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Zhang M, Dong Y, Li Q, Sun H, Li X. Catalytic Properties of [PSiP] Pincer Cobalt(II) Chlorides Supported by Trimethylphosphine for Alkene Hydrosilylation Reactions. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:8807-8815. [PMID: 38688019 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, six silyl [PSiP] pincer cobalt(II) chlorides 1-6 [(2-Ph2PC6H4)2MeSiCo(Cl)(PMe3)] (1), [(2-Ph2PC6H4)2HSiCo(Cl)(PMe3)] (2), [(2-Ph2PC6H4)2PhSiCo(Cl)(PMe3)] (3), [(2-iPr2PC6H4)2HSiCo(Cl)(PMe3)] (4), [(2-iPr2PC6H4)2MeSiCo(Cl)(PMe3)] (5), and [(2-iPr2PC6H4)2PhSiCo(Cl)(PMe3)] (6)) were prepared from the corresponding [PSiP] pincer preligands (L1-L6), CoCl2 and PMe3 by Si-H bond activation. The catalytic activity of complexes 1-6 for alkene hyrdosilylation was studied. It was confirmed that complex 1 is the best catalyst with excellent regioselectivity among the six complexes. Using 1 as the catalyst, the catalytic reaction was completed within 1 h at 50 °C, predominantly affording Markovnikov products for aryl alkenes and anti-Markovnikov products for aliphatic alkene substrates. During the investigation of the catalytic mechanism, the Co(II) hydrides [(2-Ph2PC6H4)2MeSiCo(H)(PMe3)] (8) and [(2-iPr2PC6H4)2MeSiCo(H)(PMe3)] (9) were obtained from the stoichiometric reactions of complex 1 and 5 with NaBHEt3, respectively. Complexes 8 and 9 could also be obtained by the reactions of preligands L1 and L5 with Co(PMe3)4 via Si-H bond cleavage. More experiments corroborated that complex 8 is the real catalyst for this catalytic system. Under the same catalytic conditions as complex 1, using complex 8 as a catalyst, complete conversion of styrene was also achieved in 1 h, and the selectivity remained unchanged. Based on the experimental results, we propose a plausible mechanism for this catalytic reaction. The addition of B(C6F5)3 to catalyst 1 can reverse the selectivity of styrene hydrosilylation from the Markovnikov product as the main product (b/l = 99:1) to the anti-Markovnikov product as the main product (b/l = 40:60). Further study indicated that using the (CoCl2 + L1) system instead of complex 1, the selectivity was changed from Markovnikov to anti-Markovnikov product (b/l = 1:99.7). Therefore, the selectivity for the substrate styrene is influenced by the presence of a PMe3 ligand. The different selectivities may be caused by different active species. For the system of complex 1, a cobalt(II) hydride is the real catalyst, but for the (CoCl2 + L1) system, a cobalt(I) complex is proposed as active species. The molecular structures of Co(II) compounds 5 and 9 were resolved by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhong Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingshuang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjian Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
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Garg B, Bisht T, Ling YC. A Heteroatom-Containing Functional Poly(Silylenevinylene): Synthesis, Anion Binding, and Sensing of Anion Extraction Processes. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300527. [PMID: 37990851 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic hydrosilylation is one of the important synthetic approaches to prepare functional organosilicon polymers. Herein, a functional silicon copolymer is constructed by polyhydrosilylation reaction between a novel 3,7-bis(dimethyl silane)-10-(2-ethylhexyl)-10H-phenothiazine monomer and a neutral tetrapyrrolic macrocycle, namely, 5,5,10,15,15,20-hexamethyl-10α, 20α-bis(4-[ethynylphenyl]) calix[4]pyrrole. The as-constructed copolymer (Mn = 9609, PDI = 2.2) is investigated as an extractant for organic anions as their tetrabutylammonium salts under interfacial aqueous-organic (water-chloroform) conditions. In this context, a distinctive naked-eye colorimetric as well as fluorescence detection method is developed based on anion-directed hydrogen-bonding interactions. This kind of color/fluorescence monitoring serves as a handy tool for rapid screening of anion extraction processes. The copolymer exhibits high selectivity toward extraction of chloride anion. This study augments the field of polycarbosilanes, poly(silylenevinylene)s in particular, allowing access to a new application window that can be further advanced with good grace in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Garg
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences and Technology, IIMT University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, 250001, India
| | - Tanuja Bisht
- Department of Chemistry, Indira Priyadarshini Government Girls P. G. College of Commerce, Haldwani, Uttarakhand, 263139, India
| | - Yong-Chien Ling
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
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Diviya M, Joel JJ, Subramanian M, Balasubramanian T, Madhusuthan AV, Monish N, Hasan N. Parametric investigation of W-EDM factors for machining AM60B conductive biomaterial. Sci Rep 2024; 14:216. [PMID: 38168764 PMCID: PMC10761742 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50777-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Wire-electrical discharge machining (W-EDM) is a precise and efficient non-traditional technology employed to cut intricate shapes in conductive biomaterials. These biomaterials are challenging to machine using traditional methods. This present study delves into the impact of various process parameters, namely discharge duration (Ddur), spark gap time (Stime), discharge voltage (Dvolt), and wire advance rate rate (Wadv). This research evaluates the impact of several factors on response variables, namely the machining rate (MR) and surface irregularity (SR), during the machining process of the AM60B magnesium alloy. The confirmation of the material used in the machining process is achieved via the utilisation of a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image in conjunction with an energy dispersive spectroscopic (EDS) image. The experiment is designed as L9 orthogonal array by using Taguchi's approach, taking into account 4 factors with 3 levels. The objective of this experiment is to ascertain the most favourable values for machining parameters while working with AM60B magnesium alloy using brass wire. Through analysis of variance (ANOVA), the study confirms that wire advance rate (43.10%) is the most influencing parameter for machining rate and surface irregularity followed by spark gap time (33.91%) and discharge duration (11.48%). Additionally, The TOPSIS-CRITIC and the desirability approach were used in order to determine the optimum parameter combinations that provide the most favourable combined output. Confirmatory testing is used to evaluate the efficiency of the stated ideal conditions. The maximum improvement in Desirability approach is obtained at 4.56% and 4.193% for MR and SR respectively. The maximum improvement in TOPSIS approach is obtained at 1.77% and 2.78% for MR and SR respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Diviya
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Amrita School of Computing, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham - Chennai Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 601103, India
| | - J Jebin Joel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, St. Joseph's College of Engineering, Old Mamallapuram Road, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600119, India
| | - M Subramanian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, St. Joseph's College of Engineering, Old Mamallapuram Road, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600119, India
| | - T Balasubramanian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, St. Joseph's College of Engineering, Old Mamallapuram Road, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600119, India
| | - A V Madhusuthan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, St. Joseph's College of Engineering, Old Mamallapuram Road, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600119, India
| | - N Monish
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, St. Joseph's College of Engineering, Old Mamallapuram Road, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600119, India
| | - Nasim Hasan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Mettu University, Mettu, Oromia, Ethiopia.
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Dakkouri M. A Theoretical Investigation of Novel Sila- and Germa-Spirocyclic Imines and Their Relevance for Electron-Transporting Materials and Drug Discovery. Molecules 2023; 28:6298. [PMID: 37687127 PMCID: PMC10489060 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A new class of spirocyclic imines (SCIs) has been theoretically investigated by applying a variety of quantum chemical methods and basis sets. The uniqueness of these compounds is depicted by various peculiarities, e.g., the incidence of planar six-membered rings each with two imine groups (two π bonds) and the incorporation of the isosteres carbon, silicon, or germanium spiro centers. Additional peculiarities of these novel SCIs are mirrored by their three-dimensionality, the simultaneous occurrence of nucleophilic and electrophilic centers, and the cross-hyperconjugative (spiro-conjugation) interactions, which provoke charge mobility along the spirocyclic scaffold. Substitution of SCIs with strong electron-withdrawing substituents, like the cyano group or fluorine, enhances their docking capability and impacts their reactivity and charge mobility. To gain thorough knowledge about the molecular properties of these SCIs, their structures have been optimized and various quantum chemical concepts and models were applied, e.g., full NBO analysis and the frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) theory (HOMO-LUMO energy gap) and the chemical reactivity descriptors derived from them. For the assessment of the charge density distribution along the SCI framework, additional complementary quantum chemical methods were used, e.g., molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) and Bader's QTAIM. Additionally, using the aromaticity index NICS (nuclear independent chemical shift) and other criteria, it could be shown that the investigated cross-hyperconjugated sila and germa SCIs are spiro-aromatics of the Heilbronner Craig-type Möbius aromaticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan Dakkouri
- Department of Electrochemistry, University of Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
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Han J, Liu C, Bradford-Vialva RL, Klosterman DA, Cao L. Additive Manufacturing of Advanced Ceramics Using Preceramic Polymers. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:4636. [PMID: 37444949 DOI: 10.3390/ma16134636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Ceramic materials are used in various industrial applications, as they possess exceptional physical, chemical, thermal, mechanical, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties. Ceramic structural components, especially those with highly complex structures and shapes, are difficult to fabricate with conventional methods, such as sintering and hot isostatic pressing (HIP). The use of preceramic polymers has many advantages, such as excellent processibility, easy shape change, and tailorable composition for fabricating high-performance ceramic components. Additive manufacturing (AM) is an evolving manufacturing technique that can be used to construct complex and intricate structural components. Integrating polymer-derived ceramics and AM techniques has drawn significant attention, as it overcomes the limitations and challenges of conventional fabrication approaches. This review discusses the current research that used AM technologies to fabricate ceramic articles from preceramic feedstock materials, and it demonstrates that AM processes are effective and versatile approaches for fabricating ceramic components. The future of producing ceramics using preceramic feedstock materials for AM processes is also discussed at the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchen Han
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA
| | - Chang Liu
- Technical Center, Nippon Paint Automotive Americas, Inc., Cleveland, OH 44102, USA
| | - Robyn L Bradford-Vialva
- Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL/RXMD), Manufacturing & Industrial Technologies Division, Wright-Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH 45433, USA
| | - Donald A Klosterman
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA
| | - Li Cao
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA
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Zhigarev VA, Nikiforov RY, Lakhtin VG, Shandryuk GA, Belov NA, Gringolts ML. Synthesis, thermal and gas permeation properties of new silicon containing ROMP polytricyclodecadienes. POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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Ma X, Jing Z, Li K, Chen Y, Li D, Ma P, Wang J, Niu J. Copper-Containing Polyoxometalate-Based Metal-Organic Framework as a Catalyst for the Oxidation of Silanes: Effective Cooperative Catalysis by Metal Sites and POM Precursor. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:4056-4061. [PMID: 35179868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The oxidation of silanes into silanols is a very necessary transformation, and yet the rational fabrication of efficient catalysts for this reaction remains a challenging task. Here, a 3D polyoxometalate-based metal-organic framework (POMOF), [CuΙ3(pz)3{PMo12O40}]·H2O (HENU-8, HENU = Henan University; pz = pyrazine) was consciously prepared and first employed in the oxidation of dimethylphenylsilane with tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as an oxidant, achieving 89% yield at a production rate of 132 mmol·g-1·h-1. Control experiments indicated that polyoxometalates and Cu atoms together affected the ultimate outcome in this catalytic system, and the designed catalyst followed a free radical mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Ma
- Henan Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan P.R. China
| | - Zhen Jing
- Henan Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan P.R. China
| | - Kunhong Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan P.R. China
| | - Yian Chen
- Henan Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan P.R. China
| | - Dandan Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan P.R. China
| | - Pengtao Ma
- Henan Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan P.R. China
| | - Jingping Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan P.R. China
| | - Jingyang Niu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan P.R. China
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Smolka W, Ptas M, Panek A, Krok-Borkowicz M, Zambrzycki M, Gubernat M, Markowski J, Fraczek-Szczypta A. Surface Modification of Carbon Nanofibers to Improve Their Biocompatibility in Contact with Osteoblast and Chondrocytes Cell Lines. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:6370. [PMID: 34771898 PMCID: PMC8585247 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study is to investigate the influence of different types of modifiers, such as sodium hyaluronate (NaH), graphene oxide (GO), silica oxycarbide (SiOC) and oxidation process (ox) on physicochemical, morphological, and biological properties of electrospun carbon nanofibers (eCNFs). Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to evaluate the microstructure and chemistry of as-prepared and modified CNFs. The electrical properties of CNFs scaffolds were examined using a four-point probe method to evaluate the influence of modifiers on the volume conductivity and surface resistivity of the obtained samples. The wettability of the surfaces of modified and unmodified CNFs scaffolds was also tested by contact angle measurement. During the in vitro study all samples were put into direct contact with human chondrocyte CHON-001 cells and human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells. Their viability was analysed after 72 h in culture. Moreover, the cell morphology and cell area in contact with CNFs was observed by means of fluorescence microscopy. The obtained results show great potential for the modification of CNFs with polymer, ceramic and carbon modifiers, which do not change the fiber form of the substrate but significantly affect their surface and volume properties. Preliminary biological studies have shown that the type of modification of CNFs affects either the rate of increase in the number of cells or the degree of spreading in relation to the unmodified sample. More hydrophilic and low electrically conductive samples such as CNF_ox and CNF_NaH significantly increase cell proliferation, while other GO and SiOC modified samples have an effect on cell adhesion and thus cell spreading. From the point of view of further research and the possibility of combining the electrical properties of modified CNF scaffolds with electrical stimulation, where these scaffolds would be able to transport electrical signals to cells and thus affect cell adhesion, spreading, and consequently tissue regeneration, samples CNF_GO and CNF_SiOC would be the most desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Smolka
- Laryngology Department, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poniatowskiego 15, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (W.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Monika Ptas
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30 Av., 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (M.P.); (M.K.-B.); (M.Z.); (M.G.)
| | - Agnieszka Panek
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Malgorzata Krok-Borkowicz
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30 Av., 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (M.P.); (M.K.-B.); (M.Z.); (M.G.)
| | - Marcel Zambrzycki
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30 Av., 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (M.P.); (M.K.-B.); (M.Z.); (M.G.)
| | - Maciej Gubernat
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30 Av., 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (M.P.); (M.K.-B.); (M.Z.); (M.G.)
| | - Jaroslaw Markowski
- Laryngology Department, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poniatowskiego 15, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (W.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Aneta Fraczek-Szczypta
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30 Av., 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (M.P.); (M.K.-B.); (M.Z.); (M.G.)
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Dogrul F, Ożóg P, Michálek M, Elsayed H, Galusek D, Liverani L, Boccaccini AR, Bernardo E. Polymer-Derived Biosilicate ®-like Glass-Ceramics: Engineering of Formulations and Additive Manufacturing of Three-Dimensional Scaffolds. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:5170. [PMID: 34576394 DOI: 10.3390/ma14185170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Silicone resins, filled with phosphates and other oxide fillers, yield upon firing in air at 1100 °C, a product resembling Biosilicate® glass-ceramics, one of the most promising systems for tissue engineering applications. The process requires no preliminary synthesis of parent glass, and the polymer route enables the application of direct ink writing (DIW) of silicone-based mixtures, for the manufacturing of reticulated scaffolds at room temperature. The thermal treatment is later applied for the conversion into ceramic scaffolds. The present paper further elucidates the flexibility of the approach. Changes in the reference silicone and firing atmosphere (from air to nitrogen) were studied to obtain functional composite biomaterials featuring a carbon phase embedded in a Biosilicate®-like matrix. The microstructure was further modified either through a controlled gas release at a low temperature, or by the revision of the adopted additive manufacturing technology (from DIW to digital light processing).
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