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Ortega FB, Leskošek B, Blagus R, Gil-Cosano JJ, Mäestu J, Tomkinson GR, Ruiz JR, Mäestu E, Starc G, Milanovic I, Tammelin TH, Sorić M, Scheuer C, Carraro A, Kaj M, Csányi T, Sardinha LB, Lenoir M, Emeljanovas A, Mieziene B, Sidossis LS, Pihu M, Lovecchio N, Konstabel K, Tambalis KD, Štefan L, Drenowatz C, Rubín L, Gontarev S, Castro-Piñero J, Vanhelst J, O'Keeffe B, Veiga OL, Gisladottir T, Sandercock G, Misigoj-Durakovic M, Niessner C, Riso EM, Popovic S, Kuu S, Chinapaw M, Clavel I, Labayen I, Dobosz J, Colella D, Kriemler S, Salaj S, Noriega MJ, Bös K, Sánchez-López M, Lakka TA, Tabacchi G, Novak D, Ahrens W, Wedderkopp N, Jurak G. European fitness landscape for children and adolescents: updated reference values, fitness maps and country rankings based on nearly 8 million test results from 34 countries gathered by the FitBack network. Br J Sports Med 2023; 57:299-310. [PMID: 36623866 PMCID: PMC9985767 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-106176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES (1) To develop reference values for health-related fitness in European children and adolescents aged 6-18 years that are the foundation for the web-based, open-access and multilanguage fitness platform (FitBack); (2) to provide comparisons across European countries. METHODS This study builds on a previous large fitness reference study in European youth by (1) widening the age demographic, (2) identifying the most recent and representative country-level data and (3) including national data from existing fitness surveillance and monitoring systems. We used the Assessing Levels of PHysical Activity and fitness at population level (ALPHA) test battery as it comprises tests with the highest test-retest reliability, criterion/construct validity and health-related predictive validity: the 20 m shuttle run (cardiorespiratory fitness); handgrip strength and standing long jump (muscular strength); and body height, body mass, body mass index and waist circumference (anthropometry). Percentile values were obtained using the generalised additive models for location, scale and shape method. RESULTS A total of 7 966 693 test results from 34 countries (106 datasets) were used to develop sex-specific and age-specific percentile values. In addition, country-level rankings based on mean percentiles are provided for each fitness test, as well as an overall fitness ranking. Finally, an interactive fitness platform, including individual and group reporting and European fitness maps, is provided and freely available online (www.fitbackeurope.eu). CONCLUSION This study discusses the major implications of fitness assessment in youth from health, educational and sport perspectives, and how the FitBack reference values and interactive web-based platform contribute to it. Fitness testing can be conducted in school and/or sport settings, and the interpreted results be integrated in the healthcare systems across Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco B Ortega
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Department of Physical and Sports Education; Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Granada, Spain .,Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Bojan Leskošek
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rok Blagus
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Institute for Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information technologies, University of Primorska, Glagoljaška, Slovenia
| | - José J Gil-Cosano
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Department of Physical and Sports Education; Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Granada, Spain.,Department of Communication and Education, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Dos Hermanas, Spain
| | - Jarek Mäestu
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Grant R Tomkinson
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), UniSA Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Department of Physical and Sports Education; Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Granada, Spain.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Evelin Mäestu
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Gregor Starc
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ivana Milanovic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tuija H Tammelin
- JAMK University of Applied Sciences, School of Health and Social Studies, LIKES, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Maroje Sorić
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,University of Zagreb, The Faculty of Kinesiology, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Claude Scheuer
- European Physical Education Association (EUPEA).,Department of Education and Social Work, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Attilio Carraro
- Faculty of Education, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Brixen, Italy
| | - Mónika Kaj
- Hungarian School Sport Federation, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Csányi
- Hungarian School Sport Federation, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Physical Education Theory and Methodology, Hungarian University of Sports Science, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Primary and Pre-School Education, ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Luis B Sardinha
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, 1499-002 Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Matthieu Lenoir
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Arunas Emeljanovas
- Lithuanian Sports University, Department of Physical and Social Education, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Brigita Mieziene
- Lithuanian Sports University, Department of Physical and Social Education, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Labros S Sidossis
- Mediterranean Lifestyle Medicine Institute and Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, USA
| | - Maret Pihu
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Nicola Lovecchio
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy.,Confederation of Italian Associations of Physical Education Teachers (Capdi & LSM), Venezia, Italy
| | - Kenn Konstabel
- Department of Chronic Diseases, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia.,Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Konstantinos D Tambalis
- Harokopio University, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Athens, Greece.,National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Athens, Greece
| | - Lovro Štefan
- University of Zagreb, The Faculty of Kinesiology, Zagreb, Croatia.,Faculty of Sports Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Recruitment and Examination (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Clemens Drenowatz
- Division of Sport, Physical Activity and Health, University of Education Upper Austria, Linz, Austria
| | - Lukáš Rubín
- Institute of Active Lifestyle, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Science, Humanities and Education, Technical University of Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Seryozha Gontarev
- Faculty of Physical Education, Sport and Health. Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - José Castro-Piñero
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Jérémy Vanhelst
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics - University of Paris Cité (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Brendan O'Keeffe
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Oscar L Veiga
- EstiLIFE Research Group. Department of Physical Education, Sport and Human Movement, Faculty of Teaching Training and Education, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Thordis Gisladottir
- Center of Sport and Health Sciences, School of Education, University of Iceland, Reykjavik Iceland
| | - Gavin Sandercock
- School of Sport Rehabilitation and Exercise Science, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | | | - Claudia Niessner
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Riso
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Stevo Popovic
- University of Montenegro, Faculty for Sport and Physical Education, Niksic, Montenegro.,Western Balkan Sport Innovation Lab, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Saima Kuu
- Tallinn University, School of Natural Sciences and Health, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Mai Chinapaw
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iván Clavel
- Galician Sport Foundation, General Sport Secretariat, Galician Government, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Performance and Health Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of A Coruña, Coruña, Spain
| | - Idoia Labayen
- Research Institute for Innovation & Sustainable Food Chain Development, Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Janusz Dobosz
- Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dario Colella
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Susi Kriemler
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sanja Salaj
- University of Zagreb, The Faculty of Kinesiology, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maria Jose Noriega
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology University of Cantabria, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Klaus Bös
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Mairena Sánchez-López
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain.,Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, School of Education, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Timo A Lakka
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Finland.,Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Foundation for Research in Health Exercise and Nutrition, Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Garden Tabacchi
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Dario Novak
- University of Zagreb, The Faculty of Kinesiology, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Wolfgang Ahrens
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Niels Wedderkopp
- The Pediatric Research Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Gregor Jurak
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Carl J, Bryant AS, Edwards LC, Bartle G, Birch JE, Christodoulides E, Emeljanovas A, Fröberg A, Gandrieau J, Gilic B, van Hilvoorde I, Holler P, Iconomescu TM, Jaunig J, Laudanska-Krzeminska I, Lundvall S, De Martelaer K, Martins J, Mieziene B, Mendoza-Muñoz M, Mouton A, Olaru BS, Onofre M, Pavlova I, Repond MR, Riga V, Salin K, Schnitzler C, Sekulic D, Töpfer C, Vasickova J, Yıldızer G, Zito V, Bentsen P, Green N, Elsborg P. Physical literacy in Europe: The current state of implementation in research, practice, and policy. J Exerc Sci Fit 2023; 21:165-176. [PMID: 36688001 PMCID: PMC9827378 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/objective The holistic concept of physical literacy (PL) embraces different person-centered qualities (physical, cognitive, affective/psychological) necessary to lead physically active lifestyles. PL has recently gained increasing attention globally and Europe is no exception. However, scientific endeavors summarizing the current state of PL in Europe are lacking. Therefore, the goal of this study was to comprehensively assess and compare the implementation of PL in research, policy, and practice across the continent. Methods We assembled a panel of experts representing 25 European countries. Employing a complementary mixed-methods design, the experts first prepared reviews about the current state of PL in their countries (categories: research, practice/policy). The reviews underwent comparative document analysis, ensuring a transnational four-eyes principle. For re-validation purposes, the representatives completed a quantitative survey with questions reflecting the inductive themes from the document analysis. Results The document analysis resulted in ten disjunct themes (related to "concept", "research", "practice/policy", "future/prospect") and yielded a heterogenous PL situation in Europe. The implementation state was strongly linked to conceptual discussions (e.g., existence of competing approaches), linguistic issues (e.g., translations), and country-specific traditions. Despite growing scholarly attention, PL hesitantly permeates practice and policy in most countries. Nevertheless, the experts largely anticipate increasing popularity of PL for the future. Conclusion Despite the heterogeneous situation across Europe, the analysis has uncovered similarities among the countries, such as the presence of established yet not identical concepts. Research should intensify academic activities (conceptual-linguistic elaborations, empirical work) before PL may gain further access into practical and political spheres in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Carl
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Sport Science and Sport, Gebbertstraße 123b, 91058, Erlangen, Germany,Corresponding author.
| | - Anna S. Bryant
- Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff School of Education and Social Policy / School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cyncoed Road, CF23 6XD, Cardiff, UK
| | - Lowri C. Edwards
- Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff School of Education and Social Policy / School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cyncoed Road, CF23 6XD, Cardiff, UK
| | - Gillian Bartle
- University of Dundee, Division of Education and Society, DD1 4HN, Nethergate Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Jens E. Birch
- Oslo Metropolitan University, Department of Primary and Secondary Teacher Education, P.O. Box 4, St. Olavs Plass, 0130, Oslo, Norway
| | - Efstathios Christodoulides
- University of Central Lancashire Cyprus, School of Sciences/Sport and Exercise Sciences, 12-14 University Avenue, Pyla, 7080, Larnaka, Cyprus
| | - Arunas Emeljanovas
- Lithuanian Sports University, Department of Physical and Social Education, Sporto Str. 6, 44221, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Andreas Fröberg
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Food and Nutrition and Sport Science, Läroverksgatan 5, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joseph Gandrieau
- University Lille, University Artois, University Littoral Côte d’Opale, Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, 413 Av. Eugène Avinée, 59120, Loos, France
| | - Barbara Gilic
- University of Split, Faculty of Kinesiology, Teslina 6, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Ivo van Hilvoorde
- Windesheim University of Applied Sciences, Campus 2, 8017, CA, Zwolle, Netherlands,Université Côte d’Azur, LAMHESS261, Boulevard du Mercantour B.P. 3259 06205 Nice Cedex 03, France
| | - Peter Holler
- FH JOANNEUM University of Applied Sciences, Institute of Health Management in Tourism, Kaiser-Franz-Josef-Strasse 24, 8344, Bad Gleichenberg, Austria
| | - Teodora M. Iconomescu
- Dunărea de Jos University, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Domneasca Street no. 47, 800008, Galati, Romania
| | - Johannes Jaunig
- University of Graz, Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, Mozartgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Ida Laudanska-Krzeminska
- Poznan University of Physical Education, Department of Physical Activity and Health Promotion Science, ul. Krolowej Jadwigi 27/39, 61-871, Poznan, Poland
| | - Suzanne Lundvall
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Food and Nutrition and Sport Science, Department, Läroverksgatan 5, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - João Martins
- Centro de Estudos em Educação, Fac. de Motricidade Humana e UIDEF, Instituto da Educação, Universidade de Lisboa, Estr. da Costa, 1499-002, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Brigita Mieziene
- Lithuanian Sports University, Department of Physical and Social Education, Sporto Str. 6, 44221, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Maria Mendoza-Muñoz
- University of Extremadura, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Av. de la Universidad S/n, 10003, Caceres, Spain
| | - Alexandre Mouton
- University of Liège, Research Unit for a Life-Course Perspective on Health & Education (RUCHE), Allée des Sports 2, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Bogdan S. Olaru
- Dunărea de Jos University, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Domneasca Street no. 47, 800008, Galati, Romania
| | - Marcos Onofre
- Centro de Estudos em Educação, Fac. de Motricidade Humana e UIDEF, Instituto da Educação, Universidade de Lisboa, Estr. da Costa, 1499-002, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Iuliia Pavlova
- Lviv State University of Physical Culture, Department of Theory and Methods of Physical Culture, Kostiushka Str. 11, 79007, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Marie Rose Repond
- Federal Institute of Sport, Bern University of Applied Sciences, 2532, Magglingen, Switzerland
| | - Vassiliki Riga
- University of Patras, Department of Educational Sciences & Early Childhood Education, University Campus, 26504, Rio, Greece
| | - Kasper Salin
- University of Jyväskylä, Faculty of Sport & Health Sciences, Keskussairaalantie 4, 40100, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Christophe Schnitzler
- E3S laboratory - UR 1342 - University of Strasbourg 14, Rue R. Descartes, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Damir Sekulic
- University of Split, Faculty of Kinesiology, Teslina 6, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Clemens Töpfer
- University of Jena, Institute for Sports Science, Seidelstraße 20, 07749, Jena, Germany
| | - Jana Vasickova
- Palacký University Olomouc, Faculty of Physical Culture, Department of Social Science in Kinanthropology, Tr. Miru 117, 77900, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Günay Yıldızer
- Eskişehir Technical University, Department of Physical Education and Sport, 2 Eylül Kampüsü, 26555, Eseksehir, Türkiye
| | - Viviana Zito
- Capdi & LSM, Piazzale Dante 8, 74121, Taranto, Italy
| | - Peter Bentsen
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, Rolighedsvej 23, 1958, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Nigel Green
- International Physical Literacy Association, 9 Pine View, WN3 6DF, Winstanley (Wigan), England, UK
| | - Peter Elsborg
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Nordre Fasanvej 57, 2000, Frederiksberg, Denmark,Health Promotion Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 83, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
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Mieziene B, Emeljanovas A, Novak D, Kawachi I. Social Capital Promotes a Healthier Diet among Young Adults by Reducing Psychological Distress. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235187. [PMID: 36501217 PMCID: PMC9737172 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have revealed the links between social capital and diet. However, the mediating role of psychological distress in this relationship has been understudied. This study aims to identify direct and indirect relationships between social capital and adherence to the Mediterranean diet among Lithuanian young adults and identify the mediating role of psychological distress in this relationship. Data were collected from 1336 young adults, aged 18-36 years; 40.5% were males. MEDAS was used to measure adherence to a healthy diet. Social capital was measured by eight separate items in terms of family support, social support, social cohesion, social trust, communication, collaboration, participation, and distant communication. Kessler's six-item scale was used to assess psychological distress. Higher family support (β = 0.105), higher social participation (β = 0.294), and lower psychological distress (β = 0.073) directly predicted higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Social capital was indirectly related to adherence to the Mediterranean diet, with standardized effect sizes of 0.02-0.04, indicating small effect sizes. Thus, psychological distress mediates the relationship between social capital and a healthy diet. Given that social capital is related to psychological health and both directly and indirectly predicts healthy behavior in young adults, further longitudinal and experimental research is required to measure the effects of the intervention on incorporating, facilitating, encouraging, and implementing measures to strengthen the social connection between people and groups of people within the community, neighborhood, and organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigita Mieziene
- Department of Physical and Social Education, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Correspondence:
| | - Arunas Emeljanovas
- Department of Physical and Social Education, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Dario Novak
- The Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, 10110 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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4
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Mieziene B, Burkaite G, Emeljanovas A, Tilindiene I, Novak D, Kawachi I. Adherence to Mediterranean diet among Lithuanian and Croatian students during COVID-19 pandemic and its health behavior correlates. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1000161. [PMID: 36187633 PMCID: PMC9523256 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1000161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintaining healthy behavior, especially in times of crisis like the COVID-19 pandemic, is particularly important for staying healthy. Nutrition is an everyday behavior and along with other health-related behaviors is associated with many health outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess and compare adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and particular food choices among the Mediterranean and non-Mediterranean populations of university students and identify its lifestyle correlates at the outburst of the COVID-19 pandemic. In total, self-reported data on health-related behavior and sociodemographic characteristics were collected from 1,388 study participants, 66.4% were Lithuanians, and 33.6% were Croatians. Results revealed that vegetables, olive oil, fruits, nuts, legumes, and fish were remarkably underconsumed among university students in the Mediterranean and non-Mediterranean countries during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the composite diet is similar between countries. The higher adherence to MedDiet is associated with physical activity (β = 0.15) and non-smoking (β = 0.08). In times of crisis, public health entities should provide knowledge, skills, and tools for healthy nutrition specifying them by age and subpopulation. Interventions at the university should be implemented to build infrastructure and provide an access to health behavior-friendly environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigita Mieziene
- Department of Physical and Social Education, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania,*Correspondence: Brigita Mieziene
| | - Greta Burkaite
- Department of Physical and Social Education, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Arunas Emeljanovas
- Department of Physical and Social Education, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ilona Tilindiene
- Department of Physical and Social Education, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Dario Novak
- Department of General and Applied Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
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5
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Mieziene B, Emeljanovas A, Putriute V, Novak D. The Direct and Indirect Relationships Within the Extended Trans-contextual Model for Moderate-to-vigorous Physical Activity. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:666040. [PMID: 33912525 PMCID: PMC8071955 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.666040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the low levels of physical activity (PA) in adolescence, there are challenges to increasing students' PA outside of the school setting. Thus, researchers emphasize the supportive role that physical education (PE) teachers can play in PA motivation both in and out of school. The aim of the present study was to examine an expanded trans-contextual model (TCM) model for the transit of teachers' perceived support of students' autonomy in terms of contextual and situational motivation in PE to objectively measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in PE across different PE contents as well as to the motivational sequence for, and participation in, subjective MVPA during leisure time. This cross-sectional study involved 283 high school students, of whom 43.9% were boys. The autonomous support students received and other motivational factors and objective measures of MVPA in PE and subjective MVPA in leisure time were measured. The results indicate that support for autonomy was significantly and directly related to needs satisfaction (β = 0.61, p < 0.001) and indirectly to autonomous motivation in PE (β = 0.19, p < 0.001) and leisure time (β = 0.16, p < 0.001), intention in PE (β = 0.03, p < 0.05) and leisure time (β = 0.07, p < 0.001), and leisure time MVPA (β = 0.04, p < 0.001), although not MVPA in PE. Gender was a significant covariate for both MVPA in PE (β = -0.62, p < 0.001) and MVPA in leisure time (β = -0.37, p < 0.001), with higher MVPA in boys than girls. This study filled a gap in the scientific literature by demonstrating the full motivational sequence resulting in actual MVPA in PE classes. It also demonstrated that the main goal of PE of enhancing PA not only in school but also outside of school is working. The main motivator is needs satisfaction based on PE teachers' support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigita Mieziene
- Department of Physical and Social Education, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Arunas Emeljanovas
- Department of Physical and Social Education, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vitalija Putriute
- Department of Physical and Social Education, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Dario Novak
- Department of General and Applied Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Mieziene B, Emeljanovas A, Fatkulina N, Stukas R. Dietary Pattern and Its Correlates among Lithuanian Young Adults: Mediterranean Diet Approach. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2025. [PMID: 32650389 PMCID: PMC7400829 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A poor diet leads to serious health risks and accounts for a significant proportion of deaths. Young adults are the population whose health behaviors particularly need to be studied in terms of nutrition because they are in a period of life when the effects of nutrition accumulate to health outcomes that usually appear later in life in forms of disease or infirmity. The aim of this study is to examine the dietary pattern and its relationships with physical activity and covariates, such as body mass index, gender, age and education among Lithuanian young adults of 18-36 years old. A cross-sectional study was performed among Lithuanian young people aged 18-36 years. Snowball sampling-a non-probability, convenient sampling strategy-was used. In total, data were collected from 3031 study participants: 1723 (56.8%) were male and 1308 (43.2%) were female. The mean age was 23.72 ± 4.80 years. Adherence to a dietary pattern was evaluated using the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS). Physical activity, height, weight and education data were also gathered. About 7% of young people fully complied with the health-related Mediterranean diet, and one-third had poor compliance. Non-compliance is mostly related to the underconsumption of olive oil, nuts, fish, seafood, legumes and wine, as well as the overconsumption of red meat. The female gender (β = 0.26; p < 0.01), higher education (β = 0.30; p < 0.01) and a sufficient level of physical activity (β = 0.15; p < 0.01) predict a healthier diet. These study results should be considered by nutrition policymakers and public health authorities to improve policies and develop intervention plans for improving the nutrition habits of young adults in order to prevent health-damaging outcomes later in their life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigita Mieziene
- Institute of Health Sciences, Vilnius University, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.E.); (N.F.); (R.S.)
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7
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Giuriato M, Lovecchio N, Fugiel J, Lopez Sanchez GF, Pihu M, Emeljanovas A. Enjoyment and self-reported physical competence according to Body Mass Index: international study in European primary school children. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2020; 60:1049-1055. [DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.20.10550-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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8
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Mieziene B, Emeljanovas A, Cesnaitiene VJ, Vizbaraite D, Zumbakyte-Sermuksniene R. Health Behaviors and Psychological Distress Among Conscripts of the Lithuanian Military Service: A Nationally Representative Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E783. [PMID: 32012683 PMCID: PMC7037156 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17030783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The decline in healthy behavior in young people is a concern for public health in general and for country's defense. The aim of this study is to identify and compare health behaviors and psychological distress between male conscripts enlisted and rejected for military service. This cross-sectional study included 1243 men aged 19-26 years (mean age 22.50 ± 2.43 years). We assessed health behaviors (physical activity, adherence to healthy eating patterns, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption) and psychological distress. Among all conscripts, 44.7% were physically inactive, 50.2% had low adherence to healthy nutrition, 9.6% were heavy drinkers, 62.3% were current smokers, and 9.1% had high psychological distress level. Compared with physically inactive conscripts, physically active conscripts were more likely to be enlisted (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.42; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11-2.03). Compared with current nonsmokers, current smokers were less likely to be enlisted (OR = 0.58; CI 0.39-0.86). Compared with conscripts with a high distress level, those with a low distress level were almost four times more likely to be enlisted (OR = 0.26; 95% CI 0.12-0.55). Adherence to guidelines for healthy eating and alcohol consumption was not significantly related to enlistment. These findings suggest that health behaviors in male conscripts are unsatisfactory. That is, about half are physically inactive, have a poor diet, and smoke, and nearly one in 10 is a heavy drinker and has a high psychological distress level. The enlisted conscripts were more likely to be sufficiently physically active and less likely to be a current smoker or have a high distress level. Early intervention programs to provide a heathier population of young men for conscription should focus on mental well-being and target health-related behaviors such as physical activity and not smoking. Preferably, these should be implemented as health education programs in schools to help prevent the development of adverse health behaviors among young men. Governmental policies and strategies are required to enable intersectional collaboration and shared responsibility among the education, military and health sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigita Mieziene
- Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.E.); (V.J.C.); (D.V.)
| | - Arunas Emeljanovas
- Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.E.); (V.J.C.); (D.V.)
| | | | - Daiva Vizbaraite
- Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.E.); (V.J.C.); (D.V.)
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9
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Emeljanovas A, Mieziene B, Cesnaitiene VJ, Fjortoft I, Kjønniksen L. Physical Fitness and Anthropometric Values Among Lithuanian Primary School Children: Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 34:414-421. [PMID: 31725558 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Emeljanovas, A, Mieziene, B, Cesnaitiene, VJ, Fjortoft, I, and Kjønniksen, L. Physical fitness and anthropometric values among Lithuanian primary school children: population-based cross-sectional study. J Strength Cond Res 34(2): 414-421, 2020-The purpose of the current study was to derive representative reference scores on anthropometric measures and test scores for the musculoskeletal, motor, and cardiorespiratory fitness of Lithuanian primary school children according to age and sex. This cross-sectional design study included 3,456 Lithuanian first- to fourth-grade children from age 6 to 10 years. Physical fitness was measured using a nine-item test battery developed by Fjørtoft et al. The test battery included the following tests: standing broad jump (explosive strength), jumping a distance of 7 m on 2 feet, jumping a distance of 7 m on 1 foot (both tests indicate leg muscle strength), throwing a tennis ball with one hand, and pushing a medicine ball with 2 hands (both tests indicate arm muscle strength). These tests measured musculoskeletal fitness. In addition, there were measures of a 10 × 5-m shuttle run (agility), running 20 m as fast as possible (speed), and climbing wall bars (coordination)-general tests of motor fitness. Reduced 6-minute Cooper test (endurance) measured cardiorespiratory fitness. A Student's t test and analysis of variance were performed to indicate differences between sexes and across age, respectively. The significant differences in mean scores in anthropometric and fitness means indicated that boys had higher scores than girls, and older children scored higher than younger children (p < 0.05). Data on normative sex- and age-specific percentile values (3rd, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, and 97th) for physical fitness tests in Lithuanian primary school children are provided. These data are useful for educational settings, parents, clinicians, sports organizations, and sports clubs in identifying problems or outstanding performance and providing sports programs that develop children's athletic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunas Emeljanovas
- Department of Physical and Social Education, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Brigita Mieziene
- Department of Physical and Social Education, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vida Janina Cesnaitiene
- Department of Physical and Social Education, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ingunn Fjortoft
- Department of Sports, Physical Education and Outdoor Studies, University College of Southeast Norway, Notodden, Norway
| | - Lise Kjønniksen
- Department of Sports, Physical Education and Outdoor Studies, University College of Southeast Norway, Notodden, Norway
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10
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Sukys S, Cesnaitiene VJ, Emeljanovas A, Mieziene B, Valantine I, Ossowski ZM. Reasons and Barriers for University Students' Leisure-Time Physical Activity: Moderating Effect of Health Education. Percept Mot Skills 2019; 126:1084-1100. [PMID: 31407961 DOI: 10.1177/0031512519869089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between health education and motives and barriers for university students' engagement in leisure-time physical activity (PA). The research sample included 709 students (312 females and 397 males) in different years of study, ranging in age between 18-25 years. A questionnaire survey method revealed a significant positive relationship between fitness and health motives and students' leisure-time PA. External barriers were negative predictors of students' leisure-time PA, while more health education-related courses per week were positively associated with students' leisure-time PA. Finally, we found that the number of health education-related courses per week moderated the relationship between fitness and health motives and students' leisure-time PA. These findings suggest that university students' fitness and health motives and external barriers to be physically active outweigh other motives and barriers in determining their leisure-time PA. In addition, health education in university studies can effectively increase students' health-related motivation for PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saulius Sukys
- Department of Health, Physical and Social Education, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vida J Cesnaitiene
- Department of Health, Physical and Social Education, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Arunas Emeljanovas
- Department of Health, Physical and Social Education, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Brigita Mieziene
- Department of Health, Physical and Social Education, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Irena Valantine
- Department of Sport Management, Economics and Sociology, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Zbigniew M Ossowski
- Faculty of Tourism and Recreation, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
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11
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Baceviciene M, Jankauskiene R, Emeljanovas A. Self-perception of physical activity and fitness is related to lower psychosomatic health symptoms in adolescents with unhealthy lifestyles. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:980. [PMID: 31337374 PMCID: PMC6647301 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7311-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The general aim of the present study was to examine how physical activity, participation in sports, and beliefs about personal physical activity and physical fitness are associated with adolescents’ psychosomatic health complaints (PHC) in relation to their lifestyles. Methods A total of 3284 11–19-year-old adolescents (average age 14.9 ± 2.0; 48.6% male) participated in the population-based cross-sectional study. Self-administered questionnaires addressed lifestyle, sports participation, physical activity, physical fitness perception, and PHC. Results Female gender (OR = 1.92; 95% CI = 1.57–2.35), smoking (OR = 1.31; 95%PI = 1.01–1.68), alcohol consumption (OR = 1.60; 95%PI = 1.30–1.97), unhealthy foods (OR = 1.14; 95%PI = 1.04–1.26), hours of internet use (OR = 1.14; 95%PI = 1.07–1.21), and poor personal fitness perception (OR = 1.60; 95% CI = 1.27–2.02) were associated with PHC in adolescents. Lower physical activity and self-perceived insufficient physical activity, perception of physical fitness as being poor, and not participating in sports were associated with greater somatic and psychological complaints controlling for age, gender, and BMI. Participation in sports and physical activity did not change PHC in adolescents involved in unhealthy behaviour. However, a positive perception of one’s own physical activity and physical fitness decreased PHC in adolescents who reported an unhealthy lifestyle. Conclusions Adolescents demonstrating poorer health-related behavioural profiles showed higher PHC. Physical activity and sports participation were related to lower PHC. Positive physical activity and physical fitness perception changed the associations between PHC and unhealthy lifestyle: adolescents perceiving themselves as sufficiently physically active and those evaluating their physical fitness as good showed lower PHC, despite the presence of unhealthy habits (high screen time, drinking alcohol, smoking, and consuming unhealthy foods). It is important to study cognitive factors when exploring the associations between adolescent lifestyles and PHC. These results are important for health promotion and education programmes aimed at improving healthy lifestyle and psychosocial well-being in adolescents. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-019-7311-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Migle Baceviciene
- Department of Physical and Social Education, Lithuanian Sports University, Sporto str. 6, LT-44221, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Rasa Jankauskiene
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovation, Lithuanian Sports University, Sporto str. 6, LT44221, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Arunas Emeljanovas
- Department of Physical and Social Education, Lithuanian Sports University, Sporto str. 6, LT-44221, Kaunas, Lithuania
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12
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Venckunas T, Mieziene B, Emeljanovas A. Aerobic Capacity Is Related to Multiple Other Aspects of Physical Fitness: A Study in a Large Sample of Lithuanian Schoolchildren. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1797. [PMID: 30618809 PMCID: PMC6297359 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated how aerobic capacity is related to performance in other aspects of health-related physical fitness among schoolchildren. The study involved >15,200 schoolchildren of both genders aged 11–18 years, who were tested with a reliable tests from Eurofit battery for most important aspects of exercise capacity and anthropometrics from 1992 to 2012. The analysis showed that aerobic capacity was weakly but significantly positively related to all other aspects of exercise abilities tested in all age groups for both genders. Variance of performance in agility shuttle run and standing broad jump were each explained by aerobic capacity the strongest (>10%), followed by weaker but still significant positive relation of aerobic capacity with the abilities in bent arm hang and abdominal curl tests (aerobic capacity explaining ∼6.5% of the variance of the performance in these tests), as well as in balance and flexibility tasks (aerobic capacity significantly explaining ∼3% of the variance). Thus, while aerobic capacity in schoolchildren of all ages and both genders can explain the performance in other aspects of physical fitness and especially leg muscle power, the percent of explained variance in the results of any these tests was not high and therefore aerobic capacity should be tested as a separate important fitness parameter which cannot be substituted by other tests from the Eurofit battery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Venckunas
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Brigita Mieziene
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Arunas Emeljanovas
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
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13
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Novak D, Emeljanovas A, Mieziene B, Štefan L, Kawachi I. How different contexts of social capital are associated with self-rated health among Lithuanian high-school students. Glob Health Action 2018; 11:1477470. [PMID: 29871556 PMCID: PMC5990934 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2018.1477470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Adolescents’ self-rated health is related to a number of sociodemographic and socio-economic factors, health-related behaviors, and their social environment. The impact of the latter is still not well explored. An adolescent’s social environment is represented by the social capital, i.e. social resources that they can access. The relationships between various contexts of social capital (family, neighborhood, peers, and school) and self-rated health among adolescents are still unclear. Objective. This study aims to examine the relationships between various social capital contexts and self-rated health in Lithuanian adolescents. Methods. The current cross-sectional study includes a nationally representative sample of 1863 adolescents (51.4% were girls) aged 14–18 years. The indicators of self-rated health as well as indicators of social capital in family, neighborhood, and school contexts were assessed. The results of the relationships between self-rated health and contexts of social capital were calculated controlling for the following covariates: physical activity, psychological distress, gender, body mass index, and family socioeconomic status. Results. Results indicate that there are significant relationships between good self-rated health and a higher level of family support, neighborhood trust, and vertical school trust. In the final logistic regression model, while controlling for all covariates, a higher level of family support and neighborhood trust remain significant predictors of good self-rated health. Conclusions. Family support and neighborhood trust are important correlates of self-rated health in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Novak
- a Faculty of Kinesiology , University of Zagreb , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Arunas Emeljanovas
- b Department of Health, Physical and Social Education , Lithuanian Sports University , Kaunas , Lithuania
| | - Brigita Mieziene
- b Department of Health, Physical and Social Education , Lithuanian Sports University , Kaunas , Lithuania
| | - Lovro Štefan
- a Faculty of Kinesiology , University of Zagreb , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- c Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences , Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston , Massachusetts , USA
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14
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Malinauskas R, Emeljanovas A, Valantine I. Retrospective attitudes towards the assessment system in physical education in the former Soviet Republic of Lithuania: Differences with regard to gender, education, age, and physical activity. BJHPA 2018. [DOI: 10.29359/bjhpa.10.3.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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15
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Terentjeviene A, Maciuleviciene E, Vadopalas K, Mickeviciene D, Karanauskiene D, Valanciene D, Solianik R, Emeljanovas A, Kamandulis S, Skurvydas A. Prefrontal Cortex Activity Predicts Mental Fatigue in Young and Elderly Men During a 2 h "Go/NoGo" Task. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:620. [PMID: 30233302 PMCID: PMC6127290 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although the effects of mental fatigue on cognitive–motor function and psychological state in young adults are well-documented, its effects in the elderly are not completely understood. The aim of this study was to estimate the effect of prolonged cognitive load on the indicators of psychological, cognitive, and motor functions. Methods: Fifteen young and 15 elderly men were asked to perform a 2 h “Go/NoGo” task. Psychological state (mood and motivation), cognitive (prefrontal cortex activity and cognitive performance), and motor (motor cortex excitability and grip strength) functions were measured before and after the task. During the 2 h task, both groups had a significantly similar increase in the number of “Incorrect NoGo” errors. Only in young men reaction time (RT) of “Incorrect NoGo” and intraindividual variability of RT of “Incorrect NoGo” significantly increased during task. After the task, handgrip strength decreased for the young men, whereas latency of motor evoked potentials prolonged both groups. Nevertheless, both groups indicated that they felt fatigue after the 2 h task; we observed that mental demand increased, whereas intrinsic motivation and mood decreased only in young men. Prolonged task decreased the switching/rest ratio of oxygenated hemoglobin for the young and the elderly men; however, greater for elderly than young men. Interestingly, the more the prefrontal cortex was activated before the 2 h task during the switching task, the fewer of “Incorrect NoGo” errors made by the young men and the greater the number of errors made by the elderly men. Conclusion: Because of the greater mental load and (possibly) greater activation of prefrontal cortex during the 2 h “Go/NoGo” task, there was greater mental and neuromuscular performance fatigue in young men than in elderly men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asta Terentjeviene
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Edita Maciuleviciene
- Department of Health, Physical and Social Education, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Kazys Vadopalas
- Department of Applied Biology and Rehabilitation, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Dalia Mickeviciene
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania.,Department of Applied Biology and Rehabilitation, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Diana Karanauskiene
- Department of Health, Physical and Social Education, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Dovile Valanciene
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rima Solianik
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania.,Department of Applied Biology and Rehabilitation, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Arunas Emeljanovas
- Department of Health, Physical and Social Education, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Sigitas Kamandulis
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Albertas Skurvydas
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania.,Department of Applied Biology and Rehabilitation, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
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16
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Novak D, Emeljanovas A, Mieziene B, Antala B, Stefan L, Kawachi I. Is Social Capital Associated with Academic Achievement in Lithuanian High-school Students? A Population-based Study. Monten J Sports Sci Med 2018. [DOI: 10.26773/mjssm.180905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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17
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Lovecchio N, Novak D, Sedlacek J, Hamar P, Milanovic I, Radisavljevic-Janic S, Emeljanovas A, Eid L, Zago M. Physical fitness for sedentary students: a common trend from six European countries. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2018; 59:1389-1396. [PMID: 30035472 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.18.08926-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have assessed the fitness level of students to evaluate physical condition, compare groups with differences in social disadvantage and to define indexes for post training programs. Often, these large surveys compared groups without normative value that could define the real, practical gaps. Thus, the aim of this study was the definition of baseline values describing the fitness level of sedentary European students. METHODS Standing broad jump (SBJ), sit up (SUP) and sit and reach (SAR) physical fitness tests were assessed on 31,476 students (age=11-13) from 6 European countries were collected and analyzed. RESULTS The effect size for multiple groups ANOVA was obtained to verify the biological consistence of differences. Then, weighted-means were calculated and stratified for age and gender. Overall, boys obtained SAR scores close to zero, while girls obtained results between 2 and 7 cm. The SUP test revealed similar results between boys and girls (about 20). SBJ performances were similar among countries (over 160 cm for boys and 150 for girls). CONCLUSIONS Our results were aligned to other studies performed in other Continents or Countries and can contribute to the establishment of a large and objective reference to readily evaluate the physical fitness and health-related status of young students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Lovecchio
- Department of Biomedical Science for Health, School of Sport Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy -
| | - Dario Novak
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,Institute for Anthropological Research, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Pal Hamar
- University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ivana Milanovic
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Arunas Emeljanovas
- Faculty of Sports Education, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Luca Eid
- CAPDI & LSM (Italian Physical Education Association), Venice, Italy
| | - Matteo Zago
- Department of Biomedical Science for Health, School of Sport Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengeneering, Polytechnic University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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18
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Hein V, Emeljanovas A, Ries F, Valantine I, Ekler JH, López PG. The Perception of the Autonomy Supportive Behaviour as a Predictor of Perceived Effort and Physical Self-esteem among School Students from Four Nations. Monten J Sports Sci Med 2018. [DOI: 10.26773/mjssm.180303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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19
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Novak D, Štefan L, Emeljanovas A, Mieziene B, Milanović I, Janić SR, Kawachi I. Factors associated with good self-rated health in European adolescents: a population-based cross-sectional study. Int J Public Health 2017; 62:971-979. [PMID: 28698897 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-017-1015-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to investigate self-reported health status and associated factors. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, the participants were 6501 adolescents (52% females) aged 14-19 years from three European countries: Croatia, Lithuania and Serbia. Self-rated health was assessed by using one item question: "How would you perceive your health?" The answers were arranged along a 5-point Likert-type scale: (1) very poor, (2) poor, (3) fair, (4) good and (5) excellent. The outcome was binarized as "good" (fair, good and excellent) and "poor" health (very poor and poor). Potential factors associated with self-rated health included demographic (age, gender, socioeconomic status and body-mass index), social (social capital) and lifestyle (physical activity and psychological distress) variables. RESULTS In both univariate and multivariate models, being older, being a boy, having higher level of family, neighbourhood and school social capital, participating in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity more frequently and having low psychological distress were associated with good self-rated health. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest strong associations between social and lifestyle factors and self-rated health. Other explanatory variables will require future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Novak
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lovro Štefan
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Arunas Emeljanovas
- Faculty of Sports Education, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Brigita Mieziene
- Faculty of Sports Education, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | | | | | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Budde H, Velasques B, Ribeiro P, Machado S, Emeljanovas A, Kamandulis S, Skurvydas A, Wegner M. Does intensity or youth affect the neurobiological effect of exercise on major depressive disorder? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 84:492-494. [PMID: 27693226 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this commentary is to discuss the different neurobiological effects of exercise on major depressive disorder (MDD) in children and adolescents and to provide additional explanations to this well written systematic review. This commentary highlights the effects of exercise on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which plays a crucial role in MDD. We address the questions of whether age and different exercise intensities may provide additional information on the neurobiological effects of acute or chronic exercise on MDD. Previous findings clearly suggest that the etiology of MDD is complex and multifaceted, involving numerous neurobiological systems, which are additionally influenced by these two factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Budde
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Physical Activity, Physical Education, Health and Sport Research Centre (PAPESH), Sports Science Department, School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland; Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Bruna Velasques
- Bioscience Department, School of Physical Education of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (EEFD/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Institute of Applied Neuroscience (INA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pedro Ribeiro
- Bioscience Department, School of Physical Education of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (EEFD/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Institute of Applied Neuroscience (INA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sergio Machado
- Panic and Respiration Lab, Institute of Psichiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Physical Activity Neuroscience, Physical Activity Sciences Postgraduate Program, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niterói, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Mirko Wegner
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Switzerland
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Mok MMC, Chin MK, Chen S, Emeljanovas A, Mieziene B, Bronikowski M, Laudanska-Krzeminska I, Milanovic I, Pasic M, Balasekaran G, Phua KW, Makaza D. Psychometric Properties of the Attitudes toward Physical Activity Scale: A Rasch Analysis Based on Data From Five Locations. J Appl Meas 2015; 16:379-400. [PMID: 26771567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This article describes the development and validation of the Attitudes toward Physical Activity Scale (APAS) to measure the attitudes, beliefs, and self-efficacy toward physical activity by children at the primary school level. The framework included: physical fitness, self-efficacy, personal best goal orientation in physical activity, interest in physical activity, importance of physical activity, benefits of physical activity, contributions of video exercise to learning in school subjects, contributions of video exercise to learning about health and environmental support. The sample comprised of 630 school students between grades 1 and 7 from five countries, namely Lithuania (29%), Poland (26%), Serbia (19%), Singapore (16%) and Zimbabwe (11%). Rasch analysis found empirical evidence in support of measurement validity of the APAS in terms of Rasch item reliabilities, unidimensionality, effectiveness of response categories, and absence of gender differential item functioning (DIF). The validation of the APAS according to the Rasch model meant that a dependable tool was established for gauging programme effectiveness of intervention programs on physical activity of primary school children in classroom settings at various geographical locations globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Mo Ching Mok
- Magdalena Mo Ching Mok, Assessment Research Centre and Department of Psychological Studies, The Hong Kong Institute of Education, 10 Lo Ping Road, Tai Po, Hong Kong,
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Kamandulis S, Emeljanovas A, Skurvydas A. Stretching exercise volume for flexibility enhancement in secondary school children. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2013; 53:687-692. [PMID: 24247193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM The study aim was to establish the threshold of stretching volume for flexibility enhancement during physical education lessons in secondary school children. METHODS Subjects were 239 tenth grade children randomly assigned to four groups (boys 107, girls 132, mean age 15.1 ± 0.4). Children involved in after-school sports were not included in the study. Physical education lessons were performed twice a week for 45 minutes in duration. The intervention lasted for five weeks comprising 10 physical education lessons. Flexibility was determined from sit and reach test before and after intervention. Subjects in group 1 performed standard "sit and reach" test of four trials in every physical education lesson; in group 2 received one stretching exercise of four repetitions; group 3 received four stretching exercises of four repetitions; in group 4 no stretching was performed. RESULTS Flexibility improvement in group 3 were the greatest (21.6%; P<0.05), smaller in group 2 (12.6%, P<0.05) and smallest in 1 group (5.1%, P<0.05), while control group changes were insignificant (1.7%, P>0.05). CONCLUSION The main finding was that single flexibility test performed twice a week for five weeks was sufficient stimulus to increase range of motion in secondary school children. Stretching exercises provides exceptional prospects to achieve youths' improvement since schoolchildren are very sensitive to flexibility training.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kamandulis
- Sports and Movement Science Centre Lithuanian Academy of Physical Education Kaunas, Lithuania -
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Hein V, Ries F, Pires F, Caune A, Heszteráné Ekler J, Emeljanovas A, Valantiniene I. The relationship between teaching styles and motivation to teach among physical education teachers. J Sports Sci Med 2012; 11:123-130. [PMID: 24137068 PMCID: PMC3737859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study aims to investigate how teachers' motivation to teach is related to different teaching styles. A hundred and seventy six physical education teachers from five European countries participated in the study. Teachers' motivation was measured using an instrument developed by Roth et al., 2007 based on the Self-Determination Theory (Deci and Ryan, 1985) which was tested for suitability for use with physical education teachers. The use of teaching styles was assessed through teachers' self-reported data according to the description of teaching styles presented by Curtner-Smith et al., 2001. The revised confirmatory factor model of the teachers' motivation instrument, with three factors, met the criteria for satisfactory fit indices. The results showed that teachers were more intrinsically motivated to teach than externally. Cross-cultural comparison indicated that the Spanish teachers were more intrinsically motivated whilst Lithuanian teachers were more externally motivated than teachers from the other four countries. Teachers from all five countries reported a more frequent use of reproductive styles than productive styles. The results of the present study confirmed the hypotheses that teachers' autonomous motivation is related to the student-centered or productive teaching styles whilst non-autonomously motivated teachers adopt more teacher-centered or reproductive teaching styles. Intrinsic and introjected motivation was significantly higher among teachers who more frequently employed productive teaching styles than teachers who used them less frequently. Intrinsically motivated teachers using more productive teaching styles can contribute more to the promotion physical activity among students. KEY POINTS PE teachers were more intrinsically motivated to teach than externally.Spanish PE teachers were more intrinsically motivated, whereas Lithuanian PE teachers were more externally motivated.Teachers from all five countries reported a more frequent use of reproductive styles than productive styles.Teachers' autonomous motivation is related to student-centered teaching styles and not autonomously motivated teachers adopt more teacher-centered teaching styles.Intrinsic and introjected motivations were significantly higher among PE teachers using frequently productive teaching styles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vello Hein
- Faculty of Exercise and Sports Sciences, University of Tartu , Estonia
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