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Anderson ME, Wind EJ, Robison LS. Exploring the neuroprotective role of physical activity in cerebral small vessel disease. Brain Res 2024; 1833:148884. [PMID: 38527712 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) is a common neurological finding characterized by abnormalities of the small blood vessels in the brain. Previous research has established a strong connection between cSVD and stroke, as well as neurodegenerative disorders, notably Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias. As the search for effective interventions continues, physical activity (PA) has emerged as a potential preventative and therapeutic avenue. This review synthesizes the human and animal literature on the influence of PA on cSVD, highlighting the importance of determining optimal exercise protocols, considering aspects such as intensity, duration, timing, and exercise type. Furthermore, the necessity of widening the age bracket in research samples is discussed, ensuring a holistic understanding of the interventions across varying pathological stages of the disease. The review also suggests the potential of exploring diverse biomarkers and risk profiles associated with clinically significant outcomes. Moreover, we review findings demonstrating the beneficial effects of PA in various rodent models of cSVD, which have uncovered numerous mechanisms of neuroprotection, including increases in neuroplasticity and integrity of the vasculature and white matter; decreases in inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction; and alterations in amyloid processing and neurotransmitter signaling. In conclusion, this review highlights the potential of physical activity as a preventive strategy for addressing cSVD, offering insights into the need for refining exercise parameters, diversifying research populations, and exploring novel biomarkers, while shedding light on the intricate mechanisms through which exercise confers neuroprotection in both humans and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Anderson
- Department of Psychology, Family, and Justice Studies, University of Saint Joseph, 1678 Asylum Ave, West Hartford, CT 06117, USA
| | - Eleanor J Wind
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Nova Southeastern University, 3300 S. University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Lisa S Robison
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Nova Southeastern University, 3300 S. University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA.
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James C, Müller D, Müller C, Van De Looij Y, Altenmüller E, Kliegel M, Van De Ville D, Marie D. Randomized controlled trials of non-pharmacological interventions for healthy seniors: Effects on cognitive decline, brain plasticity and activities of daily living-A 23-year scoping review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26674. [PMID: 38707392 PMCID: PMC11066598 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the simultaneous effects of non-pharmacological interventions (NPI) on healthy older adults' behavior and brain plasticity, as measured by psychometric instruments and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The purpose of this scoping review was to compile an extensive list of randomized controlled trials published from January 1, 2000, to August 31, 2023, of NPI for mitigating and countervailing age-related physical and cognitive decline and associated cerebral degeneration in healthy elderly populations with a mean age of 55 and over. After inventorying the NPI that met our criteria, we divided them into six classes: single-domain cognitive, multi-domain cognitive, physical aerobic, physical non-aerobic, combined cognitive and physical aerobic, and combined cognitive and physical non-aerobic. The ultimate purpose of these NPI was to enhance individual autonomy and well-being by bolstering functional capacity that might transfer to activities of daily living. The insights from this study can be a starting point for new research and inform social, public health, and economic policies. The PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist served as the framework for this scoping review, which includes 70 studies. Results indicate that medium- and long-term interventions combining non-aerobic physical exercise and multi-domain cognitive interventions best stimulate neuroplasticity and protect against age-related decline and that outcomes may transfer to activities of daily living.
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Affiliation(s)
- C.E. James
- Geneva Musical Minds Lab (GEMMI Lab), Geneva School of Health Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland HES-SO, Avenue de Champel 47, 1206, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Boulevard Carl-Vogt 101, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D.M. Müller
- Geneva Musical Minds Lab (GEMMI Lab), Geneva School of Health Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland HES-SO, Avenue de Champel 47, 1206, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C.A.H. Müller
- Geneva Musical Minds Lab (GEMMI Lab), Geneva School of Health Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland HES-SO, Avenue de Champel 47, 1206, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Y. Van De Looij
- Geneva Musical Minds Lab (GEMMI Lab), Geneva School of Health Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland HES-SO, Avenue de Champel 47, 1206, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Child Development and Growth, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Geneva, 6 Rue Willy Donzé, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM), Animal Imaging and Technology Section, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH F1 - Station 6, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - E. Altenmüller
- Hannover University of Music, Drama and Media, Institute for Music Physiology and Musicians' Medicine, Neues Haus 1, 30175, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Bünteweg 2, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - M. Kliegel
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Boulevard Carl-Vogt 101, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Switzerland, Chemin de Pinchat 22, 1207, Carouge, Switzerland
| | - D. Van De Ville
- Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Neuro-X Institute, Campus Biotech, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- University of Geneva, Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medecine, Campus Biotech, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D. Marie
- Geneva Musical Minds Lab (GEMMI Lab), Geneva School of Health Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland HES-SO, Avenue de Champel 47, 1206, Geneva, Switzerland
- CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Cognitive and Affective Neuroimaging Section, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
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Zhang W, Zhou C, Chen A. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of physical exercise on white matter integrity and cognitive function in older adults. GeroScience 2024; 46:2641-2651. [PMID: 38108993 PMCID: PMC10828294 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-01033-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In the context of a globally aging population, exploring interventions that counteract age-related cognitive decline and cerebral structural alterations is paramount. Among various strategies, physical exercise (PE) emerges as a prevalent activity routinely incorporated in many individuals' lives. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to elucidate the impact of PE on white matter (WM) integrity and cognitive function in older adults. Data from 581 participants, 312 in the PE intervention group, and 269 in the control group were extracted from nine randomized controlled trials (RCTs) retrieved from databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. The results indicated a significant improvement in white matter (WM) integrity in individuals engaged in PE, as evidenced by enhanced fractional anisotropy (FA) scores (SMD = 0.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.05, 0.75], P = 0.024). The GRADE assessment revealed a moderate risk. However, no significant associations were found between PE and other metrics such as radial diffusivity (RD), mean diffusivity (MD), white matter volume (WMV), hippocampal volume (HV), and cognitive functions (executive function [EF], memory, processing speed). In conclusion, our study emphasizes the potential neurostructural and cognitive functional benefits of physical exercise for the brain health of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weikun Zhang
- School of Psychology, Research Center for Exercise and Brain Science, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200082, China
| | - Chenglin Zhou
- School of Psychology, Research Center for Exercise and Brain Science, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200082, China
| | - Antao Chen
- School of Psychology, Research Center for Exercise and Brain Science, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200082, China.
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Dao E, Barha CK, Zou J, Wei N, Liu-Ambrose T. Prevention of Vascular Contributions to Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: The Role of Physical Activity and Exercise. Stroke 2024; 55:812-821. [PMID: 38410973 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.123.044173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia, specifically cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), are the second most common cause of dementia. Currently, there are no specific pharmacological treatments for CSVD, and the use of conventional antidementia drugs is not recommended. Exercise has the potential to prevent and mitigate CSVD-related brain damage and improve cognitive function. Mechanistic pathways underlying the neurocognitive benefits of exercise include the control of vascular risk factors, improving endothelial function, and upregulating exerkines. Notably, the therapeutic efficacy of exercise may vary by exercise type (ie, aerobic versus resistance training) and biological sex; thus, studies designed specifically to examine these moderating factors within a CSVD context are needed. Furthermore, future research should prioritize resistance training interventions, given their tremendous therapeutic potential. Addressing these knowledge gaps will help us refine exercise recommendations to maximize their therapeutic impact in the prevention and mitigation of CSVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Dao
- Department of Radiology (E.D.)
- Department of Physical Therapy, Aging, Mobility, and Cognitive Health Laboratory (E.D., J.Z., N.W., T.L.-A.), Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (E.D., J.Z., N.W., T.L.-A.)
| | - Cindy K Barha
- Faculty of Kinesiology (C.K.B.), University of Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute (C.K.B.), University of Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jammy Zou
- Department of Physical Therapy (J.Z., N.W., T.L.-A.)
- Department of Physical Therapy, Aging, Mobility, and Cognitive Health Laboratory (E.D., J.Z., N.W., T.L.-A.), Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (E.D., J.Z., N.W., T.L.-A.)
- Centre for Aging SMART at Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, BC, Canada (J.Z., N.W., T.L.-A.)
| | - Nathan Wei
- Department of Physical Therapy (J.Z., N.W., T.L.-A.)
- Department of Physical Therapy, Aging, Mobility, and Cognitive Health Laboratory (E.D., J.Z., N.W., T.L.-A.), Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (E.D., J.Z., N.W., T.L.-A.)
- Centre for Aging SMART at Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, BC, Canada (J.Z., N.W., T.L.-A.)
| | - Teresa Liu-Ambrose
- Department of Physical Therapy (J.Z., N.W., T.L.-A.)
- Department of Physical Therapy, Aging, Mobility, and Cognitive Health Laboratory (E.D., J.Z., N.W., T.L.-A.), Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (E.D., J.Z., N.W., T.L.-A.)
- Centre for Aging SMART at Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, BC, Canada (J.Z., N.W., T.L.-A.)
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Wang J, Li Y, Yang GY, Jin K. Age-Related Dysfunction in Balance: A Comprehensive Review of Causes, Consequences, and Interventions. Aging Dis 2024:AD.2024.0124-1. [PMID: 38607735 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.0124-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This review delves into the multifaceted aspects of age-related balance changes, highlighting their prevalence, underlying causes, and the impact they have on the elderly population. Central to this discussion is the exploration of various physiological changes that occur with aging, such as alterations in the vestibular, visual, proprioceptive systems, and musculoskeletal degeneration. We examine the role of neurological disorders, cognitive decline, and medication side effects in exacerbating balance issues. The review underscores the significance of early detection and effective intervention strategies in mitigating the risks associated with balance problems, such as falls and reduced mobility. It discusses the effectiveness of diverse intervention strategies, including exercise programs, rehabilitation techniques, and technological advancements like virtual reality, wearable devices, and telemedicine. Additionally, the review stresses the importance of a holistic approach in managing balance disorders, encompassing medication review, addressing comorbidities, and environmental modifications. The paper also presents future research directions, emphasizing the need for a deeper understanding of the complex mechanisms underlying balance changes with aging and the potential of emerging technologies and interdisciplinary approaches in enhancing assessment and intervention methods. This comprehensive review aims to provide valuable insights for healthcare providers, researchers, and policymakers in developing targeted strategies to improve the quality of life and ensure the well-being of the aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixian Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongfang Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Yuan Yang
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kunlin Jin
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
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Roig-Coll F, Castells-Sánchez A, Monté-Rubio G, Dacosta-Aguayo R, Lamonja-Vicente N, Torán-Monserrat P, Pere G, García-Molina A, Tormos JM, Alzamora MT, Stavros D, Sánchez-Ceron M, Via M, Erickson KI, Mataró M. Changes in cardiovascular health and white matter integrity with aerobic exercise, cognitive and combined training in physically inactive healthy late-middle-aged adults: the "Projecte Moviment" randomized controlled trial. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:909-924. [PMID: 37768344 PMCID: PMC10879245 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05319-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This is a 12-weeks randomized controlled trial examining the effects of aerobic exercise (AE), computerized cognitive training (CCT) and their combination (COMB). We aim to investigate their impact on cardiovascular health and white matter (WM) integrity and how they contribute to the cognitive benefits. METHODS 109 participants were recruited and 82 (62% female; age = 58.38 ± 5.47) finished the intervention with > 80% adherence. We report changes in cardiovascular risk factors and WM integrity (fractional anisotropy (FA); mean diffusivity (MD)), how they might be related to changes in physical activity, age and sex, and their potential role as mediators in cognitive improvements. RESULTS A decrease in BMI (SMD = - 0.32, p = 0.039), waist circumference (SMD = - 0.42, p = 0.003) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (SMD = - 0.42, p = 0.006) in the AE group and a decrease in BMI (SMD = - 0.34, p = 0.031) and DBP (SMD = - 0.32, p = 0.034) in the COMB group compared to the waitlist control group was observed. We also found decreased global MD in the CCT group (SMD = - 0.34; p = 0.032) and significant intervention-related changes in FA and MD in the frontal and temporal lobes in the COMB group. CONCLUSIONS We found changes in anthropometric measures that suggest initial benefits on cardiovascular health after only 12 weeks of AE and changes in WM microstructure in the CCT and COMB groups. These results add evidence of the clinical relevance of lifestyle interventions and the potential benefits when combining them. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT031123900.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Roig-Coll
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 171, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Castells-Sánchez
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 171, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Monté-Rubio
- Institut de Neurociències, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centre de Medicina Comparativa i Bioimatge (CMCiB), Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias I Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Rosalía Dacosta-Aguayo
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 171, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Mataró, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Noemí Lamonja-Vicente
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 171, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Mataró, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Pere Torán-Monserrat
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Mataró, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Guillem Pere
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Mataró, Spain
| | - Alberto García-Molina
- Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - José Maria Tormos
- Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa Alzamora
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Mataró, Spain
| | - Dimitriadis Stavros
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 171, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Sánchez-Ceron
- Institut de Diagnòstic per la Imatge, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Marc Via
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 171, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Kirk I Erickson
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
- AdventHealth Research Institute, Orlando, FL, USA
- Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Maria Mataró
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 171, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut de Neurociències, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain.
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Lin C, Li D, Wang X, Yang S. Chronic exercise interventions for executive function in overweight children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1336648. [PMID: 38435336 PMCID: PMC10907994 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1336648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives To systematically evaluate the effectiveness of chronic exercise in physical activity (PA) as an intervention for executive functions (EFs) in children. Methods We conducted a systematic search in the following online databases: Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, and EBSCOhost. The timing is from database inception to July 2023, following PRISMA guidelines. Our inclusion criteria required studies reporting executive function (EF) levels in overweight children (age 0-18 years) before and after interventions. The Cochrane risk of bias tool assessed study bias, and Egger's test examined publication bias. Subgroup analyses considered three moderators: intervention duration, weekly frequency, and session length. Results The meta-analysis included a total of 10 studies with 843 participants. It revealed a statistically significant yet relatively small overall positive effect (g = 0.3, 95% CI 0.16-0.44, P < 0.01) of chronic exercise on EF in overweight children. Importantly, there was no significant heterogeneity (Q = 11.64, df = 12, P = 0.48; I2 = 0). Conclusions Chronic exercise interventions had a consistent positive impact on EF, irrespective of intervention duration, weekly frequency, or session length. However, given limitations in the number and design of studies, further high-quality research is needed to strengthen these conclusions. Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO identifier (CRD42023468588).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shuo Yang
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Fiscella AJ, Andel R. The Association Between Physical Activity, Obesity, and Cognition in Middle-Aged and Older Adults. J Aging Phys Act 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38335949 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2022-0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
As rates of obesity continue to rise, so does the impact of obesity on cognitive function. Engaging in physical activity is one pathway through which individuals can help maintain cognitive function. This study examined whether any link between exercise and cognitive function was associated with weight characteristics. Data from 6,012 participants in the Health and Retirement Study were used. The association between participation in light or moderate physical activity and better cognitive function was particularly strong for overweight or obese adults and less so for those who were normal weight. Overall, the findings suggested that while being physically active is associated with better cognitive function regardless of weight, the associations were stronger for individuals who were overweight/obese compared with those who were normal weight. Given the results were particularly pronounced for waist circumference (relative to body mass index), further research should be conducted to examine if individuals with greater abdominal adiposity may benefit most from staying active in terms of their cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Fiscella
- School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ross Andel
- Edson College of Nursing & Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Neurology, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
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9
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Latino F, Tafuri F. Physical Activity and Cognitive Functioning. Medicina (Kaunas) 2024; 60:216. [PMID: 38399504 PMCID: PMC10890300 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60020216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Neuroscience applied to motor activity is a growing area that aims to understand the effects of motor activity on the structures and functions of the Central Nervous System. Attention has been paid to this multidisciplinary field of investigation by the scientific community both because it is of great importance in the treatment of many chronic diseases and because of its potential applications in the Movement Sciences. Motor activity during a developmental age is, in fact, an indispensable tool for the physical and mental growth of children, both able-bodied and disabled. Through movement, individuals can improve their physical efficiency and promote their own better health, establish relationships with the environment and others, express themselves and their emotions, form their identity and develop cognitive processes. This literature review aims, therefore, to highlight how an adequate practice of motor activity offers extraordinary possibilities for everyone in relation to learning, from the perspective of an integral development of the person, and, consequently, can raise the awareness of those involved in the training and growth, especially the youngest, towards the educational value of motor and sports activities. According to this review, and in line with the modern neuroscientific approach toward the relationships between motor activities and cognitive functions, it is possible to claim that hypokinesia tends to inhibit learning. Therefore, it now seems more topical than ever to draw attention to the need to introduce working proposals that integrate brain-based motor activity programs into the school curriculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Latino
- Department of Human Science, Educational and Sport, Pegaso University, 80143 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Tafuri
- Heracle Lab Research in Educational Neuroscience, Niccolò Cusano University, 00166 Rome, Italy;
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Mather MA, Ho EH, Bedjeti K, Karpouzian-Rogers T, Rogalski EJ, Gershon R, Weintraub S. Measuring Multidimensional Aspects of Health in the Oldest Old Using the NIH Toolbox: Results From the ARMADA Study. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2024:acad105. [PMID: 38216151 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acad105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The percentage of older adults living into their 80s and beyond is expanding rapidly. Characterization of typical cognitive performance in this population is complicated by a dearth of normative data for the oldest old. Additionally, little attention has been paid to other aspects of health, such as motor, sensory, and emotional functioning, that may interact with cognitive changes to predict quality of life and well-being. The current study used the NIH Toolbox (NIHTB) to determine age group differences between persons aged 65-84 and 85+ with normal cognition. METHOD Participants were recruited in two age bands (i.e., 65-84 and 85+). All participants completed the NIHTB Cognition, Motor, Sensation, and Emotion modules. Independent-samples t-tests determined age group differences with post-hoc adjustments using Bonferroni corrections. All subtest and composite scores were then regressed on age and other demographic covariates. RESULTS The 65-84 group obtained significantly higher scores than the 85+ group across all cognitive measures except oral reading, all motor measures except gait speed, and all sensation measures except pain interference. Age remained a significant predictor after controlling for covariates. Age was not significantly associated with differences in emotion scores. CONCLUSIONS Results support the use of the NIHTB in persons over 85 with normal cognition. As expected, fluid reasoning abilities and certain motor and sensory functions decreased with age in the oldest old. Inclusion of motor and sensation batteries is warranted when studying trajectories of aging in the oldest old to allow for multidimensional characterization of health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly A Mather
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Emily H Ho
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Katy Bedjeti
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tatiana Karpouzian-Rogers
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Emily J Rogalski
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Richard Gershon
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sandra Weintraub
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Tomaszewski Farias S, Fox J, Dulaney H, Chan M, Namboodiri S, Harvey DJ, Weakley A, Rahman S, Luna C, Beech BF, Campbell L, Schmitter-Edgecombe M. Memory support training and lifestyle modifications to promote healthy aging in persons at risk for Alzheimer's disease: a digital application supported intervention (Brain Boosters). BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:881. [PMID: 38129775 PMCID: PMC10740219 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04574-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence-based interventions to protect against cognitive decline among older adults at risk for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) are urgently needed. Rehabilitation approaches to support memory and behavioral/lifestyle interventions are recognized as promising strategies for preserving or improving cognitive health, although few previous interventions have combined both approaches. This paper describes the protocol of the Brain Boosters intervention, which synergistically combines training in compensatory and healthy lifestyle behaviors and supports implementation and tracking of new behaviors with a digital application. METHODS The study utilizes a single-site, single-blinded, randomized controlled design to compare a structured lifestyle and compensatory aid intervention to an education-only self-guided intervention. We plan to enroll 225 community-dwelling adults (25% from underrepresented groups) aged 65 + who endorse subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and low baseline levels of healthy lifestyle behaviors. Both interventions will be administered in group format, consisting of 15 two-hour classes that occur weekly for ten weeks and taper to bi-monthly and monthly, for an intervention duration of 6 months. Participants in both interventions will receive education about a variety of memory support strategies and healthy lifestyle behaviors, focusing on physical and cognitive activity and stress management. The structured intervention will also receive support in adopting new behaviors and tracking set goals aided by the Electronic Memory and Management Aid (EMMA) digital application. Primary outcomes include global cognition (composite of memory, attention, and executive function tests) and everyday function (Everyday Cognition Questionnaire). Data will be collected at baseline and outcome visits, at approximately 6, 12, and 18 months. Qualitative interviews, self-report surveys (e.g., indicators of self-determination, health literacy) and EMMA data metrics will also be used to identify what components of the intervention are most effective and for whom they work. DISCUSSION Successful project completion will provide valuable information about how individuals with SCD respond to a compensation and preventative lifestyle intervention assisted by a digital application, including an understanding of factors that may impact outcomes, treatment uptake, and adherence. The work will also inform development, scaling, and personalization of future interventions that can delay disability in individuals at risk for ADRD. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov. (NCT05027789, posted 8/30/2021).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J Fox
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, USA
| | - H Dulaney
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, USA
| | - M Chan
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, USA
| | - S Namboodiri
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, USA
| | - D J Harvey
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Davis, Davis, USA
| | - A Weakley
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, USA
| | - S Rahman
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, USA
| | - C Luna
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, USA
| | - B F Beech
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, USA
| | - L Campbell
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, USA
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12
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Tian S, Liang Z, Qiu F, Wang X. Physical activity on executive function in sedentary individuals: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294251. [PMID: 38060501 PMCID: PMC10703253 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity has been demonstrated to promote cognitive performance. However, the relationship between physical activity and executive function (EF) in sedentary individuals is not fully understood. This meta-analysis examined the impact of physical activity on EF in sedentary individuals and evaluated potential moderators of the relationship between physical activity and EF. In accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, the electronic databases MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO and Web of Science were searched. Included studies had to report sedentary individuals randomized to either a physical activity group or a control group. Subgroup analyses of EF sub-domains, exercise prescription and age were conducted alongside the overall meta-analysis. Thirteen RCT studies were included, with a total of 752 participants. Results showed a small to moderate beneficial effect of physical activity on EF (SMD = 0.24, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.40). In subgroup analysis by EF sub-domains, physical activity enhanced inhibitory control (SMD = 0.38, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.63) and working memory (SMD = 0.22, 95% CI -0.05 to 0.49), but not cognitive flexibility (SMD = 0.11, 95% CI -0.18 to 0.41). Interventions with an intervention length > 12 weeks improved overall EF (SMD = 0.26, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.46), but intervention length ≤ 12 weeks did not (SMD = 0.20, 95% CI -0.08 to 0.47). Interventions with session time ≥ 45 minutes improved overall EF (SMD = 0.47, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.77), but session time < 45 minutes did not (0.17, 95% CI -0.11 to 0.44). Physical activity improves EF for older adults (age ≥ 60 years) (SMD = 0.25, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.42), but not for younger individuals (age < 60 years) (SMD = 0.17, 95% CI -0.25 to 0.59). Overall, physical activity has a beneficial effect on EF in sedentary individuals, although the influence may be domain specific and influenced by exercise prescription and age. These findings have practical implications for those seeking to improve EF in sedentary individuals through physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shudong Tian
- School of Physical Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China
| | - Zhide Liang
- Department of Physical Education, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Fanghui Qiu
- Department of Physical Education, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xianliang Wang
- School of Physical Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China
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13
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Zhang J, Tam WWS, Hounsri K, Kusuyama J, Wu VX. Effectiveness of Combined Aerobic and Resistance Exercise on Cognition, Metabolic Health, Physical Function, and Health-related Quality of Life in Middle-aged and Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2023:S0003-9993(23)00591-9. [PMID: 37875170 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2023.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness of combined aerobic and resistance exercise on cognition, metabolic health, physical function, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in middle-aged and older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). DATA SOURCE AND STUDY SELECTION Systematic search of CINAHL, Cochrane, EMBASE, Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest Dissertation and Thesis, PsycINFO, Web of Science databases, and gray literature from Google Scholar. Pertinent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were selected. The Protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO CRD42023387336). DATA EXTRACTION The risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool by 2 reviewers independently. Outcome data were extracted in a fixed-effect model if heterogeneity test were not significant and I2≤50%; otherwise, the random-effects model was used. DATA SYNTHESIS Sixteen studies with 2426 participants were included in this review. Combined aerobic and resistance exercise had significant positive effects on cognition (SMD=0.34, 95% CI: 0.13 to 0.55), metabolic health on HbA1c (SMD=-0.35, 95% CI: -0.48 to -0.22) and lipid profile (total cholesterol SMD=-0.20, 95% CI: -0.34 to -0.07; low-density lipoprotein SMD=-0.19, 95% CI: -0.33 to -0.05; high-density lipoprotein SMD=0.25, 95% CI: 0.12 to 0.39; and triglycerides SMD=-0.18, 95% CI: -0.31 to -0.04), physical function on aerobic oxygen uptake (SMD=0.58, 95% CI: 0.21 to 0.95) and body mass index (MD=-1.33, 95% CI: -1.84 to -0.82), and physical HRQoL (MD=4.17, 95% CI: 0.86 to 7.48). Our results showed that clinically important effects on cognition may occur in combining the low-moderate intensity of aerobic exercise and progressive intensity of resistance training, the total duration of the exercise needs to be at least 135 minutes per week, among which, resistance training should be at least 60 minutes. CONCLUSION Combined aerobic and resistance exercise effectively improves cognition, ameliorates metabolic health, enhances physical function, and increases physical HRQoL in middle-aged and older adults with T2DM. More RCTs and longitudinal follow-ups are required to provide future evidence of structured combined aerobic and resistance exercise on other domains of cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Zhang
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Clinical Research Centre, Singapore
| | - Wilson Wai San Tam
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Clinical Research Centre, Singapore
| | - Kanokwan Hounsri
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Clinical Research Centre, Singapore
| | - Joji Kusuyama
- Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Vivien Xi Wu
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Clinical Research Centre, Singapore; NUSMED Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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14
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Dong Q, Yang Y, Tang Q, Yang M, Lan A, Xiao H, Wei J, Cao X, Xian Y, Yang Q, Chen D, Zhao J, Li S. Effects of early cognitive rehabilitation training on cognitive function and quality of life in critically ill patients with cognitive impairment: A randomised controlled trial. Aust Crit Care 2023; 36:708-715. [PMID: 36470777 DOI: 10.1016/j.aucc.2022.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients often develop cognitive dysfunction during admission to the ICU and after being transferred out of the ICU, which leads to physical disorders, sleep disorders, and psychological stress.Cognitive rehabilitation training can significantly improve patients' planning, decision-making ability, and executive function. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore the role of early cognitive rehabilitation training in improving cognitive impairment in critically ill patients. METHODS This study was a prospective, randomised, controlled clinical trial conducted from January 2017 to June 2021. Critically ill patients with cognitive impairment admitted to the Department of Intensive Care Medicine of The Third Hospital of Mianyang were randomly divided into the control (n = 68) and intervention groups (n = 68). Cognitive rehabilitation training (including digital operating system training, music therapy, aerobic training, and mental health intervention) was applied to the patients in the intervention group for 6 months, while the control group did not receive any cognitive intervention. Before 3 and 6 months after enrolment, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey Scale were used to evaluate cognitive function and quality of life, respectively, in both groups. RESULTS A total of 136 critical patients were included in the final analysis. There were no significant differences in sex, age, years of education, complications, intensive care unit hospitalisation time, mechanical ventilation time, or the total score of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale when transferred out of the intensive care unit in 24 hours between the two groups. Six months later, the results of the follow-up showed that the cognitive function score in the intervention group was significantly higher than that in the control group (26.69 ± 2.49 vs. 23.03 ± 3.79). The analysis of quality of life showed that the scores in all areas in the intervention group improved. There were significant differences in physical functioning (69.02 ± 8.14 vs. 63.38 ± 11.94), role physical (62.02 ± 12.18 vs. 58.09 ± 8.83), general health (46.00 ± 15.21 vs. 40.38 ± 13.77), vitality (61.00 ± 11.01 vs. 54.38 ± 13.80), social functioning (70.00 ± 10.29 vs. 64.41 ± 13.61), role emotional (78.00 ± 8.00 vs. 72.15 ± 12.18), and mental health (71.00 ± 12.33 vs. 55.37 ± 10.76) between the two groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Early cognitive rehabilitation training can improve cognitive impairment in critically ill patients and their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qionglan Dong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Southwest Medical University, LuZhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, Sichuan Province, 621000, China.
| | - Yuxin Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, Sichuan Province, 621000, China
| | - Qibing Tang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, Sichuan Province, 621000, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, Sichuan Province, 621000, China
| | - An Lan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, Sichuan Province, 621000, China
| | - Hongjun Xiao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, Sichuan Province, 621000, China
| | - Jiaxun Wei
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, Sichuan Province, 621000, China
| | - Xiaofang Cao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, Sichuan Province, 621000, China
| | - Yao Xian
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, Sichuan Province, 621000, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, Sichuan Province, 621000, China
| | - Dongmei Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, Sichuan Province, 621000, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, Sichuan Province, 621000, China
| | - Shiyi Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, Sichuan Province, 621000, China
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15
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Collins AM, Molina-Hidalgo C, Aghjayan SL, Fanning J, Erlenbach ED, Gothe NP, Velazquez-Diaz D, Erickson KI. Differentiating the influence of sedentary behavior and physical activity on brain health in late adulthood. Exp Gerontol 2023; 180:112246. [PMID: 37356467 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Public health messaging calls for individuals to be more physically active and less sedentary, yet these lifestyle behaviors have been historically studied independently. Both physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) are linked through time-use in a 24-hour day and are related to health outcomes, such as neurocognition. While the benefits of PA on brain health in late adulthood have been well-documented, the influence of SB remains to be understood. The purpose of this paper was to critically review the evolving work on SB and brain health in late adulthood and emphasize key areas of consideration to inform potential research. Overall, the existing literature studying the impact of SB on the components and mechanisms of brain health are mixed and inconclusive, provided largely by cross-sectional and observational work employing a variety of measurement techniques of SB and brain health outcomes. Further, many studies did not conceptually or statistically account for the role of PA in the proposed relationships. Therefore, our understanding of the way in which SB may influence neurocognition in late adulthood is limited. Future efforts should include more prospective longitudinal and randomized clinical trials with intentional methodological approaches to better understand the relationships between SB and the brain in late adulthood, and how these potential links are differentiated from PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey M Collins
- AdventHealth Research Institute, Department of Neuroscience, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL, USA.
| | | | - Sarah L Aghjayan
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jason Fanning
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Emily D Erlenbach
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Neha P Gothe
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Velazquez-Diaz
- AdventHealth Research Institute, Department of Neuroscience, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL, USA; Exphy Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University Hospital, University of Cadiz, 11009 Cadiz, Spain; Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cadiz, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Kirk I Erickson
- AdventHealth Research Institute, Department of Neuroscience, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Wang X, Soshi T, Yamashita M, Kakihara M, Tsutsumi T, Iwasaki S, Sekiyama K. Effects of a 10-week musical instrument training on cognitive function in healthy older adults: implications for desirable tests and period of training. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1180259. [PMID: 37649718 PMCID: PMC10463729 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1180259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Previous studies have shown that musical instrument training programs of 16 or more weeks improve verbal memory (Logical Memory Test delayed recall), processing speed (Digit Symbol Coding Test), and executive function (Trail Making Test Part B) of musically untrained healthy older adults. However, it is unclear whether shorter-period instrument training can yield similar effects. We sought to (1) verify those results and (2) clarify if intervention effects could be detected using other measures such as reaction time. Methods Healthy older adults (mean age = 73.28 years) were pseudo-randomly assigned to an untrained control group (n = 30) or an intervention group (n = 30) that received a weekly 10-session musical instrument training program (using melodica). We conducted neuropsychological tests on which intervention effects or association with musical training were reported in previous studies. We newly included two reaction time tasks to assess verbal working memory (Sternberg task) and rhythm entrainment (timing task). Intervention effects were determined using a "group × time" analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results The intervention effects were detected on the reaction time in Sternberg task and phonological verbal fluency. Although intervention effects had been reported on Logical Memory test, Digit Symbol Coding Test and Trail Making Test in previous studies with longer training periods, the present study did not show such effects. Instead, the test-retest practice effect, indicated by significant improvement in the control group, was significant on these tests. Discussion The present results indicated the usefulness of working memory assessments (Verbal Fluency Test and Sternberg task) in detecting the effects of short-term melodica training in healthy older adults. The practice effect detected on those three tasks may be due to the shorter interval between pre- and post-intervention assessments and may have obscured intervention effects. Additionally, the findings suggested the requirement for an extended interval between pre- and post-tests to capture rigorous intervention effects, although this should be justified by a manipulation of training period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Wang
- Graduate School of Advanced Integrated Studies in Human Survivability, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahiro Soshi
- Graduate School of Advanced Integrated Studies in Human Survivability, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Yamashita
- Graduate School of Advanced Integrated Studies in Human Survivability, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Marcelo Kakihara
- Graduate School of Advanced Integrated Studies in Human Survivability, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takanobu Tsutsumi
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shoko Iwasaki
- Graduate School of Advanced Integrated Studies in Human Survivability, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kaoru Sekiyama
- Graduate School of Advanced Integrated Studies in Human Survivability, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Ahmed FS, Guenther BA, Thompson JL, Lagerstrom L, Robbins MA. Role of light walking pace on cognition: Findings from the Maine-Syracuse Longitudinal Study. Appl Neuropsychol Adult 2023:1-15. [PMID: 37402210 PMCID: PMC10764642 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2023.2228952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Moderate- to vigorous intensities of physical activity are recommended for health promotion, including brain health. Regular physical activity is considered a modifiable factor to delay -perhaps prevent- onset of dementias such as Alzheimer's disease. Little is known about the benefits of light physical activity. We analyzed data from a 998 community-dwelling, cognitively unimpaired participants from the Maine-Syracuse Longitudinal Study (MSLS) and investigated the role of light physical activity, defined by walking pace, across two time points. Results revealed light levels of walking pace were associated with higher performance at the first timepoint and less decline by time 2 in the domains of verbal abstract reasoning and visual scanning and tracking, which includes both processing speed and executive function skills. When examining change over time (N = 583), increasing walking pace was associated with less decline at time two for the domains of visual scanning and tracking, working memory, visual spatial ability, and working memory, but not verbal abstract reasoning. These findings highlight the relevance of light physical activity and the need to investigate its contribution to cognitive function. From a public health perspective, this may encourage more adults to adopt a light level of exercise and still reap health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayeza S. Ahmed
- Department of Psychology, University of Maine, 301 Beryl Warner Williams Hall, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Benjamin A. Guenther
- Department of Psychology, University of Maine, 301 Beryl Warner Williams Hall, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Thompson
- Department of Psychology, University of Maine, 301 Beryl Warner Williams Hall, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Lindsey Lagerstrom
- Department of Psychology, University of Maine, 301 Beryl Warner Williams Hall, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Michael A. Robbins
- Department of Psychology, University of Maine, 301 Beryl Warner Williams Hall, Orono, ME 04469, USA
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18
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Konwar S, Manca R, De Marco M, Soininen H, Venneri A. The effect of physical activity on white matter integrity in aging and prodromal to mild Alzheimer's disease with vascular comorbidity. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1096798. [PMID: 37520122 PMCID: PMC10382177 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1096798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Physical activity is a modifiable lifestyle factor that has been previously associated with reduced vascular burden and reduced risk of dementia. Objectives This study tested whether physical activity (i.e., being inactive vs. active) contributed to preservation of white matter microstructure in healthy aging controls and patients in prodromal to mild Alzheimer's disease with low/high vascular burden. Materials A total of 213 participants were recruited from memory clinics. They were classified as being either physically active (n = 113) or inactive (n = 100) based on the Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging and Dementia (CAIDE) questionnaire. Diffusion-weighted images were acquired for all participants and pre-processed based on a standard protocol. Methods A factorial design using voxel-wise tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) was adopted, with 5,000 permutations and threshold-free cluster enhancement (TFCE), to identify significant clusters for fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity (AxD), mean diffusivity (MD), and radial diffusivity (RD). Results Clusters of higher FA and lower AxD, MD, and RD values were found for physically active compared with inactive participants that were widespread covering mainly association and projection tracts but also some commissural tracts. A three-way Group × Physical Activity × Vascular Burden interaction effect was found for FA mostly in a variety of projection tracts with a right predominance, and some commissural and association tracts. Post hoc analyses revealed higher FA in patients with high vascular burden who were physically active compared with those patients with high vascular burden who were inactive mainly in projection and association/limbic tracts with a right predominance. Additionally, higher FA was observed in physically active patients with high vascular burden as compared with physically inactive controls with high vascular burden, mainly in bilateral projection fibers and cerebellar regions. Conclusion Voxel-wise TBSS analysis revealed better preservation of white matter microstructure that was prominent in the high-risk group such as the patients with high vascular burden, specifically those who were physically active. The beneficial effects of physical activity on white matter microstructure were not observed in the controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srijan Konwar
- Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Riccardo Manca
- Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Matteo De Marco
- Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Hilkka Soininen
- Department of Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Annalena Venneri
- Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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19
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Festa F, Medori S, Macrì M. Move Your Body, Boost Your Brain: The Positive Impact of Physical Activity on Cognition across All Age Groups. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1765. [PMID: 37371860 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
While the physical improvements from exercise have been well documented over the years, the impact of physical activity on mental health has recently become an object of interest. Physical exercise improves cognition, particularly attention, memory, and executive functions. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects have yet to be fully understood. Consequently, we conducted a narrative literature review concerning the association between acute and chronic physical activity and cognition to provide an overview of exercise-induced benefits during the lifetime of a person. Most previous papers mainly reported exercise-related greater expression of neurotransmitter and neurotrophic factors. Recently, structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging techniques allowed for the detection of increased grey matter volumes for specific brain regions and substantial modifications in the default mode, frontoparietal, and dorsal attention networks following exercise. Here, we highlighted that physical activity induced significant changes in functional brain activation and cognitive performance in every age group and could counteract psychological disorders and neural decline. No particular age group gained better benefits from exercise, and a specific exercise type could generate better cognitive improvements for a selected target subject. Further research should develop appropriate intervention programs concerning age and comorbidity to achieve the most significant cognitive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felice Festa
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Silvia Medori
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Monica Macrì
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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20
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Oh J, Crockett RA, Hsu CL, Dao E, Tam R, Liu-Ambrose T. Resistance Training Maintains White Matter and Physical Function in Older Women with Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: An Exploratory Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2023; 7:627-639. [PMID: 37483319 PMCID: PMC10357123 DOI: 10.3233/adr-220113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background As the aging population grows, there is an increasing need to develop accessible interventions against risk factors for cognitive impairment and dementia, such as cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). The progression of white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), a key hallmark of CSVD, can be slowed by resistance training (RT). We hypothesize RT preserves white matter integrity and that this preservation is associated with improved cognitive and physical function. Objective To determine if RT preserves regional white matter integrity and if any changes are associated with cognitive and physical outcomes. Methods Using magnetic resonance imaging data from a 12-month randomized controlled trial, we compared the effects of a twice-weekly 60-minute RT intervention versus active control on T1-weighted over T2-weighted ratio (T1w/T2w; a non-invasive proxy measure of white matter integrity) in a subset of study participants (N = 21 females, mean age = 69.7 years). We also examined the association between changes in T1w/T2w with two key outcomes of the parent study: (1) selective attention and conflict resolution, and (2) peak muscle power. Results Compared with an active control group, RT increased T1w/T2w in the external capsule (p = 0.024) and posterior thalamic radiations (p = 0.013) to a greater degree. Increased T1w/T2w in the external capsule was associated with an increase in peak muscle power (p = 0.043) in the RT group. Conclusion By maintaining white matter integrity, RT may be a promising intervention to counteract the pathological changes that accompany CSVD, while improving functional outcomes such as muscle power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Oh
- Aging, Mobility, and Cognitive Health Laboratory, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Rachel A. Crockett
- Aging, Mobility, and Cognitive Health Laboratory, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Centre for SMART Aging at Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Chun-Liang Hsu
- Aging, Mobility, and Cognitive Health Laboratory, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Centre for SMART Aging at Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Dao
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Centre for SMART Aging at Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Roger Tam
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Centre for SMART Aging at Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Teresa Liu-Ambrose
- Aging, Mobility, and Cognitive Health Laboratory, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Centre for SMART Aging at Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
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21
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Rajesh A, Betzel R, Daugherty AM, Noice T, Noice H, Baniqued PL, Voss MW, Kramer AF. Evaluating brain modularity benefits of an acting intervention: a discriminant-analysis framework. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1114804. [PMID: 37213930 PMCID: PMC10192551 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1114804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Aging is associated with a reduction in brain modularity as well as aspects of executive function, namely, updating, shifting, and inhibition. Previous research has suggested that the aging brain exhibits plasticity. Further, it has been hypothesized that broad-based intervention models may be more effective in eliciting overall gains in executive function than interventions targeted at specific executive skills (e.g., computer-based training). To this end, we designed a 4-week theater-based acting intervention in older adults within an RCT framework. We hypothesized that older adults would show improvements in brain modularity and aspects of executive function, ascribed to the acting intervention. Materials and methods The participants were 179 adults from the community, aged 60-89 years and on average, college educated. They completed a battery of executive function tasks and resting state functional MRI scans to measure brain network modularity pre- and post-intervention. Participants in the active intervention group (n = 93) enacted scenes with a partner that involved executive function, whereas the active control group (n = 86) learned about the history and styles of acting. Both groups met two times/week for 75-min for 4 weeks. A mixed model was used to evaluate intervention effects related to brain modularity. Discriminant-analysis was used to determine the role of seven executive functioning tasks in discriminating the two groups. These tasks indexed subdomains of updating, switching, and inhibition. Discriminant tasks were subject to a logistic regression analysis to determine how post-intervention executive function performance interacted with changes in modularity to predict group membership. Results We noted an increase in brain modularity in the acting group, relative to pre-intervention and controls. Performance on updating tasks were representative of the intervention group. However, post-intervention performance on updating did not interact with the observed increase in brain modularity to distinguish groups. Conclusion An acting intervention can facilitate improvements in modularity and updating, both of which are sensitive to aging and may confer benefits to daily functioning and the ability to learn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Rajesh
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Richard Betzel
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Ana M Daugherty
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Tony Noice
- Department of Theater and Dance, Elmhurst University, Elmhurst, IL, United States
| | - Helga Noice
- Department of Theater and Dance, Elmhurst University, Elmhurst, IL, United States
| | - Pauline L Baniqued
- USC Center for Affective Neuroscience, Development, Learning, and Education, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Michelle W Voss
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Arthur F Kramer
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
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22
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Xie Y, Cai K, Dai J, Wei G. Enhanced Integrity of White Matter Microstructure in Mind-Body Practitioners: A Whole-Brain Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13040691. [PMID: 37190656 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13040691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) is an increasingly popular multimodal mind-body practice with potential cognitive benefits, yet the neurobiological mechanisms underlying these effects, particularly in relation to brain white matter (WM) microstructure, remain largely unknown. In this study, we used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and the attention network test (ANT) to compare 22 TCC practitioners and 18 healthy controls. We found extensive differences in fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD) between the two groups. Specifically, TCC practitioners had significantly different diffusion metrics in the corticospinal tract (CST), fornix (FX)/stria terminalis (ST), and cerebral peduncle (CP). We also observed a significant correlation between increased FA values in the right CP and ANT performance in TCC practitioners. Our findings suggest that optimized regional WM microstructure may contribute to the complex information processing associated with TCC practice, providing insights for preventing cognitive decline and treating neurological disorders with cognitive impairment in clinical rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingrong Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Kelong Cai
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Jingang Dai
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, National Chinese Medicine Experts Inheritance Office of Song Jun, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Gaoxia Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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23
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Ciria LF, Román-Caballero R, Vadillo MA, Holgado D, Luque-Casado A, Perakakis P, Sanabria D. An umbrella review of randomized control trials on the effects of physical exercise on cognition. Nat Hum Behav 2023:10.1038/s41562-023-01554-4. [PMID: 36973359 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01554-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Extensive research links regular physical exercise to an overall enhancement of cognitive function across the lifespan. Here we assess the causal evidence supporting this relationship in the healthy population, using an umbrella review of meta-analyses limited to randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Despite most of the 24 reviewed meta-analyses reporting a positive overall effect, our assessment reveals evidence of low statistical power in the primary RCTs, selective inclusion of studies, publication bias and large variation in combinations of pre-processing and analytic decisions. In addition, our meta-analysis of all the primary RCTs included in the revised meta-analyses shows small exercise-related benefits (d = 0.22, 95% confidence interval 0.16 to 0.28) that became substantially smaller after accounting for key moderators (that is, active control and baseline differences; d = 0.13, 95% confidence interval 0.07 to 0.20), and negligible after correcting for publication bias (d = 0.05, 95% confidence interval -0.09 to 0.14). These findings suggest caution in claims and recommendations linking regular physical exercise to cognitive benefits in the healthy human population until more reliable causal evidence accumulates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis F Ciria
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Rafael Román-Caballero
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel A Vadillo
- Department of Basic Psychology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Darias Holgado
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Quartier UNIL-Centre, Bâtiment Synathlon, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Pandelis Perakakis
- Department of Social, Work, and Differential Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Sanabria
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
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24
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Hashitomi T, Hoshi D, Fukuie M, Tarumi T, Sugawara J, Watanabe K. Differences in the prefrontal cortex responses of healthy young men performing either water-based or land-based exercise at light to moderate intensity. Exp Brain Res 2023; 241:991-1000. [PMID: 36943454 PMCID: PMC10082107 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-023-06583-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral blood flow increases more during water-based exercise than land-based exercise owing to the effects of end-tidal CO2 (PETCO2) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) changes due to water immersion. However, it is unclear whether oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) concentrations in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) are increased more by water-based or land-based exercise. We hypothesized that oxy-Hb concentrations in the PFC are higher during water-based exercise than land-based exercise when the exercise intensity is matched. To test this hypothesis, 10 healthy participants (age: 24.2 ± 1.7 years; height: 1.75 ± 0.04 m; weight: 69.5 ± 5.2 kg) performed light- to moderate-intensity cycling exercise in water (water-based cycling (WC); chest-high water at 30 °C) and on land (LC). Stroke volume, cardio output, heart rate, MAP, respiratory rate, PETCO2, and oxy-Hb in the PFC were assessed during 15 min of exercise, with exercise intensity increased every 5 min. Both WC and LC significantly increased oxy-Hb concentrations in the PFC as exercise intensity was increased (intensity effect: p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in oxy-Hb concentrations during WC and LC in most prefrontal areas, although significant differences were found in areas corresponding to the left dorsolateral PFC (exercise effect: p < 0.001). Thus, WC and LC increase oxy-Hb concentrations in the PFC in a similar manner with increasing exercise intensity, but part of the PFC exhibits enhanced oxy-Hb levels during WC. The neural response of the PFC may differ during water-based and land-based exercise owing to differences in external information associated with water immersion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Hashitomi
- Doctoral Program in Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hoshi
- Doctoral Program in Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Human Informatics and Interaction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Marina Fukuie
- Human Informatics and Interaction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takashi Tarumi
- Human Informatics and Interaction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Jun Sugawara
- Human Informatics and Interaction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Koichi Watanabe
- Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan.
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25
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Graciani AL, Gutierre MU, Coppi AA, Arida RM, Gutierre RC. MYELIN, AGING, AND PHYSICAL EXERCISE. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 127:70-81. [PMID: 37116408 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Myelin sheath is a structure in neurons fabricated by oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells responsible for increasing the efficiency of neural synapsis, impulse transmission, and providing metabolic support to the axon. They present morpho-functional changes during health aging as deformities of the sheath and its fragmentation, causing an increased load on microglial phagocytosis, with Alzheimer's disease aggravating. Physical exercise has been studied as a possible protective agent for the nervous system, offering benefits to neuroplasticity. In this regard, studies in animal models for Alzheimer's and depression reported the efficiency of physical exercise in protecting against myelin degeneration. A reduction of myelin damage during aging has also been observed in healthy humans. Physical activity promotes oligodendrocyte proliferation and myelin preservation during old age, although some controversies remain. In this review, we will address how effective physical exercise can be as a protective agent of the myelin sheath against the effects of aging in physiological and pathological conditions.
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26
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Ortega FB, Leskošek B, Blagus R, Gil-Cosano JJ, Mäestu J, Tomkinson GR, Ruiz JR, Mäestu E, Starc G, Milanovic I, Tammelin TH, Sorić M, Scheuer C, Carraro A, Kaj M, Csányi T, Sardinha LB, Lenoir M, Emeljanovas A, Mieziene B, Sidossis LS, Pihu M, Lovecchio N, Konstabel K, Tambalis KD, Štefan L, Drenowatz C, Rubín L, Gontarev S, Castro-Piñero J, Vanhelst J, O'Keeffe B, Veiga OL, Gisladottir T, Sandercock G, Misigoj-Durakovic M, Niessner C, Riso EM, Popovic S, Kuu S, Chinapaw M, Clavel I, Labayen I, Dobosz J, Colella D, Kriemler S, Salaj S, Noriega MJ, Bös K, Sánchez-López M, Lakka TA, Tabacchi G, Novak D, Ahrens W, Wedderkopp N, Jurak G. European fitness landscape for children and adolescents: updated reference values, fitness maps and country rankings based on nearly 8 million test results from 34 countries gathered by the FitBack network. Br J Sports Med 2023; 57:299-310. [PMID: 36623866 PMCID: PMC9985767 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-106176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES (1) To develop reference values for health-related fitness in European children and adolescents aged 6-18 years that are the foundation for the web-based, open-access and multilanguage fitness platform (FitBack); (2) to provide comparisons across European countries. METHODS This study builds on a previous large fitness reference study in European youth by (1) widening the age demographic, (2) identifying the most recent and representative country-level data and (3) including national data from existing fitness surveillance and monitoring systems. We used the Assessing Levels of PHysical Activity and fitness at population level (ALPHA) test battery as it comprises tests with the highest test-retest reliability, criterion/construct validity and health-related predictive validity: the 20 m shuttle run (cardiorespiratory fitness); handgrip strength and standing long jump (muscular strength); and body height, body mass, body mass index and waist circumference (anthropometry). Percentile values were obtained using the generalised additive models for location, scale and shape method. RESULTS A total of 7 966 693 test results from 34 countries (106 datasets) were used to develop sex-specific and age-specific percentile values. In addition, country-level rankings based on mean percentiles are provided for each fitness test, as well as an overall fitness ranking. Finally, an interactive fitness platform, including individual and group reporting and European fitness maps, is provided and freely available online (www.fitbackeurope.eu). CONCLUSION This study discusses the major implications of fitness assessment in youth from health, educational and sport perspectives, and how the FitBack reference values and interactive web-based platform contribute to it. Fitness testing can be conducted in school and/or sport settings, and the interpreted results be integrated in the healthcare systems across Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco B Ortega
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Department of Physical and Sports Education; Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Granada, Spain .,Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Bojan Leskošek
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rok Blagus
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Institute for Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information technologies, University of Primorska, Glagoljaška, Slovenia
| | - José J Gil-Cosano
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Department of Physical and Sports Education; Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Granada, Spain.,Department of Communication and Education, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Dos Hermanas, Spain
| | - Jarek Mäestu
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Grant R Tomkinson
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), UniSA Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Department of Physical and Sports Education; Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Granada, Spain.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Evelin Mäestu
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Gregor Starc
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ivana Milanovic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tuija H Tammelin
- JAMK University of Applied Sciences, School of Health and Social Studies, LIKES, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Maroje Sorić
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,University of Zagreb, The Faculty of Kinesiology, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Claude Scheuer
- European Physical Education Association (EUPEA).,Department of Education and Social Work, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Attilio Carraro
- Faculty of Education, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Brixen, Italy
| | - Mónika Kaj
- Hungarian School Sport Federation, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Csányi
- Hungarian School Sport Federation, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Physical Education Theory and Methodology, Hungarian University of Sports Science, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Primary and Pre-School Education, ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Luis B Sardinha
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, 1499-002 Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Matthieu Lenoir
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Arunas Emeljanovas
- Lithuanian Sports University, Department of Physical and Social Education, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Brigita Mieziene
- Lithuanian Sports University, Department of Physical and Social Education, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Labros S Sidossis
- Mediterranean Lifestyle Medicine Institute and Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, USA
| | - Maret Pihu
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Nicola Lovecchio
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy.,Confederation of Italian Associations of Physical Education Teachers (Capdi & LSM), Venezia, Italy
| | - Kenn Konstabel
- Department of Chronic Diseases, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia.,Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Konstantinos D Tambalis
- Harokopio University, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Athens, Greece.,National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Athens, Greece
| | - Lovro Štefan
- University of Zagreb, The Faculty of Kinesiology, Zagreb, Croatia.,Faculty of Sports Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Recruitment and Examination (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Clemens Drenowatz
- Division of Sport, Physical Activity and Health, University of Education Upper Austria, Linz, Austria
| | - Lukáš Rubín
- Institute of Active Lifestyle, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Science, Humanities and Education, Technical University of Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Seryozha Gontarev
- Faculty of Physical Education, Sport and Health. Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - José Castro-Piñero
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Jérémy Vanhelst
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics - University of Paris Cité (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Brendan O'Keeffe
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Oscar L Veiga
- EstiLIFE Research Group. Department of Physical Education, Sport and Human Movement, Faculty of Teaching Training and Education, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Thordis Gisladottir
- Center of Sport and Health Sciences, School of Education, University of Iceland, Reykjavik Iceland
| | - Gavin Sandercock
- School of Sport Rehabilitation and Exercise Science, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | | | - Claudia Niessner
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Riso
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Stevo Popovic
- University of Montenegro, Faculty for Sport and Physical Education, Niksic, Montenegro.,Western Balkan Sport Innovation Lab, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Saima Kuu
- Tallinn University, School of Natural Sciences and Health, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Mai Chinapaw
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iván Clavel
- Galician Sport Foundation, General Sport Secretariat, Galician Government, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Performance and Health Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of A Coruña, Coruña, Spain
| | - Idoia Labayen
- Research Institute for Innovation & Sustainable Food Chain Development, Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Janusz Dobosz
- Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dario Colella
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Susi Kriemler
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sanja Salaj
- University of Zagreb, The Faculty of Kinesiology, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maria Jose Noriega
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology University of Cantabria, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Klaus Bös
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Mairena Sánchez-López
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain.,Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, School of Education, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Timo A Lakka
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Finland.,Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Foundation for Research in Health Exercise and Nutrition, Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Garden Tabacchi
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Dario Novak
- University of Zagreb, The Faculty of Kinesiology, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Wolfgang Ahrens
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Niels Wedderkopp
- The Pediatric Research Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Gregor Jurak
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Polk SE, Kleemeyer MM, Bodammer NC, Misgeld C, Porst J, Wolfarth B, Kühn S, Lindenberger U, Düzel S, Wenger E. Aerobic exercise is associated with region-specific changes in volumetric, tensor-based, and fixel-based measures of white matter integrity in healthy older adults. Neuroimage: Reports 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ynirp.2022.100155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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28
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Li T, Wang L, Piao Z, Chen K, Yu X, Wen Q, Suo D, Zhang C, Funahashi S, Pei G, Fang B, Yan T. Altered Neurovascular Coupling for Multidisciplinary Intensive Rehabilitation in Parkinson's Disease. J Neurosci 2023; 43:1256-1266. [PMID: 36609454 PMCID: PMC9962778 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1204-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective rehabilitation in Parkinson's disease (PD) is related to brain reorganization with restoration of cortico-subcortical networks and compensation of frontoparietal networks; however, further neural rehabilitation evidence from a multidimensional perspective is needed. To investigate how multidisciplinary intensive rehabilitation treatment affects neurovascular coupling, 31 PD patients (20 female) before and after treatment and 30 healthy controls (17 female) underwent blood oxygenation level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging and arterial spin labeling scans. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was used to measure perfusion, and fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) was used to measure neural activity. The global CBF-fALFF correlation and regional CBF/fALFF ratio were calculated as neurovascular coupling. Dynamic causal modeling (DCM) was used to evaluate treatment-related alterations in the strength and directionality of information flow. Treatment reduced CBF-fALFF correlations. The altered CBF/fALFF exhibited increases in the left angular gyrus and the right inferior parietal gyrus and decreases in the bilateral thalamus and the right superior frontal gyrus. The CBF/fALFF alteration in right superior frontal gyrus showed correlations with motor improvement. Further, DCM indicated increases in connectivity from the superior frontal gyrus and decreases from the thalamus to the inferior parietal gyrus. The benefits of rehabilitation were reflected in the dual mechanism, with restoration of executive control occurring in the initial phase of motor learning and compensation of information integration occurring in the latter phase. These findings may yield multimodal insights into the role of rehabilitation in disease modification and identify the dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus as a potential target for noninvasive neuromodulation in PD.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Although rehabilitation has been proposed as a promising supplemental treatment for PD as it results in brain reorganization, restoring cortico-subcortical networks and eliciting compensatory activation of frontoparietal networks, further multimodal evidence of the neural mechanisms underlying rehabilitation is needed. We measured the ratio of perfusion and neural activity derived from arterial spin labeling and blood oxygenation level-dependent fMRI data and found that benefits of rehabilitation seem to be related to the dual mechanism, restoring executive control in the initial phase of motor learning and compensating for information integration in the latter phase. We also identified the dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus as a potential target for noninvasive neuromodulation in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhixin Piao
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Keke Chen
- Parkinson Medical Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100144, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Parkinson Medical Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100144, China
| | - Qiping Wen
- Parkinson Medical Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100144, China
| | - Dingjie Suo
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shintaro Funahashi
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guangying Pei
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Boyan Fang
- Parkinson Medical Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100144, China
| | - Tianyi Yan
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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29
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You Y, Liu J, Wang D, Fu Y, Liu R, Ma X. Cognitive Performance in Short Sleep Young Adults with Different Physical Activity Levels: A Cross-Sectional fNIRS Study. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13020171. [PMID: 36831714 PMCID: PMC9954673 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13020171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Short sleep is a common issue nowadays. The purpose of this study was to investigate prefrontal cortical hemodynamics by evaluating changes in concentrations of oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO) in cognitive tests among short-sleep young adults and to explore the relationship between sleep duration, physical activity level, and cognitive function in this specific population. A total of 46 participants (25 males and 21 females) were included in our study, and among them, the average sleep duration was 358 min/day. Stroop performance in the short sleep population was linked to higher levels cortical activation in distinct parts of the left middle frontal gyrus. This study found that moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was significantly associated with lower accuracy of incongruent Stroop test. The dose-response relationship between sleep duration and Stroop performance under different levels of light-intensity physical activity (LPA) and MVPA was further explored, and increasing sleep time for different PA level was associated with better Stroop performance. In summary, this present study provided neurobehavioral evidence between cortical hemodynamics and cognitive function in the short sleep population. Furthermore, our findings indicated that, in younger adults with short sleep, more MVPA was associated with worse cognitive performance. Short sleep young adults should increase sleep time, rather than more MVPA, to achieve better cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei You
- Division of Sports Science & Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianxiu Liu
- Division of Sports Science & Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dizhi Wang
- Division of Sports Science & Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yingyao Fu
- Beijing Jianhua Experimental Etown School, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Ruidong Liu
- Sports Coaching College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100091, China
- Correspondence: (R.L.); (X.M.)
| | - Xindong Ma
- Division of Sports Science & Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Correspondence: (R.L.); (X.M.)
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30
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Aksman L, Lynch K, Toga A, Dey AB, Lee J. Investigating the factors that explain white matter hyperintensity load in older Indians. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcad008. [PMID: 36744010 PMCID: PMC9891346 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
White matter hyperintensities are areas of hyperintense signal on MRI that typically represent cerebrovascular pathology. While focal white matter hyperintensities are common among older individuals, extensive white matter hyperintensities have been found to accelerate the progression of dementia. However, little is currently known about how various socioeconomic, health, lifestyle and environmental factors affect the severity of these lesions, particularly in low- and middle-income countries such as India. We investigated this question using cross-sectional MRI data (n = 126) from a pilot neuroimaging sub-study of an ongoing, nationally representative epidemiological study of late-life cognition in India. As a screening step, we estimated white matter hyperintensity load from fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MRI using a fully automated technique and tested for associations with each factor separately, controlling for age, sex and estimated total intracranial volume in each case. A combined model of white matter hyperintensity load included five factors which were significant after multiple comparisons correction: systolic blood pressure, body mass index, urbanicity status (urban versus rural living), daily chore hours and the frequency of store trips. This model explained an additional 27% of the variance in white matter hyperintensity load (54 versus 27% for the baseline model with only age, sex and estimated total intracranial volume). We accounted for the possibility of reverse causality by additionally controlling for concurrent markers of neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment, with no substantial change in our findings. Overall, our findings suggest that controlling high blood pressure and maintaining both a healthy body mass index and high levels of physical activity may reduce white matter hyperintensity load in older Indian adults, helping to prevent or delay dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Aksman
- Correspondence to: Leon Aksman USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute 2025 Zonal Avenue, Lo,s Angeles, CA 90033, USA E-mail:
| | - Kirsten Lynch
- Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Arthur Toga
- Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Aparajit Ballav Dey
- Geriatric Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi 110029, India
| | - Jinkook Lee
- Dana and David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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Xu L, Gu H, Cai X, Zhang Y, Hou X, Yu J, Sun T. The Effects of Exercise for Cognitive Function in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:1088. [PMID: 36673844 PMCID: PMC9858649 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical exercise can slow down the decline of the cognitive function of the older adults, yet the review evidence is not conclusive. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of aerobic and resistance training on cognitive ability. METHODS A computerized literature search was carried out using PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase SCOPUS, Web of Science, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), Wanfang, and VIP database to identify relevant articles from inception through to 1 October 2022. Based on a preliminary search of the database and the references cited, 10,338 records were identified. For the measured values of the research results, the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to synthesize the effect size. RESULTS Finally, 10 studies were included in this meta-analysis. Since the outcome indicators of each literature are different in evaluating the old cognitive ability, a subgroup analysis was performed on the included literature. The study of results suggests that aerobic or resistance training interventions significantly improved cognitive ability in older adults compared with control interventions with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MD 2.76; 95% CI 2.52 to 3.00), the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MD 2.64; 95% CI 2.33 to 2.94), the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (MD 2.86; 95% CI 2.25 to 3.47), the Wechsler Memory Scale (MD 9.33; 95% CI 7.12 to 11.54), the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (MD 5.31; 95% CI 1.20 to 9.43), the Trail Making Tests (MD -8.94; 95% CI -9.81 to -8.07), and the Stroop Color and Word Test (MD -5.20; 95% CI -7.89 to -2.51). CONCLUSION Physical exercise improved the cognitive function of the older adults in all mental states. To improve cognitive ability, this meta-analysis recommended that patients perform at least moderate-intensity aerobic exercise and resistance exercise on as many days as possible in the week to comply with current exercise guidelines while providing evidence for clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Xu
- Faculty of Sports and Human Sciences, Beijing Sports University, Beijing 100084, China
- Key Laboratory of Sports and Physical Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hongyi Gu
- Faculty of Sports and Human Sciences, Beijing Sports University, Beijing 100084, China
- Key Laboratory of Sports and Physical Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaowan Cai
- Faculty of Sports and Human Sciences, Beijing Sports University, Beijing 100084, China
- Key Laboratory of Sports and Physical Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yimin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Sports and Physical Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100084, China
- China Institute of Sports and Health, Beijing Sports University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiao Hou
- Faculty of Sports and Human Sciences, Beijing Sports University, Beijing 100084, China
- Key Laboratory of Sports and Physical Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jingjing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Sports and Physical Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100084, China
- China Institute of Sports and Health, Beijing Sports University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tingting Sun
- Key Laboratory of Sports and Physical Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100084, China
- China Institute of Sports and Health, Beijing Sports University, Beijing 100084, China
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32
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Zhang Q, Zhu M, Huang L, Zhu M, Liu X, Zhou P, Meng T. A Study on the Effect of Traditional Chinese Exercise Combined With Rhythm Training on the Intervention of Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2023; 38:15333175231190626. [PMID: 37489602 PMCID: PMC10624104 DOI: 10.1177/15333175231190626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To examine the effect of combination exercise program on cognitive function of older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and identify biomarkers associated with improvement of cognitive functions. METHODS Subjects were 42 older adults (ages, 60-80 years) with MCI. The subjects were randomly classified to traditional Chinese exercise combined with rhythm training group (TCE + RTG, n = 14), walking group (WG, n = 14), and control group (CG, n = 14), according to their level of MMSE scores. These groups exercised for 60 minutes at 1 session, 3 sessions a week for 12 weeks. The intervention program was conducted under multitask conditions to stimulate attention and memory, and the control group attended 3 education classes. Measurements were administered before, after the 6-week, and after the 12-week intervention period; Measurements: The Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), Activities of Daily Living Scale (ADL), and the 17-item Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-17), along with the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). A repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to examine differences among the 3 groups and between the 3 testing times (pre-test vs middle-test vs post-test). RESULTS (1) The TCE + RTG showed significant improvement in the MMSE, MoCA, SDMT, and ADL scale test results (P < .01) and HAMD-17 scale test results (P < .05). The WG also showed significant improvement in the MMSE, MoCA, and HAMD-17 scale test results (P < .05) and the ADL scale test results (P < .01). While there was no significant change in the CG after the intervention. (2) The TCE + RTG and WG showed positive improvement in peripheral blood BDNF levels, while the CG showed a decrease in these test results. There were significant differences between the TCE + RTG and CG before and after the intervention. CONCLUSION The results suggested that a TCE + RT is beneficial for improving memory and maintaining general cognitive function and peripheral blood BDNF levels in older adults with MCI. Peripheral blood BDNF levels may predict improvement of cognitive functions in older adults with MCI. Further studies are required to determine the positive effects of TCE + RT on cognitive function in older adults with MCI. Trial Registration: ChiCTR2200058545, Registered 10 April 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Graduate School, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Menglong Zhu
- Encephalopathy Center, Beijing Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Huang
- Chinese Wushu Academy, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Zhu
- Graduate School, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- Chinese Traditional Regimen Exercise Intervention Research Center, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- School of Art, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Meng
- School of Wushu and Performance, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
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33
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Spartano NL, Wang R, Yang Q, Chernofsky A, Murabito JM, Levy D, Vasan RS, DeCarli C, Maillard P, Seshadri S, Beiser AS. Association of Physical Inactivity with MRI Markers of Brain Aging: Assessing Mediation by Cardiometabolic and Epigenetic Factors. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 95:561-572. [PMID: 37574733 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiometabolic risk factors and epigenetic patterns, increased in physically inactive individuals, are associated with an accelerated brain aging process. OBJECTIVE To determine whether cardiometabolic risk factors and epigenetic patterns mediate the association of physical inactivity with unfavorable brain morphology. METHODS We included dementia and stroke free participants from the Framingham Heart Study Third Generation and Offspring cohorts who had accelerometery and brain MRI data (n = 2,507, 53.9% women, mean age 53.9 years). We examined mediation by the 2017-revised Framingham Stroke Risk Profile (FSRP, using weights for age, cardiovascular disease, atrial fibrillation, diabetes and smoking status, antihypertension medications, and systolic blood pressure) and the homeostatic model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in models of the association of physical inactivity with brain aging, adjusting for age, age-squared, sex, accelerometer wear time, cohort, time from exam-to-MRI, and season. We similarly assessed mediation by an epigenetic age-prediction algorithm, GrimAge, in a smaller sample of participants who had DNA methylation data (n = 1,418). RESULTS FSRP and HOMA-IR explained 8.3-20.5% of associations of higher moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), higher steps, and lower sedentary time with higher brain volume. Additionally, FSRP and GrimAge explained 10.3-22.0% of associations of physical inactivity with lower white matter diffusivity and FSRP explained 19.7% of the association of MVPA with lower free water accumulation. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that cardiometabolic risk factors and epigenetic patterns partially mediate the associations of physical inactivity with lower brain volume, higher white matter diffusivity, and aggregation of free water in the extracellular compartments of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Spartano
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition, and Weight Management, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine (BUCASM), Boston, MA, USA
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health (BUSPH), Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health (BUSPH), Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ariel Chernofsky
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health (BUSPH), Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joanne M Murabito
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, BUCASM, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Levy
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Evans Department of Medicine, BUSM, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, BUSPH, Boston, MA, USA
- UT School of Public Health in San Antonio, TX, and UT Health Sciences Center in San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Charles DeCarli
- Department of Neurology University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Pauline Maillard
- Department of Neurology University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, BUSM, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Alexa S Beiser
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health (BUSPH), Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, BUSM, Boston, MA, USA
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Verrall CE, Tran DL, Yang JYM, Lubans DR, Winlaw DS, Ayer J, Celermajer D, Cordina R. Exercise as therapy for neurodevelopmental and cognitive dysfunction in people with a Fontan circulation: A narrative review. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1111785. [PMID: 36861078 PMCID: PMC9969110 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1111785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
People with a Fontan circulation are at risk of neurodevelopmental delay and disability, and cognitive dysfunction, that has significant implications for academic and occupational attainment, psychosocial functioning, and overall quality of life. Interventions for improving these outcomes are lacking. This review article discusses current intervention practices and explores the evidence supporting exercise as a potential intervention for improving cognitive functioning in people living with a Fontan circulation. Proposed pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning these associations are discussed in the context of Fontan physiology and avenues for future research are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Elizabeth Verrall
- Heart Centre for Children, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Derek Lee Tran
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Joseph Yuan-Mou Yang
- Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Neuroscience Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Advanced Clinical Imaging Service (NACIS), Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David Revalds Lubans
- Centre for Active Living and Learning, College of Human and Social Futures, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - David Scott Winlaw
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, the Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Julian Ayer
- Heart Centre for Children, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David Celermajer
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rachael Cordina
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Heart Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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35
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Raja D, Ravichandran S, Chandrasekaran B, Kadavigere R, Babu MGR, Almeshari M, Alyahyawi AR, Alzamil Y, Abanomy A, Sukumar S. Association between Physical Activity Levels and Brain Volumes in Adults Visiting Radio-Imaging Center of Tertiary Care Hospital. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:17079. [PMID: 36554962 PMCID: PMC9779605 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192417079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM There is evidence to support the favorable impact of physical activity (PA) on brain volume. However, the empirical evidence exploring the relationship between physical and sedentary behavior remains mixed. We aimed to explore the relationship between PA and sedentary behavior and brain volume. METHODS The study sample (n = 150, mean age = 39.7 years) included patients interviewed with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) who underwent an MRI brain scan. From the images obtained, we measured total intracranial, gray matter, and white matter volume along with the hippocampus, amygdala, parahippocampal gyrus, and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). Multivariable linear regression analysis was done. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Left hippocampus and overall PA were positively and significantly associated (β = 0.71, p = 0.021) whereas time spent on vigorous physical activity showed a negative association (β = -0.328, p = 0.049) with left hippocampal volume. CONCLUSION We found a positive association between total PA and the left hippocampus, whereas vigorous PA showed a negative association with the left hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Raja
- Department of Medical Imaging Technology, MCHP, MAHE, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Sneha Ravichandran
- Department of Medical Imaging Technology, MCHP, MAHE, Manipal 576104, India
| | | | | | | | - Meshari Almeshari
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, College of Applied Medical Science, University of Hail, Ha’il 81442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjad R. Alyahyawi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, College of Applied Medical Science, University of Hail, Ha’il 81442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser Alzamil
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, College of Applied Medical Science, University of Hail, Ha’il 81442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Abanomy
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suresh Sukumar
- Department of Medical Imaging Technology, MCHP, MAHE, Manipal 576104, India
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36
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Chen FT, Soya H, Yassa MA, Li RH, Chu CH, Chen AG, Hung CL, Chang YK. Effects of exercise types on white matter microstructure in late midlife adults: Preliminary results from a diffusion tensor imaging study. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:943992. [DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.943992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Higher aerobic fitness during late midlife is associated with higher white matter (WM) microstructure. Compared with individuals engaged in irregular exercise, those who engage in regular aerobic exercise show higher fractional anisotropy (FA), a diffusion tenor imaging (DTI) measure that provides an index of WM microstructural integrity. However, whether other types of exercise, such as Tai Chi, can also facilitate WM changes in adults during late midlife remains unknown. The present study compares two types of exercise, Tai Chi and walking, with a sedentary control group, in order to examine the effects of exercise on WM microstructure and determine the regional specificity of WM differences. Thirty-six healthy adults between the ages of 55 and 65 years participated in the study. Based on the participants’ exercise habits, they were allocated into three groups: Tai Chi, walking, or sedentary control. All participants were required to complete physical fitness measurements and completed magnetic reasoning imaging (MRI) scans. Our results revealed that the Tai Chi group exhibited a higher FA value in the left cerebral peduncle, compared to the sedentary control group. We also observed that both the Tai Chi and walking groups exhibited higher FA values in the right uncinate fasciculus and the left external capsule, in comparison to the sedentary control group. Increased FA values in these regions was positively correlated with higher levels of physical fitness measurements (i.e., peak oxygen uptake [VO2peak], muscular endurance/number of push-up, agility, power). These findings collectively suggest that regular exercise is associated with improved WM microstructural integrity, regardless of the exercise type, which could guide the development and application of future prevention and intervention strategies designed to address age-related cognitive impairments during late midlife.
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37
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Cassim TZ, McGregor KM, Nocera JR, García VV, Sinon CG, Kreuzer M, García PS. Effects of exercise on the sleep microarchitecture in the aging brain: A study on a sedentary sample. Front Syst Neurosci 2022; 16:855107. [PMID: 36387307 PMCID: PMC9644157 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2022.855107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Having a healthy sleep pattern plays a vital role in one's overall health. Sleep in the elderly is characterized by decreased slow-wave sleep and an increase of REM sleep. Furthermore, quantitative electroencephalographic (qEEG) studies have shown an age-related attenuation of total EEG power in sleep. However, exercise has been shown to improve sleep across all age groups. In this study, we used the Sleep Profiler™ EEG Sleep Monitor to observe EEG changes occurring during sleep following an aerobic exercise intervention. This study was done on older adults (N = 18, with only five subjects containing both pre- and post-data of sufficient quality for analysis) with an age range 60-85 years. The aerobics regimen was performed three times weekly for 12-weeks commencing with 20-min sessions. The time of each session progressed by 1-2 min/session as needed to a maximum time of 45 min per session. The macro-architecture (sleep stages) and microarchitecture (EEG) results were analyzed using MATLAB. For the microarchitecture, our results showed more deep sleep following the aerobic exercise regimen. Furthermore, for the microarchitecture, out results shows an increase in total EEG power post-exercise in both light (N1 and L1) and deep sleep (N2 and N3). These preliminary changes in sleep the microarchitecture suggest that non-pharmacologic methods might mitigate age-related EEG changes with potential implications for neurocognitive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Z. Cassim
- Department of Anesthesiology, Neuroanesthesia Division, Columbia University Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, United States
| | - Keith M. McGregor
- Department of Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Health Profession, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Joe R. Nocera
- VA Rehabilitation R&D Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VAMC, Decatur, GA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Violet V. García
- Stamps President’s Scholars Program, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Christopher G. Sinon
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Matthias Kreuzer
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Paul S. García
- Department of Anesthesiology, Neuroanesthesia Division, Columbia University Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, United States
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38
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Shao X, Tan LH, He L. Physical activity and exercise alter cognitive abilities, and brain structure and activity in obese children. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1019129. [PMID: 36340766 PMCID: PMC9631829 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1019129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of childhood obesity is increasing to such an extent that it has become a major global public health problem in the 21st century. Obesity alters children’s brain structure and activity and impairs their cognitive abilities. On the basis of these findings, it is necessary for educational and healthcare institutions to combat childhood obesity through preventive and therapeutic strategies. In general, exercise and physical activity are considered common but effective methods for improving physical, psychological, and brain health across the life span. Therefore, this review article mainly focuses on existing neuroimaging studies that have used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)to assess children’s brain anatomy and neural activity. We intended to explore the roles of physical activity and exercise in modulating the associations among childhood obesity, cognitive abilities, and the structure and activity of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyun Shao
- School of Sports, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Xueyun Shao,
| | - Li Hai Tan
- Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen, China
| | - Longfei He
- School of Sports, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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39
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Benarroch E. What Muscle Signals Mediate the Beneficial Effects of Exercise on Cognition? Neurology 2022; 99:298-304. [PMID: 35970575 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000201049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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40
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Pani J, Eikenes L, Reitlo LS, Stensvold D, Wisløff U, Håberg AK. Effects of a 5-Year Exercise Intervention on White Matter Microstructural Organization in Older Adults. A Generation 100 Substudy. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:859383. [PMID: 35847676 PMCID: PMC9278017 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.859383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic fitness and exercise could preserve white matter (WM) integrity in older adults. This study investigated the effect on WM microstructural organization of 5 years of exercise intervention with either supervised moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), high-intensity interval training (HIIT), or following the national physical activity guidelines. A total of 105 participants (70–77 years at baseline), participating in the randomized controlled trial Generation 100 Study, volunteered to take part in this longitudinal 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study. The HIIT group (n = 33) exercised for four intervals of 4 min at 90% of peak heart rate two times a week, the MICT group (n = 24) exercised continuously for 50 min at 70% peak heart rate two times a week, and the control group (n = 48) followed the national guidelines of ≥30 min of physical activity almost every day. At baseline and at 1-, 3-, and 5-year follow-ups, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) scans were performed, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) was measured as peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) with ergospirometry, and information on exercise habits was collected. There was no group*time or group effect on any of the DTI indices at any time point during the intervention. Across all groups, CRF was positively associated with fractional anisotropy (FA) and axial diffusivity (AxD) at the follow-ups, and the effect became smaller with time. Exercise intensity was associated with mean diffusivity (MD)/FA, with the greatest effect at 1-year and no effect at 5-year follow-up. There was an association between exercise duration and FA and radial diffusivity (RD) only after 1 year. Despite the lack of group*time interaction or group effect, both higher CRF and exercise intensity was associated with better WM microstructural organization throughout the intervention, but the effect became attenuated over time. Different aspects of exercising affected the WM metrics and WM tracts differently with the greatest and most overlapping effects in the corpus callosum. The current study indicates not only that high CRF and exercise intensity are associated with WM microstructural organization in aging but also that exercise’s positive effects on WM may decline with increasing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Pani
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, St Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Live Eikenes
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Line S Reitlo
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Dorthe Stensvold
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ulrik Wisløff
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Asta Kristine Håberg
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, St Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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41
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Hortobágyi T, Vetrovsky T, Balbim GM, Sorte Silva NCB, Manca A, Deriu F, Kolmos M, Kruuse C, Liu-Ambrose T, Radák Z, Váczi M, Johansson H, Dos Santos PCR, Franzén E, Granacher U. The impact of aerobic and resistance training intensity on markers of neuroplasticity in health and disease. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 80:101698. [PMID: 35853549 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of low- vs. high-intensity aerobic and resistance training on motor and cognitive function, brain activation, brain structure, and neurochemical markers of neuroplasticity and the association thereof in healthy young and older adults and in patients with multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and stroke. DESIGN Systematic review and robust variance estimation meta-analysis with meta-regression. DATA SOURCES Systematic search of MEDLINE, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases. RESULTS Fifty studies with 60 intervention arms and 2283 in-analyses participants were included. Due to the low number of studies, the three patient groups were combined and analyzed as a single group. Overall, low- (g=0.19, p = 0.024) and high-intensity exercise (g=0.40, p = 0.001) improved neuroplasticity. Exercise intensity scaled with neuroplasticity only in healthy young adults but not in healthy older adults or patient groups. Exercise-induced improvements in neuroplasticity were associated with changes in motor but not cognitive outcomes. CONCLUSION Exercise intensity is an important variable to dose and individualize the exercise stimulus for healthy young individuals but not necessarily for healthy older adults and neurological patients. This conclusion warrants caution because studies are needed that directly compare the effects of low- vs. high-intensity exercise on neuroplasticity to determine if such changes are mechanistically and incrementally linked to improved cognition and motor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Hortobágyi
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen Medical Center, Groningen, the Netherlands; Somogy County Kaposi Mór Teaching Hospital, Kaposvár, Hungary; Department of Sport Biology, Institute of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Pécs, Hungary; Division of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognition Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany; Hungarian University of Sports Science, Department of Kinesiology, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Tomas Vetrovsky
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Guilherme Moraes Balbim
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Nárlon Cássio Boa Sorte Silva
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Andrea Manca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Franca Deriu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy; Unit of Endocrinology, Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders, AOU Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Mia Kolmos
- Neurovascular Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christina Kruuse
- Neurovascular Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Teresa Liu-Ambrose
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Zsolt Radák
- Research Center of Molecular Exercise Science, Hungarian University of Sport Science, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márk Váczi
- Department of Sport Biology, Institute of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Pécs, Hungary
| | - Hanna Johansson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Women's Health and Allied Health Professionals Theme, Medical Unit Occupational Therapy & Physiotherapy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Erika Franzén
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Women's Health and Allied Health Professionals Theme, Medical Unit Occupational Therapy & Physiotherapy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Urs Granacher
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognition Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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42
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Ferreira SA, Vieira ER, Queiroga MR, Cavazzotto TG, Probst VS, Costa VDSP, Teixeira DDC. Functional Fitness and Cognition in Older Adults: A Mediation Model. Physical & Occupational Therapy In Geriatrics 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/02703181.2021.2015518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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43
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Maleki S, Hendrikse J, Chye Y, Caeyenberghs K, Coxon JP, Oldham S, Suo C, Yücel M. Associations of cardiorespiratory fitness and exercise with brain white matter in healthy adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Imaging Behav 2022; 16:2402-2425. [PMID: 35773556 PMCID: PMC9581839 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-022-00693-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have revealed positive associations between brain structure and physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and exercise (referred to here as PACE). While a considerable body of research has investigated the effects of PACE on grey matter, much less is known about effects on white matter (WM). Hence, we conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed literature published prior to 5th July 2021 using online databases (PubMed and Scopus) and PRISMA guidelines to synthesise what is currently known about the relationship between PACE and WM in healthy adults. A total of 60 studies met inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Heterogeneity across studies was calculated using Qochran's q test, and publication bias was assessed for each meta-analysis using Begg and Mazumdar rank correlation test. A meta-regression was also conducted to explore factors contributing to any observed heterogeneity. Overall, we observed evidence of positive associations between PACE and global WM volume (effect size (Hedges's g) = 0.137, p < 0.001), global WM anomalies (effect size = 0.182, p < 0.001), and local microstructure integrity (i.e., corpus callosum: effect size = 0.345, p < 0.001, and anterior limb of internal capsule: effect size = 0.198, p < 0.001). These findings suggest that higher levels of PACE are associated with improved global WM volume and local integrity. We appraise the quality of evidence, and discuss the implications of these findings for the preservation of WM across the lifespan. We conclude by providing recommendations for future research in order to advance our understanding of the specific PACE parameters and neurobiological mechanisms underlying these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan Maleki
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, 770 Blackburn RD, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Joshua Hendrikse
- Movement and Exercise Neuroscience Laboratory, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Yann Chye
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, 770 Blackburn RD, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Karen Caeyenberghs
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - James P Coxon
- Movement and Exercise Neuroscience Laboratory, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Stuart Oldham
- Neural Systems and Behaviour, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.,Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Chao Suo
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, 770 Blackburn RD, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia.
| | - Murat Yücel
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, 770 Blackburn RD, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia.
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44
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Huang CX, Zhang L, Xiao Q, Li C, Qiu X, Chao FL, Xiu Y, Wang SR, Zhang Y, Tang Y. Effects of 4-month running exercise on the spatial learning ability and white matter volume and microvessels of middle-aged female and male rats. J Comp Neurol 2022; 530:2749-2761. [PMID: 35677971 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Age-related degeneration of microvessels is known to occur in white matter, and exercise training can enhance brain function and promote cerebral blood flow. However, the effects of exercise training on microvessels in aged white matter are unknown. Forty-one middle-aged male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a sedentary group and an exercised group. The rats in the exercised group were made to run on treadmills for 4 months. The spatial learning capacities of all groups were then assessed with the Morris water maze. White matter and its microvessels were investigated using immunohistological techniques and stereological methods. In the exercised group, females but not males, showed improved performance over time in the Morris water maze. In females but not males, the exercised rats showed significantly increased white matter volume compared with that of sedentary rats. The total length of microvessels in the white matter in the exercised group was significantly increased compared with that in the sedentary group in both males and females, but the total volume and total surface area of microvessels in the white matter did not differ significantly between the sedentary and exercised rats. Regular treadmill exercise had protective effects on spatial learning capacity, white matter volume, and the total length of microvessels in the white matter in middle-aged female rats and on the total length of microvessels in the white matter in middle-aged male rats. The results obtained might increase our understanding of the mechanisms by which exercise delays brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Xia Huang
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Xiao
- Department of Radioactive Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Neurology, Cadre's Ward, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuan Qiu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First People's Hospital of Changde, Changde, Hunan, China
| | - Feng-Lei Chao
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yun Xiu
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - San-Rong Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong Tang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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45
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Qin S, Basak C. Fitness and arterial stiffness in healthy aging: Modifiable cardiovascular risk factors contribute to altered default mode network patterns during executive function. Neuropsychologia 2022; 172:108269. [PMID: 35595064 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Increases in cardiovascular risks such as high blood pressure and low physical fitness have been independently associated with altered default mode network (DMN) activation patterns in healthy aging. However, cardiovascular risk is a multidimensional health problem. Therefore, we need to investigate multiple cardiovascular risk factors and their contributions to cognition and DMN activations in older adults, which has not yet been done. The current fMRI study examined contributions of two common modifiable cardiovascular risk factors (arterial stiffness and physical fitness) on DMN activations involved during random n-back, a task of executive functioning and working memory, in older adults. The results how that high cardiovascular risk of either increased arterial stiffness or decreased fitness independently contributed to worse task performance and reduced deactivations in two DMN regions: the anterior and posterior cingulate cortices. We then examined not only the potential interaction between the two risk factors, but also their additive (i.e., combined) effect on performance and DMN deactivations. A significant interaction between the two cardiovascular risk factors was observed on performance, with arterial stiffness moderating the relationship between physical fitness and random n-back accuracy. The additive effect of the two factors on task performance was driven by arterial stiffness. Arterial stiffness was also found to be the driving factor when the additive effect of the two risk factors was examined on DMN deactivations. However, in posterior cingulate cortex, a hub region of the DMN, the additive effect on its deactivation was significantly higher than the effect of each risk factor alone. These results suggest that the effects of cardiovascular risks on the aging brain are complicated and multi-dimensional, with arterial stiffness moderating or driving the combined effects on performance and anterior DMN deactivations, but physical fitness contributing additional effect to posterior DMN deactivation during executive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Qin
- Center for Vital Longevity, University of Texas at Dallas, United States
| | - Chandramallika Basak
- Center for Vital Longevity, University of Texas at Dallas, United States; Department of Psychology, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, United States.
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Kiesl D, Kuzdas-Sallaberger M, Fuchs D, Brunner S, Kommenda R, Tischler C, Hornich H, Akbari K, Kellermair J, Blessberger H, Ocenasek H, Hofmann P, Zimmer P, Vosko MR. Protocol for the Exercise, Cancer and Cognition - The ECCO-Study: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Simultaneous Exercise During Neo-/Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer Patients and Its Effects on Neurocognition. Front Neurol 2022; 13:777808. [PMID: 35401389 PMCID: PMC8990905 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.777808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Epidemiological studies show that increased physical activity is linked to a lower risk of breast cancer and mortality. As a result, physical activity can significantly improve patients' quality of life (QOL) both during and after therapy.Many breast cancer patients demonstrate a decrease in cognitive capacity, referred to as the symptom-complex cancer related cognitive impairment (CRCI). Most frequently reported impairments are mild to moderate deficits in processing speed, attention, memory, and executive functions. Cognitive symptoms persist for months or even years, following medical treatment in roughly 35% of afflicted people, impairing everyday functioning, limiting the ability to return to work, and lowering the overall QOL. Recent studies point toward a key role of inflammatory pathways in the CRCI genesis. Attention to physical activity as a potential supportive care option is therefore increasing. However, evidence for the positive effects of exercise on preventing CRCI is still lacking. Patients and Methods Against this background, the prospective, two-arm, 1:1 randomized, controlled trial investigates the influence of first line chemotherapy accompanied by exercise training on preventing CRCI in 126 patients with breast cancer at the local University Hospital. The study will evaluate biomarkers and secondary assessments suspected to be involved in the pathogenesis of CRCI in addition to objective (primary outcome) and subjective cognitive function. CRCI is believed to be connected to either functional and/or morphological hippocampal damage due to chemotherapy. Thus, cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and hippocampal volume measurements are performed. Furthermore, a specific neuropsychological test battery for breast cancer patients has been developed to detect early signs of cognitive impairments in patients and to be integrated into practice. Discussion This study will explore how a long-term supervised exercise intervention program might prevent CRCI, enables optimization of supportive care and objectifies limits of psychological and physical resilience in breast cancer patients during and after chemotherapy treatment. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov: Identifier: NCT04789187. Registered on 09 March 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kiesl
- Department for Internal Medicine III, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
| | | | - David Fuchs
- Department for Palliative Care, Ordensklinikum Linz, Sisters of Mercy Hospital, Linz, Austria
| | - Silvana Brunner
- Department for Clinical Psychology, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
| | - Romana Kommenda
- Department for Clinical Psychology, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
| | - Clemens Tischler
- Department for Clinical Psychology, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
| | | | - Kaveh Akbari
- Central Radiology Institute, Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - Jörg Kellermair
- Department of Cardiology, Medical Faculty of the Johannes Kepler University, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
| | - Hermann Blessberger
- Department of Cardiology, Medical Faculty of the Johannes Kepler University, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
| | | | - Peter Hofmann
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport & Health, Exercise Physiology, Training & Training Therapy Research Group, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Philipp Zimmer
- Divison of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Milan R Vosko
- Department of Neurology, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
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Salzman T, Dupuy O, Fraser SA. Effects of Cardiorespiratory Fitness on Cerebral Oxygenation in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review. Front Physiol 2022; 13:838450. [PMID: 35309063 PMCID: PMC8931490 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.838450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Exercise is known to improve cognitive functioning and the cardiorespiratory hypothesis suggests that this is due to the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) level and cerebral oxygenation. The purpose of this systematic review is to consolidate findings from functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) studies that examined the effect of CRF level on cerebral oxygenation during exercise and cognitive tasks. Methods Medline, Embase, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science were systematically searched. Studies categorizing CRF level using direct or estimated measures of V̇O2max and studies measuring cerebral oxygenation using oxyhemoglobin ([HbO2]) and deoxyhemoglobin ([HHb]) were included. Healthy young, middle-aged, and older adults were included whereas patient populations and people with neurological disorders were excluded. Results Following PRISMA guidelines, 14 studies were retained following abstract and full-text screening. Cycle ergometer or treadmill tests were used as direct measures of CRF, and one study provided an estimated value using a questionnaire. Seven studies examined the effects of CRF on cerebral oxygenation during exercise and the remaining seven evaluated it during cognitive tasks. Increased [HbO2] in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) was observed during cognitive tasks in higher compared to lower fit individuals. Only one study demonstrated increased [HHb] in the higher fit group. Exercise at submaximal intensities revealed increased [HbO2] in the PFC in higher compared to lower fit groups. Greater PFC [HHb] was also observed in long- vs. short-term trained males but not in females. Primary motor cortex (M1) activation did not differ between groups during a static handgrip test but [HHb] increased beyond maximal intensity in a lower compared to higher fit group. Conclusion Consistent with the cardiorespiratory hypothesis, higher fit young, middle-aged, and older adults demonstrated increased cerebral oxygenation compared to lower fit groups. Future research should implement randomized controlled trials to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions that improve CRF and cerebral oxygenation longitudinally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talia Salzman
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Olivier Dupuy
- Laboratory MOVE, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Kinesiology and Physical Activity Sciences (EKSAP), University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sarah Anne Fraser
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Sarah Anne Fraser,
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You Y, Wang D, Liu J, Chen Y, Ma X, Li W. Physical Exercise in the Context of Air Pollution: An Emerging Research Topic. Front Physiol 2022; 13:784705. [PMID: 35295574 PMCID: PMC8918627 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.784705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise (PE) brings physiological benefits to human health; paradoxically, exposure to air pollution (AP) is harmful. Hence, the combined effects of AP and PE are interesting issues worth exploring. The objective of this study is to review literature involved in AP-PE fields to perform a knowledge-map analysis and explore the collaborations, current hotspots, physiological applications, and future perspectives. Herein, cluster, co-citation, and co-occurrence analysis were applied using CiteSpace and VOSviewer software. The results demonstrated that AP-PE domains have been springing up and in rapid growth since the 21st century. Subsequently, active countries and institutions were identified, and the productive institutions were mainly located in USA, China, UK, Spain, and Canada. Developed countries seemed to be the major promoters. Additionally, subject analysis found that environmental science, public health, and sports medicine were the core subjects, and multidimensional communications were forming. Thereafter, a holistic presentation of reference co-citation clusters was conducted to discover the research topics and trace the development focuses. Youth, elite athletes, and rural population were regarded as the noteworthy subjects. Commuter exposure and moderate aerobic exercise represented the common research context and exercise strategy, respectively. Simultaneously, the research hotspots and application fields were elaborated by keyword co-occurrence distribution. It was noted that physiological adaptations including respiratory, cardiovascular, metabolic, and mental health were the major themes; oxidative stress and inflammatory response were the mostly referred mechanisms. Finally, several challenges were proposed, which are beneficial to promote the development of the research field. Molecular mechanisms and specific pathways are still unknown and the equilibrium points and dose-effect relationships remain to be further explored. We are highly confident that this study provides a unique perspective to systematically and comprehensively review the pieces of AP-PE research and its related physiological mechanisms for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei You
- Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Dizhi Wang
- Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxiu Liu
- Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuquan Chen
- Institute of Medical Information/Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xindong Ma
- Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xindong Ma
| | - Wenkai Li
- China Table Tennis College, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Wenkai Li
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49
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Jennen L, Mazereel V, Lecei A, Samaey C, Vancampfort D, van Winkel R. Exercise to spot the differences: a framework for the effect of exercise on hippocampal pattern separation in humans. Rev Neurosci 2022; 33:555-582. [PMID: 35172422 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2021-0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Exercise has a beneficial effect on mental health and cognitive functioning, but the exact underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this review, we focus on the effect of exercise on hippocampal pattern separation, which is a key component of episodic memory. Research has associated exercise with improvements in pattern separation. We propose an integrated framework mechanistically explaining this relationship. The framework is divided into three pathways, describing the pro-neuroplastic, anti-inflammatory and hormonal effects of exercise. The pathways are heavily intertwined and may result in functional and structural changes in the hippocampus. These changes can ultimately affect pattern separation through direct and indirect connections. The proposed framework might guide future research on the effect of exercise on pattern separation in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Jennen
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Center for Clinical Psychiatry, ON V Herestraat 49, bus 1029, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Victor Mazereel
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Center for Clinical Psychiatry, ON V Herestraat 49, bus 1029, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Leuvensesteenweg 517, 3070 Leuven-Kortenberg, Belgium
| | - Aleksandra Lecei
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Center for Clinical Psychiatry, ON V Herestraat 49, bus 1029, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Celine Samaey
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Center for Clinical Psychiatry, ON V Herestraat 49, bus 1029, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Davy Vancampfort
- University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Leuvensesteenweg 517, 3070 Leuven-Kortenberg, Belgium.,KU Leuven Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, ON IV Herestraat 49, bus 1510, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ruud van Winkel
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Center for Clinical Psychiatry, ON V Herestraat 49, bus 1029, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Leuvensesteenweg 517, 3070 Leuven-Kortenberg, Belgium
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Windham BG, Parker SB, Zhu X, Gabriel KP, Palta P, Sullivan KJ, Parker KG, Knopman DS, Gottesman RF, Griswold ME, Mosley TH. Endurance and gait speed relationships with mild cognitive impairment and dementia. Alzheimers Dement (Amst) 2022; 14:e12281. [PMID: 35155735 PMCID: PMC8828991 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Slower mobility is associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. We examined the interaction of endurance with gait speed on prevalent MCI and dementia. METHODS Cross-sectional multinomial regression in the ARIC cohort (n = 2844 participants; 71 to 94 years; 44% men; 18% Black persons) with cognitive status (normal/MCI/dementia), 4 m gait speed, and endurance (2 minute walk [2MW]). RESULTS Faster gait speed (up to but not above 1 m/s) and better 2MW were separately associated with lower dementia risk. Good performance in both (2MW = 200 m, gait speed = 1.2 m/s) was associated with 99% lower dementia (Relative Prevalence Ratio [RPR] = 0.01 [95% CI: 0.0 to 0.06]) and 73% lower MCI, RPR = 0.27 (0.15 to 0.48) compared to poor performance in both (2MW = 100 m, gait speed = 0.8 m/s). Models incorporating a gait speed-by-2MW interaction term outperformed gait speed-only models (P < .001). DISCUSSION Gait speed relationships with dementia diminish at faster gait speeds. Combining endurance with gait speed may yield more sensitive markers of MCI and dementia than gait speed alone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara B. Parker
- The MIND CenterUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMississippiUSA
| | - Xiaoqian Zhu
- The MIND CenterUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMississippiUSA
| | - Kelley Pettee Gabriel
- Department of EpidemiologyThe University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
| | - Priya Palta
- Department of General MedicineColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Kevin J. Sullivan
- The MIND CenterUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMississippiUSA
| | - Kirby G. Parker
- The MIND CenterUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMississippiUSA
| | | | - Rebecca F. Gottesman
- Stroke BranchNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Intramural Research ProgramBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Michael E. Griswold
- The MIND CenterUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMississippiUSA
| | - Thomas H. Mosley
- The MIND CenterUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMississippiUSA
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