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Genaro K, Luo ZD. Pathophysiological roles of thrombospondin-4 in disease development. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 155:66-73. [PMID: 37391348 PMCID: PMC10753034 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Thrombospondin-4 (TSP-4) belongs to the extracellular matrix glycoprotein family of thrombospondins (TSPs). The multidomain, pentameric structure of TSP-4 allows its interactions with numerous extracellular matrix components, proteins and signaling molecules that enable its modulation to various physiological and pathological processes. Characterization of TSP-4 expression under development and pathogenesis of disorders has yielded important insights into mechanisms underlying the unique role of TSP-4 in mediating various processes including cell-cell, cell-extracellular matrix interactions, cell migration, proliferation, tissue remodeling, angiogenesis, and synaptogenesis. Maladaptation of these processes in response to pathological insults and stress can accelerate the development of disorders including skeletal dysplasia, osteoporosis, degenerative joint disease, cardiovascular diseases, tumor progression/metastasis and neurological disorders. Overall, the diverse functions of TSP-4 suggest that it may be a potential marker or therapeutic target for prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment of various pathological conditions upon further investigations. This review article highlights recent findings on the role of TSP-4 in both physiological and pathological conditions with a focus on what sets it apart from other TSPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Genaro
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Care, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Z David Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Care, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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2
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Chen J, Stork T, Kang Y, Nardone KAM, Auer F, Farrell RJ, Jay TR, Heo D, Sheehan A, Paton C, Nagel KI, Schoppik D, Monk KR, Freeman MR. Astrocyte growth is driven by the Tre1/S1pr1 phospholipid-binding G protein-coupled receptor. Neuron 2024; 112:93-112.e10. [PMID: 38096817 PMCID: PMC11073822 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Astrocytes play crucial roles in regulating neural circuit function by forming a dense network of synapse-associated membrane specializations, but signaling pathways regulating astrocyte morphogenesis remain poorly defined. Here, we show the Drosophila lipid-binding G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) Tre1 is required for astrocytes to establish their intricate morphology in vivo. The lipid phosphate phosphatases Wunen/Wunen2 also regulate astrocyte morphology and, via Tre1, mediate astrocyte-astrocyte competition for growth-promoting lipids. Loss of s1pr1, the functional analog of Tre1 in zebrafish, disrupts astrocyte process elaboration, and live imaging and pharmacology demonstrate that S1pr1 balances proper astrocyte process extension/retraction dynamics during growth. Loss of Tre1 in flies or S1pr1 in zebrafish results in defects in simple assays of motor behavior. Tre1 and S1pr1 are thus potent evolutionarily conserved regulators of the elaboration of astrocyte morphological complexity and, ultimately, astrocyte control of behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiakun Chen
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| | - Tobias Stork
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Yunsik Kang
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Katherine A M Nardone
- Departments of Otolaryngology and Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Franziska Auer
- Departments of Otolaryngology and Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ryan J Farrell
- Neuroscience Institute, NYU Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Taylor R Jay
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Dongeun Heo
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Amy Sheehan
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Cameron Paton
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | | | - David Schoppik
- Departments of Otolaryngology and Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kelly R Monk
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| | - Marc R Freeman
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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3
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Jiang H, Zhou C, Qiu L, Gropler RJ, Brier MR, Wu GF, Cross AH, Perlmutter JS, Benzinger TLS, Tu Z. Quantitative Analysis of S1PR1 Expression in the Postmortem Multiple Sclerosis Central Nervous System. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:4039-4050. [PMID: 37882753 PMCID: PMC11037862 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease that is characterized by demyelination and inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS). Previous studies demonstrated that sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) modulators effectively inhibit S1PR1 in immune cell trafficking and reduce entry of pathogenic cells into the CNS. Studies have also implicated a nonimmune, inflammatory role of S1PR1 within the CNS in MS. In this study, we explored the expression of S1PR1 in the development and progression of demyelinating pathology of MS by quantitative assessment of S1PR1 expression using our S1PR1-specific radioligand, [3H]CS1P1, in the postmortem human CNS tissues including cortex, cerebellum, and spinal cord of MS cases and age- and sex-matched healthy cases. Immunohistochemistry with whole slide scanning for S1PR1 and various myelin proteins was also performed. Autoradiographic analysis using [3H]CS1P1 showed that the expression of S1PR1 was statistically significantly elevated in lesions compared to nonlesion regions in the MS cases, as well as normal healthy controls. The uptake of [3H]CS1P1 in the gray matter and nonlesion white matter did not significantly differ between healthy and MS CNS tissues. Saturation autoradiography analysis showed an increased binding affinity (Kd) of [3H]CS1P1 to S1PR1 in both gray matter and white matter of MS brains compared to healthy brains. Our blocking study using NIBR-0213, a S1PR1 antagonist, indicated [3H]CS1P1 is highly specific to S1PR1. Our findings demonstrated the activation of S1PR1 and an increased uptake of [3H]CS1P1 in the lesions of MS CNS. In summary, our quantitative autoradiography analysis using [3H]CS1P1 on human postmortem tissues shows the feasibility of novel imaging strategies for MS by targeting S1PR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Charles Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Lin Qiu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Robert J Gropler
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Matthew R Brier
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Gregory F Wu
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Anne H Cross
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Joel S Perlmutter
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Tammie L S Benzinger
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Zhude Tu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
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Li CY, Jiang HF, Li L, Lai XJ, Liu QR, Yu SB, Yi CL, Chen XQ. Neuroglobin Facilitates Neuronal Oxygenation through Tropic Migration under Hypoxia or Anemia in Rat: How Does the Brain Breathe? Neurosci Bull 2023; 39:1481-1496. [PMID: 36884214 PMCID: PMC10533768 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01040-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of neuroglobin (Ngb), a brain- or neuron-specific member of the hemoglobin family, has revolutionized our understanding of brain oxygen metabolism. Currently, how Ngb plays such a role remains far from clear. Here, we report a novel mechanism by which Ngb might facilitate neuronal oxygenation upon hypoxia or anemia. We found that Ngb was present in, co-localized to, and co-migrated with mitochondria in the cell body and neurites of neurons. Hypoxia induced a sudden and prominent migration of Ngb towards the cytoplasmic membrane (CM) or cell surface in living neurons, and this was accompanied by the mitochondria. In vivo, hypotonic and anemic hypoxia induced a reversible Ngb migration toward the CM in cerebral cortical neurons in rat brains but did not alter the expression level of Ngb or its cytoplasm/mitochondria ratio. Knock-down of Ngb by RNA interference significantly diminished respiratory succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and ATPase activity in neuronal N2a cells. Over-expression of Ngb enhanced SDH activity in N2a cells upon hypoxia. Mutation of Ngb at its oxygen-binding site (His64) significantly increased SDH activity and reduced ATPase activity in N2a cells. Taken together, Ngb was physically and functionally linked to mitochondria. In response to an insufficient oxygen supply, Ngb migrated towards the source of oxygen to facilitate neuronal oxygenation. This novel mechanism of neuronal respiration provides new insights into the understanding and treatment of neurological diseases such as stroke and Alzheimer's disease and diseases that cause hypoxia in the brain such as anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yang Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College; Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, The Ministry of Education (HUST), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hai-Feng Jiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College; Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, The Ministry of Education (HUST), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College; Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, The Ministry of Education (HUST), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Lai
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Qian-Rong Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College; Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, The Ministry of Education (HUST), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shang-Bin Yu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College; Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, The Ministry of Education (HUST), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Cheng-La Yi
- Department of Traumatic Surgery, Tong-ji Hospital, Tong-ji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Xiao-Qian Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College; Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, The Ministry of Education (HUST), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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5
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Lo Piccolo L, Umegawachi T, Yeewa R, Potikanond S, Nimlamool W, Prachayasittikul V, Gotoh Y, Yoshida H, Yamaguchi M, Jantrapirom S. A Novel Drosophila-based Drug Repurposing Platform Identified Fingolimod As a Potential Therapeutic for TDP-43 Proteinopathy. Neurotherapeutics 2023; 20:1330-1346. [PMID: 37493896 PMCID: PMC10480388 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-023-01406-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic changes to TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) leading to alteration of its homeostasis are a common feature shared by several progressive neurodegenerative diseases for which there is no effective therapy. Here, we developed Drosophila lines expressing either wild type TDP-43 (WT) or that carrying an Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis /Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration-associating G384C mutation that recapitulate several aspects of the TDP-43 pathology. To identify potential therapeutics for TDP-43-related diseases, we implemented a drug repurposing strategy that involved three consecutive steps. Firstly, we evaluated the improvement of eclosion rate, followed by the assessment of locomotive functions at early and late developmental stages. Through this approach, we successfully identified fingolimod, as a promising candidate for modulating TDP-43 toxicity. Fingolimod exhibited several beneficial effects in both WT and mutant models of TDP-43 pathology, including post-transcriptional reduction of TDP-43 levels, rescue of pupal lethality, and improvement of locomotor dysfunctions. These findings provide compelling evidence for the therapeutic potential of fingolimod in addressing TDP-43 pathology, thereby strengthening the rationale for further investigation and consideration of clinical trials. Furthermore, our study demonstrates the utility of our Drosophila-based screening pipeline in identifying novel therapeutics for TDP-43-related diseases. These findings encourage further scale-up screening endeavors using this platform to discover additional compounds with therapeutic potential for TDP-43 pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Lo Piccolo
- Center of Multidisciplinary Technology for Advanced Medicine (CMUTEAM), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Faculty of Medicine, Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research Centre (MSTR), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Ranchana Yeewa
- Center of Multidisciplinary Technology for Advanced Medicine (CMUTEAM), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Saranyapin Potikanond
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Wutigri Nimlamool
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Virapong Prachayasittikul
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Yusuke Gotoh
- Platform Technology Research Unit, Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideki Yoshida
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Salinee Jantrapirom
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
- Drosophila Centre for Human Diseases and Drug Discovery (DHD), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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6
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Farizatto KLG, Baldwin KT. Astrocyte-synapse interactions during brain development. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2023; 80:102704. [PMID: 36913751 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Bidirectional communication between astrocytes and neurons is essential for proper brain development. Astrocytes, a major glial cell type, are morphologically complex cells that directly interact with neuronal synapses to regulate synapse formation, maturation, and function. Astrocyte-secreted factors bind neuronal receptors to induce synaptogenesis with regional and circuit-level precision. Cell adhesion molecules mediate the direct contact between astrocytes and neurons, which is required for both synaptogenesis and astrocyte morphogenesis. Neuron-derived signals also shape astrocyte development, function, and molecular identity. This review highlights recent findings on the topic of astrocyte-synapse interactions, and discusses the importance of these interactions for synapse and astrocyte development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L G Farizatto
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Katherine T Baldwin
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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7
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van Echten-Deckert G. The role of sphingosine 1-phosphate metabolism in brain health and disease. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 244:108381. [PMID: 36907249 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are essential structural and functional components of the central nervous system (CNS). Sphingolipids are ubiquitous membrane components which were discovered in the brain in the late 19th century. In mammals, the brain contains the highest concentration of sphingolipids in the body. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) derived from membrane sphingolipids evokes multiple cellular responses which, depending on its concentration and localization, make S1P a double-edged sword in the brain. In the present review we highlight the role of S1P in brain development and focus on the often contrasting findings regarding its contributions to the initiation, progression and potential recovery of different brain pathologies, including neurodegeneration, multiple sclerosis (MS), brain cancers, and psychiatric illnesses. A detailed understanding of the critical implications of S1P in brain health and disease may open the door for new therapeutic options. Thus, targeting S1P-metabolizing enzymes and/or signaling pathways might help overcome, or at least ameliorate, several brain illnesses.
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8
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Bascuñana P, Brackhan M, Möhle L, Wu J, Brüning T, Eiriz I, Jansone B, Pahnke J. Time- and Sex-Dependent Effects of Fingolimod Treatment in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Biomolecules 2023; 13. [PMID: 36830699 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. Fingolimod has previously shown beneficial effects in different animal models of AD. However, it has shown contradictory effects when it has been applied at early disease stages. Our objective was to evaluate fingolimod in two different treatment paradigms. To address this aim, we treated male and female APP-transgenic mice for 50 days, starting either before plaque deposition at 50 days of age (early) or at 125 days of age (late). To evaluate the effects, we investigated the neuroinflammatory and glial markers, the Aβ load, and the concentration of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). We found a reduced Aβ load only in male animals in the late treatment paradigm. These animals also showed reduced microglia activation and reduced IL-1β. No other treatment group showed any difference in comparison to the controls. On the other hand, we detected a linear correlation between BDNF and the brain Aβ concentrations. The fingolimod treatment has shown beneficial effects in AD models, but the outcome depends on the neuroinflammatory state at the start of the treatment. Thus, according to our data, a fingolimod treatment would be effective after the onset of the first AD symptoms, mainly affecting the neuroinflammatory reaction to the ongoing Aβ deposition.
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Lee S, Williams HC, Gorman AA, Devanney NA, Harrison DA, Walsh AE, Goulding DS, Tuck T, Schwartz JL, Zajac DJ, Macauley SL, Estus S, Julia TCW, Johnson LA, Morganti JM. APOE4 drives transcriptional heterogeneity and maladaptive immunometabolic responses of astrocytes. bioRxiv 2023:2023.02.06.527204. [PMID: 36798317 PMCID: PMC9934552 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.06.527204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) is the strongest risk allele associated with the development of late onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). Across the CNS, astrocytes are the predominant expressor of APOE while also being critical mediators of neuroinflammation and cerebral metabolism. APOE4 has been consistently linked with dysfunctional inflammation and metabolic processes, yet insights into the molecular constituents driving these responses remain unclear. Utilizing complementary approaches across humanized APOE mice and isogenic human iPSC astrocytes, we demonstrate that ApoE4 alters the astrocyte immunometabolic response to pro-inflammatory stimuli. Our findings show that ApoE4-expressing astrocytes acquire distinct transcriptional repertoires at single-cell and spatially-resolved domains, which are driven in-part by preferential utilization of the cRel transcription factor. Further, inhibiting cRel translocation in ApoE4 astrocytes abrogates inflammatory-induced glycolytic shifts and in tandem mitigates production of multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines. Altogether, our findings elucidate novel cellular underpinnings by which ApoE4 drives maladaptive immunometabolic responses of astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangderk Lee
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY
| | - Holden C. Williams
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY
| | - Amy A. Gorman
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY
| | - Nicholas A. Devanney
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky College of Arts and Sciences, Lexington, KY
| | | | - Adeline E. Walsh
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky College of Arts and Sciences, Lexington, KY
| | - Danielle S. Goulding
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY
| | - Tony Tuck
- Boston University, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - James L. Schwartz
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY
| | - Diana J. Zajac
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky College of Arts and Sciences, Lexington, KY
| | - Shannon L. Macauley
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Steven Estus
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky College of Arts and Sciences, Lexington, KY
| | - TCW Julia
- Boston University, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Lance A. Johnson
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky College of Arts and Sciences, Lexington, KY
| | - Josh M. Morganti
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY
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10
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Freel BA, Kelvington BA, Sengupta S, Mukherjee M, Francis KR. Sterol dysregulation in Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome causes astrocyte immune reactivity through microglia crosstalk. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:dmm049843. [PMID: 36524414 PMCID: PMC10655813 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to the need for de novo cholesterol synthesis and cholesterol-enriched structures within the nervous system, cholesterol homeostasis is critical to neurodevelopment. Diseases caused by genetic disruption of cholesterol biosynthesis, such as Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome, which is caused by mutations in 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR7), frequently result in broad neurological deficits. Although astrocytes regulate multiple neural processes ranging from cell migration to network-level communication, immunological activation of astrocytes is a hallmark pathology in many diseases. However, the impact of DHCR7 on astrocyte function and immune activation remains unknown. We demonstrate that astrocytes from Dhcr7 mutant mice display hallmark signs of reactivity, including increased expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and cellular hypertrophy. Transcript analyses demonstrate extensive Dhcr7 astrocyte immune activation, hyper-responsiveness to glutamate stimulation and altered calcium flux. We further determine that the impacts of Dhcr7 are not astrocyte intrinsic but result from non-cell-autonomous effects of microglia. Our data suggest that astrocyte-microglia crosstalk likely contributes to the neurological phenotypes observed in disorders of cholesterol biosynthesis. Additionally, these data further elucidate a role for cholesterol metabolism within the astrocyte-microglia immune axis, with possible implications in other neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany A. Freel
- Basic Biomedical Sciences, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
- Cellular Therapies and Stem Cell Biology Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Benjamin A. Kelvington
- Cellular Therapies and Stem Cell Biology Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Sonali Sengupta
- Cellular Therapies and Stem Cell Biology Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Malini Mukherjee
- Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Kevin R. Francis
- Cellular Therapies and Stem Cell Biology Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA
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11
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Chand GB, Jiang H, Miller JP, Rhodes CH, Tu Z, Wong DF. Differential Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor-1 Protein Expression in the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Between Schizophrenia Type 1 and Type 2. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:827981. [PMID: 35350429 PMCID: PMC8957823 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.827981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the etiology and treatment approaches in schizophrenia is challenged in part by the heterogeneity of this disorder. One encouraging progress is the growing evidence that there are subtypes of schizophrenia. Recent in vitro findings of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) gene expression on postmortem dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) showed that schizophrenia has two subtypes, those with a relatively normal DLPFC transcriptome (Type 1) and those with differentially expressed genes (Type 2). Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-1 (S1PR1) is one of the genes that was highly upregulated in Type 2 compared to Type 1 and controls. The impact of that finding is limited because it only can be confirmed through analysis of autopsy tissue, and the clinical characteristics such as symptoms severity or illness duration except for cause of death was not available from that Medical Examiner based autopsy study. However, S1PR1 has great potential because it is a target gene that can be accessed via positron emission tomography (PET) in vivo using specific radioligands (starting with [11C]CS1P1) successfully developed at our center in human brain imaging. As a preliminary study to validate this PET target in schizophrenia, S1PR1 protein expression was assessed by receptor autoradiography (ARG) using [3H]CS1P1 and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in the DLPFC from patients with schizophrenia classified as Type 1 or Type 2 based on their DLPFC transcriptomes and from controls. Our analyses demonstrate that ARG S1PR1 protein expression is significantly higher in Type 2 compared to Type 1 (p < 0.05) and controls (p < 0.05), which was consistent with previous mRNA S1PR1. These findings support the possibility that PET S1PR1 can be used as a future imaging biomarker to distinguish these subgroups of schizophrenic patients during life with obvious implications for both patient management and the design of clinical trials to validate novel pharmacologic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh B. Chand
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Hao Jiang
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - J. Philip Miller
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | | | - Zhude Tu
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Dean Foster Wong
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience, and Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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