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Garcia-Hernandez V, Raya-Sandino A, Azcutia V, Miranda J, Kelm M, Flemming S, Birkl D, Quiros M, Brazil JC, Parkos CA, Nusrat A. Inhibition of Soluble Stem Cell Factor Promotes Intestinal Mucosal Repair. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2023; 29:1133-1144. [PMID: 36688460 PMCID: PMC10320368 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izad003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incidences of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are escalating worldwide and can be considered a global public health problem. Given that the gold standard approach to IBD therapeutics focuses on reducing the severity of symptoms, there is an urgent unmet need to develop alternative therapies that halt not only inflammatory processes but also promote mucosal repair. Previous studies have identified increased stem cell factor (SCF) expression in inflamed intestinal mucosal tissues. However, the role that SCF plays in mediating intestinal inflammation and repair has not been explored. METHODS Changes in the expression of SCF were evaluated in the colonic tissue of healthy mice and during dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. Furthermore, mucosal wound healing and colitis severity were analyzed in mice subjected to either mechanical biopsy or DSS treatment, respectively, following intestinal epithelial cell-specific deletion of SCF or anti-SCF antibody administration. RESULTS We report robust expression of SCF by intestinal epithelial cells during intestinal homeostasis with a switch to immune cell-produced SCF during colitis. Data from mice with intestinal epithelial cell-specific deletion of SCF highlight the importance of immune cell-produced SCF in driving the pathogenesis of colitis. Importantly, antibody-mediated neutralization of total SCF or the specific SCF248 isoform decreased immune cell infiltration and enhanced mucosal wound repair following biopsy-induced colonic injury or DSS-induced colitis. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that SCF functions as a pro-inflammatory mediator in mucosal tissues and that specific neutralization of SCF248 could be a viable therapeutic option to reduce intestinal inflammation and promote mucosal wound repair in individuals with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arturo Raya-Sandino
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Veronica Azcutia
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jael Miranda
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Matthias Kelm
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sven Flemming
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dorothee Birkl
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Miguel Quiros
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jennifer C Brazil
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Charles A Parkos
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Asma Nusrat
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Müller EK, Białas N, Epple M, Hilger I. Nanoparticles Carrying NF-κB p65-Specific siRNA Alleviate Colitis in Mice by Attenuating NF-κB-Related Protein Expression and Pro-Inflammatory Cellular Mediator Secretion. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:419. [PMID: 35214151 PMCID: PMC8874689 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is a disease that causes inflammation and ulcers in the colon and which is typically recurrent, and NF-κB proteins are important players during disease progression. Here, we assess the impact of silica-coated calcium phosphate nanoparticles carrying encapsulated siRNA against NF-κB p65 on a murine model of colitis. To this end, nanoparticles were injected intravenously (2.0 mg siRNA/kg body weight) into mice after colitis induction with dextran sulfate sodium or healthy ones. The disease activity index, the histopathological impact on the colon, the protein expression of several NF-κB-associated players, and the mediator secretion (colon tissue, blood) were analyzed. We found that the nanoparticles effectively alleviated the clinical and histopathological features of colitis. They further suppressed the expression of NF-κB proteins (e.g., p65, p50, p52, p100, etc.) in the colon. They finally attenuated the local (colon) or systemic (blood) pro-inflammatory mediator secretion (e.g., TNF-α, IFN-β, MCP-1, interleukins, etc.) as well as the leucocyte load of the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes. The nanoparticle biodistribution in diseased animals was seen to pinpoint organs containing lymphoid entities (appendix, intestine, lung, etc.). Taken together, the nanoparticle-related silencing of p65 NF-κB protein expression could well be used for the treatment of ulcerative colitis in the future.
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Suri K, Bubier JA, Wiles MV, Shultz LD, Amiji MM, Hosur V. Role of MicroRNA in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Clinical Evidence and the Development of Preclinical Animal Models. Cells 2021; 10:2204. [PMID: 34571853 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The dysregulation of microRNA (miRNA) is implicated in cancer, inflammation, cardiovascular disorders, drug resistance, and aging. While most researchers study miRNA's role as a biomarker, for example, to distinguish between various sub-forms or stages of a given disease of interest, research is also ongoing to utilize these small nucleic acids as therapeutics. An example of a common pleiotropic disease that could benefit from miRNA-based therapeutics is inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which is characterized by chronic inflammation of the small and large intestines. Due to complex interactions between multiple factors in the etiology of IBD, development of therapies that effectively maintain remission for this disease is a significant challenge. In this review, we discuss the role of dysregulated miRNA expression in the context of clinical ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD)-the two main forms of IBD-and the various preclinical mouse models of IBD utilized to validate the therapeutic potential of targeting these miRNA. Additionally, we highlight advances in the development of genetically engineered animal models that recapitulate clinical miRNA expression and provide powerful preclinical models to assess the diagnostic and therapeutic promise of miRNA in IBD.
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4
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Li J, Zhou H, Fu X, Zhang M, Sun F, Fan H. Dynamic role of macrophage CX3CR1 expression in inflammatory bowel disease. Immunol Lett 2021; 232:39-44. [PMID: 33582183 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), consisting of ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), is featured by overactive immune response and enduring course of unrestrained colitis. Genetic predisposition and environmental factors are fundamental in disease progression. Notably, microbiota dysregulation and its interaction with host mucosal barrier perplex disease phenotype. Under experimental setting, distinct mouse models are established to mimic human colitis process, including infection induced dysbiosis, dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) etc. induced barrier destruction, anti-CD40 L induced innate immunity dominant colitis and T cell transfer colitis model. Thus, from a more detailed aspect, IBD is heterogeneous and can be further classified into different subtypes based on the specific etiological pathways. As a typical inflammatory disorder, various immune cell types are involved in IBD pathogenesis. Among them, macrophages are believed to play a pivotal role. CX3CR1+ macrophages, deriving from peripheral patrolling CD14+ Ly6Chi monocytes, are specified cell population dwelling in the gut. Accumulating evidence suggests that CX3CR1+ macrophages are critical for mucosal homeostasis and IBD pathogenesis, while some conflicts exist in current studies with both protective and harmful effects being revealed. Herein, we reviewed published literatures and found that the observed discrepancies stem from many aspects: the expression level of CX3CR1, the confounding dendritic cell subsets and most importantly, the different colitis stages and subtypes. Overall, CX3CR1 targeting strategy could be powerful weapon in fighting against colitis, but at the same time, the precise etiological and pathological mechanisms should be cautiously examined concerning the appropriate usage of CX3CR1 targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haifeng Zhou
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoxia Fu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Sun
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Heng Fan
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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5
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Kim S, Lee JY, Shin SG, Kim JK, Silwal P, Kim YJ, Shin NR, Kim PS, Won M, Lee SH, Kim SY, Sasai M, Yamamoto M, Kim JM, Bae JW, Jo EK. ESRRA (estrogen related receptor alpha) is a critical regulator of intestinal homeostasis through activation of autophagic flux via gut microbiota. Autophagy 2020; 17:2856-2875. [PMID: 33172329 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1847460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The orphan nuclear receptor ESRRA (estrogen related receptor alpha) is critical in mitochondrial biogenesis and macroautophagy/autophagy function; however, the roles of ESRRA in intestinal function remain uncharacterized. Herein we identified that ESRRA acts as a key regulator of intestinal homeostasis by amelioration of colonic inflammation through activation of autophagic flux and control of host gut microbiota. Esrra-deficient mice presented with increased susceptibility to dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis with upregulation of intestinal inflammation. In addition, esrra-null mice had depressed AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation (AMPK), lower levels of TFEB (transcription factor EB), and accumulation of SQSTM1/p62 (sequestosome 1) with defective mitochondria in intestinal tissues. Esrra-deficient mice showed distinct gut microbiota composition and significantly higher microbial diversity than wild-type (WT) mice. Cohousing or fecal microbiota transplantation from WT mice to Esrra-deficient mice ameliorated DSS-induced colitis severity. Importantly, patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) had significantly decreased ESRRA expression in intestinal mucosal tissues that correlated with disease activity, suggesting clinical relevance of ESRRA in UC. Taken together, our results show that ESRRA contributes to intestinal homeostasis through autophagy activation and gut microbiota control to protect the host from detrimental inflammation and dysfunctional mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sup Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - June-Young Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seul Gi Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon Korea.,Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jin Kyung Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon Korea.,Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine Daejeon, Korea
| | - Prashanta Silwal
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon Korea.,Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine Daejeon, Korea
| | - Young Jae Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon Korea.,Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine Daejeon, Korea
| | - Na-Ri Shin
- Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, Korea
| | - Pil Soo Kim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minho Won
- Biotechnology Process Engineering Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), Chungcheongbuk-do Korea
| | - Sang-Hee Lee
- Center for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Soo Yeon Kim
- Future Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon Korea
| | - Miwa Sasai
- Department of Immunoparasitology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamamoto
- Department of Immunoparasitology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka Japan
| | - Jin-Man Kim
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine Daejeon, Korea.,Pathology and.,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Bae
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Kyeong Jo
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon Korea.,Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine Daejeon, Korea
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Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is defined by a chronic relapsing and remitting inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, with intestinal fibrosis being a major complication. The etiology of IBD remains unknown, but it is thought to arise from a dysregulated and excessive immune response to gut luminal microbes triggered by genetic and environmental factors. To date, IBD has no cure, and treatments are currently directed at relieving symptoms and treating inflammation. The current diagnostic of IBD relies on endoscopy, which is invasive and does not provide information on the presence of extraluminal complications and molecular aspect of the disease. Cross-sectional imaging modalities such as computed tomography enterography (CTE), magnetic resonance enterography (MRE), positron emission tomography (PET), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and hybrid modalities have demonstrated high accuracy for the diagnosis of IBD and can provide both functional and morphological information when combined with the use of molecular imaging probes. This review presents the state-of-the-art imaging techniques and molecular imaging approaches in the field of IBD and points out future directions that could help improve our understanding of IBD pathological processes, along with the development of efficient treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane Le Fur
- The Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, The Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, MA, USA
| | - Iris Y Zhou
- The Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, The Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, MA, USA
| | - Onofrio Catalano
- The Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, The Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, MA, USA,The Division of Abdominal Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, MA, USA
| | - Peter Caravan
- The Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, The Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, MA, USA,Address correspondence to: Peter Caravan, PhD, The Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, The Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 149 Thirteenth Street, Charlestown 02129, MA, USA. E-mail:
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7
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Xiao M, Shen Z, Luo W, Tan B, Meng X, Wu X, Wu S, Nie K, Tong T, Hong J, Wang X, Wang X. A new colitis therapy strategy via the target colonization of magnetic nanoparticle-internalized Roseburia intestinalis. Biomater Sci 2020; 7:4174-4185. [PMID: 31380882 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm00980a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The homeostasis process in the gut tissue of humans relies on intestinal bacteria. However, the intestine is a complex structural tissue with a huge superficial area, and thus the effective application of probiotics in the treatment of Crohn's disease (CD) is still challenging. Herein, we show the feasibility of probiotic target delivery and retention using magnetic iron oxide nanoparticle-internalized Roseburia intestinalis, which can be easily directed by a magnetic field in vitro and in vivo. Subsequently, the increased colonization of this core profitable flora not only resulted in a better therapy effect than traditional intragastric administration but also altered the bacterial composition, leading to a higher diversity in microbial taxa in rats with colitis. Our findings illustrate the exciting opportunities that nanotechnology offers for alternative strategies to modulate biological systems remotely and precisely, which represent a step towards the wireless magnetic manipulation of living biological entities in microbiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengwei Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China.
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8
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Takemura A, Egawa T, Tanaka T, Kuramoto T, Hayashi T, Ishihara A. Effects of Exposure to Mild Hyperbaric Oxygen on DSS-Induced Colonic Inflammation and Diarrhea in Rats. J Inflamm Res 2019; 12:293-299. [PMID: 31754309 PMCID: PMC6824205 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s220586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose In rodents, dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced diarrhea and colonic inflammation have similar symptoms to those of ulcerative colitis in humans. We examined the effects of exposure to mild hyperbaric oxygen (MHO) at an atmospheric pressure of 1317 hPa with 40% oxygen on DSS-induced diarrhea and colonic inflammation in rats. Methods Five-week-old male Kyoto Apc Delta (KAD) rats (n = 12) were administered 2% DSS through drinking water for 1 week. Subsequently, DSS-treated male rats were not subjected to any further treatment (n = 6) or exposed to MHO (n = 6) for 2 weeks. Age-matched KAD rats not subjected to DSS treatment or exposed to MHO were used as the control group (n = 6). Results Control rats did not exhibit diarrhea and colonic inflammation. However, DSS-treated rats exhibited diarrhea and colonic inflammation, regardless of exposure to MHO. Exposure to MHO for 2 weeks led to decreased incidence of diarrhea in DSS-treated rats (p < 0.05). Exposure to MHO had no effect on colonic inflammation in DSS-treated rats (p = 0.12). Conclusion Exposure to MHO for 2 weeks can improve diarrhea but cannot attenuate colonic inflammation, possibly due to the short exposure duration (2 weeks) used in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Takemura
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Life Science, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Egawa
- Laboratory of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takuji Tanaka
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Gifu Municipal Hospital, Gifu 500-8513, Japan
| | - Takashi Kuramoto
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi 243-0034, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Hayashi
- Laboratory of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Akihiko Ishihara
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Life Science, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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9
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Walia D, Kaur G, Jaggi AS, Bali A. Exploring the therapeutic potential of sodium benzoate in acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 30:jbcpp-2019-0086. [PMID: 31469656 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2019-0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Ulcerative colitis is a chronic mucosal inflammation of the large intestine mainly affecting the colon and rectum. The lack of effective and safe therapeutic agents led to the identification of new therapeutic agents to effectively manage the symptoms and complications of ulcerative colitis. The present study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of sodium benzoate in acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats. Methods Infusion of 3% acetic acid in the colon through the rectum was done to construct a rat model of ulcerative colitis. After 5 days of infusion, macroscopic, biochemical, and histopathological examinations and disease activity scoring of the colon were done to assess colonic damage. Results Acetic acid infusion resulted in severe inflammation in the colon assessed macroscopically and histopathologically. Moreover, it also led to increase in myeloperoxidase (MPO) and reduction in glutathione (GSH) levels. In the present study, repeated administration of sodium benzoate (400 and 800 mg/kg i.p.) and sulfasalazine (500 mg/kg orally) for 7 days, i.e. 2 days before and continued for 5 days after acetic acid infusion, significantly attenuated macroscopic damage and disease activity score as compared to disease control. Further, it also significantly reduced the levels of MPO and enhanced colonic levels of reduced GSH. However, the lower dose of sodium benzoate (200 mg/kg) did not show sufficient protective effect in acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis. Further, sodium benzoate per se did not show any effect in normal rats. Conclusions The observed protective effect of sodium benzoate may be due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in an ulcerative colitis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepali Walia
- Department of Pharmacology, Akal College of Pharmacy and Technical Education, Mastuana Sahib, Sangrur, India
| | - Gurpreet Kaur
- Department of pharmacognosy, Akal College of Pharmacy and Technical Education, Mastuana Sahib, Sangrur, India
| | - Amteshwar Singh Jaggi
- Department of Pharmaceutical sciences and Drug research, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
| | - Anjana Bali
- Department of Pharmacology, Akal College of Pharmacy and Technical Education, Mastuana Sahib, Sangrur, 148001, India, Phone: +9888780355
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10
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Yang FC, Chiu PY, Chen Y, Mak TW, Chen NJ. TREM-1-dependent M1 macrophage polarization restores intestinal epithelium damaged by DSS-induced colitis by activating IL-22-producing innate lymphoid cells. J Biomed Sci 2019; 26:46. [PMID: 31189465 PMCID: PMC6560756 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-019-0539-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) is highly expressed on macrophages in inflamed intestines and reportedly promotes inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by augmenting pro-inflammatory responses. To study the mechanism mediated by TREM-1 on macrophages, we generated an independent TREM-1 deficient mouse. METHODS Acute colitis was induced in C57BL/6 and TREM-1-deficient mice by the administration of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Colonic lamina propria immune cell composition and cytokines were analyzed. An innate lymphoid cell (ILC) co-culture experiment with macrophages was used to analyze IL-22 levels. Exogenous IL-22 and TREM-1-expressing macrophages were supplied to TREM-1-deficient mice for examining their effects on intestinal barrier integrity. RESULTS In inflamed colons, TREM-1 loss compromised the activation of ILC3 and their production of IL-22, which is required for intestinal barrier integrity. ILC3-mediated IL-22 production depends on IL-1β secreted by M1-polarized macrophages, and we found that TREM-1 deficiency results in a decreased number of IL-1β producing-M1 macrophages in colons exposed to DSS. Accordingly, DSS-mediated damage was ameliorated by supplying exogenous IL-22 and TREM-1-expressing macrophages to TREM-1-deficient mice. CONCLUSIONS TREM-1 plays a crucial role in regulating IL-22 production by ILC3 through modulating M1-macrophage polarization during DSS-induced acute colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Chen Yang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, No.155, Sec.2, Linong Street, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yuan Chiu
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, No.155, Sec.2, Linong Street, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Tak W. Mak
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C1 Canada
| | - Nien-Jung Chen
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, No.155, Sec.2, Linong Street, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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11
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Liu Z, Cominelli F, Di Martino L, Liu R, Devireddy N, Devireddy LR, Wald DN. Lipocalin 24p3 Induction in Colitis Adversely Affects Inflammation and Contributes to Mortality. Front Immunol 2019; 10:812. [PMID: 31057545 PMCID: PMC6478753 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognition of microorganism associated molecular patterns by epithelial cells elicits signaling cascades resulting in the production of host defense proteins. Lipocalin 24p3 is purported to be one such protein. 24p3 binds prokaryotic and eukaryotic siderophores and by sequestering iron laden bacterial siderophores it was believed to restrict bacterial replication. As such mice deficient for 24p3 are susceptible to systemic infections. However, it is not clear whether deficiency of 24p3 on the gut mucosa contributes to inflammation. In line with 24p3's function as a bacteriostat, it would be reasonable to assume that deficiencies in the control of intestinal flora from 24p3 absence play a role in inflammatory intestinal diseases. Surprisingly, we show 24p3 is a contributor of inflammation and 24p3 deficiency protects mice from dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. 24p3 was found to be a negative regulator of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), which helps maintain the integrity of the gut mucosa. Neutralization of PDGF-BB abrogated resistance of 24p3 null mice to DSS confirming the direct link between 24p3 and PDGF-BB. Finally, iron handling in wild-type and 24p3-null mice upon DSS treatment also differed. In summary, differential iron levels and enhanced expression of PDGF-BB in 24p3 null mice confers resistance to DSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoming Liu
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Fabio Cominelli
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Luca Di Martino
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Ruifu Liu
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | | | - Lax R Devireddy
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - David N Wald
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
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12
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Lucena AMM, Souza CRM, Jales JT, Guedes PMM, de Miranda GEC, de Moura AMA, Araújo-Júnior JX, Nascimento GJ, Scortecci KC, Santos BVO, Souto JT. The Bisindole Alkaloid Caulerpin, from Seaweeds of the Genus Caulerpa, Attenuated Colon Damage in Murine Colitis Model. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E318. [PMID: 30205459 DOI: 10.3390/md16090318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Caulerpin (CLP), an alkaloid from algae of the genus Caulerpa, has shown anti-inflammatory activity. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the effect of CLP in the murine model of peritonitis and ulcerative colitis. Firstly, the mice were submitted to peritonitis to evaluate which dose of CLP (40, 4, or 0.4 mg/kg) could decrease the inflammatory infiltration in the peritoneum. The most effective doses were 40 and 4 mg/kg. Then, C57BL/6 mice were submitted to colitis development with 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and treated with CLP at doses of 40 and 4 mg/kg. The disease development was analyzed through the disease activity index (DAI); furthermore, colonic tissue samples were submitted to histological analysis, NFκB determination, and in vitro culture for cytokines assay. Therefore, CLP at 4 mg/kg presented the best results, triggering improvement of DAI and attenuating the colon shortening and damage. This dose was able to reduce the TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-17, and NFκB p65 levels, and increased the levels of IL-10 in the colon tissue. Thus, CLP mice treatment at a dose of 4 mg/kg showed promising results in ameliorating the damage observed in the ulcerative colitis.
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Impellizzeri D, Siracusa R, Cordaro M, Peritore AF, Gugliandolo E, Mancuso G, Midiri A, Di Paola R, Cuzzocrea S. Therapeutic potential of dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS)-induced colitis in mice by targeting IL-1β and IL-18. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 155:150-161. [PMID: 29963998 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-18 belong to the IL-1 family of ligands, and their receptors are members of the IL-1 receptor family. Both cytokines drive an extensive range of pro-inflammatory networks in many cell types using common signal transduction cascades. Anyway, differences in signaling pathways exist. With this aim in mind, we investigated by using transgenic mice the mechanisms through the simultaneous deficiency of both IL-1β and IL-18 could be more protective compared to blocking the single cytokine IL-1β or IL-18 during colitis. Colitis was provoked in mice by instillation of dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS) in the colon. The results indicated that single knockout (KO) mice of IL-1β or IL-18, and double KO mice of both IL-1β and IL-18 were hyporesponsive to DNBS-induced colitis compared to wild type (WT) mice, in which double KO were less sensitive than single KO mice. Moreover, treatment with Anakinra (IL-1R antagonist) also ameliorated colitis, in views of macroscopic and histological alteration, infiltration of neutrophils or Th1 cells, oxidative and nitrosative stress. Anakinra more significantly reduced cyclooxygenase (COX-2) and nuclear factor (NF-κB) levels as well as IKB-α degradation compared to blocking IL-18. On the contrary, the absence of IL-18 reduced p-ERK and p-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) in a more significant way compared to blocking IL-1β. Thus, the double KO increased the protective effects against colon inflammation maybe because different converging inflammatory pathways are being inhibited. In conclusion, the blocking of both IL-1β and IL-18 function may be advantageous in the treatment of IBD or inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Marika Cordaro
- Department of Chemical Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Alessio Filippo Peritore
- Department of Chemical Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Enrico Gugliandolo
- Department of Chemical Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mancuso
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Angelina Midiri
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Chemical Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester Royal Infirmary, School of Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
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Feng S, Dai Z, Liu A, Wang H, Chen J, Luo Z, Yang CS. β-Sitosterol and stigmasterol ameliorate dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice fed a high fat Western-style diet. Food Funct 2018; 8:4179-4186. [PMID: 29034917 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00375g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Phytosterols, the plant analogues of cholesterol, widely occur in the human diet. In this study, we investigated and compared the effects of stigmasterol and β-sitosterol (both with purities ≥95%) on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in C57BL/6J male mice fed a high fat Western-style diet. Mice treated with DSS developed severe mucosal colitis, with a marked distortion and crypt loss of colonic surface epithelium. Both β-sitosterol and stigmasterol significantly inhibited colon shortening, lowered fecal hemoglobin content, and reduced the severity of colitis in the middle and distal colon (p < 0.05). These phytosterols also significantly suppressed the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B. They also significantly decreased colony stimulating factor-1 and the nuclear translocation of inflammatory master regulator nuclear factor-kappa B. Stigmasterol significantly lowered the colonic inflammation score and the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and colony stimulating factor-1, while β-sitosterol was less or not effective. These results suggest that dietary intake of stigmasterol and β-sitosterol ameliorates colitis. Such activities of stigmasterol and β-sitosterol in humans remain to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Feng
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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15
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Li H, Liang Y, Lai X, Wang W, Zhang J, Chen S. Genetic Deletion of Fbw7 in the mouse intestinal epithelium aggravated dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis by modulating the inflammatory response of NF-κB pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 498:869-876. [PMID: 29550488 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.03.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Fbw7 is a type of E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets various proteins for degradation and has been found to have a high expression level in progenitor cells. Deletion of Fbw7 in the intestine results in the accumulation of progenitor cells. Moreover, Fbw7 loss increases the susceptibility of colorectal cancer. However, the involvement of Fbw7 in the progress and development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is still controversial. To identify the function of Fbw7 on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colonic inflammation, we generated Fbw7ΔG mice, lacking Fbw7 specifically in intestinal epithelium. Colitis was induced in male Fbw7 ΔG and wild-type (WT) mice (both age and body weight matched) by treating with 3% DSS in drinking water. We demonstrate that deletion of Fbw7 in the mouse intestinal epithelium aggravates DSS-induced colitis, showing inflammatory response and reduced survival rate. Furthermore, we found that Fbw7 loss caused activation of NF-κB signaling. Thus, FBW7 plays a protective role in acute intestinal inflammation by modulating the inflammatory response of NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huichen Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ye Liang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lai
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jiang Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Suning Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
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Kalra J, Lingaraju MC, Mathesh K, Kumar D, Parida S, Singh TU, Sharma AK, Kumar D, Tandan SK. Betulinic acid alleviates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis and visceral pain in mice. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2018; 391:285-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-017-1455-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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17
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Herrera Estrada L, Wu H, Ling K, Zhang G, Sumagin R, Parkos CA, Jones RM, Champion JA, Neish AS. Bioengineering Bacterially Derived Immunomodulants: A Therapeutic Approach to Inflammatory Bowel Disease. ACS Nano 2017; 11:9650-9662. [PMID: 28872828 PMCID: PMC7653663 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b03239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial enteric pathogens have evolved efficient mechanisms to suppress mammalian inflammatory and immunoregulatory pathways. By exploiting the evolutionary relationship between the gut and pathogenic bacteria, we have developed a potential mucosal therapeutic. Our findings suggest that engineered preparations of the Salmonella acetyltransferase, AvrA, suppress acute inflammatory responses such as those observed in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We created 125 nm diameter cross-linked protein nanoparticles directly from AvrA and carrier protein to deliver AvrA in the absence of Salmonella. AvrA nanoparticles are internalized in vitro and in vivo into barrier epithelial and lamina propria monocytic cells. AvrA nanoparticles inhibit inflammatory signaling and confer cytoprotection in vitro, and in murine colitis models, we observe decreased clinical and histological indices of inflammation. Thus, we have combined naturally evolved immunomodulatory proteins with modern bioengineering to produce AvrA nanoparticles, a potential treatment for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Herrera Estrada
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 950 Atlantic Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Huixia Wu
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Whitehead Bldg., 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Kevin Ling
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 950 Atlantic Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Guikai Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Whitehead Bldg., 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Ronen Sumagin
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Whitehead Bldg., 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Charles A. Parkos
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Whitehead Bldg., 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Rheinallt M. Jones
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Whitehead Bldg., 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Julie A. Champion
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 950 Atlantic Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Corresponding Authors: Phone: 404-894-2874. . Phone: 404-727-8545.
| | - Andrew S. Neish
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Whitehead Bldg., 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Corresponding Authors: Phone: 404-894-2874. . Phone: 404-727-8545.
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Tabuchi R, Anraku M, Iohara D, Ishiguro T, Ifuku S, Nagae T, Uekama K, Okazaki S, Takeshita K, Otagiri M, Hirayama F. Surface-deacetylated chitin nanofibers reinforced with a sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin gel loaded with prednisolone as potential therapy for inflammatory bowel disease. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 174:1087-1094. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Seo H, Oh J, Hahn D, Kwon CS, Lee JS, Kim JS. Protective Effect of Glyceollins in a Mouse Model of Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis. J Med Food 2017; 20:1055-1062. [PMID: 28956670 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.3960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glyceollins, which are derived from daidzein in soybean in response to various stimuli or stresses, have been reported to activate antioxidant/detoxifying enzymes in a nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2)-dependent manner, in addition to exerting anti-inflammatory effects in murine macrophages. As the Nrf2 signaling pathway is known to antagonize nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling, glyceollins likely have the potential to prevent or treat inflammatory bowel disease. Thus, this study was conducted to examine whether glyceollins could inhibit dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in a mouse model. Ulcerative colitis (UC) was induced in male BALB/c mice by administering drinking water with 4% DSS for 5 days. Glyceollins (4 or 10 mg/kg of body weight) were orally administered 48 h before and after DSS treatment. We found that glyceollins alleviated histological colon damage and inflammation induced by DSS treatment. More specifically, glyceollins reduced plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6, which were otherwise markedly increased by DSS treatment. Markers of tissue damage, including malondialdehyde and 8-hydroxy-2-guanosine, were significantly increased by DSS treatment; however, this effect was mitigated through concomitant treatment with glyceollins. Furthermore, nuclear accumulation of NF-κB p65 and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase were upregulated by glyceollins, consistent with the observed modulation of inflammatory markers. In conclusion, glyceollins have therapeutic potential for UC and merit further clinical study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyelin Seo
- 1 School of Food Science and Biotechnology (BK21 Plus), Kyungpook National University , Daegu, Korea
| | - Jisun Oh
- 1 School of Food Science and Biotechnology (BK21 Plus), Kyungpook National University , Daegu, Korea
| | - Dongyup Hahn
- 1 School of Food Science and Biotechnology (BK21 Plus), Kyungpook National University , Daegu, Korea.,2 Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University , Daegu, Korea
| | - Chong-Suk Kwon
- 3 Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University , Andong, Korea
| | - Jeong Soon Lee
- 4 Forest Resources Development Institute , Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea
| | - Jong-Sang Kim
- 1 School of Food Science and Biotechnology (BK21 Plus), Kyungpook National University , Daegu, Korea.,2 Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University , Daegu, Korea
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20
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Ginzel M, Feng X, Kuebler JF, Klemann C, Yu Y, von Wasielewski R, Park JK, Hornef MW, Vieten G, Ure BM, Kaussen T, Gosemann JH, Mayer S, Suttkus A, Lacher M. Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) induces necrotizing enterocolitis-like lesions in neonatal mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182732. [PMID: 28817583 PMCID: PMC5560643 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an inflammatory bowel disease of preterm human newborns with yet unresolved etiology. An established neonatal murine model for NEC employs oral administration of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) combined with hypoxia/hypothermia. In adult mice, feeding dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) represents a well-established model for experimental inflammatory bowel disease. Here we investigated the effect of DSS administration on the neonatal murine intestine in comparison with the established NEC model. Methods 3-day-old C57BL/6J mice were either fed formula containing DSS or LPS. LPS treated animals were additionally stressed by hypoxia/hypothermia twice daily. After 72 h, mice were euthanized, their intestinal tissue harvested and analyzed by histology, qRT-PCR and flow cytometry. For comparison, adult C57BL/6J mice were fed with DSS for 8 days and examined likewise. Untreated, age matched animals served as controls. Results Adult mice treated with DSS exhibited colonic inflammation with significantly increased Cxcl2 mRNA expression. In contrast, tissue inflammation in neonatal mice treated with DSS or LPS plus hypoxia/hypothermia was present in colon and small intestine as well. Comparative analysis of neonatal mice revealed a significantly increased lesion size and intestinal Cxcl2 mRNA expression after DSS exposure. Whereas LPS administration mainly induced local neutrophil recruitment, DSS treated animals displayed increased monocytes/macrophages infiltration. Conclusions Our study demonstrates the potential of DSS to induce NEC-like lesions accompanied by a significant humoral and cellular immune response in the small and large intestine of neonatal mice. The new model therefore represents a good alternative to LPS plus hypoxia/hypothermia administration requiring no additional physical stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ginzel
- Center of Pediatric Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Xiaoyan Feng
- Center of Pediatric Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Christian Klemann
- Center of Pediatric Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Yi Yu
- Center of Pediatric Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Joon-Keun Park
- Center of Pediatric Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Gertrud Vieten
- Center of Pediatric Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Benno M. Ure
- Center of Pediatric Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Torsten Kaussen
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Steffi Mayer
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anne Suttkus
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Lacher
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- * E-mail:
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D’Souza WN, Douangpanya J, Mu S, Jaeckel P, Zhang M, Maxwell JR, Rottman JB, Labitzke K, Willee A, Beckmann H, Wang Y, Li Y, Schwandner R, Johnston JA, Towne JE, Hsu H. Differing roles for short chain fatty acids and GPR43 agonism in the regulation of intestinal barrier function and immune responses. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180190. [PMID: 28727837 PMCID: PMC5519041 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with a loss of intestinal barrier function and dysregulated immune responses. It has been shown that short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are protective in IBD and that GPR43 mediates the protective effects of SCFAs. In this study, we investigated the effects of SCFAs in comparison to highly specific GPR43 agonists on human intestinal epithelial and immune cells. Our results confirm that SCFAs are enhancers of barrier function in intestinal epithelial cells. Additionally, SCFAs also displayed potent immunoregulatory properties based upon the ability to inhibit LPS-induced cytokine production in PBMC, and human T cell proliferation and cytokine production. Unexpectedly, and in contrast to the current belief, specific GPR43 agonists failed to exhibit similar barrier enhancing and anti-inflammatory properties. These findings demonstrate that SCFA possess broad protective functions in IBD and agonizing GPR43 alone is unlikely to be beneficial in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sharon Mu
- Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, United States of America
| | | | - Ming Zhang
- Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, United States of America
| | | | | | | | - Angela Willee
- Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, United States of America
| | | | - Yingcai Wang
- Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Yang Li
- Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | | | | | | | - Hailing Hsu
- Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, United States of America
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22
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Cha H, Lee S, Hwan Kim S, Kim H, Lee DS, Lee HS, Lee JH, Park JW. Increased susceptibility of IDH2-deficient mice to dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. Redox Biol 2017; 13:32-38. [PMID: 28554049 PMCID: PMC5447514 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic, relapsing, immunological, inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). It has been reported that UC, which is studied using a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis model, is associated with the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the apoptosis of intestine epithelial cells (IEC). Mitochondrial NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH2) has been reported as an essential enzyme in the mitochondrial antioxidant system via generation of NADPH. Therefore, we evaluated the role of IDH2 in DSS-induced colitis using IDH2-deficient (IDH2-/-) mice. We observed that DSS-induced colitis in IDH2-/- mice was more severe than that in wild-type IDH2+/+ mice. Our results also suggest that IDH2 deficiency exacerbates PUMA-mediated apoptosis, resulting from NF-κB activation regulated by histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity. In addition, DSS-induced colitis is ameliorated by an antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) through attenuation of oxidative stress, resulting from deficiency of the IDH2 gene. In conclusion, deficiency of IDH2 leads to increased mitochondrial ROS levels, which inhibits HDAC activity, and the activation of NF-κB via acetylation is enhanced by attenuated HDAC activity, which causes PUMA-mediated apoptosis of IEC in DSS-induced colitis. The present study supported the rationale for targeting IDH2 as an important cancer chemoprevention strategy, particularly in the prevention of colorectal cancer. DSS-induced colitis model is associated with the production of ROS. IDH2 is an essential enzyme in the mitochondrial antioxidant system. IDH2-deficient mice have an increased susceptibility to DSS-induced colitis. IDH2 deficiency exacerbates apoptosis through the PUMA/NF-κB/HDAC axis. Protection of NAC against DSS-induced colitis IDH2-deficient mice was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanvit Cha
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoyoon Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hwan Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjin Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Seok Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Shik Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hyup Lee
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeen-Woo Park
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Praengam K, Sahasakul Y, Kupradinun P, Sakarin S, Sanitchua W, Rungsipipat A, Rattanapinyopituk K, Angkasekwinai P, Changsri K, Mhuantong W, Tangphatsornruang S, Tuntipopipat S. Brown rice and retrograded brown rice alleviate inflammatory response in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice. Food Funct 2017; 8:4630-4643. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00305f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the impact of brown rice and retrograded brown rice consumption on colonic health in dextran sulfate sodium induced colitis mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemika Praengam
- Institute of Nutrition
- Mahidol University
- Nakhonpathom
- Thailand
| | | | | | | | | | - Anudep Rungsipipat
- Department of Pathology
- Faculty of Veterinary Science
- Chulalongkorn University
- Bangkok
- Thailand
| | | | - Pornpimon Angkasekwinai
- Department of Medical technology
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences
- Thammasat University
- Pathum Thani
- Thailand
| | - Khaimuk Changsri
- Department of Medical technology
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences
- Thammasat University
- Pathum Thani
- Thailand
| | - Wuttichai Mhuantong
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology
- Pathum Thani
- Thailand
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Kaaru E, Bianchi A, Wunder A, Rasche V, Stiller D. Molecular Imaging in Preclinical Models of IBD with Nuclear Imaging Techniques: State-of-the-Art and Perspectives. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2016; 22:2491-8. [PMID: 27580387 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000000904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, is characterized by chronic unregulated inflammation of the intestinal mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract. To date, this pathology has no cure. Colonoscopy and biopsies are the current gold standard diagnostic tools. However, being a chronic disease, IBD requires continuous follow-up to check for disease progress, treatment response, and remission. Unfortunately, these 2 diagnostic procedures are invasive and generally unable to show the cellular and molecular changes that take place in vivo. In this context, it is clear that there is a strong need for optimized noninvasive imaging techniques able to overcome the aforementioned limitations. This review aims to bring to light the scientific advancements that have been achieved so far in nuclear medicine in relation to tracking of immune cells involved in the preclinical models of IBD. In particular, this review will explore the advantages and limitations of the radiopharmaceuticals that aim to track whole cells like neutrophils, those that involve the radiolabeling of immune cell substrates or available human IBD medical therapies, and those that aim to track cell signaling molecules (e.g., cytokines and cell adhesion molecules). After a detailed critical summary of the state-of-the art, the challenges and perspectives of molecular imaging applied to IBD studies will be analyzed. Special attention will be paid to the translational potential of the described techniques and on the potential impact of these innovative approaches on the drug discovery pipelines and their contribution to the evolution of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Kaaru
- *Target Discovery Research Department, In-Vivo Imaging Laboratory, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH and Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany; †Translational Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH and Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany; ‡Core Facility Small Animal Imaging, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany; and §Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Choi S, Woo JK, Jang YS, Kang JH, Jang JE, Yi TH, Park SY, Kim SY, Yoon YS, Oh SH. Fermented Pueraria Lobata extract ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines and recovering intestinal barrier function. Lab Anim Res. 2016;32:151-159. [PMID: 27729931 PMCID: PMC5057003 DOI: 10.5625/lar.2016.32.3.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic inflammatory disorder occurring in the gastrointestinal track. However, the efficacy of current therapeutic strategies has been limited and accompanied by side effects. In order to eliminate the limitations, herbal medicines have recently been developed for treatment of IBD. Peuraria Lobata (Peuraria L.) is one of the traditional herbal medicines that have anti-inflammatory effects. Bioavailability of Peuraria L., which is rich in isoflavones, is lower than that of their fermented forms. In this study, we generated fermented Peuraria L. extracts (fPue) and investigated the role of fPue in inflammation and intestinal barrier function in vitro and in vivo. As the mice or intestinal epithelial cells were treated with DSS/fPue, mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines was reduced and the architecture and expression of tight junction proteins were recovered, compared to the DSS-treated group. In summary, fPue treatment resulted in amelioration of DSS-induced inflammation in the colon, and the disrupted intestinal barrier was recovered as the expression and architecture of tight junction proteins were retrieved. These results suggest that use of fPue could be a new therapeutic strategy for treatment of IBD.
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Rossini V, Radulovic K, Riedel CU, Niess JH. Development of an Antigen-driven Colitis Model to Study Presentation of Antigens by Antigen Presenting Cells to T Cells. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27684040 DOI: 10.3791/54421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammation which affects the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). One of the best ways to study the immunological mechanisms involved during the disease is the T cell transfer model of colitis. In this model, immunodeficient mice (RAG(-/-) recipients) are reconstituted with naive CD4(+) T cells from healthy wild type hosts. This model allows examination of the earliest immunological events leading to disease and chronic inflammation, when the gut inflammation perpetuates but does not depend on a defined antigen. To study the potential role of antigen presenting cells (APCs) in the disease process, it is helpful to have an antigen-driven disease model, in which a defined commensal-derived antigen leads to colitis. An antigen driven-colitis model has hence been developed. In this model OT-II CD4(+) T cells, that can recognize only specific epitopes in the OVA protein, are transferred into RAG(-/-) hosts challenged with CFP-OVA-expressing E. coli. This model allows the examination of interactions between APCs and T cells in the lamina propria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jan Hendrik Niess
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Basel;
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Seong MA, Woo JK, Kang JH, Jang YS, Choi S, Jang YS, Lee TH, Jung KH, Kang DK, Hurh BS, Kim DE, Kim SY, Oh SH. Oral administration of fermented wild ginseng ameliorates DSS-induced acute colitis by inhibiting NF-κB signaling and protects intestinal epithelial barrier. BMB Rep 2016; 48:419-25. [PMID: 25936779 PMCID: PMC4577293 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2015.48.7.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginseng has been widely used for therapeutic and preventive purposes for thousands of years. However, orally administered ginseng has very low bioavailability and absorption in the intestine. Therefore, fermented ginseng was developed to enhance the beneficial effects of ginseng in the intestine. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory activity of fermented wild ginseng (FWG). We found that FWG significantly alleviated the severity of colitis in a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model, and decreased expression level of pro-inflammatory cytokines in colonic tissue. Moreover, we observed that FWG suppressed the infiltration of macrophages in DSS-induced colitis. FWG also attenuated the transcriptional activity of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) by reducing the translocation of NF-κB into the nucleus. Our data indicate that FWG contains anti-inflammatory activity via NF-κB inactivation and could be useful for treating colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeong A Seong
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Korea
| | - Jong Kyu Woo
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Kang
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 410-769, Korea
| | - Yeong Su Jang
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Korea
| | - Seungho Choi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Young Saeng Jang
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Korea
| | - Taek Hwan Lee
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Korea
| | | | | | | | - Dae Eung Kim
- Sempio Fermentation Research center, Osong 363-954, Korea
| | - Sun Yeou Kim
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Oh
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Korea
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Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously reported that the ClC-2 chloride channel has an important role in regulation of tight junction barrier function during experimental colitis, and the pharmaceutical ClC-2 activator lubiprostone initiates intestinal barrier repair in ischemic-injured intestine. Thus, we hypothesized that pharmaceutical ClC-2 activation would have a protective and therapeutic effect in murine models of colitis, which would be absent in ClC-2 mice. METHODS We administered lubiprostone to wild-type or ClC-2 mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) or 2, 4, 5-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis. We determined the severity of colitis and assessed intestinal permeability. Selected tight junction proteins were analyzed by Western blotting and immunofluorescence/confocal microscopy, whereas proliferative and differentiated cells were examined with special staining and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Oral preventive or therapeutic administration of lubiprostone significantly reduced the severity of colitis and reduced intestinal permeability in both DSS and trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis. Preventive treatment with lubiprostone induced significant recovery of the expression and distribution of selected sealing tight junction proteins in mice with DSS-induced colitis. In addition, lubiprostone reduced crypt proliferation and increased the number of differentiated epithelial cells. Alternatively, when lubiprostone was administered to ClC-2 mice, the protective effect against DSS colitis was limited. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests a central role for ClC-2 in restoration of barrier function and tight junction architecture in experimental murine colitis, which can be therapeutically targeted with lubiprostone.
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Abstract
The microbiota of the human gut is gaining broad attention owing to its association with a wide range of diseases, ranging from metabolic disorders (e.g. obesity and type 2 diabetes) to autoimmune diseases (such as inflammatory bowel disease and type 1 diabetes), cancer and even neurodevelopmental disorders (e.g. autism). Having been increasingly used in biomedical research, mice have become the model of choice for most studies in this emerging field. Mouse models allow perturbations in gut microbiota to be studied in a controlled experimental setup, and thus help in assessing causality of the complex host-microbiota interactions and in developing mechanistic hypotheses. However, pitfalls should be considered when translating gut microbiome research results from mouse models to humans. In this Special Article, we discuss the intrinsic similarities and differences that exist between the two systems, and compare the human and murine core gut microbiota based on a meta-analysis of currently available datasets. Finally, we discuss the external factors that influence the capability of mouse models to recapitulate the gut microbiota shifts associated with human diseases, and investigate which alternative model systems exist for gut microbiota research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Loan Anh Nguyen
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. VIB, Center for the Biology of Disease, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. Microbiology Unit, Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sara Vieira-Silva
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. VIB, Center for the Biology of Disease, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. Microbiology Unit, Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Adrian Liston
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. VIB, Center for the Biology of Disease, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Raes
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. VIB, Center for the Biology of Disease, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. Microbiology Unit, Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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Owaga E, Hsieh RH, Mugendi B, Masuku S, Shih CK, Chang JS. Th17 Cells as Potential Probiotic Therapeutic Targets in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Int J Mol Sci. 2015;16:20841-20858. [PMID: 26340622 PMCID: PMC4613231 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160920841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are characterized by wasting and chronic intestinal inflammation triggered by various cytokine-mediated pathways. In recent years, it was shown that T helper 17 (Th17) cells are involved in the pathogenesis of IBD, which makes them an attractive therapeutic target. Th17 cells preferentially produce interleukin (IL)-17A–F as signature cytokines. The role of the interplay between host genetics and intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of IBD was demonstrated. Probiotics are live microorganisms that when orally ingested in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit to the host by modulating the enteric flora or by stimulating the local immune system. Several studies indicated the effectiveness of probiotics in preventing and treating IBD (ulcerative colitis, and Crohn’s disease). Furthermore, there is mounting evidence of probiotics selectively targeting the Th17 lineage in the prevention and management of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases such as IBD. This review highlights critical roles of Th17 cells in the pathogenesis of IBD and the rationale for using probiotics as a novel therapeutic approach for IBD through manipulation of Th17 cells. The potential molecular mechanisms by which probiotics modulate Th17 cells differentiation and production are also discussed.
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Saijo H, Tatsumi N, Arihiro S, Kato T, Okabe M, Tajiri H, Hashimoto H. Microangiopathy triggers, and inducible nitric oxide synthase exacerbates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. J Transl Med 2015; 95:728-48. [PMID: 25938626 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2015.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a representative clinical manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease that causes chronic gastrointestinal tract inflammation. Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice have been used to investigate UC pathogenesis, and in this UC model, disturbance and impairment of the mucosal epithelium have been reported to cause colitis. However, how DSS sporadically breaks down the epithelium remains unclear. In this study, we focused on the colonic microcirculation and myenteric neurons of DSS-induced colitis. Moreover, we examined the potential of myenteric neurons as a target to prevent exacerbation of colitis. Fluorescent angiographic and histopathological studies revealed that DSS administration elicited blood vessel disruption before epithelial disorders appeared. Ischemic conditions in the lamina propria induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in myenteric neurons as colitis aggravated. When neuronal activity was inhibited with butylscopolamine, neuronal iNOS expression decreased, and the exacerbation of colitis was prevented. These results suggested that DSS-induced colitis was triggered by microcirculatory disturbance in the mucosa, and that excessive neuronal excitation aggravated colitis. During remission periods of human UC, endoscopic inspection of the colonic microcirculation may enable the early detection of disease recurrence, and inhibition of neuronal iNOS expression may prevent the disease from worsening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Saijo
- 1] Department of Anatomy, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan [2] Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norifumi Tatsumi
- Department of Anatomy, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiji Arihiro
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kato
- Department of Endoscopy, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masataka Okabe
- Department of Anatomy, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisao Tajiri
- 1] Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan [2] Department of Endoscopy, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisashi Hashimoto
- Department of Anatomy, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Rogers R, Eastham-Anderson J, DeVoss J, Lesch J, Yan D, Xu M, Solon M, Hotzel K, Diehl L, Webster JD. Image Analysis-Based Approaches for Scoring Mouse Models of Colitis. Vet Pathol 2015; 53:200-10. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985815579998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mouse models of inflammatory bowel disease are critical for basic and translational research that is advancing the understanding and treatment of this disease. Assessment of these mouse models frequently relies on histologic endpoints. In recent years, whole slide imaging and digital pathology-based image analysis platforms have become increasingly available for implementation into the pathology workflow. These automated image analysis approaches allow for nonbiased quantitative assessment of histologic endpoints. In this study, the authors sought to develop an image analysis workflow using a commercially available image analysis platform that requires minimal training in image analysis or programming, and this workflow was used to score 2 mouse models of colitis that are primarily characterized by immune cell infiltrates in the lamina propria. Although the software was unable to accurately and consistently segment hematoxylin and eosin–stained sections, automated quantification of CD3 immunolabeling resulted in strong correlations with the pathologist’s score in all studies and allowed for the identification of 8 of the 9 differences among treatment groups that were identified by the pathologist. These results demonstrate not only the ability to incorporate solutions based on image analysis into the pathologist’s workflow but also the importance of immunohistochemical or histochemical surrogates for the incorporation of image analysis in histologic assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Rogers
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - J. DeVoss
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J. Lesch
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - D. Yan
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - M. Xu
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - M. Solon
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - K. Hotzel
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - L. Diehl
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J. D. Webster
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
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Wang KP, Zhang C, Zhang SG, Liu ED, Dong L, Kong XZ, Cao P, Hu CP, Zhao K, Zhan YQ, Dong XM, Ge CH, Yu M, Chen H, Wang L, Yang XM, Li CY. 3-(3-pyridylmethylidene)-2-indolinone reduces the severity of colonic injury in a murine model of experimental colitis. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2015; 2015:959253. [PMID: 25874026 DOI: 10.1155/2015/959253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nrf2 is the key transcription factor regulating the antioxidant response which is crucial for cytoprotection against extracellular stresses. Numerous in vivo studies indicate that Nrf2 plays a protective role in anti-inflammatory response. 3-(3-Pyridylmethylidene)-2-indolinone (PMID) is a synthesized derivative of 2-indolinone compounds. Our previous study suggested that PMID induces the activation of Nrf2/ARE pathway, then protecting against oxidative stress-mediated cell death. However, little is known regarding the anti-inflammatory properties of PMID in severe inflammatory phenotypes. In the present study we determined if PMID treatment protects mice from dextran sodium sulphate- (DSS-) induced colitis. The result suggests that treatment with PMID prior to colitis induction significantly reduced body weight loss, shortened colon length, and decreased disease activity index compared to control mice. Histopathological analysis of the colon revealed attenuated inflammation in PMID pretreated animals. The levels of inflammatory markers in colon tissue and serum were reduced associated with inhibition of NF-κB activation. The expression levels of Nrf2-dependent genes such as HO-1, NQO1, and Nrf2 were increased in PMID pretreated mice. However, PMID pretreatment did not prevent DSS-induced colitis in Nrf2 knockout mice. These data indicate that PMID pretreatment in mice confers protection against DSS-induced colitis in Nrf2-dependent manner, suggesting a potential role of PMID in anti-inflammatory response.
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Wang KP, Zhang C, Zhang SG, Liu ED, Dong L, Kong XZ, Cao P, Hu CP, Zhao K, Zhan YQ, Dong XM, Ge CH, Yu M, Chen H, Wang L, Yang XM, Li CY. 3-(3-pyridylmethylidene)-2-indolinone reduces the severity of colonic injury in a murine model of experimental colitis. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2015; 2015:959253. [PMID: 25874026 PMCID: PMC4385690 DOI: 10.1155/2015/959253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Nrf2 is the key transcription factor regulating the antioxidant response which is crucial for cytoprotection against extracellular stresses. Numerous in vivo studies indicate that Nrf2 plays a protective role in anti-inflammatory response. 3-(3-Pyridylmethylidene)-2-indolinone (PMID) is a synthesized derivative of 2-indolinone compounds. Our previous study suggested that PMID induces the activation of Nrf2/ARE pathway, then protecting against oxidative stress-mediated cell death. However, little is known regarding the anti-inflammatory properties of PMID in severe inflammatory phenotypes. In the present study we determined if PMID treatment protects mice from dextran sodium sulphate- (DSS-) induced colitis. The result suggests that treatment with PMID prior to colitis induction significantly reduced body weight loss, shortened colon length, and decreased disease activity index compared to control mice. Histopathological analysis of the colon revealed attenuated inflammation in PMID pretreated animals. The levels of inflammatory markers in colon tissue and serum were reduced associated with inhibition of NF-κB activation. The expression levels of Nrf2-dependent genes such as HO-1, NQO1, and Nrf2 were increased in PMID pretreated mice. However, PMID pretreatment did not prevent DSS-induced colitis in Nrf2 knockout mice. These data indicate that PMID pretreatment in mice confers protection against DSS-induced colitis in Nrf2-dependent manner, suggesting a potential role of PMID in anti-inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Ping Wang
- 1State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- 1State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Shou-Guo Zhang
- 1State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - En-Dong Liu
- 2Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Lan Dong
- 3Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Xiang-Zhen Kong
- 4School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Peng Cao
- 5Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Province Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 100, Shizi Street, Hongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, China
| | - Chun-Ping Hu
- 5Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Province Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 100, Shizi Street, Hongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, China
| | - Ke Zhao
- 1State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yi-Qun Zhan
- 1State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Dong
- 4School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chang-Hui Ge
- 1State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Miao Yu
- 1State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Hui Chen
- 1State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Lin Wang
- 1State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Yang
- 1State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
- 4School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chang-Yan Li
- 1State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
- 2Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- *Chang-Yan Li:
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35
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Henderson AL, Brand MW, Darling RJ, Maas KJ, Detzel CJ, Hostetter J, Wannemuehler MJ, Weaver EM. Attenuation of Colitis by Serum-Derived Bovine Immunoglobulin/Protein Isolate in a Defined Microbiota Mouse Model. Dig Dis Sci 2015; 60:3293-303. [PMID: 26026602 PMCID: PMC4621698 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-015-3726-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is complex and multifaceted including genetic predisposition, environmental components, microbial dysbiosis, and inappropriate immune activation to microbial components. Pathogenic bacterial provocateurs like adherent and invasive E. coli have been reported to increase susceptibility to Crohn's disease. Serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate (SBI) is comprised primarily of immunoglobulins (Igs) that bind to conserved microbial components and neutralize exotoxins. AIM To demonstrate that oral administration of SBI may modulate mucosal inflammation following colonization with E. coli, LF82, and exposure to dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). METHODS Defined microbiota mice harboring the altered Schaedler flora (ASF) were administered SBI or hydrolyzed collagen twice daily starting 7 days prior to challenge with E. coli LF82 and continuing for the remainder of the experiment. Mice were treated with DSS for 7 days and then evaluated for evidence of local and peripheral inflammation. RESULTS Igs within SBI bound multiple antigens from all eight members of the ASF and E. coli LF82 by western blot analysis. Multiple parameters of LF82/DSS-induced colitis were reduced following administration of SBI, including histological lesion scores, secretion of cytokines and chemokines from cecal biopsies, intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP) and serum amyloid A from plasma. CONCLUSIONS Oral administration of SBI attenuated clinical signs of LF82/DSS-induced colitis in mice. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that SBI immunoglobulin binding of bacterial antigens in the intestinal lumen may inhibit the inflammatory cascades that contribute to IBD, thus attenuating DSS-induced colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meghan Wymore Brand
- />Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 USA
| | - Ross J. Darling
- />Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 USA
| | - Kenneth J. Maas
- />Entera Health, Inc., 2575 SE Oak Tree Ct., Ankeny, IA 50023 USA , />Entera Health, Inc., Cary, NC 27518 USA
| | | | - Jesse Hostetter
- />Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 USA
| | - Michael J. Wannemuehler
- />Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 USA
| | - Eric M. Weaver
- />Entera Health, Inc., 2575 SE Oak Tree Ct., Ankeny, IA 50023 USA
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Kurishima A, Inaba M, Sakaguchi Y, Fukui T, Uchida K, Nishio A, Nomura S, Okazaki K. Immunoregulatory function of PIR-A/B+ DCs in the inflammatory responses of dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. J Gastroenterol 2014; 49:1367-77. [PMID: 24077781 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-013-0879-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dendritic cells (DCs) may play an important role in forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. DCs are generally recognized as initiators of acquired immunity and also serve as regulators of both innate and acquired immunity. We used the animal model of colitis induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS), and examined whether DCs prepared from the colon show immunoregulatory roles in the termination of DSS-induced colitis. METHODS C57BL/6 mice exposed to DSS for 5 days developed acute colitis. DCs were isolated from the large intestinal lamina propria, and then analyzed for phenotypical, functional, and genetic data. RESULTS Only PIR-A/B(low) conventional DCs (cDCs) were detected in the steady state. However, after the treatment of DSS, PIR-A/B(high) cDCs appeared and gradually increased from day 5 to day 7, at which time the DSS-induced colitis was terminated. Then, allogeneic mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR) was performed. The stimulatory activity of PIR-A/B(high) cDCs obtained on day 7 was very low, and the addition of PIR-A/B(high) cDCs suppressed the T cell proliferation in MLR, indicating the immunoregulatory role of PIR-A/B(high) cDCs. The immunoregulatory role of PIR-A/B(high) cDCs was confirmed by the in vivo transfer experiment, showing their therapeutic effect on DSS-induced colitis. The message level of TGFβi was significantly higher in PIR-A/B(high) cDCs, while that of IFN-γ was highly upregulated in PIR-A/B(low) cDCs, being well in accordance with the fact that PIR-A/B(high) cDCs showed a suppressive function against activated T cells. CONCLUSION PIR-A/B(high) cDCs showed a suppressive function against activated T cells by producing inhibitory cytokines.
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Goyal N, Rana A, Ahlawat A, Bijjem KR, Kumar P. Animal models of inflammatory bowel disease: a review. Inflammopharmacology. 2014;22:219-233. [PMID: 24906689 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-014-0207-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) represents a group of idiopathic chronic inflammatory intestinal conditions associated with various areas of the GI tract, including two types of inflammatory conditions, i.e., ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). Both UC and CD are chronic inflammatory disorders of the intestine; in UC, inflammation starts in the rectum and generally extends proximally in a continuous manner through the entire colon. Bloody diarrhea, presence of blood and mucus mixed with stool, accompanied by lower abdominal cramping, are the characteristic symptoms of the disease. While in CD, inflammatory condition may affect any part of the GI tract from mouth to anus. It mainly causes abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting and weight loss. Although the basic etiology of IBD is unknown, there are several factors that may contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease, such as dysregulation of immune system or commensal bacteria, oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators. In order to understand these different etiological factors, a number of experimental models are available in the scientific research, including chemical-induced, spontaneous, genetically engineered and transgenic models. These models represent a major source of information about biological systems and are clinically relevant to the human IBD. Since there is less collective data available in one single article discussing about all these models, in this review an effort is made to study the outline of pathophysiology and various types of animal models used in the research study of IBD and other disease-related complications.
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Liao FH, Shui JW, Hsing EW, Hsiao WY, Lin YC, Chan YC, Tan TH, Huang CY. Protein phosphatase 4 is an essential positive regulator for Treg development, function, and protective gut immunity. Cell Biosci 2014; 4:25. [PMID: 24904742 PMCID: PMC4045899 DOI: 10.1186/2045-3701-4-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein phosphates 4 (PP4), encoded by the ppp4c gene, is a ubiquitously expressed phosphatase that has been implicated in the regulation of cytokine signaling and lymphocyte survival; recent reports suggest that PP4 may be involved in pre-TCR signaling and B cell development. However, whether PP4 also modulates the functions of peripheral T cells has not been investigated due to the lack of a suitable in vivo model. Treg cells are a specialized subset of CD4 helper T cells that can suppress the proliferation of activated effector T cells. In the absence of this negative regulation, autoimmune syndromes and inflammatory diseases, such as human Crohn's disease, will arise. RESULTS In this report, we generated mice with T cell-specific ablation of the ppp4c gene (CD4cre:PP4(f/f)) and a Foxp3-GFP reporter gene to examine the roles of PP4 in Treg development and function. Characterizations of the CD4cre:PP4(f/f) mice showed that PP4 deficiency induced partial αβ T lymphopenia and T cell hypo-proliferation. Further analyses revealed significant reductions in the numbers of thymic and peripheral Treg cells, as well as in the efficiency of in vitro Treg polarization. In addition, PP4-deficient Treg cells exhibited reduced suppressor functions that were associated with decreased IL-10, CTLA4, GITR and CD103 expression. More interestingly, the CD4cre:PP4(f/f) mice developed spontaneous rectal prolapse and colitis with symptoms similar to human Crohn's disease. The pathogenesis of colitis required the presence of commensal bacteria, and was correlated with reduced Treg cells in the gut. Nevertheless, PP4-deficient Treg cells were still capable of suppressing experimental colitis, suggesting that multiple factors contributed to the onset of the spontaneous colitis. CONCLUSIONS While the molecular mechanisms remain to be investigated, our results clearly show that PP4 plays a non-redundant role for the differentiation, suppressor activity and gut homeostasis of Treg cells. The onset of spontaneous colitis in the CD4cre:PP4(f/f) mice further suggests that PP4 is essential for the maintenance of protective gut immunity. The CD4cre:PP4(f/f) mice thus may serve as a good model for studying the interactions between Treg cells and gut commensal bacteria for the regulation of mucosal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Hsuean Liao
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
| | - Jr-Wen Shui
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - En-Wei Hsing
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Yi Hsiao
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Lin
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chiao Chan
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Hua Tan
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan ; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Ching-Yu Huang
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
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Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis are two main clinically defined forms of chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Our understanding of IBD depends largely on rodent models. DSS-induced intestinal inflammation in mice and T cell transfer colitis in SCID mice are most widely used and accepted models that can recapitulate the human diseases. Here, we provide detailed protocols of these two mouse models of experimentally induced intestinal inflammation. We also discuss the protocols for the isolation and analysis of inflammatory T cell from the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhakumar Manicassamy
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, CN-4153, Georgia Regents University, 1410 Laney-Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA,
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Konsavage WM, Roper JN, Ishmael FT, Yochum GS. The Myc 3' Wnt responsive element regulates neutrophil recruitment after acute colonic injury in mice. Dig Dis Sci 2013; 58:2858-2867. [PMID: 23640071 PMCID: PMC4104363 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-013-2686-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Wnt/β-catenin pathway regulates intestinal development, homeostasis, and regeneration after injury. Wnt/β-catenin signaling drives intestinal proliferation by activating expression of the c-Myc proto-oncogene (Myc) through the Myc 3' Wnt responsive DNA element (Myc 3' WRE). In a previous study, we found that deletion of the Myc 3' WRE in mice caused increased MYC expression and increased cellular proliferation in the colon. When damaged by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS), the increased proliferative capacity of Myc 3' WRE(-/-) colonocytes resulted in a more rapid recovery compared with wild-type (WT) mice. In that study, we did not examine involvement of the immune system in colonic regeneration. PURPOSE To characterize the innate immune response in Myc 3' WRE(-/-) and WT mice during and after DSS-induced colonic injury. METHODS Mice were fed 2.5 % DSS in their drinking water for five days to induce colonic damage and were then returned to normal water for two or four days to recover. Colonic sections were prepared and neutrophils and macrophages were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Cytokine and chemokine levels were analyzed by probing a cytokine array with colonic lysates. RESULTS In comparison with WT mice, there was enhanced leukocyte infiltration into the colonic mucosal and submucosal layers of Myc 3' WRE(-/-) mice after DSS damage. Levels of activated neutrophils were substantially increased in damaged Myc 3' WRE(-/-) colons as were levels of the neutrophil chemoattractants C5/C5a, CXCL1, and CXCL2. CONCLUSION The Myc 3' WRE regulates neutrophil infiltration into DSS-damaged colons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley M. Konsavage
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Dr. H171, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Jennifer N. Roper
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Dr. H171, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Faoud T. Ishmael
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Dr. H171, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Gregory S. Yochum
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Dr. H171, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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Malekinejad H, Shafie-Irannejad V, Hobbenaghi R, Tabatabaie SH, Moshtaghion SM. Comparative protective effect of hawthorn berry hydroalcoholic extract, atorvastatin, and mesalamine on experimentally induced colitis in rats. J Med Food 2013; 16:593-601. [PMID: 23875899 PMCID: PMC3719480 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2012.2672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The protective effect of hydroalcoholic extract of hawthorn berries (HBE) on acetic acid (AA)-induced colitis in rats was investigated. Forty-two Wistar rats were divided into seven groups, including control and test groups (n=6). The control animals received saline, and the test animals were treated with saline (sham group), mesalamine (50 mg/kg; M group), atorvastatin (20 mg/kg; A group), HBE (100 mg/kg; H group), mesalamine and HBE (HM group), or atorvastatin plus HBE (HA group), 3 days before and a week after colitis induction. Colitis was induced by administration of 1 mL AA (4%) via a polyethylene catheter intrarectally. High-performance liquid chromatography analyses showed that HBE contained 0.13% and 0.5% oleanolic acid and ursolic acid, respectively. Elevated myeloperoxidase activity and lipid peroxidation were attenuated in the HA group. The H and HM groups showed marked reductions in colitis-induced decreases in total thiol molecules and body weight. The histopathological studies revealed that HBE decreased colitis-induced edema and infiltration of neutrophils. Our data suggest the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of HBE and atorvastatin protect against AA-induced colitis. The anti-inflammatory effect of HBE may be attributable to its ability to decrease myeloperoxidase activity as a biomarker of neutrophil infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Malekinejad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
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Yamashita J, Iwamura C, Ito T, Narita M, Hara Y, Sasaki T, Masuda D, Takahashi M, Tsuchiya M, Hada K, Ishikawa M, Matsuo T, Ohno Y, Tanaka H, Maruyama H, Ogawa Y, Nakayama T. Paraoxonase-1 suppresses experimental colitis via the inhibition of IFN-γ production from CD4 T cells. J Immunol 2013; 191:949-60. [PMID: 23772025 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract, where excessive Th1 cell responses are observed. We performed experiments to identify immunologically bioactive proteins in human plasma and found that paraoxonase (PON)-1, which has esterase activity and is associated with high-density lipoproteins, inhibited the IFN-γ production by both murine and human differentiating Th1 cells. Trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis was attenuated by the administration of PON-1. The beneficial effects of PON-1 were associated with a reduced ratio of IFN-γ-producing CD4 T cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes and decreased production of T cell-related cytokines in the colon. PON-1 inhibited the TCR-induced activation of ERK-MAPK signaling and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB in CD4 T cells. Interestingly, an excessive CD4 T cell response was observed in PON-1-deficient mice under physiological and pathological conditions. Additionally, the efficacy of PON-1 or G3C9-C284A (G3C9), which shows a higher esterase activity than PON-1, on colitis was similar to that of an anti-TNF-α mAb, which is a clinically used CD treatment. Moreover, G3C9 more effectively suppressed CD4(+)CD45RB(high) cell transfer-induced chronic colitis in mice than did PON-1, and the efficacy of G3C9 against the colitis was similar to that of the anti-TNF-α mAb. Therefore, PON-1 (or G3C9) administration may be clinically beneficial for CD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Yamashita
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
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Okamoto Y, Hara T, Ebato T, Fukui T, Masuzawa T. Brazilian propolis ameliorates trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis in mice by inhibiting Th1 differentiation. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 16:178-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Cheah KY, Bastian SE, Acott TM, Abimosleh SM, Lymn KA, Howarth GS. Grape seed extract reduces the severity of selected disease markers in the proximal colon of dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis in rats. Dig Dis Sci 2013; 58:970-7. [PMID: 23143736 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-012-2464-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grape seed extract (GSE) constitutes a rich source of procyanidins. GSE has been demonstrated to exert encouraging anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer properties in experimental settings, although its effects on inflammation of the colon remain undefined. AIM To determine the effects of GSE in a rat model of dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) for ulcerative colitis. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were gavaged daily (days 0-10) with GSE (400 mg/kg). Ulcerative colitis was induced by substituting DSS (2 % w/v) for drinking water from days 5-10. A sucrose breath test was performed on day 11 to determine small bowel function and intestinal tissues were collected for histological analyses. Statistical analysis was by one-way or repeated-measures ANOVA and p < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS Compared to DSS-treated controls, GSE significantly decreased ileal villus height (14 %; p < 0.01) and mucosal thickness (13 %; p < 0.01) towards the values of normal controls. GSE reduced qualitative histological severity score (p < 0.05) in the proximal colon, although no significant effect was evident in the distal colon. However, GSE failed to prevent DSS-induced damage to the crypts of both colonic regions. Administration of GSE did not negatively impact metabolic parameters, nor did it induce any deleterious gastrointestinal side effects in healthy animals. CONCLUSIONS GSE decreased the severity of selected markers of DSS-induced colitis in the distal ileum and proximal colon, suggesting the potential as an adjuvant therapy for the treatment of ulcerative colitis. Future studies of GSE should investigate alternative delivery methods and treatment regimens, further seeking to identify the individual bioactive factors.
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Matos I, Bento AF, Marcon R, Claudino RF, Calixto JB. Preventive and therapeutic oral administration of the pentacyclic triterpene α,β-amyrin ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice: the relevance of cannabinoid system. Mol Immunol 2013; 54:482-92. [PMID: 23454360 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2013.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The pentacyclic triterpene α,β-amyrin has been previously reported as an effective compound in the treatment of several inflammatory conditions. Recent evidence indicates that α,β-amyrin displayed its effects through interaction with the cannabinoid pathway. We assessed the anti-inflammatory effects of the α,β-amyrin in the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice and investigated whether its effects were associated with the interaction with the cannabinoid system. Our results showed that the oral preventive or therapeutic treatment with α,β-amyrin significantly reduced disease activity, body weight loss, colonic damage, as well as colonic myeloperoxidase and N-acetylglucosaminidase activities. Moreover, α,β-amyrin decreases the colonic pro-inflammatory mediators tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and keratinocyte-derived chemokine (CXCL1/KC), while up-regulating the IL-4 levels. Additionally, we also observed that the α,β-amyrin caused a significant reduction of the adhesion molecules mRNA expression for intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), platelet cell adhesion molecule 1 (PCAM-1), β(2)-integrin and protein expression for proliferation marker Ki67, the macrophage molecule CD68 and for adhesion molecule P-selectin. Interestingly, our results also showed that the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB(1)), but not CB(2), pharmacological blockade significantly reversed the beneficial effects of α,β-amyrin in DSS-induced colitis. Besides, our data demonstrated that mRNA expression for both the endocannabinoid hydrolase monoglyceride lipase 1 (MGL1) and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) were significantly reduced in the colon of α,β-amyrin-treated mice. Altogether, these results suggest that the α,β-amyrin might possess potential therapeutic interest for the treatment of IBD, and also provide new insights for the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Matos
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88049-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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Jansson A, Pernestig AK, Nilsson P, Jirstrand M, Hultgren Hörnquist E. Toward quantifying the thymic dysfunctional state in mouse models of inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2013; 19:881-8. [PMID: 23448795 DOI: 10.1097/MIB.0b013e3182802c58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease is characterized by a number of immunological alterations, not the least in the T-cell compartment. Numerous animal models of colitis have revealed aberrant thymocyte dynamics associated with skewed thymocyte development. The recent advancements in quantitative methods have proposed critical kinetic alterations in the thymocyte development during the progression of colitis. This review focuses on the aberrant thymocyte dynamics in Gαi2-deficient mice as this mouse model provides most quantitative data of the thymocyte development associated with colitis. Herein, we discuss several dynamic changes during the progression of colitis and propose a hypothesis for the underlying causes for the skewed proportions of the thymocyte populations seen in the Gαi2-deficient mice and in other mouse models of colitis.
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Ashour DS, Othman AA, Shareef MM, Gaballah HH, Mayah WW. Interactions between Trichinella spiralis infection and induced colitis in mice. J Helminthol 2014; 88:210-8. [PMID: 23402295 DOI: 10.1017/S0022149X13000059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing inflammation afflicting any part of the bowel wall as a result of a deregulated and inappropriate immune response. In recent years, experimental and clinical evidence has demonstrated that infection with parasitic worms could protect hosts from IBD. The aims of this study were to determine if the underlying mechanism of the host immune regulation inherent to Trichinella spiralis infection involves Foxp3-expressing regulatory T cells, and to gain insight about time-related interactions between intestinal nematode infection and induced colitis using an experimental model for ulcerative colitis. Mice were experimentally subjected to acetic acid-induced colitis, which was either preceded or followed by T. spiralis infection. Assessment of colitis was done by histopathological examination of the colon and determination of pentraxin 3 levels. Immunohistochemistry was done for demonstration of Foxp3-expressing regulatory T cells in colonic tissues. It was evident that T. spiralis infection ameliorated the severe inflammation induced by acetic acid, evidenced by amelioration of histopathological changes and diminution of pentraxin 3 levels. The amelioration was more pronounced when T. spiralis infection preceded the induction of colitis. Regarding the immunohistochemical staining of regulatory T cells, T. spiralis infection induced recruitment of Foxp3-expressing regulatory T cells to areas of inflammation. In conclusion, T. spiralis regulatory mechanism can improve inflammation of the colon through the 'inflammatory-regulatory' axis. Finally, it would be of great importance to apply these results to the development of new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of ulcerative colitis.
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Kron MA, Metwali A, Vodanovic-Jankovic S, Elliott D. Nematode asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase resolves intestinal inflammation in mice with T-cell transfer colitis. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2013; 20:276-81. [PMID: 23254300 DOI: 10.1128/CVI.00594-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic effects of a controlled parasitic nematode infection on the course of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have been demonstrated in both animal and human models. However, the inability of individual well-characterized nematode proteins to recreate these beneficial effects has limited the application of component immunotherapy to human disease. The nematodes that cause chronic human lymphatic filariasis, Brugia malayi and Wuchereria bancrofti, are among the parasites that induce immune suppression. Filarial lymphatic pathology has been shown to involve NF-κB pathway-dependent production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and stimulation of VEGF expression has also been reported by interleukin 8 (IL-8) via NF-κB pathways. Previously, we have shown that the filarial asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase (rBmAsnRS) interacts with IL-8 receptors using a combination of extracellular loops that differ from those bound by IL-8. To test the hypothesis that rBmAsnRS might induce an anti-inflammatory effect in vivo, we studied the effects of rBmAsnRS in an established murine colitis model using T-cell transfer mice. T-cell transfer colitis mice treated intraperitoneally with 100 μg of rBmAsnRS four times over 2 weeks showed resolution of cellular infiltration in the colonic mucosa, along with induction of a CD8(+) cellular response. In addition, rBmAsnRS induced a rise in IL-10 production from CD3(+) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and cytosine phosphate guanosine (CPG)-stimulated splenic cells. In summary, this work demonstrates a novel anti-inflammatory nematode protein, supports the hygiene hypothesis, and supports continued refinement of alternative immunotherapies for treatment of IBD.
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Philippe D, Brahmbhatt V, Foata F, Saudan Y, Serrant P, Blum S, Benyacoub J, Vidal K. Anti-inflammatory effects of Lacto-Wolfberry in a mouse model of experimental colitis. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:5351-9. [PMID: 23082051 PMCID: PMC3471103 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i38.5351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of Lacto-Wolfberry (LWB), both in vitro and using a mouse model of experimental colitis.
METHODS: The effects of LWB on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and interleukin (IL)-6 secretion were assessed in a murine macrophage cell line. in vitro assessment also included characterizing the effects of LWB on the activation of NF-E2 related 2 pathway and inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation, utilizing reporter cell lines. Following the in vitro assessment, the anti-inflammatory efficacy of an oral intervention with LWB was tested in vivo using a preclinical model of intestinal inflammation. Multiple outcomes including body weight, intestinal histology, colonic cytokine levels and anti-oxidative measures were investigated.
RESULTS: LWB reduced the LPS-mediated induction of ROS production [+LPS vs 1% LWB + LPS, 1590 ± 188.5 relative luminescence units (RLU) vs 389 ± 5.9 RLU, P < 0.001]. LWB was more effective than wolfberry alone in reducing LPS-induced IL-6 secretion in vitro (wolfberry vs 0.5% LWB, 15% ± 7.8% vs 64% ± 5%, P < 0.001). In addition, LWB increased reporter gene expression via the anti-oxidant response element activation (wolfberry vs LWB, 73% ± 6.9% vs 148% ± 28.3%, P < 0.001) and inhibited the TNF-α-induced activation of the NF-κB pathway (milk vs LWB, 10% ± 6.7% vs 35% ± 3.3%, P < 0.05). Furthermore, oral supplementation with LWB resulted in a reduction of macroscopic (-LWB vs +LWB, 5.39 ± 0.61 vs 3.66 ± 0.59, P = 0.0445) and histological scores (-LWB vs +LWB, 5.44 ± 0.32 vs 3.66 ± 0.59, P = 0.0087) in colitic mice. These effects were associated with a significant decrease in levels of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β (-LWB vs +LWB, 570 ± 245 μg/L vs 89 ± 38 μg/L, P = 0.0106), keratinocyte-derived chemokine/growth regulated protein-α (-LWB vs +LWB, 184 ± 49 μg/L vs 75 ± 20 μg/L, P = 0.0244), IL-6 (-LWB vs +LWB, 318 ± 99 μg/L vs 117 ± 18 μg/L, P = 0.0315) and other pro-inflammatory proteins such as cyclooxygenase-2 (-LWB vs +LWB, 0.95 ± 0.12 AU vs 0.36 ± 0.11 AU, P = 0.0036) and phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (-LWB vs +LWB, 0.51 ± 0.15 AU vs 0.1 ± 0.04 AU, P = 0.057). Moreover, antioxidant biomarkers, including expression of gene encoding for the glutathione peroxidase, in the colon and the plasma anti-oxidant capacity were significantly increased by supplementation with LWB (-LWB vs +LWB, 1.2 ± 0.21 mmol/L vs 2.1 ± 0.19 mmol/L, P = 0.0095).
CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate the anti-inflammatory properties of LWB and suggest that the underlying mechanism is at least in part due to NF-κB inhibition and improved anti-oxidative capacity.
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Konsavage WM Jr, Jin G, Yochum GS. The Myc 3' Wnt-responsive element regulates homeostasis and regeneration in the mouse intestinal tract. Mol Cell Biol 2012; 32:3891-902. [PMID: 22826434 DOI: 10.1128/MCB.00548-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway controls cellular proliferation in the intestines. In response to Wnt, β-catenin transits into the nucleus and associates with members of the T-cell factor (TCF) family of transcription factors. β-Catenin/TCF complexes bind Wnt responsive DNA elements (WREs) to activate target gene expression. The c-MYC proto-oncogene (MYC) is a direct target of β-catenin/TCF complexes. We recently identified the MYC 3' WRE, which maps 1.4-kb downstream from the MYC transcription stop site. To investigate the role of the Myc 3' WRE in the intestines, we generated a mouse model with a germ line deletion of this element. The intestinal architecture was largely preserved in knockout mice; however, removal of the Myc 3' WRE compromised the crypt microenvironment. In comparison to wild-type intestines, knockout intestines contained an increased number of proliferative cells and a reduced number of differentiated cells comprising both absorptive and secretory lineages. Using a model of colitis, we found that knockout colons repaired more rapidly during the recovery period of the protocol. These results indicate that regulation of MYC expression through the Myc 3' WRE contributes to intestinal homeostasis. Furthermore, our study implicates MYC as an important regulator of intestinal regeneration following injury.
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