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Komaniwa S, Hayashi H, Kawamoto H, Sato SB, Ikawa T, Katsura Y, Udaka K. Lipid-mediated presentation of MHC class II molecules guides thymocytes to the CD4 lineage. Eur J Immunol 2008; 39:96-112. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.200838796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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2
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Latif R, Kerlero de Rosbo N, Amarant T, Rappuoli R, Sappler G, Ben-Nun A. Reversal of the CD4(+)/CD8(+) T-cell ratio in lymph node cells upon in vitro mitogenic stimulation by highly purified, water-soluble S3-S4 dimer of pertussis toxin. Infect Immun 2001; 69:3073-81. [PMID: 11292726 PMCID: PMC98262 DOI: 10.1128/iai.69.5.3073-3081.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pertussis toxin (PT), a holomer consisting of a catalytic S1 subunit and a B oligomer composed of S2-S4 and S3-S4 dimers, held together by the S5 subunit, exerts profound effects on immune cells, including T-cell mitogenicity. While the mitogenic activity of PT was shown to reside fully within the B oligomer, it could not be assigned to any particular B-oligomer component. In this study, we purified the S3-S4 dimer to homogeneity under conditions propitious to maintenance of the native conformation. In contrast to previous reports which suggested that both S3-S4 and S2-S4 dimers are necessary for mitogenic activity, our preparation of the highly purified S3-S4 dimer was as strongly mitogenic as the B oligomer, suggesting that the S3-S4 dimer accounts for the mitogenic activity of the B oligomer. Moreover, in vitro stimulation of naive lymphocytes by the S3-S4 dimer resulted in reversal of the normal CD4(+)/CD8(+) T-cell ratio from approximately 2:1 to 1:2. The reversal of the CD4(+)/CD8(+) T-cell ratio is unlikely to be due to preferential apoptosis-necrosis of CD4(+) T cells, as indicated by fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis of annexin-stained T-cell subsets, or to preferential stimulation of CD8(+) T cells. The mechanism underlying the reversal requires further investigation. Nevertheless, the data presented indicate that the S3-S4 dimer may have potential use in the context of diseases amenable to immunological modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Latif
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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3
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Abstract
CTX is a surface antigen whose expression in larval and adult Xenopus is primarily restricted to MHC class I-negative immature cortical thymocytes. In adult Xenopus, surface expression of CTX marks a population of MHC class I(-) CD8(+) immature thymocytes that appears to be the equivalent of the mammalian CD4CD8 double positive subset. The present study reveals that transient in vitro exposure of immature CTX(+) thymocytes from MHC class I-negative tadpoles to suboptimal mitogenic concentrations of phorbol ester (PMA) plus ionomycin, induces larval cells to differentiate into more mature T-lymphoblasts that express high level of surface CD5 and CD45. These T-lymphoblasts have downregulated CTX, Rag 1 and TdT genes, whereas TCR-beta genes remain actively transcribed. Signaling induced by PMA/ionomycin modulates both class I and class II expression of MHC class I/II-negative larval thymocytes. This study also reveals that larval T-lymphoblasts are composed of two distinct subsets: CD5(high)CD8(-) and CD5 (high)CD8 (high).
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Outbred Strains
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte
- CD5 Antigens/biosynthesis
- CD5 Antigens/genetics
- CD8 Antigens/biosynthesis
- CD8 Antigens/genetics
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- DNA Nucleotidylexotransferase/biosynthesis
- DNA Nucleotidylexotransferase/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Genes, MHC Class I
- Genes, MHC Class II
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/analysis
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/biosynthesis
- Homeodomain Proteins/biosynthesis
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Immunophenotyping
- Ionomycin/pharmacology
- Larva
- Leukocyte Common Antigens/biosynthesis
- Leukocyte Common Antigens/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/biosynthesis
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/cytology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/drug effects
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology
- Thymus Gland/cytology
- Thymus Gland/growth & development
- Xenopus Proteins
- Xenopus laevis/growth & development
- Xenopus laevis/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- J Robert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Box 672, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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Iwabuchi K, Iwabuchi C, Tone S, Itoh D, Tosa N, Negishi I, Ogasawara K, Uede T, Onoé K. Defective development of NK1.1+ T-cell antigen receptor alphabeta+ cells in zeta-associated protein 70 null mice with an accumulation of NK1.1+ CD3- NK-like cells in the thymus. Blood 2001; 97:1765-75. [PMID: 11238119 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v97.6.1765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of natural killer 1.1+ (NK1.1+) CD3+ (NK1.1+ T) cells was analyzed in zeta-associated protein 70 (ZAP-70) null ((-/-)) mice. Both NK1.1+ TCRalphabeta+ and NK1.1+ TCRgammadelta+ cell populations were absent in the thymus and spleen. By contrast, the number of NK1.1+ CD3- cells was increased in these tissues. The NK1.1+ CD3- thymocytes in ZAP-70(-/-) mice had surface phenotypes in common with NK or NK1.1+ T cells. However, some of them were discordant either with NK cells or with NK1.1+ T cells. The NK1.1+ CD3- cells produced interferon-gamma upon stimulation with NK1.1 cross-linking in the presence of interleukin-2 and exhibited a substantial cytotoxicity against YAC-1 cells. Moreover, the generation of NK1.1+ T cells with invariant Valpha14Jalpha281 chains was induced from the NK1.1+ CD3- thymocytes following stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate and ionomycin in a neonatal thymic organ culture. An introduction of TCRalpha and beta transgenes to the ZAP-70(-/-) mice resulted in generation of an NK1.1+ TCRalphabeta(dim) population, whereas no substantial CD4+ CD8- or CD4- CD8+ population that expressed the introduced TCRalphabeta was generated in the mainstream T lineage. These findings demonstrate that ZAP-70 kinase is indispensable for the development of NK1.1+ T cells and that the unique NK1.1+ CD3- thymocytes in ZAP-70(-/-) mice contain immediate precursors of NK1.1+ T cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens/metabolism
- Antigens, Ly
- Antigens, Surface
- CD3 Complex/genetics
- CD3 Complex/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Gene Rearrangement/drug effects
- Immunophenotyping
- Ionomycin/pharmacology
- Killer Cells, Natural/cytology
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Lectins, C-Type
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily B
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/pharmacology
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/physiology
- Proteins/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/metabolism
- Spleen/cytology
- Spleen/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology
- Thymus Gland/cytology
- Thymus Gland/immunology
- ZAP-70 Protein-Tyrosine Kinase
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Affiliation(s)
- K Iwabuchi
- Division of Immunobiology and Molecular Immunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Abstract
The mechanism of development of a unique subset of T cells, thymic NK1.1(+) alpha beta T cells, has been poorly understood. We found that the development of thymic NK1.1(+) alpha beta T cells was defective in mice deficient in ZAP-70. Instead, an accumulation of NK1.1(+) TCR beta(-) NK-like population was detected in the thymus and spleen of the ZAP-70 deficient (ZAP -/-) mouse. In the present report, we examined whether biochemical treatments that replace TCR-mediated positive selection signals could restore the generation of thymic NK1.1(+) alpha beta T cells in ZAP -/- mice using the thymus organ culture. We found that a higher concentration of phorbol ester (PMA) than that required for CD4(+) T cell generation and ionomycin induced the generation of NK1.1(+) alpha beta T cells. Phenotypic analysis of the induced NK1.1(+) alpha beta T cell population suggested that these cells expressed CD8 but not CD4 molecules, which is a different characteristic from ordinary thymic NK1.1(+) alpha beta T cells. These results suggest that differential signaling is required for the generation of mainstream T cells and thymic NK1.1(+) alpha beta T cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Antigens/drug effects
- Antigens/metabolism
- Antigens, Ly
- Antigens, Surface/drug effects
- Antigens, Surface/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Ionomycin/pharmacology
- Ionophores/pharmacology
- Lectins, C-Type
- Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily B
- Organ Culture Techniques
- Phorbol Esters/pharmacology
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/physiology
- Proteins/drug effects
- Proteins/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/drug effects
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Thymus Gland/immunology
- ZAP-70 Protein-Tyrosine Kinase
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tone
- Division of Immunobiology, Section of Pathophysiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
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Kronenberg S, Lai Z, Esser C. Generation of alphabeta T-cell receptor+ CD4- CD8+ cells in major histocompatibility complex class I-deficient mice upon activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Immunology 2000; 100:185-93. [PMID: 10886394 PMCID: PMC2326997 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2567.2000.00022.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene-targeted mice lacking the beta2 microglobulin gene (beta2m-/- mice), and hence functional major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules, do not develop CD4- CD8+ cells. We show here that both in vitro and in vivo treatment with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a trans-activating ligand of the endogenous aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ah-R), bypasses the need for MHC class I molecules for selection into the CD4- CD8+ cell pool. When beta2m-/- dams were given a single dose of 50 microg of TCDD, approximately 13% of CD4- CD8+ thymocytes could be detected in their newborn pups. In TCDD-exposed fetal thymus organ cultures of beta2m-/- mice, approximately 35% CD4- CD8+ thymocytes were detectable. About 16% of these CD4- CD8+ cells bore the alpha beta T-cell receptor (TCR) and approximately 33% bore CD3. Only a minority of the CD8+ cells were heat-shock antigen positive. The cells possessed killing activity as shown using the 51Cr-release assay comprising gamma delta TCR- CD4- CD8+ thymocytes from 3 to 4-day-old b2m-/- mice. Thus, TCDD leads to a significant increase of mature CD4- CD8+ thymocytes in relative and absolute numbers. High numbers of CD4- CD8+ thymocytes developed also in organ cultures from thymi, lacking both MHC class I and class II molecules, exposed to TCDD. A 10-fold transient increase of Notch1 mRNA in thymocytes from fetal thymus organ culture, exposed for 4 days to TCDD, was detected in CD4+ CD8+ cells compared with controls. We suggest that TCDD affects thymic selection and directs the lineage commitment of CD4+ CD8+ thymocytes towards CD4- CD8+ cells, possibly via up-regulation of the Notch1 gene.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- CD3 Complex/analysis
- CD4 Antigens/analysis
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Environmental Pollutants/pharmacology
- Female
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/immunology
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins/pharmacology
- Pregnancy
- Receptor, Notch1
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/analysis
- Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/drug effects
- Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/metabolism
- Receptors, Cell Surface
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Thymus Gland/drug effects
- Thymus Gland/embryology
- Thymus Gland/immunology
- Transcription Factors
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kronenberg
- Division of Immunology, Medical Institute of Environmental Hygiene at Heinrich-Heine-University of D]usseldorf, D]usseldorf, Germany
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Sharp LL, Hedrick SM. Commitment to the CD4 Lineage Mediated by Extracellular Signal-Related Kinase Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase and Lck Signaling. The Journal of Immunology 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.163.12.6598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The development of T cells results in a concordance between the specificity of the TCR for MHC class I and class II molecules and the expression of CD8 and CD4 coreceptors. Based on analogy to simple metazoan models of organ development and lineage commitment, we sought to determine whether extracellular signal-related kinase (Erk) mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway signaling acts as an inductive signal for the CD4 lineage. Here, we show that, by altering the intracellular signaling involving the Erk/MAP kinase pathway, T cells with specificity for MHC class I can be diverted to express CD4, and, conversely, T cells with specificity for MHC class II can be diverted to express CD8. Furthermore, we find that activation of the src-family tyrosine kinase, p56lck is an upstream mediator of lineage commitment. These results suggest a simple mechanism for lineage commitment in T cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie L. Sharp
- Department of Biology and Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093. E-mail address:
| | - Stephen M. Hedrick
- Department of Biology and Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093. E-mail address:
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Palmieri M, Sasso MP, Monese R, Merola M, Faggioli L, Tovey M, Furia A. Interaction of the nuclear protein CBF1 with the kappaB site of the IL-6 gene promoter. Nucleic Acids Res 1999; 27:2785-91. [PMID: 10373597 PMCID: PMC148489 DOI: 10.1093/nar/27.13.2785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear protein CBF1 has been shown to function as an intermediate to target transcription factors,such as the activated Notch receptor,to specific DNA sites. In this paper,we show that CBF1 from cell lines of different origin is able to bind to the[kappa]B site of the IL-6 promoter. By transfection analyses performed in HeLa cells,we demonstrate that overexpressed CBF1 acts as a negative regulator of IL-6 gene transcription and is unable to elicit Notch-dependent activation of this gene. Analyses of protein-DNA interactions indicate that the topology of the complex formed by CBF1 and the target DNA is subtly affected by sequencessurrounding the recognition site. Furthermore,we show that CBF1 induces DNA bending. This finding suggests that CBF1 may influence IL-6 gene transcription by determining a specific conformation of the promoter region.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Palmieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche e della Visione, Sezione Biochimica Facoltá di Medicina e Chirurgia, Universita di Verona, Italy
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9
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Abstract
The transmembrane receptor Notch participates in diverse cell fate decisions throughout embryonic development. Notch receptors and their ligands are expressed in the mammalian thymus, raising the possibility that Notch could regulate T cell fate decisions. Expression of a constitutively activated form of Notch in developing thymocytes causes thymocytes normally destined for the CD4 lineage to adopt the CD8 lineage instead. This suggests that Notch activity normally acts to direct CD4+CD8+ precursors to the CD8 lineage. The choice between CD4 and CD8 T cell fates is also controlled by MHC recognition during positive selection, implying that recognition of class I or II MHC might regulate Notch signaling. Possible models for the regulation of Notch by MHC recognition during CD4 versus CD8 lineage determination are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Robey
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720, USA.
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Basson MA, Bommhardt U, Mee PJ, Tybulewicz VL, Zamoyska R. Molecular requirements for lineage commitment in the thymus--antibody-mediated receptor engagements reveal a central role for lck in lineage decisions. Immunol Rev 1998; 165:181-94. [PMID: 9850861 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.1998.tb01239.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent experiments in our laboratory have focused on the receptor engagements required for the differentiation of fully mature, single positive thymocytes from their double positive precursors. We have used a novel approach which involves the ligation of surface receptors on immature thymocytes with genetically engineered F(ab1)2 reagents, which, unlike conventional antibodies, do not aggregate the CD3 complex to such an extent as to induce extensive deletion of these cells. The experimental data presented in this review indicate that differentiation of the two mature CD4 and CD8 lineages occurs in response to distinct intracellular signals induced by particular receptor engagements. The data suggest that the tyrosine kinase p56lck (lck) plays a crucial role in determining lineage choice, in that maturation of thymocytes into the CD4 lineage occurs upon recruitment of active lck to the T-cell receptor (TCR)/CD3 complex, whereas CD8 maturation can be induced by CD3 ligation in the absence of co-receptor-mediated lck recruitment. A central role for lck activity in determining the threshold for differentiation of the CD4 lineage is revealed in experiments with thymi deficient for a regulator of lck activity, CD45. A model of thymocyte differentiation is presented in which we propose that the relative balance of signals delivered by TCR engagement and lck activation determines lineage choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Basson
- Division of Molecular Immunology, National Institute for Medical Research, London, UK
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