenkamp K, Evertz R, Kowallick JT, Kutty S, Hasenfuß G, Schuster A. Prognostic and diagnostic implications of impaired rest and exercise-stress left atrial compliance in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: Insights from the HFpEF stress trial. Int J Cardiol 2024; 404:131949. [PMID: 38471649 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2024.131949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With emerging therapies, early diagnosis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) comes to the fore. Whilst the reference standard of exercise-stress right heart catheterisation is well established, the clinical routine struggles between feasibility of exercise-stress and diagnostic accuracy of available tests. METHODS The HFpEF Stress Trial (DZHK-17) prospectively enrolled 75 patients with exertional dyspnoea and echocardiographic signs of diastolic dysfunction (E/e' > 8) who underwent simultaneous rest and exercise-stress echocardiography and right heart catheterisation (RHC). HFpEF was defined according to pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (HFpEF: PCWP rest: ≥15 mmHg stress: ≥25 mmHg). Patients were classified as non-cardiac dyspnoea (NCD) in the absence of HFpEF and cardiovascular disease. LA compliance was defined as reservoir strain (Es)/(E/e'). Follow-up was conducted after 4 years to evaluate cardiovascular hospitalisation (CVH). RESULTS The final study population included 68 patients (HFpEF n = 34 and NCD n = 34) of which 23 reached the clinical endpoint, 1 patient was lost to follow-up. Patients with HFpEF according to the HFA-PEFF score (≥5 points) had significantly lower LA compliance at rest (p < 0.001) compared to patients with a score ≤ 4. LA compliance at rest outperformed E/e' (AUC 0.78 vs 0.87, p = 0.024) and showed a statistical trend to outperform Es (AUC 0.79 vs 0.87, p = 0.090) for the diagnosis of HFpEF. LA compliance at rest predicted CVH (HR 2.83, 95% CI 1.70-4.74, p < 0.001) irrespective of concomitant atrial fibrillation. CONCLUSIONS LA compliance at rest can be obtained from clinical routine imaging and bears strong diagnostic and prognostic accuracy. Addition of LA compliance can improve the role of echocardiography as the primary test and gatekeeper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sören J Backhaus
- Department of Cardiology, Campus Kerckhoff of the Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Kerckhoff-Clinic, Bad Nauheim, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Alexander Schulz
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Torben Lange
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lennart S Schmidt-Schweda
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kristian Hellenkamp
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ruben Evertz
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Johannes T Kowallick
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Shelby Kutty
- Helen B. Taussig Heart Center, The Johns Hopkins Hospital and School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gerd Hasenfuß
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Schuster
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
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2
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Mela JL, Riou L, Barone-Rochette G. Coronary microvascular dysfunction and atrial reservoir function. Cardiovasc Ultrasound 2024; 22:5. [PMID: 38745211 PMCID: PMC11092318 DOI: 10.1186/s12947-024-00324-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) refers to structural and functional abnormalities of the coronary microcirculation, which may be diagnosed using invasive coronary physiology. CMD is responsible for impaired diastolic cardiac function. It has recently been suggested that left atrial strain (LASr) represents a highly sensitive tool for detecting cardiac diastolic function abnormalities. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between CMD and LASr. METHODS Consecutively enrolled patients with non-obstructed coronary arteries (NOCA) underwent CMD and LASr evaluation by invasive thermodilution and noninvasive echocardiography, respectively. RESULTS Forty-two (42) patients were included, out of which 26 presented with CMD. There were no significant differences between CMD-positive and negative patients in terms of clinical and echocardiographic characteristics. LASr was significantly reduced in patients with CMD (24.6% ± 6.1 vs. 30.3 ± 7.8%, p = 0.01). A moderate correlation was observed between coronary flow reserve and LAsr (r = 0.47, p = 0.002). A multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that CMD was independently associated with LASr (OR = 0.88, 95%CI 0.78-0.99.135, p = 0.04). A LASr cut-off of 25.5% enabled an optimal classification of patients with or without CMD. CONCLUSION Patients with NOCA and CMD had a significantly reduced LASr compared with patients without CMD, suggesting the early impairment of diastolic function in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien La Mela
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Laurent Riou
- University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CHU Grenoble Alpes, LRB, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Gilles Barone-Rochette
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Grenoble, 38000, France.
- University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CHU Grenoble Alpes, LRB, Grenoble, 38000, France.
- French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network, Paris, 75018, France.
- Clinique Universitaire de Cardiologie, Pôle Thorax et Vx, CHU de Grenoble, 38043, Grenoble cedex 09, France.
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3
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Anwar AM. Incremental diagnostic and prognostic utility of left atrial deformation in heart failure using speckle tracking echocardiography. Heart Fail Rev 2024; 29:713-727. [PMID: 38466374 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-024-10392-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Left atrium (LA) is a very important component of cardiovascular performance. The assessment of LA function has gathered the interest with expanding research supporting the utility as a biomarker for outcomes in heart failure (HF). Echocardiography is the main imaging modality which helps in a qualitative and quantitative assessment of the LA size and function. Recent advances in probe technology and software analysis have provided a better understanding of LA anatomy, physiology, pathology, and function. A variety of parameters have been defined as markers of LA function but there is no single parameter that best defines LA function. Speckle tracking echocardiography-derived analysis of LA deformation provides a window on all phases of LA function (reservoir, conduit, and booster pump). There is accumulative published data that supported the diagnostic and prognostic values of LA deformation integration during echo assessment of LA in HF. This review article summarized the clinical utility of LA deformation that may help in prediction, diagnosis, categorization, risk stratification, and guiding the proper selection of therapy in HF patients in daily practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf M Anwar
- Department of Cardiology, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, P.O. Box: 9862, Jeddah, 21159, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
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O’Neill T, Kang P, Hagendorff A, Tayal B. The Clinical Applications of Left Atrial Strain: A Comprehensive Review. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:693. [PMID: 38792875 PMCID: PMC11123486 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60050693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Left atrial (LA) strain imaging, which measures the deformation of the LA using speckle-tracing echocardiography (STE), has emerged recently as an exciting tool to help provide diagnostic and prognostic information for patients with a broad range of cardiovascular (CV) pathologies. Perhaps due to the LA's relatively thin-walled architecture compared with the more muscular structure of the left ventricle (LV), functional changes in the left atrium often precede changes in the LV, making LA strain (LAS) an earlier marker for underlying pathology than many conventional echocardiographic parameters. LAS imaging is typically divided into three phases according to the stage of the cardiac cycle: reservoir strain, which is characterized by LA filling during systole; conduit strain, which describes LA deformation during passive LV filling; and booster strain, which provides information on the LA atrium during LA systole in late ventricular diastole. While additional large-population studies are still needed to further solidify the role of LAS in routine clinical practice, this review will discuss the current evidence of its use in different pathologies and explore the possibilities of its applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas O’Neill
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Puneet Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Andreas Hagendorff
- Department of Cardiology, Leipzig University Hospital, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Bhupendar Tayal
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Palmiero P, Caretto P, Zito A, Ciccone MM, Pelliccia F, Maiello M. Left ventricular diastolic function in atrial fibrillation: Methodological implications and clinical considerations. Echocardiography 2024; 41:e15818. [PMID: 38654654 DOI: 10.1111/echo.15818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The assessment of LVDD is routinely included in echocardiographic evaluation because it correlates with cardiac disease progression and its prognostic value. Classic parameters used for assessing LV diastolic function correlate well with invasive measurements which remains the gold standard. Nevertheless, no one echocardiographic parameter alone can completely evaluate LVDD. LV diastolic function evaluation in atrial fibrillation is still challenging, since the E/A ratio, one of the most used parameters in echocardiographic evaluation, cannot be feasible. This is not a good reason to give up measurement. In this review, we analyze the different methods for estimating LV diastolic function in atrial fibrillation, including measurement not dependent on atrial systole and some novel methods that are promising, but not ever available during clinical practice highlighting that this assessment is mandatory for a complete clinical evaluation of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Palmiero
- ASL Brindisi, Cardiology Equipe, District of Brindisi, Brindisi, Italy
- Medical School, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Caretto
- University Cardiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Polyclinic University Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Annapaola Zito
- ASL Brindisi, District of Francavilla Fontana, Brindisi, Italy
| | - Marco Matteo Ciccone
- University Cardiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Polyclinic University Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Maria Maiello
- ASL Brindisi, Cardiology Equipe, District of Brindisi, Brindisi, Italy
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Lisi M, Luisi GA, Pastore MC, Mandoli GE, Benfari G, Ilardi F, Malagoli A, Sperlongano S, Henein MY, Cameli M, D'Andrea A. New perspectives in the echocardiographic hemodynamics multiparametric assessment of patients with heart failure. Heart Fail Rev 2024:10.1007/s10741-024-10398-7. [PMID: 38507022 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-024-10398-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
International Guidelines consider left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) as an important parameter to categorize patients with heart failure (HF) and to define recommended treatments in clinical practice. However, LVEF has some technical and clinical limitations, being derived from geometric assumptions and is unable to evaluate intrinsic myocardial function and LV filling pressure (LVFP). Moreover, it has been shown to fail to predict clinical outcome in patients with end-stage HF. The analysis of LV antegrade flow derived from pulsed-wave Doppler (stroke volume index, stroke distance, cardiac output, and cardiac index) and non-invasive evaluation of LVFP have demonstrated some advantages and prognostic implications in HF patients. Speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) is able to unmask intrinsic myocardial systolic dysfunction in HF patients, particularly in those with LV preserved EF, hence allowing analysis of LV, right ventricular and left atrial (LA) intrinsic myocardial function (global peak atrial LS, (PALS)). Global PALS has been proven a reliable index of LVFP which could fill the gaps "gray zone" in the previous Guidelines algorithm for the assessment of LV diastolic dysfunction and LVFP, being added to the latest European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging Consensus document for the use of multimodality imaging in evaluating HFpEF. The aim of this review is to highlight the importance of the hemodynamics multiparametric approach of assessing myocardial function (from LVFP to stroke volume) in patients with HF, thus overcoming the limitations of LVEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Lisi
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease-AUSL Romagna, Division of Cardiology, Ospedale S. Maria delle Croci, Viale Randi 5, 48121, Ravenna, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Andrea Luisi
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease-AUSL Romagna, Division of Cardiology, Ospedale S. Maria delle Croci, Viale Randi 5, 48121, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Maria Concetta Pastore
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Cardiology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giulia Elena Mandoli
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Cardiology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giovanni Benfari
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Federica Ilardi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Division of Cardiology, Federico II University Hospital, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, 80122, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Malagoli
- Division of Cardiology, Nephro-Cardiovascular Department, Baggiovara Hospital, Baggiovara, Italy
| | - Simona Sperlongano
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Michael Y Henein
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Matteo Cameli
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease-AUSL Romagna, Division of Cardiology, Ospedale S. Maria delle Croci, Viale Randi 5, 48121, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Antonello D'Andrea
- Department of Cardiology, Umberto I Hospital, 84014, Nocera Inferiore, SA, Italy
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Shinzato MH, Santos N, Nishida G, Moriya H, Assef J, Feres F, Hortegal RA. Left ventricular and atrial myocardial strain in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: the evidence so far and prospects for phenotyping strategy. Cardiovasc Ultrasound 2024; 22:4. [PMID: 38433236 PMCID: PMC10910762 DOI: 10.1186/s12947-024-00323-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) represents a significant proportion of heart failure cases. Accurate diagnosis is challenging due to the heterogeneous nature of the disease and limitations in traditional echocardiographic parameters. MAIN BODY This review appraises the application of Global Longitudinal Strain (GLS) and Left Atrial Strain (LAS) as echocardiographic biomarkers in the diagnosis and phenotyping of HFpEF. Strain imaging, particularly Speckle Tracking Echocardiography, offers a superior assessment of myocardial deformation, providing a more detailed insight into left heart function than traditional metrics. Normal ranges for GLS and LAS are considered, acknowledging the impact of demographic and technical factors on these values. Clinical studies have demonstrated the prognostic value of GLS and LAS in HFpEF, especially in predicting cardiovascular outcomes and distinguishing HFpEF from other causes of dyspnea. Nevertheless, the variability of strain measurements and the potential for false-negative results underline the need for careful clinical interpretation. The HFA-PEFF scoring system's integration of these biomarkers, although systematic, reveals gaps in addressing the full spectrum of HFpEF pathology. The combined use of GLS and LAS has been suggested to define HFpEF phenogroups, which could lead to more personalized treatment plans. CONCLUSION GLS and LAS have emerged as pivotal tools in the non-invasive diagnosis and stratification of HFpEF, offering a promise for tailored therapeutic strategies. Despite their potential, a structured approach to incorporating these biomarkers into standard diagnostic workflows is essential. Future clinical guidelines should include clear directives for the combined utilization of GLS and LAS, accentuating their role in the multidimensional assessment of HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane Higa Shinzato
- Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, Av. Dr. Dante Pazzanese, 500, 04012909
| | - Natasha Santos
- Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, Av. Dr. Dante Pazzanese, 500, 04012909
| | - Gustavo Nishida
- Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, Av. Dr. Dante Pazzanese, 500, 04012909
| | - Henrique Moriya
- Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, Av. Dr. Dante Pazzanese, 500, 04012909
- Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jorge Assef
- Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, Av. Dr. Dante Pazzanese, 500, 04012909
| | - Fausto Feres
- Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, Av. Dr. Dante Pazzanese, 500, 04012909
| | - Renato A Hortegal
- Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, Av. Dr. Dante Pazzanese, 500, 04012909.
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Cheng JF, Huang PS, Chen ZW, Huang CY, Lan CW, Chen SY, Lin LY, Wu CK. Post-exercise left atrial conduit strain predicted hemodynamic change in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Eur Radiol 2024; 34:1825-1835. [PMID: 37650970 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-10142-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Left ventricle function directly impacts left atrial (LA) conduit function, and LA conduit strain is associated with exercise intolerance in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) before and during exercise is the current gold standard for diagnosing HFpEF. Post-exercise ΔPCWP can lead to worse long-term outcomes. This study examined the correlation between LA strain and post-exercise ΔPCWP in patients with HFpEF. METHODS We enrolled 100 subjects, including 74 with HFpEF and 26 with non-cardiac dyspnea, from November 2017 to December 2020. Subjects underwent echocardiography, invasive cardiac catheterization, and expired gas analysis at rest and during exercise. Arterial blood pressure, right atrial pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, and PCWP were recorded during cardiac catheterization. Cardiac output, stroke volume, pulmonary vascular resistance, pulmonary artery compliance, systemic vascular resistance, and LV stroke work were calculated using standard formulas. RESULTS Exercise LA conduit strain significantly correlated with both post-exercise ΔPCWP (r = - 0.707, p < 0.001) and exercise PCWP (r = - 0.659; p < 0.001). Exercise LA conduit strain differentiated patients who did and did not meet the 2016 European Society of Cardiology HFpEF criteria with an area under the curve of 0.69 (95% confidence interval, 0.548-0.831) using a cutoff value of 14.25, with a sensitivity of 0.64 and a specificity of 0.68. CONCLUSIONS Exercise LA conduit strain significantly correlates with post-exercise ΔPCWP and has a comparable power to identify patients with HFpEF. Additional studies are warranted to confirm the ability of LA conduit strain to predict long-term outcomes among patients with HFpEF. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT Exercise left atrial conduit strain was highly associated with the difference of post-exercise pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and may indicate increased mortality risk in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, and also has comparable diagnostic ability. KEY POINTS • Left atrial conduit strain is associated with exercise intolerance in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. • Left atrial conduit strain during exercise can identify patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. • Exercise left atrial conduit strain significantly correlates with the difference of pulmonary capillary wedge pressure during and before exercise which might predict the long-term outcomes of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Fang Cheng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
- Division of Hospitalist, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pang-Shuo Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Yun-Lin Branch, Douliu, Taiwan
| | - Zheng-Wei Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Yun-Lin Branch, Douliu, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yu Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Wei Lan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ssu-Yuan Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital and Fu Jen Catholic University School of Medicine, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lian-Yu Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Cho-Kai Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.
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Logeart D. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: New challenges and new hopes. Presse Med 2024; 53:104185. [PMID: 37875242 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2023.104185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a major public health problem affecting millions of adults worldwide. HF with preserved ejection fraction, i.e. > 50 %, (HFpEF) accounts for more than half of all HF cases, and its incidence and prevalence are increasing with the aging of the population and the growing prevalence of metabolic disorders such as obesity, diabetes and hypertension. Diagnosis of HFpEF requires a combination of numerous echocardiographic parameters and also results of natriuretic peptide assays, to which may be added the need for a stress test. HFpEF is characterized by complex, interrelated pathophysiological mechanisms, which must be understood. This complexity probably accounts for the lack of evidence-based medicine compared with HF with reduced EF. Nevertheless, significant progress has been made recently, with a high level of evidence obtained for the SGLT2 inhibitor class on the one hand, and promising data with new drugs targeting more specifically certain mechanisms such as obesity and inflammation on the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Logeart
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm U942, Assistance publique hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France.
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Zhang Y, Li SY, Lu TT, Liu R, Chen MJ, Long QQ. Volume and function changes of left atrium and left ventricle in patients with ejection fraction preserved heart failure measured by a three dimensional dynamic heart model. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING 2024; 40:509-516. [PMID: 38040947 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-023-03018-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
The accurate diagnosis of HFpEF is still challenging and controversial. In this study, we used 3D-DHM technology to compare the differences of cardiac structure and function between HFpEF patients and healthy controls, as well as the differences of two-dimensional and three-dimensional cardiac function in HFpEF patients. Echocardiography with 3D-DHM and conventional two-dimensional (2D) methods were applied to measure the volume and function parameters of left atrium and ventricle of patients with HFpEF and healthy controls. Significant differences of 3D cardiac function indexes including LVESV, 3D-LVEF, ESL, SV, CI, EDmass, LAVmax, LAVmin, LAEF, and LAVI were observed between patients with HFpEF and controls (P < 0.05). However, no significant difference of LVEDV and EDL were observed (P > 0.05). In addition, we found no significant between-group difference in 2D cardiac function indexes such as LVDD and 2D-LVEF (P > 0.05), but the LAD, LVSD, LVPW, IVS, E, E/A, and E/e ' were significantly different between groups (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between 3D-LVEF and 2D-LVEF in the control group (P > 0.05), while 3D-LVEF in the HFpEF group was lower than 2D-LVEF(P < 0.05). Among the two-dimensional and three-dimensional parameters of HFpEF patients, the parameters related to diastolic function changed more significantly than those of the normal group, and the three-dimensional LVEF of HFpEF patients decreased. The three-dimensional cardiac function parameters analyzed by DHM can provide more information regarding myocardial mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Ultrasonography, The People's Hospital of Hunan Province (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), No. 61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Shen-Yi Li
- Department of Ultrasonography, The People's Hospital of Hunan Province (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), No. 61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, 410005, China.
| | - Tian-Tian Lu
- Department of Ultrasonography, The People's Hospital of Hunan Province (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), No. 61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Ultrasonography, The People's Hospital of Hunan Province (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), No. 61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Ming-Juan Chen
- Department of Ultrasonography, The People's Hospital of Hunan Province (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), No. 61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Qing-Qing Long
- Department of Ultrasonography, The People's Hospital of Hunan Province (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), No. 61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, 410005, China
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von Roeder M, Maeder M, Wahl V, Kitamura M, Rotta Detto Loria J, Dumpies O, Rommel KP, Kresoja KP, Blazek S, Richter I, Majunke N, Desch S, Thiele H, Lurz P, Abdel-Wahab M. Prognostic significance and clinical utility of left atrial reservoir strain in transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2024; 25:373-382. [PMID: 37862161 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jead268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Patients with diastolic dysfunction (DD) experience worse outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). We investigated the prognostic value and clinical utility of left atrial reservoir strain (LARS) in patients undergoing TAVR for aortic stenosis (AS). METHODS AND RESULTS All consecutive patients undergoing TAVR between January 2018 and December 2018 were included if discharge echocardiography and follow-up were available. LARS was derived from 2D-speckle-tracking. Patients were grouped into three tertiles according to LARS. DD was analysed using the ASE/EACVI-algorithm. The primary outcome was a composite of all-cause death and readmission for worsening heart failure 12 months after TAVR. Overall, 606 patients were available [age 80 years, interquartile range (IQR) 77-84], including 53% women. Median LARS was 13.0% (IQR 8.4-18.3). Patients were classified by LARS tertiles [mildly impaired 21.4% (IQR 18.3-24.5), moderately impaired 13.0% (IQR 11.3-14.6), severely impaired 7.1% (IQR 5.4-8.4), P < 0.0001]. The primary outcome occurred more often in patients with impaired LARS (mildly impaired 7.4%, moderately impaired 13.4%, and severely impaired 25.7%, P < 0.0001). On adjusted multivariable Cox regression analysis, LARS tertiles [hazard ratio (HR) 0.62, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.44-0.86, P = 0.005] and higher degree of tricuspid regurgitation (HR 1.82, 95% CI 1.23-2.98, P = 0.003) were the only significant predictors of the primary endpoint. Importantly, DD was unavailable in 56% of patients, but LARS assessment allowed for reliable prognostication regarding the primary endpoint in subgroups without DD assessment (HR 0.64, 95% CI 0.47-0.87, P = 0.003). CONCLUSION Impaired LARS is independently associated with worse outcomes in patients undergoing TAVR. LARS allows for risk stratification at discharge even in patients where DD cannot be assessed by conventional echocardiographic means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian von Roeder
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Struempellstrasse 39, D-04289 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mauritius Maeder
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Struempellstrasse 39, D-04289 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Vincent Wahl
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Struempellstrasse 39, D-04289 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mitsunobu Kitamura
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Struempellstrasse 39, D-04289 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Johannes Rotta Detto Loria
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Struempellstrasse 39, D-04289 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Oliver Dumpies
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Struempellstrasse 39, D-04289 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Karl-Philipp Rommel
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Struempellstrasse 39, D-04289 Leipzig, Germany
- Cardiovascular Research Foundation, NewYork, NY, USA
| | - Karl-Patrik Kresoja
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Struempellstrasse 39, D-04289 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephan Blazek
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Struempellstrasse 39, D-04289 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ines Richter
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Struempellstrasse 39, D-04289 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nicolas Majunke
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Struempellstrasse 39, D-04289 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Steffen Desch
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Struempellstrasse 39, D-04289 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Holger Thiele
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Struempellstrasse 39, D-04289 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Philipp Lurz
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Struempellstrasse 39, D-04289 Leipzig, Germany
- Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Wahab
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Struempellstrasse 39, D-04289 Leipzig, Germany
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12
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Hoedemakers S, Verwerft J, Reddy YNV, Delvaux R, Stroobants S, Jogani S, Claessen G, Droogmans S, Cosyns B, Borlaug BA, Herbots L, Verbrugge FH. Cardiac dysfunction rather than aortic valve stenosis severity drives exercise intolerance and adverse haemodynamics. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2024; 25:302-312. [PMID: 37875135 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jead276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To study the impact of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) vs. aortic stenosis (AS) lesion severity on left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, diastolic dysfunction, left atrial (LA) dysfunction, haemodynamics, and exercise capacity. METHODS AND RESULTS Patients (n = 206) with at least moderate AS (aortic valve area ≤0.85 cm/m2) and discordant symptoms underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing with simultaneous echocardiography. The population was stratified according to the probability of underlying HFpEF by the heavy, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, pulmonary hypertension, elder, filling pressure (H2FPEF) score [0-5 (AS/HFpEF-) vs. 6-9 points (AS/HFpEF+)] and AS severity (Moderate vs. Severe). Mean age was 73 ± 10 years with 40% women. Twenty-eight patients had Severe AS/HFpEF+ (14%), 111 Severe AS/HFpEF- (54%), 13 Moderate AS/HFpEF+ (6%), and 54 Moderate AS/HFpEF- (26%). AS/HFpEF+ vs. AS/HFpEF- patients, irrespective of AS severity, had a lower LV global longitudinal strain, impaired diastolic function, reduced LV compliance, and more pronounced LA dysfunction. The pulmonary arterial pressure-cardiac output slope was significantly higher in AS/HFpEF+ vs. AS/HFpEF- (5.4 ± 3.1 vs. 3.9 ± 2.2 mmHg/L/min, respectively; P = 0.003), mainly driven by impaired cardiac output and chronotropic reserve, with signs of right ventricular pulmonary arterial uncoupling. AS/HFpEF+ vs. AS/HFpEF- was associated with a lower peak aerobic capacity (11.5 ± 3.7 vs. 15.9 ± 5.9 mL/min/kg, respectively; P < 0.0001) but did not differ between Moderate and Severe AS (14.7 ± 5.5 vs. 15.2 ± 5.9 mL/min/kg, respectively; P = 0.6). CONCLUSION A high H2FPEF score is associated with a reduced exercise capacity and adverse haemodynamics in patients with moderate to severe AS. Both exercise performance and haemodynamics correspond better with intrinsic cardiac dysfunction than AS severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hoedemakers
- Department of Cardiology, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium
- Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University Hasselt (UHasselt), Hasselt, Belgium
- Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospital Brussels, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Jette, Belgium
| | - Jan Verwerft
- Department of Cardiology, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium
- Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University Hasselt (UHasselt), Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Yogesh N V Reddy
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 1216 2nd St SW, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Robin Delvaux
- Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University Hasselt (UHasselt), Hasselt, Belgium
| | | | | | - Guido Claessen
- Department of Cardiology, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven Droogmans
- Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospital Brussels, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Jette, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Jette, Belgium
| | - Bernard Cosyns
- Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospital Brussels, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Jette, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Jette, Belgium
| | - Barry A Borlaug
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 1216 2nd St SW, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Lieven Herbots
- Department of Cardiology, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium
- Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University Hasselt (UHasselt), Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Frederik H Verbrugge
- Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospital Brussels, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Jette, Belgium
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 1216 2nd St SW, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Jette, Belgium
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13
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Palka P, Hilling-Smith R, Swann R, Allwood S, Moore A, Bian C, Lange A. Left ventricular to left arial volume ratio in the assessment of filling pressure in patients with dyspnoea and preserved ejection fraction. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1357006. [PMID: 38404723 PMCID: PMC10884309 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1357006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Assessing filling pressure (FP) remains a clinical challenge despite advancements in non-invasive imaging techniques. This study investigates the utility of echocardiographic left ventricular (LV) to left atrial (LA) volume ratio in estimating the resting FP in patients with dyspnoea and preserved ejection fraction (EF). Methods This study is a prospective, single-centre analysis of 53 consecutive patients with dyspnoea (New York Heart Association grade 2 or 3) and LVEF of ≥50% (mean age 71 ± 10 years) who underwent cardiac catheterisation, including direct measurement of LA pressure at rest using retrograde technique. Echocardiographic data were obtained 1.5 ± 1.0 h after cardiac catheterisation. The patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 consisted of individuals with elevated FP, indicated by a mean LA pressure or mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure of >12 mmHg, and Group 2 comprised of patients with normal FP. The LV and LA volumes were measured at three specific points: the minimum volume (LVES, LAmin), the volume during diastasis (LVdias, LAdias), and the maximum volume (LVED, LAmax). The corresponding LV/LA volume ratios were analysed: end-systole (LVES/LAmax), diastasis (LVdias/LAdias), and end-diastole (LVED/LAmin). Results The patients in Group 1 exhibited lower LV/LA volume ratios compared with those in Group 2 (LVES/LAmax 0.44 ± 0.12 vs. 0.60 ± 0.23, P = 0.0032; LVdias/LAdias 1.13 ± 0.30 vs. 1.56 ± 0.49, P = 0.0007; LVED/LAmin 2.71 ± 1.57 vs. 4.44 ± 1.70, P = 0.0004). The LV/LA volume ratios correlated inversely with an increased FP (LVES/LAmax, r = -0.40, P = 0.0033; LVdias/LAdias, r = -0.45, P = 0.0007; LVED/LAmin, r = -0.55, P < 0.0001). Among all the measurements, the LVdias/LAdias ratio demonstrated the highest discriminatory power to distinguish patients with elevated FP from normal FP, with a cut-off value of ≤1.24 [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.822] for the entire group, encompassing both sinus rhythm and atrial fibrillation. For patients in sinus rhythm specifically, the cut-off value was ≤1.28 (AUC = 0.799), with P < 0.0001 for both. The LVdias/LAdias index demonstrated non-inferiority to the E/e' ratio [ΔAUC = 0.159, confidence interval (CI) = -0.020-0.338; P = 0.0809], while surpassing the indices of LA reservoir function (ΔAUC = 0.249, CI = 0.044-0.454; P = 0.0176), LA reservoir strain (ΔAUC = 0.333, CI = 0.149-0.517; P = 0.0004), and LAmax index (ΔAUC = 0.224, CI = 0.043-0.406; P = 0.0152) in diagnosing patients with elevated FP. Conclusion The study presents a straightforward and reproducible method for non-invasive estimation of FP using routine TTE in patients with dyspnoea and preserved EF. The LVdias/LAdias index emerges as a promising indicator for identifying elevated FP, demonstrating comparable or even superior performance to established parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Palka
- Queensland Cardiovascular Group, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Cardiac Catheterisation Laboratory, St Andrew's War Memorial Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Roland Hilling-Smith
- Queensland Cardiovascular Group, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Cardiac Catheterisation Laboratory, St Andrew's War Memorial Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Rohan Swann
- Queensland Cardiovascular Group, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Cardiac Catheterisation Laboratory, St Andrew's War Memorial Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sean Allwood
- Queensland Cardiovascular Group, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Cardiac Catheterisation Laboratory, St Andrew's War Memorial Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Alexander Moore
- Queensland Cardiovascular Group, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Cardiac Catheterisation Laboratory, St Andrew's War Memorial Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Chris Bian
- Queensland Cardiovascular Group, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Aleksandra Lange
- Queensland Cardiovascular Group, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Cardiac Catheterisation Laboratory, St Andrew's War Memorial Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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14
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Kuznetsova T, Daels Y, Ntalianis E, Santana EJ, Sabovčik F, Haddad F, Cauwenberghs N. Clinical and biochemical predictors of longitudinal changes in left atrial structure and function: A general population study. Echocardiography 2024; 41:e15780. [PMID: 38372342 DOI: 10.1111/echo.15780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE There is a need for better understanding the factors that modulate left atrial (LA) dysfunction. Therefore, we determined associations of clinical and biochemical biomarkers with serial changes in echocardiographic indexes of LA function in the general population. METHODS We measured LA maximal and minimal volume indexes (LAVImax and LAVImin) by echocardiography and LA reservoir strain (LARS) by two-dimensional speckle-tracking in 627 participants (mean age 50.8 years, 51.2% women) at baseline and after 4.8 years. RESULTS During follow-up, LARS decreased significantly in men (-.90%, P = .033) but not in women (-.23%, P = .60). In stepwise regression analysis, stronger decrease in LARS over time was associated with male sex, a higher age, body mass index (BMI), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and serum insulin at baseline and with a greater increase in BMI and MAP over time (P ≤ .018). Similarly, an increased risk of developing or retaining abnormal LARS was observed in older participants, in subjects with a higher baseline BMI, MAP, heart rate (HR), troponin T and ΔMAP, and in those who used β-blockers at baseline. Both LAVImax and LAVImin increased significantly over time (P ≤ .0007). This increase was associated with a higher baseline age, pulse pressure and a lower HR at baseline and a greater increase in pulse pressure over time (P ≤ .029). Higher serum insulin and D-dimer were independently associated with a stronger increase in LAVImin (P ≤ .0034). CONCLUSION Subclinical worsening in LA dysfunction was associated with older age, hypertension, obesity, insulin resistance and troponin T levels. Cardiovascular risk management strategies may delay LA deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Kuznetsova
- Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yne Daels
- Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Evangelos Ntalianis
- Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Everton J Santana
- Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - František Sabovčik
- Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Francois Haddad
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Nicholas Cauwenberghs
- Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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15
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Omote K, Sorimachi H, Obokata M, Verbrugge FH, Omar M, Popovic D, Reddy YNV, Pislaru SV, Pellikka PA, Borlaug BA. Biatrial myopathy in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Eur J Heart Fail 2024; 26:288-298. [PMID: 38059338 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.3104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Left atrial (LA) myopathy is increasingly recognized as an important phenotypic trait in heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Right atrial (RA) remodelling and dysfunction also develop in HFpEF, but little data are available regarding the clinical characteristics and pathophysiology among patients with isolated LA, RA, or biatrial myopathy. METHODS AND RESULTS Patients with HFpEF underwent invasive haemodynamic exercise testing, comprehensive imaging including speckle tracking strain echocardiography, and clinical follow-up at Mayo Clinic between 2006 and 2018. LA myopathy was defined as LA volume index >34 ml/m2 and/or LA reservoir strain ≤24% and RA myopathy by RA volume index >39 ml/m2 in men and >33 ml/m2 in women and/or RA reservoir strain ≤19.8%. Of 476 consecutively evaluated patients with HFpEF defined by invasive exercise testing with evaluable atrial structure/function, 125 (26%) had no atrial myopathy, 147 (31%) had isolated LA myopathy, 184 (39%) had biatrial myopathy, and 20 (4%) had isolated RA myopathy. Patients with HFpEF and biatrial myopathy had more atrial fibrillation, poorer left ventricular systolic and diastolic function, more severe pulmonary vascular disease, tricuspid regurgitation, ventricular interdependence and right ventricular dysfunction, and poorer cardiac output reserve with exercise. There were 94 patients with events over a median follow-up of 2.9 (interquartile range 1.4-4.6) years. Individuals with biatrial myopathy had an 84% higher risk of HF hospitalization or death as compared to those with isolated LA myopathy (hazard ratio 1.84; 95% confidence interval 1.16-2.92, p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Biatrial myopathy identifies patients with more advanced HFpEF characterized by more severe pulmonary vascular disease, right HF, poorer cardiac reserve, and a greater risk for adverse outcomes. Further study is required to define optimal strategies to treat and prevent biatrial myopathy in HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Omote
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Hidemi Sorimachi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Masaru Obokata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Frederik H Verbrugge
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospital Brussels, Jette, Belgium
| | - Massar Omar
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Dejana Popovic
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Yogesh N V Reddy
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sorin V Pislaru
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Barry A Borlaug
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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16
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Egbe AC, Younis A, Miranda WR, Jain CC, Connolly HM, Borlaug BA. Determinants and prognostic implications of left atrial reverse remodelling after coarctation of aorta repair in adults. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2024; 25:249-256. [PMID: 37585542 PMCID: PMC10824485 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jead203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Left atrial (LA) dysfunction and atrial fibrillation are also relatively common in adults with coarctation of aorta (COA), and the severity of LA dysfunction is associated with a higher risk of atrial fibrillation in this population. The purpose of this study was to determine whether LA function improved after COA repair (LA reverse remodelling), and the relationship between LA reverse remodelling and atrial fibrillation. METHODS AND RESULTS Retrospective cohort study of adults undergoing COA repair (2003-20). LA reservoir strain was assessed pre intervention and 12-24 months post intervention, using speckle tracking echocardiography. Incident atrial fibrillation was assessed from COA repair to last follow-up. Of 261 adults who underwent COA repair [age 37 ± 13 years; males 148 (57%)], 124 (47%) and 137 (53%) presented with native vs. recurrent COA, respectively. Of 261 patients, 231 (82%) and 48 (18%) underwent surgical and transcatheter COA repair, respectively. The LA reservoir strain increased from 32 ± 8% (pre intervention) to 39 ± 7% (post intervention), yielding a relative increase of 21 ± 5%. Older age [β ± standard error (SE) -0.16 ± 0.09 per 5 years, P = 0.02], higher systolic blood pressure (β ± SE -0.12 ± 0.04 per 5 mmHg, P = 0.005), and higher residual COA mean gradient (β ± SE -0.17 ± 0.06 per 5 mmHg, P = 0.002) post intervention were associated with less LA reverse remodelling, after adjustment for sex, hypertension diagnosis, and left ventricular indices. LA reverse remodelling (hazard ratio 0.97, 95% confidence interval 0.96-0.98 per 1% increase from pre-intervention LA function, P = 0.006) was associated with a lower risk of atrial fibrillation after adjustment for age, sex, pre-intervention LA reservoir strain, and history of atrial fibrillation. CONCLUSION COA repair resulted in improved LA function and decreased risk for atrial fibrillation, especially in patients without residual hypertension or significant residual COA gradient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander C Egbe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ahmed Younis
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - William R Miranda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - C Charles Jain
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Heidi M Connolly
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Barry A Borlaug
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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17
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Inciardi RM, Solomon SD. Beyond the rhythm: atrial fibrillation, diastolic dysfunction, and heart failure. Eur Heart J 2023; 44:5061-5063. [PMID: 37935588 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo M Inciardi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Scott D Solomon
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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18
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Almeida ALC, Melo MDTD, Bihan DCDSL, Vieira MLC, Pena JLB, Del Castillo JM, Abensur H, Hortegal RDA, Otto MEB, Piveta RB, Dantas MR, Assef JE, Beck ALDS, Santo THCE, Silva TDO, Salemi VMC, Rocon C, Lima MSM, Barberato SH, Rodrigues AC, Rabschkowisky A, Frota DDCR, Gripp EDA, Barretto RBDM, Silva SME, Cauduro SA, Pinheiro AC, Araujo SPD, Tressino CG, Silva CES, Monaco CG, Paiva MG, Fisher CH, Alves MSL, Grau CRPDC, Santos MVCD, Guimarães ICB, Morhy SS, Leal GN, Soares AM, Cruz CBBV, Guimarães Filho FV, Assunção BMBL, Fernandes RM, Saraiva RM, Tsutsui JM, Soares FLDJ, Falcão SNDRS, Hotta VT, Armstrong ADC, Hygidio DDA, Miglioranza MH, Camarozano AC, Lopes MMU, Cerci RJ, Siqueira MEMD, Torreão JA, Rochitte CE, Felix A. Position Statement on the Use of Myocardial Strain in Cardiology Routines by the Brazilian Society of Cardiology's Department Of Cardiovascular Imaging - 2023. Arq Bras Cardiol 2023; 120:e20230646. [PMID: 38232246 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20230646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Central Illustration : Position Statement on the Use of Myocardial Strain in Cardiology Routines by the Brazilian Society of Cardiology's Department Of Cardiovascular Imaging - 2023 Proposal for including strain in the integrated diastolic function assessment algorithm, adapted from Nagueh et al.67 Am: mitral A-wave duration; Ap: reverse pulmonary A-wave duration; DD: diastolic dysfunction; LA: left atrium; LASr: LA strain reserve; LVGLS: left ventricular global longitudinal strain; TI: tricuspid insufficiency. Confirm concentric remodeling with LVGLS. In LVEF, mitral E wave deceleration time < 160 ms and pulmonary S-wave < D-wave are also parameters of increased filling pressure. This algorithm does not apply to patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), mitral annulus calcification, > mild mitral valve disease, left bundle branch block, paced rhythm, prosthetic valves, or severe primary pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marcelo Luiz Campos Vieira
- Instituto do Coração da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (Incor/FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - José Luiz Barros Pena
- Faculdade Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG - Brasil
- Hospital Felicio Rocho, Belo Horizonte, MG - Brasil
| | | | - Henry Abensur
- Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Vera Maria Cury Salemi
- Instituto do Coração da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (Incor/FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Camila Rocon
- Hospital do Coração (HCor), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Márcio Silva Miguel Lima
- Instituto do Coração da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (Incor/FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | - Eliza de Almeida Gripp
- Hospital Pró-Cardiaco, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil
- Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro da Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Maria Veronica Camara Dos Santos
- Departamento de Cardiologia Pediátrica (DCC/CP) da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia (SBC), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
- Sociedade Brasileira de Oncologia Pediátrica, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | | | - Gabriela Nunes Leal
- Instituto da Criança e do Adolescente do Hospital das Clinicas Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Viviane Tiemi Hotta
- Instituto do Coração da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (Incor/FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
- Grupo Fleury, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | - Daniel de Andrade Hygidio
- Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição, Tubarão, SC - Brasil
- Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Tubarão, SC - Brasil
| | - Marcelo Haertel Miglioranza
- EcoHaertel - Hospital Mae de Deus, Porto Alegre, RS - Brasil
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS - Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | - Jorge Andion Torreão
- Hospital Santa Izabel, Salvador, BA - Brasil
- Santa Casa da Bahia, Salvador, BA - Brasil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Rochitte
- Instituto do Coração da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (Incor/FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
- Hospital do Coração (HCor), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Alex Felix
- Diagnósticos da América SA (DASA), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
- Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia (INC), Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil
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19
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Zhou D, Wang Y, Li S, Wu W, Sun X, Zhuang B, He J, Xu J, Yang W, Zhu L, Sirajuddin A, Teng Z, Zhao S, Lu M. Ventricular-atrial coupling in subjects with normal, preserved, and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction: insights from cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Eur Radiol 2023; 33:7716-7728. [PMID: 37318603 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-09801-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the correlation between LA and LV strain measurements in different clinical scenarios and evaluate to what extent LA deformation contributes to the prognosis of patients. METHODS A total of 297 consecutive participants including 75 healthy individuals, 75 hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients, 74 idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), and 73 chronic myocardial infarction (MI) patients were retrospectively enrolled in this study. The associations of LA-LV coupling with clinical status were statistically analyzed by correlation, multiple linear regression, and logistic regression. Survival estimates were calculated by receiver operating characteristic analyses and Cox regression analyses. RESULTS Overall, moderate correlations were found between LA and LV strain in every phase of the cardiac cycle (r: -0.598 to -0.580, all p < 0.001). The slope of the regression line of the individual strain-strain curve had a significant difference among 4 groups (-1.4 ± 0.3 in controls, -1.1 ± 0.6 in HCM, -1.8 ± 0.8 in idiopathic DCM, -2.4 ± 1.1 in chronic MI, all p < 0.05). During a median follow-up of 4.7 years, the total LA emptying fraction was independently associated with primary (hazard ratio: 0.968, 95% CI: 0.951-0.985) and secondary endpoints (hazard ratio: 0.957, 95% CI: 0.930-0.985) with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.720 respectively, 0.806, which was significantly higher than the AUC of LV parameters. CONCLUSIONS The coupled correlations between the left atria and ventricle in every phase and the individual strain-strain curve vary with etiology. LA deformation in late diastole provides prior and incremental information on cardiac dysfunction based on LV metrics. The total LA emptying fraction was an independent indicator for clinical outcome superior to that of LV typical predictors. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT Left ventricular-atrial coupling is not only valuable for comprehending the pathophysiological mechanisms of cardiovascular diseases caused by different etiologies but also holds significant importance for the prevention of adverse cardiovascular events and targeted treatment. KEY POINTS • In HCM patients with preserved LVEF, LA deformation is a sensitive indicator for cardiac dysfunction prior to LV parameters with a reduced LA/LV strain ratio. • In patients with reduced LVEF, LV deformation impairment is more consequential than that of the LA with an increased LA/LV strain ratio. Furthermore, impaired LA active strain indicates potential atrial myopathy. • Among LA and LV parameters, the total LA emptying fraction is the best predictor for guiding clinical management and follow-up in patients with different statuses of LVEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhou
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Fuwai Hospital and National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 Beilishi Road, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Yining Wang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Fuwai Hospital and National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 Beilishi Road, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Fuwai Hospital and National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 Beilishi Road, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Weichun Wu
- Department of Echocardiography, Fuwai Hospital and National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Imaging (Cultivation), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Imaging (Cultivation), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fuwai Hospital and National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Baiyan Zhuang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Fuwai Hospital and National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 Beilishi Road, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Jian He
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Fuwai Hospital and National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 Beilishi Road, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Fuwai Hospital and National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 Beilishi Road, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Fuwai Hospital and National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 Beilishi Road, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Leyi Zhu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Fuwai Hospital and National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 Beilishi Road, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Arlene Sirajuddin
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National, Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, USA
| | - Zhongzhao Teng
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England
| | - Shihua Zhao
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Fuwai Hospital and National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 Beilishi Road, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Minjie Lu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Fuwai Hospital and National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 Beilishi Road, Beijing, 100037, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Imaging (Cultivation), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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20
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Emerson P, Stefani L, Boyd A, Richards D, Hui R, Altman M, Thomas L. Alterations in Left Atrial Strain in Breast Cancer Patients Immediately Post Anthracycline Exposure. Heart Lung Circ 2023:S1443-9506(23)04291-9. [PMID: 37806911 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2023.06.864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS With improved diagnosis and treatments, a greater percentage of breast cancer patients are achieving long-term survival. Consequently, long-term cardiotoxicity secondary to chemotherapy has become more prevalent, warranting improved cardiac surveillance. We evaluated changes in left atrial (LA) strain in breast cancer patients immediately post anthracycline (AC) therapy to assess its utility as a marker of diastolic dysfunction. METHODS This was a prospective cohort study of 128 consecutive human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative breast cancer patients who underwent transthoracic echocardiography prior to and immediately post AC treatment. Traditional left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic parameters and LA volumes were evaluated; additionally, LV global longitudinal strain (LV GLS) and LA phasic strain were measured. RESULTS All patients had normal LV ejection fraction (>53%) post AC, though LV GLS was significantly reduced. Peak E and é velocities were reduced post AC, with no change in LA volumes. LA reservoir strain (LASRES 34.8% vs 31.5%, p<0.001) and conduit strain (LASCD 17.2% vs 14.4%, p<0.001) were significantly lower post AC and correlated modestly with LV diastolic parameters. Reduction in LA strain post AC was evident even in patients with preserved LV systolic and diastolic function. More patients demonstrated alteration in diastolic function (≥15% reduction in LASRES from baseline) (32%) compared to alteration in systolic function (≥15% reduction in LV GLS) (23%). CONCLUSIONS LA strain is a promising marker of early diastolic dysfunction. We demonstrate its potential utility in surveillance of breast cancer patients treated with AC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Emerson
- Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Luke Stefani
- Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anita Boyd
- Westmead Private Cardiology, Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David Richards
- Westmead Private Cardiology, Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rina Hui
- Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mikhail Altman
- Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Liza Thomas
- Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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21
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Sciatti E, Coccia MG, Magnano R, Aakash G, Limonta R, Diep B, Balestrieri G, D'Isa S, Abramov D, Parwani P, D'Elia E. Heart Failure Preserved Ejection Fraction in Women: Insights Learned from Imaging. Heart Fail Clin 2023; 19:461-473. [PMID: 37714587 DOI: 10.1016/j.hfc.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
While the prevalence of heart failure, in general, is similar in men and women, women experience a higher rate of HFpEF compared to HFrEF. Cardiovascular risk factors, parity, estrogen levels, cardiac physiology, and altered response to the immune system may be at the root of this difference. Studies have found that in response to increasing age and hypertension, women experience more concentric left ventricle remodeling, more ventricular and arterial stiffness, and less ventricular dilation compared to men, which predisposes women to developing more diastolic dysfunction. A multi-modality imaging approach is recommended to identify patients with HFpEF. Particularly, appreciation of sex-based differences as described in this review is important in optimizing the evaluation and care of women with HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Sciatti
- Cardiology Unit, Hospital Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | | | | | - Gupta Aakash
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Raul Limonta
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano Bicocca University, Milano, Italy
| | - Brian Diep
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | | | - Salvatore D'Isa
- Cardiology Unit, Hospital Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Dmitry Abramov
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Purvi Parwani
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Emilia D'Elia
- Cardiology Unit, Hospital Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy.
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22
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Elliott AD, Ariyaratnam J, Howden EJ, La Gerche A, Sanders P. Influence of exercise training on the left atrium: implications for atrial fibrillation, heart failure, and stroke. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 325:H822-H836. [PMID: 37505470 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00322.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The left atrium (LA) plays a critical role in receiving pulmonary venous return and modulating left ventricular (LV) filling. With the onset of exercise, LA function contributes to the augmentation in stroke volume. Due to the growing focus on atrial imaging, there is now evidence that structural remodeling and dysfunction of the LA is associated with adverse outcomes including incident cardiovascular disease. In patients with established disease, pathological changes in atrial structure and function are associated with exercise intolerance, increased hospital admissions and mortality, independent of left ventricular function. Exercise training is widely recommended in patients with cardiovascular disease to improve patient outcomes and maintain functional capacity. There are widely documented changes in LV function with exercise, yet less attention has been given to the LA. In this review, we first describe LA physiology at rest and during exercise, before exploring its association with cardiac disease outcomes including atrial fibrillation, heart failure, and stroke. The adaptation of the LA to short- and longer-term exercise training is evaluated through review of longitudinal studies of exercise training in healthy participants free of cardiovascular disease and athletes. We then consider the changes in LA structure and function among patients with established disease, where adverse atrial remodeling may be implicated in the disease process. Finally, we consider important future directions for assessment of atrial structure and function using novel imaging modalities, in response to acute and chronic exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian D Elliott
- Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders, University of Adelaide, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jonathan Ariyaratnam
- Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders, University of Adelaide, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Erin J Howden
- Clinical Research Domain, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andre La Gerche
- Clinical Research Domain, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Prashanthan Sanders
- Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders, University of Adelaide, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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23
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Del Punta L, De Biase N, Mazzola M, Filidei F, Balletti A, Armenia S, Di Fiore V, Buralli S, Galeotti GG, De Carlo M, Giannini C, Masi S, Pugliese NR. Bio-Humoral and Non-Invasive Haemodynamic Correlates of Renal Venous Flow Patterns across the Heart Failure Spectrum. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1704. [PMID: 37893422 PMCID: PMC10608031 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59101704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Background: We evaluated the bio-humoral and non-invasive haemodynamic correlates of renal congestion evaluated by Doppler renal venous flow (RVF) across the heart failure (HF) spectrum, from asymptomatic subjects with cardiovascular risk factors (Stage A) and structural heart disease (Stage B) to patients with clinically overt HF (Stage C). Methods: Ultrasound evaluation, including echocardiography, lung ultrasound and RVF, along with blood and urine sampling, was performed in 304 patients. Results: Continuous RVF was observed in 230 patients (76%), while discontinuous RVF (dRVF) was observed in 74 (24%): 39 patients had pulsatile RVF, 18 had biphasic RVF and 17 had monophasic RVF. Stage C HF was significantly more common among patients with dRVF. Monophasic RVF was associated with worse renal function and a higher urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR). After adjusting for hypertension, diabetes mellitus, the presence of Stage C HF and serum creatinine levels, worsening RVF patterns were associated with higher NT-proBNP levels, worse right ventricular-arterial coupling, larger inferior vena cava and higher echo-derived pulmonary artery wedge pressure. This trend was confirmed when only patients with HF Stage C were analysed after adjusting for the left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF). Conclusion: Abnormal RVF is common across the HF spectrum. Worsening RVF patterns are independently associated with increased congestion, worse non-invasive haemodynamics and impaired RV-arterial coupling. RVF evaluation could refine prognostic stratification across the HF spectrum, irrespective of LVEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Del Punta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Nicolò De Biase
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Matteo Mazzola
- Department of Pathology, Cardiology Division, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Filidei
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessio Balletti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Armenia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Valerio Di Fiore
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Simona Buralli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Gian Giacomo Galeotti
- Department of Pathology, Cardiology Division, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco De Carlo
- Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.D.C.)
| | - Cristina Giannini
- Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.D.C.)
| | - Stefano Masi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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24
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Takagi T, Hosomi T. Peak atrial longitudinal strain represents atrial fibrillation burden in daily practice: clinical implication of routine left atrial strain measurements. J Echocardiogr 2023; 21:113-121. [PMID: 36564608 DOI: 10.1007/s12574-022-00595-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Usefulness of left atrial (LA) strain measurements using speckle tracking echocardiography has been reported in various clinical settings. However, clinical implication of routine LA strain measurements in daily practice remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical utility of routine LA strain measurements in daily practice. METHODS From January 6, 2020 to December 28, 2021, 338 consecutive patients underwent echocardiography in Takagi Cardiology Clinic, and all comers were enrolled to the study. Echocardiographic measurements including peak atrial longitudinal strain (PALS) measurement using speckle tracking echocardiography were attempted in all patients. RESULTS PALS was obtained in 335 patients (age 71 ± 16 years, male 43%, hypertensive 74%), and mean value was 22.3 ± 11.5%. PALS was progressively impaired with worsening atrial fibrillation (AF) burden. PALS in patients without AF, in patients with history of AF (paroxysmal AF &/or ablation therapy), and in patients with AF onsite were 26.8 ± 9.8%, 20.3 ± 7.9%, and 8.1 ± 3.3%, respectively (anova p < 0.0001). In patients without history of AF at the time of echocardiography, using cut-off value of 15.0% (i.e., mean + 2SD of PALS in AF patients), Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that impaired PALS was associated with increased new-onset AF during follow-up period (log-rank p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION In daily practice, PALS represents AF burden. Furthermore, impaired PALS is associated with increased new-onset AF. Therefore, routine LA strain measurements using speckle tracking echocardiography will be useful in risk stratification of AF in daily practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Takagi
- Takagi Cardiology Clinic, Mibu Kayogosho-cho 3-3, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto, 604-8811, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Hosomi
- Takagi Cardiology Clinic, Mibu Kayogosho-cho 3-3, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto, 604-8811, Japan
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25
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Corbo MD, Terlizzi VD, Barone R, Pellegrino P, Goffredo G, Pugliese R, Correale M, Ieva R, Di Biase M, Brunetti ND, Iacoviello M. Atrial paced rhythm and heart rate-dependent worsening of left atrial and ventricular function. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2023; 46:1116-1123. [PMID: 37573144 DOI: 10.1111/pace.14800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY The response to the increase in heart rate (HR) could be characterized by failure in both left ventricular (LV) and left atrial (LA) functions. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the increase in paced HR and the changes in LV and LA functions, assessed by two-dimensional speckle tracking analysis. METHODS In a group of patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) or pacemaker, the atrial paced rhythm was progressively increased from 60 to 70, from 70 to 80, and from 80 to 90 beats per minute (bpm). For each paced HR, using two-dimensional speckle tracking analysis, LA reservoir (LAr), LA conduit (LAc), LA contraction (LAct), and LV global longitudinal strain (LV-GLS) were evaluated every 10 bpm. RESULTS Of the 45 patients enrolled, a significant reduction in LAr was observed at higher HR. However, when the patients were dichotomized according to the HR-related response of LV-GLS, the worsening of LAr was observed in those with LV-GLS worsening and not in those without (maximum LAR absolute changes -2.7 ± 7.2% vs. +2.7 ± 7.2%, respectively, p .028). Moreover, the worsening of LA and LV strain measures was associated with an increase in the estimated filling pressures. CONCLUSIONS In patients with atrial paced rhythm, the increase in HR could be associated with worsening of LA and LV functions, as assessed by two-dimensional speckle tracking analyses. These results offer new data on HR-related atrioventricular function and could be useful for guiding the optimal HR responsiveness of the implanted devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Delia Corbo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Vito di Terlizzi
- Cardiology Unit, University Polyclinic Hospital of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Roberta Barone
- Cardiology Unit, University Polyclinic Hospital of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Goffredo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Rosanna Pugliese
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Michele Correale
- Cardiology Unit, University Polyclinic Hospital of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Riccardo Ieva
- Cardiology Unit, University Polyclinic Hospital of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Matteo Di Biase
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Natale Daniele Brunetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
- Cardiology Unit, University Polyclinic Hospital of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Massimo Iacoviello
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
- Cardiology Unit, University Polyclinic Hospital of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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26
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Diomede D, Terazzi E, Diomede N, Alcidi G, Pugliese R, Ioannoni S, Romano M, Granatiero M, Di Terlizzi V, Correale M, Di Biase M, Brunetti ND, Iacoviello M. Relationship between the strain measures of left atrial function and heart failure worsening. Echocardiography 2023; 40:942-951. [PMID: 37503767 DOI: 10.1111/echo.15659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two-dimensional speckle tracking evaluation (2D-STE) is a useful tool to evaluate the complexity of atrial function by the analysis of the different phases of atrial deformation and by the combination with Doppler measurements of diastolic function. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the role of the left atrial (LA) strain parameters to predict worsening chronic heart failure (CHF). METHODS We enrolled outpatients affected by CHF referred to our heart failure unit. Each patient underwent a medical visit, an electrocardiogram (ECG), and an echocardiographic examination. LA function was assessed by 2D-STE. The three phases of LA strain, that is, the reservoir (LAr), the conduit (LAcd), and the contraction (LAct)-were evaluated. Moreover, the ratio between E and LAr (E/LAr) and those between LAr and septal (LAr/Ees), lateral (LAr/Eel), and septal-lateral (LAr/Eem) E/e' were measured. During follow-up, the events related to worsening of heart failure were evaluated. RESULTS Two hundred eleven patients were enrolled. During a mean follow-up of 14 ± 7 months, 37 patients showed at least one event related to heart failure worsening. At univariate Cox regression analysis, LAr, LAcd, LAct, E/LAr, LAr/Ees, LAr/Eel, and LAr/Eem were all associated with events related to heart failure worsening, but at multivariate regression analyses, only LAr (Hazard Ratio, HR: .95; 95% Confidence Interval, CI: .92-.99; p: .031), LAct (HR: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.01-1.12; p: .027), E/LAr (HR: 1.10; 95%CI: 1.0-1.16; p < .001), LAr/Ees (HR: .57; 95% CI: .37-.87; p: .010), and LAr/Eem (HR: .71; 95% CI: .53-.96; p: .026) remained significantly associated with the events. Finally, in a predictive model including the other relevant echocardiographic parameters LAr < 18%, LAct > -10.0%, LAr/Ees < 1.28, and E/LAr > 3.70 were associated with a statistically significant overall net reclassification improvement. CONCLUSIONS In CHF patients, the measure of the LA reservoir and contraction by 2D-STE is independently associated with heart failure worsening, but the accuracy in predicting the events is even greater when the reservoir is combined with the Doppler measures of diastolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Diomede
- School of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Erica Terazzi
- School of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Nicolangelo Diomede
- School of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Alcidi
- School of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Rosanna Pugliese
- School of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Sara Ioannoni
- School of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Matteo Romano
- School of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Michele Granatiero
- School of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Vito Di Terlizzi
- Cardiology Unit, University Polyclinic Hospital of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Michele Correale
- Cardiology Unit, University Polyclinic Hospital of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Matteo Di Biase
- School of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Natale Daniele Brunetti
- School of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
- Cardiology Unit, University Polyclinic Hospital of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Massimo Iacoviello
- School of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
- Cardiology Unit, University Polyclinic Hospital of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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Reddy YNV, Borlaug BA. Exercise echocardiography to diagnose heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: Are two measures better than one? Eur J Heart Fail 2023; 25:1304-1306. [PMID: 37114334 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.2876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh N V Reddy
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Barry A Borlaug
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Wu CK, Yang LT, Hung CL. Exercise left atrial compliance: One more tool in the heart failure with preserved ejection fraction assistance toolbox? Eur J Heart Fail 2023; 25:1307-1309. [PMID: 37403649 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.2966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cho-Kai Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Tan Yang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Lieh Hung
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Harada T, Kagami K, Shina T, Sorimachi H, Yuasa N, Saito Y, Naito A, Yoshida K, Kato T, Wada N, Ishii H, Obokata M. Diagnostic value of reduced left atrial compliance during ergometry exercise in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Eur J Heart Fail 2023; 25:1293-1303. [PMID: 37062872 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.2862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Diagnosis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) remains challenging in patients presenting with chronic dyspnoea. We sought to determine the diagnostic value of reduced left atrial (LA) compliance during exercise to diagnose HFpEF. METHODS AND RESULTS Ergometry exercise stress echocardiography was performed in 225 patients with HFpEF and 262 non-heart failure controls (non-cardiac dyspnoea [NCD]) in Protocol 1, where the diagnosis of HFpEF was defined by the HFA-PEFF algorithm. In Protocol 2, the diagnosis of HFpEF was ascertained by exercise right heart catheterization in 67 participants (49 HFpEF and 18 NCD). Speckle-tracking echocardiography was performed at rest and during exercise to determine LA compliance (ratio of LA reservoir strain to E/e'). As compared with NCD, patients with HFpEF demonstrated decreased LA reservoir strain and compliance at rest, and these differences further increased during exercise in Protocol 1. Exercise LA compliance discriminated HFpEF from NCD (area under the curve 0.87, p < 0.0001), with a superior diagnostic ability to exercise E/e' ratio (DeLong p = 0.005). Exercise LA compliance demonstrated incremental diagnostic value over clinical factors (age, systemic hypertension, and atrial fibrillation) and resting LA compliance (χ2 212.4 vs. 166.2, p < 0.0001). These findings were confirmed in Protocol 2. CONCLUSION Left atrial compliance during exercise demonstrated superior diagnostic ability to exercise E/e' ratio, with incremental diagnostic value over the resting LA compliance. Exercise LA compliance may enhance the diagnosis of HFpEF among patients with dyspnoea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonari Harada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kagami
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takayuki Shina
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hidemi Sorimachi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Naoki Yuasa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yuki Saito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayami Naito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kuniko Yoshida
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Kato
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Naoki Wada
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hideki Ishii
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Masaru Obokata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
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Maurer MS, Rosenblum HR. Difficult Diagnoses Are Often Undertreated: The Case of HFpEF With Exercise-Induced Left Atrial Hypertension. JACC. HEART FAILURE 2023; 11:1118-1120. [PMID: 37038879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2023.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathew S Maurer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA.
| | - Hannah R Rosenblum
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
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31
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Ntalianis E, Sabovčik F, Cauwenberghs N, Kouznetsov D, Daels Y, Claus P, Kuznetsova T. Unsupervised Time-Series Clustering of Left Atrial Strain for Cardiovascular Risk Assessment. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2023; 36:778-787. [PMID: 36958709 DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2023.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early identification of individuals at high risk for developing cardiovascular (CV) events is of paramount importance for efficient risk management. Here, the authors investigated whether using unsupervised machine learning methods on time-series data of left atrial (LA) strain could distinguish clinically meaningful phenogroups associated with the risk for developing adverse events. METHODS In 929 community-dwelling individuals (mean age, 51.6 years; 52.9% women), clinical and echocardiographic data were acquired, including LA strain traces, at baseline, and cardiac events were collected on average 6.3 years later. Two unsupervised learning techniques were used: (1) an ensemble of a deep convolutional neural network autoencoder with k-medoids and (2) a self-organizing map to cluster spatiotemporal patterns within LA strain curves. Clinical characteristics and cardiac outcome were used to evaluate the validity of the k clusters using the original cohort, while an external population cohort (n = 378) was used to validate the trained models. RESULTS In both approaches, the optimal number of clusters was five. The first three clusters had differences in sex distribution and heart rate but had a similar low CV risk profile. On the other hand, cluster 5 had the worst CV profile and a higher prevalence of left ventricular remodeling and diastolic dysfunction compared with the other clusters. The respective indexes of cluster 4 were between those of clusters 1 to 3 and 5. After adjustment for traditional risk factors, cluster 5 had the highest risk for cardiac events compared with clusters 1, 2, and 3 (hazard ratio, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.09-1.70; P = .0063). Similar LA strain patterns were obtained when the models were applied to the external validation cohort, and clinical characteristics revealed similar CV risk profiles across all clusters. CONCLUSION Unsupervised machine learning algorithms used in time-series LA strain curves identified clinically meaningful clusters of LA deformation and provide incremental prognostic information over traditional risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Ntalianis
- Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - František Sabovčik
- Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nicholas Cauwenberghs
- Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Yne Daels
- Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Piet Claus
- Cardiovascular Imaging and Dynamics, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tatiana Kuznetsova
- Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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32
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Lanzarone E, Baratto C, Vicenzi M, Villella F, Rota I, Dewachter C, Muraru D, Tomaselli M, Gavazzoni M, Badano LP, Senni M, Vachiéry JL, Parati G, Caravita S. Haemodynamic validation of the three-step HFA-PEFF algorithm to diagnose heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. ESC Heart Fail 2023. [PMID: 37321596 PMCID: PMC10375124 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The HFA-PEFF algorithm (Heart Failure Association-Pre-test assessment, Echocardiography and natriuretic peptide score, Functional testing in cases of uncertainty, Final aetiology) is a three-step algorithm to diagnose heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). It provides a three-level likelihood of HFpEF: low (score < 2), intermediate (score 2-4), or high (score > 4). HFpEF may be confirmed in individuals with a score > 4 (rule-in approach). The second step of the algorithm is based on echocardiographic features and natriuretic peptide levels. The third step implements diastolic stress echocardiography (DSE) for controversial diagnostic cases. We sought to validate the three-step HFA-PEFF algorithm against a haemodynamic diagnosis of HFpEF based on rest and exercise right heart catheterization (RHC). METHODS AND RESULTS Seventy-three individuals with exertional dyspnoea underwent a full diagnostic work-up following the HFA-PEFF algorithm, including DSE and rest/exercise RHC. The association between the HFA-PEFF score and a haemodynamic diagnosis of HFpEF, as well as the diagnostic performance of the HFA-PEFF algorithm vs. RHC, was assessed. The diagnostic performance of left atrial (LA) strain < 24.5% and LA strain/E/E' < 3% was also assessed. The probability of HFpEF was low/intermediate/high in 8%/52%/40% of individuals at the second step of the HFA-PEFF algorithm and 8%/49%/43% at the third step. After RHC, 89% of patients were diagnosed as HFpEF and 11% as non-cardiac dyspnoea. The HFA-PEFF score resulted associated with the invasive haemodynamic diagnosis of HFpEF (P < 0.001). Sensitivity and specificity of the HFA-PEFF score for the invasive haemodynamic diagnosis of HFpEF were 45% and 100% for the second step of the algorithm and 46% and 88% for the third step of the algorithm. Neither age, sex, body mass index, obesity, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or paroxysmal atrial fibrillation influenced the performance of the HFA-PEFF algorithm, as these characteristics were similarly distributed over the true positive, true negative, false positive, and false negative cases. Sensitivity of the second step of the HFA-PEFF score was non-significantly improved to 60% (P = 0.08) by lowering the rule-in threshold to >3. LA strain alone had a sensitivity and specificity of 39% and 14% for haemodynamic HFpEF, increasing to 55% and 22% when corrected for E/E'. CONCLUSIONS As compared with rest/exercise RHC, the HFA-PEFF score lacks sensitivity: Half of the patients were wrongly classified as non-cardiac dyspnoea after non-invasive tests, with a minimal impact of DSE in modifying HFpEF likelihood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ettore Lanzarone
- Department of Management, Information and Production Engineering, University of Bergamo, Dalmine, Italy
| | - Claudia Baratto
- Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Ospedale San Luca, Piazzale Brescia 20, Milan, 20149, Italy
| | - Marco Vicenzi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Diseases, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Villella
- Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Ospedale San Luca, Piazzale Brescia 20, Milan, 20149, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Rota
- UOC Cardiologia, Ospedale Civile di Legnano, ASST Ovest Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Céline Dewachter
- Department of Cardiology, Cliniques Universitaires de Bruxelles, Hôpital Académique Erasme, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Denisa Muraru
- Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Ospedale San Luca, Piazzale Brescia 20, Milan, 20149, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Tomaselli
- Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Ospedale San Luca, Piazzale Brescia 20, Milan, 20149, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Mara Gavazzoni
- Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Ospedale San Luca, Piazzale Brescia 20, Milan, 20149, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi P Badano
- Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Ospedale San Luca, Piazzale Brescia 20, Milan, 20149, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Senni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Cardiovascular Department, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Jean-Luc Vachiéry
- Department of Cardiology, Cliniques Universitaires de Bruxelles, Hôpital Académique Erasme, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Gianfranco Parati
- Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Ospedale San Luca, Piazzale Brescia 20, Milan, 20149, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Sergio Caravita
- Department of Management, Information and Production Engineering, University of Bergamo, Dalmine, Italy
- Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Ospedale San Luca, Piazzale Brescia 20, Milan, 20149, Italy
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Graham FJ, Iaconelli A, Sonecki P, Campbell RT, Hunter D, Cleland JGF, Pellicori P. Defining Heart Failure Based on Imaging the Heart and Beyond. Card Fail Rev 2023; 9:e10. [PMID: 37427007 PMCID: PMC10326661 DOI: 10.15420/cfr.2022.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Water and salt retention, in other words congestion, are fundamental to the pathophysiology of heart failure and are important therapeutic targets. Echocardiography is the key tool with which to assess cardiac structure and function in the initial diagnostic workup of patients with suspected heart failure and is essential for guiding treatment and stratifying risk. Ultrasound can also be used to identify and quantify congestion in the great veins, kidneys and lungs. More advanced imaging methods might further clarify the aetiology of heart failure and its consequences for the heart and periphery, thereby improving the efficiency and quality of care tailored with greater precision to individual patient need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fraser J Graham
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of GlasgowGlasgow, UK
| | - Antonio Iaconelli
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of GlasgowGlasgow, UK
| | | | - Ross T Campbell
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of GlasgowGlasgow, UK
| | - David Hunter
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of GlasgowGlasgow, UK
| | - John GF Cleland
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of GlasgowGlasgow, UK
| | - Pierpaolo Pellicori
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of GlasgowGlasgow, UK
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Chieng D, Sugumar H, Segan L, Tan C, Vizi D, Nanayakkara S, Al-Kaisey A, Hawson J, Prabhu S, Voskoboinik A, Finch S, Morton JB, Lee G, Mariani J, La Gerche A, Taylor AJ, Howden E, Kistler PM, Kalman JM, Kaye DM, Ling LH. Atrial Fibrillation Ablation for Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Randomized Controlled Trial. JACC. HEART FAILURE 2023; 11:646-658. [PMID: 36868916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) frequently develop atrial fibrillation (AF). There are no randomized trials examining the effects of AF ablation on HFpEF outcomes. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to compare the effects of AF ablation vs usual medical therapy on markers of HFpEF severity, including exercise hemodynamics, natriuretic peptide levels, and patient symptoms. METHODS Patients with concomitant AF and HFpEF underwent exercise right heart catheterization and cardiopulmonary exercise testing. HFpEF was confirmed with pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) of 15 mm Hg at rest or ≥25 mm Hg on exercise. Patients were randomized to AF ablation vs medical therapy, with investigations repeated at 6 months. The primary outcome was change in peak exercise PCWP on follow-up. RESULTS A total of 31 patients (mean age: 66.1 years; 51.6% females, 80.6% persistent AF) were randomized to AF ablation (n = 16) vs medical therapy (n = 15). Baseline characteristics were comparable across both groups. At 6 months, ablation reduced the primary outcome of peak PCWP from baseline (30.4 ± 4.2 to 25.4 ± 4.5 mm Hg; P < 0.01). Improvements were also seen in peak relative VO2 (20.2 ± 5.9 to 23.1 ± 7.2 mL/kg/min; P < 0.01), N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels (794 ± 698 to 141 ± 60 ng/L; P = 0.04), and MLHF (Minnesota Living with Heart Failure) score (51 ± -21.9 to 16.6 ± 17.5; P < 0.01). No differences were detected in the medical arm. Following ablation, 50% no longer met exercise right heart catheterization-based criteria for HFpEF vs 7% in the medical arm (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS AF ablation improves invasive exercise hemodynamic parameters, exercise capacity, and quality of life in patients with concomitant AF and HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Chieng
- Department of Cardiology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; The Baker Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hariharan Sugumar
- Department of Cardiology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; The Baker Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Louise Segan
- Department of Cardiology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; The Baker Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Caleb Tan
- Department of Cardiology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Donna Vizi
- Department of Cardiology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; The Baker Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Shane Nanayakkara
- Department of Cardiology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; The Baker Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ahmed Al-Kaisey
- Department of Cardiology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Joshua Hawson
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sandeep Prabhu
- Department of Cardiology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; The Baker Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Aleksandr Voskoboinik
- Department of Cardiology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; The Baker Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sue Finch
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Joseph B Morton
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Geoffrey Lee
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Justin Mariani
- The Baker Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andre La Gerche
- The Baker Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew J Taylor
- Department of Cardiology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; The Baker Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Erin Howden
- Department of Cardiology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter M Kistler
- Department of Cardiology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; The Baker Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Kalman
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David M Kaye
- Department of Cardiology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; The Baker Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Liang-Han Ling
- Department of Cardiology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; The Baker Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
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Gard EK, Beale AL, Telles F, Silvestry FE, Hanff T, Hummel SL, Litwin SE, Petrie MC, Shah SJ, Borlaug BA, Burkhoff D, Komtebedde J, Kaye DM, Nanayakkara S. Left atrial enlargement is associated with pulmonary vascular disease in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Eur J Heart Fail 2023; 25:806-814. [PMID: 36847073 PMCID: PMC10625803 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.2805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Elevated left atrial (LA) pressure is a pathophysiologic hallmark of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Chronically elevated LA pressure leads to LA enlargement, which may impair LA function and increase pulmonary pressures. We sought to evaluate the relationship between LA volume and pulmonary arterial haemodynamics in patients with HFpEF. METHODS AND RESULTS Data from 85 patients (aged 69 ± 8 years) who underwent exercise right heart catheterization and echocardiography were retrospectively analysed. All had symptoms of heart failure, left ventricular ejection fraction ≥50% and haemodynamic features of HFpEF. Patients were divided into LA volume index-based tertiles (≤34 ml/m2 , >34 to ≤45 ml/m2 , >45 ml/m2 ). A subgroup analysis was performed in patients with recorded LA global reservoir strain (n = 60), with reduced strain defined as ≤24%. Age, sex, body surface area and left ventricular ejection fraction were similar between volume groups. LA volume was associated with blunted increases in cardiac output with exercise (padjusted <0.001), higher resting mean pulmonary artery pressure (padjusted = 0.003), with similar wedge pressure (padjusted = 1). Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) increased with increasing LA volume (padjusted <0.001). Larger LA volumes featured reduced LA strain (padjusted <0.001), with reduced strain associated with reduced PVR-compliance time (0.34 [0.28-0.40] vs. 0.38 [0.33-0.43], p = 0.03). CONCLUSION Increasing LA volume may be associated with more advanced pulmonary vascular disease in HFpEF, featuring higher PVR and pulmonary pressures. Reduced LA function, worse at increasing LA volumes, is associated with a disrupted PVR-compliance relationship, further augmenting impaired pulmonary haemodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fernando Telles
- Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Thomas Hanff
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Scott L. Hummel
- University of Michigan and VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Sanjiv J. Shah
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Dan Burkhoff
- Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - David M. Kaye
- Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shane Nanayakkara
- Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Su Y, Li C, Yin L. Evaluation of the relationship between left atrial strain and exercise tolerance in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by treadmill stress echocardiography. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1168514. [PMID: 37255705 PMCID: PMC10225587 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1168514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate the left atrial strain (LAS) in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) by treadmill exercise stress echocardiography, combined with three-dimensional speckle tracking technology, for predicting exercise tolerance. Methods A total of 97 patients with HCM who underwent treadmill exercise stress echocardiography were recruited in Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital between January 2018 and January 2021, and 30 control subjects were selected to be included in the normal group. HCM patients with their metabolic equivalents (METS) ≤ 6.0 were included in the HCM-1 group, while those with METS > 6.0 were included in the HCM-2 group. The LAS and exercise tolerance were analyzed. The ultrasound parameters that could predict a decrease in exercise tolerance were screened, and a predictive model was constructed. Results It was found that METS, Rest-LASr, Rest-LAScd, and Rest-LASct were significantly lower in HCM patients than those in normal controls. There was a significant difference in age, Target_HR, LVMI, LAVI, E/e'-Rest, E/e'-Peak, Rest-LASr, Rest-LAScd, and Rest-LASct between the HCM-1 and the HCM-2 groups. LASr is an independent resting echocardiographic predictor of METS ≤ 6.0. LASr remained significant for predicting different subtypes (AHCM, asymmetric HCM, and obstructive HCM). Rest-LASr (AUC 0.990) was better at predicting METS ≤ 6.0 than Peak-E/e' (AUC 0.753). A multivariate model (LASr + Age + Target_HR) was established for METS prediction. Conclusion Left atrial reservoir strain (LASr) has the strongest association with METS ≤ 6.0. The LASr is an independent resting predictor of METS ≤ 6.0 and has a good performance record in predicting different subtypes of HCM. Compared with the traditional parameters, Peak-E/e' and Rest-E/e', Rest-LASr is the best predictor. Rest-LASr can serve as a reliable method for HCM patients who are unable to undergo exercise testing but require an urgent evaluation of their METS, which provides a basis for clinical treatment decision-making and treatment effect evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Su
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
- Ultrasound in Cardiac Electrophysiology and Biomechanics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunmei Li
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
- Ultrasound in Cardiac Electrophysiology and Biomechanics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lixue Yin
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
- Ultrasound in Cardiac Electrophysiology and Biomechanics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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Borlaug BA, Sharma K, Shah SJ, Ho JE. Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: JACC Scientific Statement. J Am Coll Cardiol 2023; 81:1810-1834. [PMID: 37137592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) continue to rise in tandem with the increasing age and burdens of obesity, sedentariness, and cardiometabolic disorders. Despite recent advances in the understanding of its pathophysiological effects on the heart, lungs, and extracardiac tissues, and introduction of new, easily implemented approaches to diagnosis, HFpEF remains under-recognized in everyday practice. This under-recognition presents an even greater concern given the recent identification of highly effective pharmacologic-based and lifestyle-based treatments that can improve clinical status and reduce morbidity and mortality. HFpEF is a heterogenous syndrome and recent studies have suggested an important role for careful, pathophysiological-based phenotyping to improve patient characterization and to better individualize treatment. In this JACC Scientific Statement, we provide an in-depth and updated examination of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry A Borlaug
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
| | - Kavita Sharma
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sanjiv J Shah
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jennifer E Ho
- CardioVascular Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Vautier M, Mulet B, Macquaire C, Cousergue C, André CO, Maragnes P, Ollitrault P, Labombarda F. Abnormal left atrial compliance is associated with a history of life-threatening arrhythmia in corrected Tetralogy of Fallot. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1161017. [PMID: 37180807 PMCID: PMC10169587 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1161017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The objectives of this study were to examine left atrial (LA) function and compliance using two-dimensional (2D) strain analysis in adult patients with corrected Tetralogy of Fallot (c-ToF) and to investigate the relationships between LA function and patient characteristics, especially history of life-threatening arrhythmia (h-LTA). Methods Fifty-one c-ToF patients (34 males; age, 39 ± 15 years; h-LTA, n = 13) were included in this retrospective monocenter study. In addition to a 2D standard echocardiography examination, 2D strain analysis was performed to assess left ventricular (LV) and LA functions, including peak-positive LA strain (LAS-reservoir function) and LA compliance [defined as the ratio LAS/(E/Ea)]. Results Patients with h-LTA were older and exhibited a longer QRS duration. LV ejection fraction, LAS and LA compliance were significantly lower in the group of patients with h-LTA. Indexed LA and RA volumes, RV end-diastolic area was significantly higher and RV fractional area change significantly lower in the h-LTA group. LA compliance was the best echocardiographic predictor for h-LTA (AUC: 0.839; p < 0.001). Moderate inverted correlations were found between LA compliance and age and QRS duration. Among the echocardiographic parameters, LA compliance was moderately inversely correlated with RV end-diastolic area (r = -0.40, p = 0.01). Conclusion We documented abnormal LAS and LA compliance values in adult c-ToF patients. Further study is needed to determine how best to incorporate LA strain, particularly LA compliance, into multiparametric predictive models for LTA in c-ToF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benoit Mulet
- Department of Pediatrics, CHU de Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Fabien Labombarda
- Department of Cardiology, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CHU Caen-Normandie, UR PSIR 4650, Unicaen, Caen, France
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Charles Jain C, Egbe AC, Oh JK, Connolly HM, Miranda WR. Echo-Doppler and strain assessment of filling pressures in adults with congenitally corrected transposition and systemic right ventricles. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2023; 24:454-462. [PMID: 35866302 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeac115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Systolic dysfunction of the systemic right ventricle (sRV) is common in adults with transposition of the great arteries and sRV. In acquired disease, diastology analysis for assessment of filling pressures (FP) is paramount in patient care. METHODS AND RESULTS Retrospective analysis of 47 adults with sRV without prior systemic tricuspid valve surgery undergoing catheterization and echocardiography within 7 days (median -2 [-1, -3]) from January 2000 to February 2021 at our institution. Median age was 48 (31, 55) years, and 16 (34.0%) patients were female. FPs were normal in 21 patients (44.7%). Left atrial size was enlarged in most patients (83.0%) with mean indexed value 58.3 ± 23.4 mL/m2. Tissue Doppler e' was not significantly different between those with high FPs vs. normal (medial 0.07 ± 0.03 vs. 0.08 ± 0.03 m/s, P = 0.63; lateral 0.08 ± 0.04 vs. 0.08 ± 0.04 m/s, P = 0.88). E velocity and subpulmonic mitral regurgitant velocity were higher in those with high FPs (0.9 ± 0.3 vs. 0.6 ± 0.2 m/s, P = 0.005; 3.8 ± 1.1 vs. 2.8 ± 0.9 m/s, P = 0.004). Left atrial reservoir strain, sRV global longitudinal strain, and subpulmonic left ventricular strain were worse in those with high FP (18.0 ± 7.6 vs. 27.9 ± 10.2%, P = 0.0009; -13.0 ± 4.4 vs. -17.9 ± 5.0%, P = 0.002; -16.8 ± 5.7 vs. -23.0 ± 3.8%, P = 0.001). CONCLUSION Despite the complex anatomy, FPs can be assessed non-invasively in adults with sRV without prior systemic tricuspid valve surgery. The current guideline algorithm for diastolic dysfunction in acquired heart disease has limited applicability in this population. Given the limitations of Doppler in this heterogeneous population, strain analysis can be a helpful adjunct for estimation of FPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Charles Jain
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Alexander C Egbe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jae K Oh
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Heidi M Connolly
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - William R Miranda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Dal Canto E, Scheffer M, Kortekaas K, Driessen-Waaijer A, Paulus WJ, van Heerebeek L. Natriuretic Peptide Levels and Stages of Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. Biomedicines 2023; 11:867. [PMID: 36979846 PMCID: PMC10045594 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), natriuretic peptide (NP) levels are frequently lower. In several trials, the outcome differed between patients with low and high NP levels. This suggests that NP could be used to identify distinct stages of left ventricular (LV) remodeling and myocardial tissue composition. This study investigated cardiac remodeling/dysfunction and myocardial tissue characteristics assessed by echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) in HFpEF patients in relation to NP levels. Clinical and echocardiographic data of 152 HFpEF patients were derived from outpatient visits. A total of 71 HFpEF patients underwent CMR-derived T1-mapping. Multivariable regression analyses were performed to examine the association of NT-proBNP categories (> median) and NT-proBNP as continuous variable with echocardiography and CMR-derived T1-mapping. Mean age was 71 ± 9, 93% of patients were women and median NT-proBNP was 195 pg/mL, with 35% of patients below the diagnostic cut-off value (<125 pg/mL). Patients with high NT-proBNP had comparable LV systolic function and LV relaxation but significantly worse LV stiffness and left atrial function compared with patients with low NT-proBNP. Higher NT-proBNP was significantly associated with higher LV stiffness and extracellular volume fraction (ECV) (β = 1.82, 95% CI: 0.19;3.44, p = 0.029). Higher NT-proBNP levels identify HFpEF patients with worse LV stiffness because of more severe myocardial extracellular matrix remodeling, representing an advanced stage of HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Dal Canto
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, Utrecht University Medical Centre, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | | | - Kirsten Kortekaas
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Walter J. Paulus
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Obokata M, Sorimachi H, Harada T, Kagami K, Saito Y, Ishii H. Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Therapy of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction in Japan. J Card Fail 2023; 29:375-388. [PMID: 37162126 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2022.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a global health care problem, with diagnostic difficulty, limited treatment options and high morbidity and mortality rates. The prevalence of HFpEF is increasing because of the aging population and the increasing burden of cardiac and metabolic comorbidities, such as systemic hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and obesity. The knowledge base is derived primarily from the United States and Europe, and data from Asian countries, including Japan, remain limited. Given that phenotypic differences may exist between Japanese and Western patients with HFpEF, careful characterization may hold promise to deliver new therapy specific to the Japanese population. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the epidemiology, pathophysiology and diagnosis of and the potential therapies for HFpEF in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Obokata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan.
| | - Hidemi Sorimachi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Tomonari Harada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kagami
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuki Saito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Ishii
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
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Nagueh SF. Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction: Diagnostic and Prognostic Perspectives. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2023; 36:307-309. [PMID: 36572368 DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2022.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sherif F Nagueh
- Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston, Texas.
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Egbe AC, Abozied O, Miranda WR, Connolly HM, Deshmukh AJ. Relationship between left atrial myopathy and atrial fibrillation in adults with coarctation of aorta. AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL PLUS : CARDIOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2023; 27:100284. [PMID: 38511091 PMCID: PMC10945908 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahjo.2023.100284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Background Although patients with coarctation of aorta (COA) have clinical risk factors for atrial fibrillation (AF), there are limited data about AF prevalence, and role of left atrial (LA) indices for risk stratification in this population. We hypothesized that LA indices (LA reservoir strain and LA volume index) were associated with AF, and would identify patients at risk for AF progression. Methods We analyzed electrocardiograms/Holters, and echocardiograms of adult COA patients at Mayo Clinic (2000-2018). Results Of 776 patients, 726(94 %), 46(5.9 %) and 4(0.5 %) had no history of AF, paroxysmal AF, and persistent AF respectively; yielding AF prevalence of 6.4 %. LA reservoir strain (AUC 0.782 [0.751-0.808]) had more robust association with AF as compared to LA volume index (AUC difference -0.115, p < 0.001).Among 726 patients without prior AF, 25(3.4 %) had new-onset AF during follow-up. LA reservoir strain <25 % and LA volume index >34 ml/m2 were independent predictors of new-onset AF (HR 1.81 [1.15-3.85], and HR 1.41 [1.03-4.78], respectively). Of 46 patients with paroxysmal AF, 22(48 %) had recurrent AF, and LA reservoir strain <25 % was an independent predictor of recurrent AF (HR 1.94 [1.41-4.17]). LV pressure overload and stiffness indices were associated with progressive LA dysfunction and new-onset AF. Conclusions Collectively, these data suggest that LA strain can potentially be used for AF risk stratification. Further studies are required to determine whether LA strain can proactively identify patients that will respond favorably to different antiarrhythmic therapies, and whether interventions to reduce LV pressure overload will improve LA function and reduce AF progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander C. Egbe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America
| | - Omar Abozied
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America
| | - William R. Miranda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America
| | - Heidi M. Connolly
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America
| | - Abhishek J. Deshmukh
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America
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Pugliese NR, Pellicori P, Filidei F, De Biase N, Maffia P, Guzik TJ, Masi S, Taddei S, Cleland JGF. Inflammatory pathways in heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction: implications for future interventions. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 118:3536-3555. [PMID: 36004819 PMCID: PMC9897694 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many patients with symptoms and signs of heart failure have a left ventricular ejection fraction ≥50%, termed heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). HFpEF is a heterogeneous syndrome mainly affecting older people who have many other cardiac and non-cardiac conditions that often cast doubt on the origin of symptoms, such as breathlessness, or signs, such as peripheral oedema, rendering them neither sensitive nor specific to the diagnosis of HFpEF. Currently, management of HFpEF is mainly directed at controlling symptoms and treating comorbid conditions such as hypertension, atrial fibrillation, anaemia, and coronary artery disease. HFpEF is also characterized by a persistent increase in inflammatory biomarkers. Inflammation may be a key driver of the development and progression of HFpEF and many of its associated comorbidities. Detailed characterization of specific inflammatory pathways may provide insights into the pathophysiology of HFpEF and guide its future management. There is growing interest in novel therapies specifically designed to target deregulated inflammation in many therapeutic areas, including cardiovascular disease. However, large-scale clinical trials investigating the effectiveness of anti-inflammatory treatments in HFpEF are still lacking. In this manuscript, we review the role of inflammation in HFpEF and the possible implications for future trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pierpaolo Pellicori
- Robertson Institute of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Francesco Filidei
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Nicolò De Biase
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Pasquale Maffia
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Tomasz J Guzik
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Krakow 31-008, Poland
| | - Stefano Masi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Stefano Taddei
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - John G F Cleland
- Robertson Institute of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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Verwerft J, Bertrand PB, Claessen G, Herbots L, Verbrugge FH. Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing With Simultaneous Echocardiography: Blueprints of a Dyspnea Clinic for Suspected HFpEF. JACC. HEART FAILURE 2023; 11:243-249. [PMID: 36754531 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Verwerft
- Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Philippe B Bertrand
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium; Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk, Belgium
| | - Guido Claessen
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lieven Herbots
- Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Frederik H Verbrugge
- Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospital Brussels, Jette, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
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Kagami K, Obokata M, Harada T, Sorimachi H, Yuasa N, Saito Y, Kato T, Wada N, Adachi T, Ishii H. Incremental diagnostic value of post-exercise lung congestion in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2023; 24:553-561. [PMID: 36691846 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jead007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Lung ultrasound (LUS) may unmask occult heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) by demonstrating an increase in extravascular lung water (EVLW) during exercise. Here, we sought to examine the dynamic changes in ultrasound B-lines during exercise to identify the optimal timeframe for HFpEF diagnosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Patients with HFpEF (n = 134) and those without HF (controls, n = 121) underwent a combination of exercise stress echocardiography and LUS with simultaneous expired gas analysis to identify exercise EVLW. Exercise EVLW was defined by B-lines that were newly developed or increased during exercise. The E/e' ratio peaked during maximal exercise and immediately decreased during the recovery period in patients with HFpEF. Exercise EVLW was most prominent during the recovery period in patients with HFpEF, while its prevalence did not increase from peak exercise to the recovery period in controls. Exercise EVLW was associated with a higher E/e' ratio and pulmonary artery pressure, lower right ventricular systolic function, and elevated minute ventilation to carbon dioxide production (VE vs. VCO2) slope during peak exercise. Increases in B-lines from rest to the recovery period provided an incremental diagnostic value to identify HFpEF over the H2FPEF score and resting left atrial reservoir strain. CONCLUSION Exercise EVLW was most prominent early during the recovery period; this may be the optimal timeframe for imaging ultrasound B-lines. Exercise stress echocardiography with assessments of recovery EVLW may enhance the diagnosis of HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Kagami
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masaru Obokata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Tomonari Harada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hidemi Sorimachi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Naoki Yuasa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yuki Saito
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Kato
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Naoki Wada
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Takeshi Adachi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hideki Ishii
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
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Hirose K, Nakanishi K, Daimon M, Yoshida Y, Ishiwata J, Nakao T, Morita H, Di Tullio MR, Homma S, Komuro I. Prevalence, Determinants, and Prognostic Value of Left Atrial Dysfunction in Patients With Chronic Coronary Syndrome and Normal Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction. Am J Cardiol 2023; 187:30-37. [PMID: 36459745 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2022.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Patients with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS), even when they have complete revascularization and normal left ventricular (LV) systolic function, experience subsequent cardiovascular disease (CVD), highlighting the importance of surrogate markers to prevent adverse consequences. Speckle-tracking echocardiography-derived left atrial (LA) reservoir strain has emerged as a sensitive marker for CVD in various clinical settings. The present study investigated the prevalence, determinants, and prognostic value of LA dysfunction in CCS. We included 278 consecutive patients with CCS with completed percutaneous coronary intervention and preserved LV ejection fraction who underwent follow-up echocardiography. Speckle-tracking analysis was performed to assess LA reservoir strain, and LA dysfunction was defined as LA reservoir strain ≤24%. The primary outcome comprised new-onset atrial fibrillation, heart failure hospitalization, acute coronary syndrome, stroke, or all-cause death. At baseline, 28 patients (10.1%) had LA dysfunction. Multivariable analysis identified age, hypertension, LV ejection fraction, and multivessel disease as independent determinants of LA reservoir strain (all p <0.05). During a median follow-up of 4.8 years, the primary outcome occurred in 60 patients (21.6%). LA dysfunction carried a significant risk for primary outcome independent of traditional risk factors, LV parameters, and LA size (adjusted hazard ratio 3.10, p = 0.003); the risk increase remained significant even after excluding atrial fibrillation from the primary outcome (adjusted hazard ratio 2.27, p = 0.043). In conclusion, approximately 10% of patients with CCS with normal LV ejection fraction had LA dysfunction associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Further studies are needed to explore whether therapeutic interventions affecting LA remodeling may help prevent CVD events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutoshi Hirose
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koki Nakanishi
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Masao Daimon
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Departments of Clinical Laboratory, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuriko Yoshida
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Jumpei Ishiwata
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Nakao
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Departments of Clinical Laboratory, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Morita
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Shunichi Homma
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Issei Komuro
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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48
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Echocardiographic evaluation of left atrial strain for predicting iron overload in pediatric patients with β-thalassemia with preserved ejection fraction. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2023; 39:895-906. [PMID: 36607471 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-022-02788-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric patients with β-thalassemia (β-TM) with preserved ejection fraction may experience early myocardial damage. This prospective study aimed to investigate left atrial (LA) function restructure in pediatric patients with β-TM by two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D-STE) and evaluate the value of LA strain for predicting myocardial iron overload (MIO). We recruited 50 β-TM pediatric patients and 30 healthy children aged 3-14 years. The patients were assigned to a normal left ventricular (LV) lesion group (n = 20) and an enlarged LV lesion group (n = 30). Subjects all underwent echocardiography to measure conventional cardiac function parameters and LA strain parameters. The results displayed that LA reservoir strain (LASr), conduit strain (LAScd), contractile strain (LASct) and strain rate were significantly reduced in pediatric patients with β-TM with preserved ejection fraction. LASr, LAScd, and LASct were negatively correlated with the E/e' ratio, of which LASr had the most significant correlation (r = - 0.69, P < 0.001). LASr and LASct correlated positively with T2* (r = 0.70 and 0.62, respectively, all P < 0.001). In the multiple regression, LASr and LASct were independent predictors for T2*. The areas under the curve for LASr and LASct were 0.87 (P < 0.001) and 0.78 (P = 0.004), respectively. Our results demonstrated that LA strains were dramatically impaired in pediatric patients with β-TM, and LASr is an efficient indicator for detecting LV early diastolic dysfunction in β-TM pediatric patients and reflects early myocardial damage. LASr and LASct were independently predictive of MIO, but LASr was a more sensitive predictor.
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49
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Brand A, Romero Dorta E, Wolf A, Blaschke-Waluga D, Seeland U, Crayen C, Bischoff S, Mattig I, Dreger H, Stangl K, Regitz-Zagrosek V, Landmesser U, Knebel F, Stangl V. Phasic left atrial strain to predict worsening of diastolic function: Results from the prospective Berlin Female Risk Evaluation follow-up trial. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1070450. [PMID: 36891246 PMCID: PMC9986257 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1070450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The predictive value of maximum left atrial volume index (LAVI), phasic left atrial strain (LAS) and other standard echocardiographic parameters assessing left ventricular (LV) diastolic function to discriminate a future worsening of diastolic function (DD) in patients at risk is unclear. We aimed to prospectively assess and compare the clinical impact of these parameters in a randomly selected study sample of the general urban female population. Methods and results A comprehensive clinical and echocardiographic evaluation was performed in 256 participants of the Berlin Female Risk Evaluation (BEFRI) trial after a mean follow up time of 6.8 years. After an assessment of participants' current DD status, the predictive impact of an impaired LAS on the course of DD was assessed and compared with LAVI and other DD parameters using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Subjects with no DD (DD0) who showed a decline of diastolic function by the time of follow-up showed a reduced LA reservoir (LASr) and conduit strain (LAScd) compared to subjects who remained in the healthy range (LASr 28.0% ± 7.0 vs. 41.9% ± 8.5; LAScd -13.2% ± 5.1 vs. -25.4% ± 9.1; p < 0.001). With an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.88 (95%CI 0.82-0.94) and 0.84 (95%CI 0.79-0.89), LASr and LAScd exhibited the highest discriminative value in predicting worsening of diastolic function, whereas LAVI was only of limited prognostic value [AUC 0.63 (95%CI 0.54-0.73)]. In logistic regression analyses, LAS remained a significant predictor for a decline of diastolic function after controlling for clinical and standard echocardiographic DD parameters, indicating its incremental predictive value. Conclusion The analysis of phasic LAS may be useful to predict worsening of LV diastolic function in DD0 patients at risk for a future DD development.GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Brand
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elena Romero Dorta
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Adrian Wolf
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniela Blaschke-Waluga
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ute Seeland
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Crayen
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sven Bischoff
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Isabel Mattig
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henryk Dreger
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karl Stangl
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vera Regitz-Zagrosek
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Gender in Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ulf Landmesser
- Department of Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabian Knebel
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Clinical Department of Cardiology, Internal Medicine II, Sana Klinikum Lichtenberg, Berlin, Germany
| | - Verena Stangl
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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50
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Borlaug BA. Exercise Echocardiography: How Hard Do We Really Need to Push? JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2022; 16:S1936-878X(22)00732-X. [PMID: 36752423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Barry A Borlaug
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
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