1
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Xiao Q, Xia M, Tang W, Zhao H, Chen Y, Zhong J. The lipid metabolism remodeling: A hurdle in breast cancer therapy. Cancer Lett 2024; 582:216512. [PMID: 38036043 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Lipids, as one of the three primary energy sources, provide energy for all cellular life activities. Lipids are also known to be involved in the formation of cell membranes and play an important role as signaling molecules in the intracellular and microenvironment. Tumor cells actively or passively remodel lipid metabolism, using the function of lipids in various important cellular life activities to evade therapeutic attack. Breast cancer has become the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women, which is partly due to therapeutic resistance. It is necessary to fully elucidate the formation and mechanisms of chemoresistance to improve breast cancer patient survival rates. Altered lipid metabolism has been observed in breast cancer with therapeutic resistance, indicating that targeting lipid reprogramming is a promising anticancer strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xiao
- Cancer Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, PR China; Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, PR China
| | - Min Xia
- Cancer Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, PR China
| | - Weijian Tang
- Queen Mary School of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, PR China
| | - Hu Zhao
- Cancer Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, PR China
| | - Yajun Chen
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, PR China.
| | - Jing Zhong
- Cancer Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, PR China; Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, PR China.
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2
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Eurtivong C, Leung E, Sharma N, Leung IKH, Reynisson J. Phosphatidylcholine-Specific Phospholipase C as a Promising Drug Target. Molecules 2023; 28:5637. [PMID: 37570610 PMCID: PMC10420013 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C (PC-PLC) is an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of the important secondary messengers phosphocholine and diacylglycerol (DAG) from phosphatidylcholine. Although PC-PLC has been linked to the progression of many pathological conditions, including cancer, atherosclerosis, inflammation and neuronal cell death, studies of PC-PLC on the protein level have been somewhat neglected with relatively scarce data. To date, the human gene expressing PC-PLC has not yet been found, and the only protein structure of PC-PLC that has been solved was from Bacillus cereus (PC-PLCBc). Nonetheless, there is evidence for PC-PLC activity as a human functional equivalent of its prokaryotic counterpart. Additionally, inhibitors of PC-PLCBc have been developed as potential therapeutic agents. The most notable classes include 2-aminohydroxamic acids, xanthates, N,N'-hydroxyureas, phospholipid analogues, 1,4-oxazepines, pyrido[3,4-b]indoles, morpholinobenzoic acids and univalent ions. However, many medicinal chemistry studies lack evidence for their cellular and in vivo effects, which hampers the progression of the inhibitors towards the clinic. This review outlines the pathological implications of PC-PLC and highlights current progress and future challenges in the development of PC-PLC inhibitors from the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chatchakorn Eurtivong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Si Ayutthaya Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Euphemia Leung
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
| | - Nabangshu Sharma
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
- Scion (New Zealand Forest Research Institute), Te Papa Tipu Innovation Park, 49 Sala Street, Rotorua 3010, New Zealand
| | - Ivanhoe K. H. Leung
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
| | - Jóhannes Reynisson
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme ST5 5BG, UK;
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3
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Geitgey DK, Lee M, Cottrill KA, Jaffe M, Pilcher W, Bhasin S, Randall J, Ross AJ, Salemi M, Castillo-Castrejon M, Kilgore MB, Brown AC, Boss JM, Johnston R, Fitzpatrick AM, Kemp ML, English R, Weaver E, Bagchi P, Walsh R, Scharer CD, Bhasin M, Chandler JD, Haynes KA, Wellberg EA, Henry CJ. The 'omics of obesity in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 2023; 2023:12-29. [PMID: 37139973 PMCID: PMC10157791 DOI: 10.1093/jncimonographs/lgad014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The obesity pandemic currently affects more than 70 million Americans and more than 650 million individuals worldwide. In addition to increasing susceptibility to pathogenic infections (eg, SARS-CoV-2), obesity promotes the development of many cancer subtypes and increases mortality rates in most cases. We and others have demonstrated that, in the context of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), adipocytes promote multidrug chemoresistance. Furthermore, others have demonstrated that B-ALL cells exposed to the adipocyte secretome alter their metabolic states to circumvent chemotherapy-mediated cytotoxicity. To better understand how adipocytes impact the function of human B-ALL cells, we used a multi-omic RNA-sequencing (single-cell and bulk transcriptomic) and mass spectroscopy (metabolomic and proteomic) approaches to define adipocyte-induced changes in normal and malignant B cells. These analyses revealed that the adipocyte secretome directly modulates programs in human B-ALL cells associated with metabolism, protection from oxidative stress, increased survival, B-cell development, and drivers of chemoresistance. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of mice on low- and high-fat diets revealed that obesity suppresses an immunologically active B-cell subpopulation and that the loss of this transcriptomic signature in patients with B-ALL is associated with poor survival outcomes. Analyses of sera and plasma samples from healthy donors and those with B-ALL revealed that obesity is associated with higher circulating levels of immunoglobulin-associated proteins, which support observations in obese mice of altered immunological homeostasis. In all, our multi-omics approach increases our understanding of pathways that may promote chemoresistance in human B-ALL and highlight a novel B-cell-specific signature in patients associated with survival outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delaney K Geitgey
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Miyoung Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kirsten A Cottrill
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Maya Jaffe
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - William Pilcher
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Swati Bhasin
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jessica Randall
- Emory Integrated Computational Core, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anthony J Ross
- Riley Children’s Health, Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Michelle Salemi
- Proteomics Core Facility, University of California Davis Genome Center, Davis, 95616, CA
| | - Marisol Castillo-Castrejon
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Matthew B Kilgore
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ayjha C Brown
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jeremy M Boss
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rich Johnston
- Emory Integrated Computational Core, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anne M Fitzpatrick
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Melissa L Kemp
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory Integrated Proteomics Core, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Eric Weaver
- Shimadzu Scientific Instruments, Columbia, MD, USA
| | - Pritha Bagchi
- Emory Integrated Proteomics Core, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ryan Walsh
- Shimadzu Scientific Instruments, Columbia, MD, USA
| | - Christopher D Scharer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Manoj Bhasin
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joshua D Chandler
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Karmella A Haynes
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Wellberg
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Curtis J Henry
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
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4
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Penet MF, Sharma RK, Bharti S, Mori N, Artemov D, Bhujwalla ZM. Cancer insights from magnetic resonance spectroscopy of cells and excised tumors. NMR Biomed 2023; 36:e4724. [PMID: 35262263 PMCID: PMC9458776 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Multinuclear ex vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of cancer cells, xenografts, human cancer tissue, and biofluids is a rapidly expanding field that is providing unique insights into cancer. Starting from the 1970s, the field has continued to evolve as a stand-alone technology or as a complement to in vivo MRS to characterize the metabolome of cancer cells, cancer-associated stromal cells, immune cells, tumors, biofluids and, more recently, changes in the metabolome of organs induced by cancers. Here, we review some of the insights into cancer obtained with ex vivo MRS and provide a perspective of future directions. Ex vivo MRS of cells and tumors provides opportunities to understand the role of metabolism in cancer immune surveillance and immunotherapy. With advances in computational capabilities, the integration of artificial intelligence to identify differences in multinuclear spectral patterns, especially in easily accessible biofluids, is providing exciting advances in detection and monitoring response to treatment. Metabolotheranostics to target cancers and to normalize metabolic changes in organs induced by cancers to prevent cancer-induced morbidity are other areas of future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-France Penet
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Raj Kumar Sharma
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Santosh Bharti
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Noriko Mori
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dmitri Artemov
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zaver M. Bhujwalla
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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5
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Bhaduri S, Kelly CL, Lesbats C, Sharkey J, Ressel L, Mukherjee S, Platt MD, Delikatny EJ, Poptani H. Metabolic changes in glioblastomas in response to choline kinase inhibition: In vivo MRS in rodent models. NMR Biomed 2023; 36:e4855. [PMID: 36269130 PMCID: PMC10078495 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Changes in glioblastoma (GBM) metabolism was investigated in response to JAS239, a choline kinase inhibitor, using MRS. In addition to the inhibition of phosphocholine synthesis, we investigated changes in other key metabolic pathways associated with GBM progression and treatment response. Three syngeneic rodent models of GBM were used: F98 (N = 12) and 9L (N = 8) models in rats and GL261 (N = 10) in mice. Rodents were intracranially injected with GBM cells in the right cortex and tumor growth was monitored using T2 -weighted images. Animals were treated once daily with intraperitoneal injections of 4 mg/kg JAS239 (F98 rats, n = 6; 9L rats, n = 6; GL261 mice, n = 5) or saline (control group, F98 rats, n = 6; 9L rats, n = 2; GL261 mice, n = 5) for five consecutive days. Single voxel spectra were acquired on Days 0 (T0, baseline) and 6 (T6, end of treatment) from the tumor as well as the contralateral normal brain using a PRESS sequence. Changes in metabolite ratios (tCho/tCr, tCho/NAA, mI/tCr, Glx/tCr and (Lip + Lac)/Cr) were used to assess metabolic pathway alterations in response to JAS239. Tumor growth arrest was noted in all models in response to JAS239 treatment compared with saline-treated animals, with a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the F98 model. A reduction in tCho/tCr was observed with JAS239 treatment in all GBM models, indicating reduced phospholipid metabolism, with the highest reduction in 9L followed by GL261 and F98 tumors. A significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the tCho/NAA ratio was observed in the 9L model. A significant reduction in mI/tCr (p < 0.05) was found in JAS239-treated F98 tumors compared with the saline-treated animals. A non-significant trend of reduction in Glx/tCr was observed only in F98 and 9L tumors. JAS239-treated F98 tumors also showed a significant increase in Lip + Lac (p < 0.05), indicating increased cell death. This study demonstrated the utility of MRS in assessing metabolic changes in GBM in response to choline kinase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Bhaduri
- Centre for Preclinical Imaging, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer MedicineUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Claire Louise Kelly
- Centre for Preclinical Imaging, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer MedicineUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Clémentine Lesbats
- Centre for Preclinical Imaging, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer MedicineUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
- Division of Radiotherapy and ImagingThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Jack Sharkey
- Centre for Preclinical Imaging, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer MedicineUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Lorenzo Ressel
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy Physiology and PathologyUniversity of LiverpoolChesterUK
| | - Soham Mukherjee
- Centre for Preclinical Imaging, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer MedicineUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Mark David Platt
- Centre for Preclinical Imaging, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer MedicineUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Edward J. Delikatny
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Harish Poptani
- Centre for Preclinical Imaging, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer MedicineUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
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6
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Stoica C, Ferreira AK, Hannan K, Bakovic M. Bilayer Forming Phospholipids as Targets for Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095266. [PMID: 35563655 PMCID: PMC9100777 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipids represent a crucial component for the structure of cell membranes. Phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine are two phospholipids that comprise the majority of cell membranes. De novo biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine occurs via the Kennedy pathway, and perturbations in the regulation of this pathway are linked to a variety of human diseases, including cancer. Altered phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine membrane content, phospholipid metabolite levels, and fatty acid profiles are frequently identified as hallmarks of cancer development and progression. This review summarizes the research on how phospholipid metabolism changes over oncogenic transformation, and how phospholipid profiling can differentiate between human cancer and healthy tissues, with a focus on colorectal cancer, breast cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer. The potential for phospholipids to serve as biomarkers for diagnostics, or as anticancer therapy targets, is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Stoica
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Science, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (C.S.); (K.H.)
| | - Adilson Kleber Ferreira
- Department of Immunology, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
- Department of Oncology, Alchemypet—Veterinary Dignostic Medicine, São Paulo 05024-000, Brazil
| | - Kayleigh Hannan
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Science, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (C.S.); (K.H.)
| | - Marica Bakovic
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Science, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (C.S.); (K.H.)
- Correspondence:
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7
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Saito RDF, Andrade LNDS, Bustos SO, Chammas R. Phosphatidylcholine-Derived Lipid Mediators: The Crosstalk Between Cancer Cells and Immune Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:768606. [PMID: 35250970 PMCID: PMC8889569 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.768606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
To become resistant, cancer cells need to activate and maintain molecular defense mechanisms that depend on an energy trade-off between resistance and essential functions. Metabolic reprogramming has been shown to fuel cell growth and contribute to cancer drug resistance. Recently, changes in lipid metabolism have emerged as an important driver of resistance to anticancer agents. In this review, we highlight the role of choline metabolism with a focus on the phosphatidylcholine cycle in the regulation of resistance to therapy. We analyze the contribution of phosphatidylcholine and its metabolites to intracellular processes of cancer cells, both as the major cell membrane constituents and source of energy. We further extended our discussion about the role of phosphatidylcholine-derived lipid mediators in cellular communication between cancer and immune cells within the tumor microenvironment, as well as their pivotal role in the immune regulation of therapeutic failure. Changes in phosphatidylcholine metabolism are part of an adaptive program activated in response to stress conditions that contribute to cancer therapy resistance and open therapeutic opportunities for treating drug-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata de Freitas Saito
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana Nogueira de Sousa Andrade
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvina Odete Bustos
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roger Chammas
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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8
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Cai L, Ying M, Wu H. Microenvironmental Factors Modulating Tumor Lipid Metabolism: Paving the Way to Better Antitumoral Therapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:777273. [PMID: 34888248 PMCID: PMC8649922 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.777273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is one of the emerging hallmarks of cancer and is driven by both the oncogenic mutations and challenging microenvironment. To satisfy the demands of energy and biomass for rapid proliferation, the metabolism of various nutrients in tumor cells undergoes important changes, among which the aberrant lipid metabolism has gained increasing attention in facilitating tumor development and metastasis in the past few years. Obstacles emerged in the aspect of application of targeting lipid metabolism for tumor therapy, due to lacking of comprehensive understanding on its regulating mechanism. Tumor cells closely interact with stromal niche, which highly contributes to metabolic rewiring of critical nutrients in cancer cells. This fact makes the impact of microenvironment on tumor lipid metabolism a topic of renewed interest. Abundant evidence has shown that many factors existing in the tumor microenvironment can rewire multiple signaling pathways and proteins involved in lipid metabolic pathways of cancer cells. Hence in this review, we summarized the recent progress on the understanding of microenvironmental factors regulating tumor lipid metabolism, and discuss the potential of modulating lipid metabolism as an anticancer approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limeng Cai
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory for Cancer Intervention and Prevention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minfeng Ying
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory for Cancer Intervention and Prevention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory for Cancer Intervention and Prevention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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9
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Lacal JC, Zimmerman T, Campos JM. Choline Kinase: An Unexpected Journey for a Precision Medicine Strategy in Human Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:788. [PMID: 34070409 PMCID: PMC8226952 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Choline kinase (ChoK) is a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of choline to form phosphorylcholine (PCho) in the presence of ATP and magnesium. ChoK is required for the synthesis of key membrane phospholipids and is involved in malignant transformation in a large variety of human tumours. Active compounds against ChoK have been identified and proposed as antitumor agents. The ChoK inhibitory and antiproliferative activities of symmetrical bispyridinium and bisquinolinium compounds have been defined using quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) and structural parameters. The design strategy followed in the development of the most active molecules is presented. The selective anticancer activity of these structures is also described. One promising anticancer compound has even entered clinical trials. Recently, ChoKα inhibitors have also been proposed as a novel therapeutic approach against parasites, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory processes, and pathogenic bacteria. The evidence for ChoKα as a novel drug target for approaches in precision medicine is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Lacal
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, CSIC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital La Paz, IDIPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tahl Zimmerman
- Food Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, North Carolina University, 1601 East Market Street, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA;
| | - Joaquín M. Campos
- Departamento de Química Farmacéutica y Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, c/Campus de Cartuja, s/n, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto Biosanitario de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), SAS-Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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10
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Rubio-Ruiz B, Serrán-Aguilera L, Hurtado-Guerrero R, Conejo-García A. Recent advances in the design of choline kinase α inhibitors and the molecular basis of their inhibition. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:902-927. [PMID: 33103259 DOI: 10.1002/med.21746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Upregulated choline metabolism, characterized by an increase in phosphocholine (PCho), is a hallmark of oncogenesis and tumor progression. Choline kinase (ChoK), the enzyme responsible for PCho synthesis, has consequently become a promising drug target for cancer therapy and as such a significant number of ChoK inhibitors have been developed over the last few decades. More recently, due to the role of this enzyme in other pathologies, ChoK inhibitors have also been used in new therapeutic approaches against malaria and rheumatoid arthritis. Here, we review research results in the field of ChoKα inhibitors from their synthesis to the molecular basis of their binding mode. Strategies for the development of inhibitors and their selectivity on ChoKα over ChoKβ, the plasticity of the choline-binding site, the discovery of new exploitable binding sites, and the allosteric properties of this enzyme are highlighted. The outcomes summarized in this review will be a useful guide to develop new multifunctional potent drugs for the treatment of various human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Rubio-Ruiz
- Department of Medicinal and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Regional Government Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Granada, Spain.,Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), SAS-University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Lucía Serrán-Aguilera
- Department of Medicinal and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Ramón Hurtado-Guerrero
- Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Laboratorio de Microscopías Avanzada, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,ARAID Foundation, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana Conejo-García
- Department of Medicinal and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), SAS-University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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11
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Hua W, Ten Dijke P, Kostidis S, Giera M, Hornsveld M. TGFβ-induced metabolic reprogramming during epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 77:2103-2123. [PMID: 31822964 PMCID: PMC7256023 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03398-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the most frequent cause of death in cancer patients. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the process in which cells lose epithelial integrity and become motile, a critical step for cancer cell invasion, drug resistance and immune evasion. The transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signaling pathway is a major driver of EMT. Increasing evidence demonstrates that metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer and extensive metabolic changes are observed during EMT. The aim of this review is to summarize and interconnect recent findings that illustrate how changes in glycolysis, mitochondrial, lipid and choline metabolism coincide and functionally contribute to TGFβ-induced EMT. We describe TGFβ signaling is involved in stimulating both glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration. Interestingly, the subsequent metabolic consequences for the redox state and lipid metabolism in cancer cells are found to be in favor of EMT as well. Combined we illustrate that a better understanding of the mechanistic links between TGFβ signaling, cancer metabolism and EMT holds promising strategies for cancer therapy, some of which are already actively being explored in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Hua
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.,National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Plant Bio-Oil Production and Application, Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Sarantos Kostidis
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Giera
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marten Hornsveld
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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12
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Zimmerman T, Lacal JC, Ibrahim SA. Choline Kinase Emerges as a Promising Drug Target in Gram-Positive Bacteria. Front Microbiol 2019; 6:2146. [PMID: 31681254 PMCID: PMC6813931 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Both nosocomial pathogens, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae and food-borne pathogens, such as Bacillus cereus and Clostridium perfringens are known to be detrimental to human and animal health. The effectiveness of currently used treatments for these pathogens becomes limited as resistant strains emerge. Therefore, new methods for eliminating bacterial pathogens must be developed continuously. This includes establishing novel targets to which drug discovery efforts could be focused. A promising method for discovering new drug targets in prokaryotes is to take advantage of the information available regarding the enzymatic pathways that have been established as drug targets in eukaryotic systems and explore the analogous pathways found in bacterial systems. This is an efficient strategy because the same inhibitors developed at considerable expense to block these pathways in eukaryotic systems could also be employed in prokaryotes. Drugs that are used to prevent diseases involving eukaryotic cells could be repurposed as antibiotics and antimicrobials for the control of bacteria pathogens. This strategy could be pursued whenever the primary and tertiary structures of a target are are conserved between eukaryotic and prokaryotes. A possible novel target fitting these parameters is choline kinase (ChoK), whose active site sequences are conserved (Figure 1) and whose tertiary structure (Figure 2) is maintained. Here, we describe why ChoK is a putative drug target by describing its role in the growth and pathogenesis of Gram-positive bacteria S. pneumoniae and the Gram-negative bacteria H. influenzae. Using S. pneumoniae as a model, we also present promising preliminary information that repurposing of drugs known to inhibit the human isoform of ChoK (hChoK), is a promising strategy for blocking the growth of S. pneumoniae cells and inhibiting the activity of the S. pneumoniae isoform of ChoK (sChok), with downstream physiological effects on the cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahl Zimmerman
- Food Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Food and Nutritional Sciences Program, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, United States
| | - Juan Carlos Lacal
- Department of Oncology, Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada, Madrid, Spain
| | - Salam A Ibrahim
- Food Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Food and Nutritional Sciences Program, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, United States
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13
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Penet MF, Shah T, Wildes F, Krishnamachary B, Bharti SK, Pacheco-Torres J, Artemov D, Bhujwalla ZM. MRI and MRS of intact perfused cancer cell metabolism, invasion, and stromal cell interactions. NMR Biomed 2019; 32:e4053. [PMID: 30693605 PMCID: PMC6661227 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Because of the spatial and temporal heterogeneities of cancers, technologies to investigate cancer cells and the consequences of their interactions with abnormal physiological environments, such as hypoxia and acidic extracellular pH, with stromal cells, and with the extracellular matrix, under controlled conditions, are valuable to gain insights into the functioning of cancers. These insights can lead to an understanding of why cancers invade and metastasize, and identify effective treatment strategies. Here we have provided an overview of the applications of MRI/MRS/MRSI to investigate intact perfused cancer cells, their metabolism and invasion, and their interactions with stromal cells and the extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-France Penet
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Tariq Shah
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science
| | - Flonne Wildes
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science
| | - Balaji Krishnamachary
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science
| | - Santosh K. Bharti
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science
| | - Jesus Pacheco-Torres
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science
| | - Dmitri Artemov
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Zaver M. Bhujwalla
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Correspondence to: Zaver M. Bhujwalla, PhD, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Rm 208C Traylor Building, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA, Phone: +1 (410) 955 9698 | Fax: +1 (410) 614 1948,
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Sola-Leyva A, López-Cara LC, Ríos-Marco P, Ríos A, Marco C, Carrasco-Jiménez MP. Choline kinase inhibitors EB-3D and EB-3P interferes with lipid homeostasis in HepG2 cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5109. [PMID: 30911014 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40885-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A full understanding of the molecular mechanism of action of choline kinase α (ChoKα) inhibitors at the cell level is essential for developing therapeutic and preventive approaches for cancer. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of the ChoKα inhibitors EB-3D and EB-3P on lipid metabolism in HepG2 cells. We used [methyl-14C]choline, [1,2-14C]acetic acid and [2-3H]glycerol as exogenous precursors of the corresponding phospholipids and neutral lipids. [Methyl-14C]choline was also used to determine choline uptake. Protein levels were determined by Western blot. Ultrastructural alterations were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. In this work, we demonstrate that EB-3D and EB-3P interfere with phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis via both CDP-choline pathway and choline uptake by the cell. Moreover, the synthesis of both diacylglycerols and triacylglycerols was affected by cell exposure to both inhibitors. These effects were accompanied by a substantial decrease in cholesterol biosynthesis, as well as alterations in the expression of proteins related to cholesterol homeostasis. We also found that EB-3D and EB-3P lowered ChoKα protein levels. All these effects could be explained by the modulation of the AMP-activated protein kinase signalling pathway. We show that both inhibitors cause mitochondrial alteration and an endoplasmic reticulum stress response. EB-3D and EB-3P exert effects on ChoKα expression, AMPK activation, apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress and lipid metabolism. Taken together, results show that EB-3D and EB-3P have potential anti-cancer activity through the deregulation of lipid metabolism.
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15
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Fardanesh R, Marino MA, Avendano D, Leithner D, Pinker K, Thakur SB. Proton MR spectroscopy in the breast: Technical innovations and clinical applications. J Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 50:1033-1046. [PMID: 30848037 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a promising noninvasive diagnostic technique for investigation of breast cancer metabolism. Spectroscopic imaging data may be obtained following contrast-enhanced MRI by applying the point-resolved spectroscopy sequence (PRESS) or the stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM) sequence from the MR voxel encompassing the breast lesion. Total choline signal (tCho) measured in vivo using either a qualitative or quantitative approach has been used as a diagnostic test in the workup of malignant breast lesions. In addition to tCho metabolites, other relevant metabolites, including multiple lipids, can be detected and monitored. MRS has been heavily investigated as an adjunct to morphologic and dynamic MRI to improve diagnostic accuracy in breast cancer, obviating unnecessary benign biopsies. Besides its use in the staging of breast cancer, other promising applications have been recently investigated, including the assessment of treatment response and therapy monitoring. This review provides guidance on spectroscopic acquisition and quantification methods and highlights current and evolving clinical applications of proton MRS. Level of Evidence 5 Technical Efficacy: Stage 5 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Fardanesh
- Department of Radiology, Breast Imaging Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Maria Adele Marino
- Department of Radiology, Breast Imaging Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphologic and Functional Imaging, Policlinico Universitario G. Martino, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Daly Avendano
- Department of Radiology, Breast Imaging Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Doris Leithner
- Department of Radiology, Breast Imaging Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Katja Pinker
- Department of Radiology, Breast Imaging Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Molecular and Gender Imaging, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sunitha B Thakur
- Department of Radiology, Breast Imaging Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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16
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Shah T, Krishnamachary B, Wildes F, Wijnen JP, Glunde K, Bhujwalla ZM. Molecular causes of elevated phosphoethanolamine in breast and pancreatic cancer cells. NMR Biomed 2018; 31:e3936. [PMID: 29928787 PMCID: PMC6118328 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Elevated phosphoethanolamine (PE) is frequently observed in MRS studies of human cancers and xenografts. The role of PE in cell survival and the molecular causes underlying this increase are, however, relatively underexplored. In this study, we investigated the roles of ethanolamine kinases (Etnk-1 and 2) and choline kinases (Chk-α and β) in contributing to increased PE in human breast and pancreatic cancer cells. We investigated the effect of silencing Etnk-1 and Etnk-2 on cell viability as a potential therapeutic strategy. Both breast and pancreatic cancer cells showed higher PE compared with their nonmalignant counterparts. We identified Etnk-1 as a major cause of the elevated PE levels in these cancer cells, with little or no contribution from Chk-α, Chk-β, or Etnk-2. The increase of PE observed in pancreatic cancer cells in culture was replicated in the corresponding tumor xenografts. Downregulation of Etnk-1 with siRNA resulted in cell cytotoxicity that correlated with PE levels in breast and pancreatic cancer cells. Etnk-1 may provide a potential therapeutic target in breast and pancreatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Shah
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Balaji Krishnamachary
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Flonne Wildes
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jannie P. Wijnen
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Centre of Image Sciences/High field MR Research group, Radiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Kristine Glunde
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zaver M. Bhujwalla
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Correspondence: Zaver M. Bhujwalla, PhD, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Rm 208C Traylor Building, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA, Phone: +1 (410) 955 9698 | Fax: +1 (410) 614 1948,
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17
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Zimmerman T, Ibrahim SA. Parallel Colorimetric Quantification of Choline and Phosphocholine as a Method for Studying Choline Kinase Activity in Complex Mixtures. Antibiotics (Basel) 2018; 7:E24. [PMID: 29562616 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics7010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Choline kinase (Chok) is an enzyme found in eukaryotes and Gram-positive bacteria. Chok catalyzes the production of phosphocholine from choline and ATP. This enzyme has been validated as a drug target in Streptococcus pneumonia, but the role Chok enzymatic activity plays in bacterial cell growth and division is not well understood. Phosphocholine production by Chok and its attenuation by inhibitors in the context of complex samples such as cell extracts can currently be quantified by several methods. These include choline depletion measurements, radioactive methods, mass-spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance. The first does not measure phosphocholine directly, the second requires elaborate safety procedures, and the third and fourth require significant capital investments and technical expertise. For these reasons, a less expensive, higher throughput, more easily accessible assay is needed to facilitate further study in Gram-positive Choks. Here, we present the development of a triiodide/activated charcoal/molybdenum blue system for detecting and quantifying choline and phosphocholine in parallel. We demonstrate that this system can reliably quantify changes in choline and phosphocholine concentrations over time in Chok enzymatic assays using cell extracts as the source of the enzyme. This is an easily accessible, convenient, robust, and economical method for studying Chok activity in complex samples. The triiodide/activated charcoal/molybdenum blue system opens new doors into the study choline kinase in Gram-positive pathogens.
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Ayub Khan SM, Few LL, See Too WC. Downregulation of human choline kinase α gene expression by miR-876-5p. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:7442-7450. [PMID: 29568919 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Choline kinase (CK) is the first enzyme in the CDP-choline pathway for the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine, the most abundant phospholipid in the mammalian cell membrane. This enzyme exists as three isozymes (α1, α2 and β) and the CKα isozyme has been implicated in cancer pathogenesis. Inhibition of CK activity has been proposed for cancer therapies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are non‑coding RNAs that serve important roles in diverse biological pathways and human diseases, including cancer. However, the regulation of CKα gene expression by miRNAs has never been investigated, to the best of the authors' knowledge. In the present study, two miRNA mimics, miR‑876‑5p and miR‑646, were transfected into the HepG2 cell line and the effect of these miRNAs on the levels of CKα mRNA were determined by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Cells transfected with 25 nM miR‑876‑5p for 48 h exhibited significantly lower levels of CKα mRNA. Following optimization, miR‑876‑5p caused four times lower levels of CKα mRNA compared to the negative control. Effects of the miRNAs on HepG2 cell viability and cellular morphology were additionally analyzed using an MTT cell viability assay and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. HepG2 cells that were transfected with the optimum concentration of miR‑876‑5p for the optimum duration exhibited 25% lower viability than negative control and signs of apoptosis in electron micrographs. The results suggested miR‑876‑5p as a potential miRNA modulator of CKα expression in the cells, and may be relevant for the design of more effective anticancer strategy targeting CK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharzehan Mohamad Ayub Khan
- School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia
| | - Ling Ling Few
- School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia
| | - Wei Cun See Too
- School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia
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Koch K, Hartmann R, Schröter F, Suwala AK, Maciaczyk D, Krüger AC, Willbold D, Kahlert UD, Maciaczyk J. Reciprocal regulation of the cholinic phenotype and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in glioblastoma cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:73414-73431. [PMID: 27705917 PMCID: PMC5341988 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant brain tumor with very limited therapeutic options. Standard multimodal treatments, including surgical resection and combined radio-chemotherapy do not target the most aggressive subtype of glioma cells, brain tumor stem cells (BTSCs). BTSCs are thought to be responsible for tumor initiation, progression, and relapse. Furthermore, they have been associated with the expression of mesenchymal features as a result of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) thereby inducing tumor dissemination and chemo resistance. Using high resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR) on GBM cell cultures we provide evidence that the expression of well-known EMT activators of the ZEB, TWIST and SNAI families and EMT target genes N-cadherin and VIMENTIN is associated with aberrant choline metabolism. The cholinic phenotype is characterized by high intracellular levels of phosphocholine and total choline derivatives and was associated with malignancy in various cancers. Both genetic and pharmacological inhibition of the cardinal choline metabolism regulator choline kinase alpha (CHKα) significantly reduces the cell viability, invasiveness, clonogenicity, and expression of EMT associated genes in GBM cells. Moreover, in some cell lines synergetic cytotoxic effects were observed when combining the standard of care chemotherapeutic temozolomide with the CHKα inhibitor V-11-0711. Taken together, specific inhibition of the enzymatic activity of CHKα is a powerful strategy to suppress EMT which opens the possibility to target chemo-resistant BTSCs through impairing their mesenchymal transdifferentiation. Moreover, the newly identified EMT-oncometabolic network may be helpful to monitor the invasive properties of glioblastomas and the success of anti-EMT therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Koch
- Neurosurgery Department, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Rudolf Hartmann
- Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-6) Structural Biochemistry, Forschungszentrum Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Friederike Schröter
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Abigail Kora Suwala
- Neurosurgery Department, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Donata Maciaczyk
- Neurosurgery Department, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Dieter Willbold
- Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-6) Structural Biochemistry, Forschungszentrum Juelich, Juelich, Germany.,Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulf Dietrich Kahlert
- Neurosurgery Department, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany.,Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Maciaczyk
- Neurosurgery Department, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
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Hu L, Wang RY, Cai J, Feng D, Yang GZ, Xu QG, Zhai YX, Zhang Y, Zhou WP, Cai QP. Overexpression of CHKA contributes to tumor progression and metastasis and predicts poor prognosis in colorectal carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:66660-66678. [PMID: 27556502 PMCID: PMC5341828 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant expression of choline kinase alpha (CHKA) has been reported in a variety of human malignancies including colorectal carcinoma (CRC). However, the role of CHKA in the progression and prognosis of CRC remains unknown. In this study, we found that CHKA was frequently upregulated in CRC clinical samples and CRC-derived cell lines and was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis (p = 0.028), TNM stage (p = 0.009), disease recurrence (p = 0.004) and death (p < 0.001). Survival analyses indicated that patients with higher CHKA expression had a significantly shorter disease-free survival (DFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) than those with lower CHKA expression. Multivariate analyses confirmed that increased CHKA expression was an independent unfavorable prognostic factor for CRC patients. In addition, combination of CHKA with TNM stage was a more powerful predictor of poor prognosis than either parameter alone. Functional study demonstrated that knockdown of CHKA expression profoundly suppressed the growth and metastasis of CRC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic investigation revealed that EGFR/PI3K/AKT pathway was essential for mediating CHKA function. In conclusion, our results provide the first evidence that CHKA contributes to tumor progression and metastasis and may serve as a novel prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Hu
- Anal-Colorectal Surgery Institute, 150th Hospital of PLA, Luoyang, China.,Department of Gastrointestine Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruo-Yu Wang
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Cai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Feng
- Department of Oncology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang-Zhen Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, 150th Hospital of PLA, Luoyang, China
| | - Qing-Guo Xu
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Xia Zhai
- Anal-Colorectal Surgery Institute, 150th Hospital of PLA, Luoyang, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Anal-Colorectal Surgery Institute, 150th Hospital of PLA, Luoyang, China
| | - Wei-Ping Zhou
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-Ping Cai
- Department of Gastrointestine Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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21
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Nicolini A, Ferrari P, Diodati L, Carpi A. Recent Advances in Comprehending the Signaling Pathways Involved in the Progression of Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2321. [PMID: 29099748 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This review describes recent advances in the comprehension of signaling pathways involved in breast cancer progression. Calcium sensing receptor (CaSR), caveolae signaling, signaling referred to hypoxia-inducing factors and disturbances in the apoptotic machinery are related to more general biological mechanisms and are considered first. The others refer to signaling pathways of more specific biological mechanisms, namely the heparin/heparin-sulfate interactome, over-expression of miRNA-378a-5p, restriction of luminal and basal epithelial cells, fatty-acid synthesis, molecular pathways related to epithelial to mesenchimal transition (EMT), HER-2/neu gene amplification and protein expression, and the expression of other members of the epithelial growth factor receptor family. This progress in basic research is fundamental to foster the ongoing efforts that use the new genotyping technologies, and aim at defining new prognostic and predictive biomarkers for a better personalized management of breast cancer disease.
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Dietz C, Ehret F, Palmas F, Vandergrift LA, Jiang Y, Schmitt V, Dufner V, Habbel P, Nowak J, Cheng LL. Applications of high-resolution magic angle spinning MRS in biomedical studies II-Human diseases. NMR Biomed 2017; 30:10.1002/nbm.3784. [PMID: 28915318 PMCID: PMC5690552 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution magic angle spinning (HRMAS) MRS is a powerful method for gaining insight into the physiological and pathological processes of cellular metabolism. Given its ability to obtain high-resolution spectra of non-liquid biological samples, while preserving tissue architecture for subsequent histopathological analysis, the technique has become invaluable for biochemical and biomedical studies. Using HRMAS MRS, alterations in measured metabolites, metabolic ratios, and metabolomic profiles present the possibility to improve identification and prognostication of various diseases and decipher the metabolomic impact of drug therapies. In this review, we evaluate HRMAS MRS results on human tissue specimens from malignancies and non-localized diseases reported in the literature since the inception of the technique in 1996. We present the diverse applications of the technique in understanding pathological processes of different anatomical origins, correlations with in vivo imaging, effectiveness of therapies, and progress in the HRMAS methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Dietz
- Departments of Radiology and Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard-MIT Health Sciences & Technology, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Felix Ehret
- Departments of Radiology and Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard-MIT Health Sciences & Technology, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Francesco Palmas
- Departments of Radiology and Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard-MIT Health Sciences & Technology, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Sardinia, 09042 Italy
| | - Lindsey A. Vandergrift
- Departments of Radiology and Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard-MIT Health Sciences & Technology, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Yanni Jiang
- Departments of Radiology and Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard-MIT Health Sciences & Technology, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029 China
| | - Vanessa Schmitt
- Departments of Radiology and Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard-MIT Health Sciences & Technology, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Vera Dufner
- Departments of Radiology and Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard-MIT Health Sciences & Technology, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Charité Medical University of Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Piet Habbel
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Charité Medical University of Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Nowak
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Leo L. Cheng
- Departments of Radiology and Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard-MIT Health Sciences & Technology, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
- Corresponding Author: Leo L. Cheng, PhD, 149 13 Street, CNY-6, Charlestown, MA 02129, Ph.617-724-6593, Fax.617-726-5684,
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Arlauckas SP, Kumar M, Popov AV, Poptani H, Delikatny EJ. Near infrared fluorescent imaging of choline kinase alpha expression and inhibition in breast tumors. Oncotarget 2017; 8:16518-16530. [PMID: 28157707 PMCID: PMC5369982 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Choline kinase alpha (ChoKα) overexpression is associated with an aggressive tumor phenotype. ChoKα inhibitors induce apoptosis in tumors, however validation of their specificity is difficult in vivo. We report the use of optical imaging to assess ChoKα status in cells and in vivo using JAS239, a carbocyanine-based ChoKα inhibitor with inherent near infrared fluorescence. JAS239 attenuated choline phosphorylation and viability in a panel of human breast cancer cell lines. Antibody blockade prevented cellular retention of JAS239 indicating direct interaction with ChoKα independent of the choline transporters and catabolic choline pathways. In mice bearing orthotopic MCF7 breast xenografts, optical imaging with JAS239 distinguished tumors overexpressing ChoKα from their empty vector counterparts and delineated tumor margins. Pharmacological inhibition of ChoK by the established inhibitor MN58b led to a growth inhibition in 4175-Luc+ tumors that was accompanied by concomitant reduction in JAS239 uptake and decreased total choline metabolite levels as measured using magnetic resonance spectroscopy. At higher therapeutic doses, JAS239 was as effective as MN58b at arresting tumor growth and inducing apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 tumors, significantly reducing tumor choline below baseline levels without observable systemic toxicity. These data introduce a new method to monitor therapeutically effective inhibitors of choline metabolism in breast cancer using a small molecule companion diagnostic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean P Arlauckas
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Anatoliy V Popov
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Harish Poptani
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Edward J Delikatny
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Choi JS, Yoon D, Koo JS, Kim S, Park VY, Kim EK, Kim S, Kim MJ. Magnetic resonance metabolic profiling of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer: correlation with currently used molecular markers. Oncotarget 2017; 8:63405-63416. [PMID: 28969000 PMCID: PMC5609932 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancers overall have a good prognosis, however, some patients suffer relapses and do not respond to endocrine therapy. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there are any correlations between high-resolution magic angle spinning (HR-MAS) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) metabolic profiles of core needle biopsy (CNB) specimens and the molecular markers currently used in patients with ER-positive breast cancers. The metabolic profiling of CNB samples from 62 ER-positive cancers was performed by HR-MAS MRS. Metabolic profiles were compared according to human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and Ki-67 status, and luminal type, using the Mann-Whitney test. Multivariate analysis was performed with orthogonal projections to latent structure-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). In univariate analysis, the HER2-positive group was shown to have higher levels of glycine and glutamate, compared to the HER2-negative group (P<0.01, and P <0.01, respectively). The high Ki-67 group showed higher levels of glutamate than the low Ki-67 group without statistical significance. Luminal B cancers showed higher levels of glycine (P=0.01) than luminal A cancers. In multivariate analysis, the OPLS-DA models built with HR-MAS MR metabolic profiles showed visible discrimination between the subgroups according to HER2 and Ki-67 status, and luminal type. This study showed that the metabolic profiles of CNB samples assessed by HR-MAS MRS can be used to detect potential prognostic biomarkers as well as to understand the difference in metabolic mechanism among subtypes of ER-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Soo Choi
- Department of Radiology, Breast Cancer Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dahye Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Proteome Biophysics and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Ja Seung Koo
- Department of Pathology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Siwon Kim
- Department of Forensic Chemistry, National Forensic Service Busan Institute, Yangsan-si, Korea
| | - Vivian Youngjean Park
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Kim
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Suhkmann Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Proteome Biophysics and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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25
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Kim HS, Tian L, Kim H, Moon WK. Investigation of discriminant metabolites in tamoxifen-resistant and choline kinase-alpha-downregulated breast cancer cells using 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179773. [PMID: 28644842 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolites linked to changes in choline kinase-α (CK-α) expression and drug resistance, which contribute to survival and autophagy mechanisms, are attractive targets for breast cancer therapies. We previously reported that autophagy played a causative role in driving tamoxifen (TAM) resistance of breast cancer cells (BCCs) and was also promoted by CK-α knockdown, resulting in the survival of TAM-resistant BCCs. There is no comparative study yet about the metabolites resulting from BCCs with TAM-resistance and CK-α knockdown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the discriminant metabolic biomarkers responsible for TAM resistance as well as CK-α expression, which might be linked with autophagy through a protective role. A total of 33 intracellular metabolites, including a range of amino acids, energy metabolism-related molecules and others from cell extracts of the parental cells (MCF-7), TAM-resistant cells (MCF-7/TAM) and CK-α knockdown cells (MCF-7/shCK-α, MCF-7/TAM/shCK-α) were analyzed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMRS). Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) revealed the existence of differences in the intracellular metabolites to separate the 4 groups: MCF-7 cells, MCF-7/TAM cells, MCF-7-shCK-α cells, and MCF-7/TAM/shCK-α cells. The metabolites with VIP>1 contributed most to the differentiation of the cell groups, and they included fumarate, UA (unknown A), lactate, myo-inositol, glycine, phosphocholine, UE (unknown E), glutamine, formate, and AXP (AMP/ADP/ATP). Our results suggest that these altered metabolites would be promising metabolic biomarkers for a targeted therapeutic strategy in BCCs that exhibit TAM-resistance and aberrant CK-α expression, which triggers a survival and drug resistance mechanism.
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Abstract
The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is expressed in normal breast epithelial cells and in breast cancer cells. During lactation, activation of the CaSR in mammary epithelial cells increases calcium transport into milk and inhibits parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) secretion into milk and into the circulation. The ability to sense changes in extracellular calcium allows the lactating breast to actively participate in the regulation of systemic calcium and bone metabolism, and to coordinate calcium usage with calcium availability during milk production. Interestingly, as compared to normal breast cells, in breast cancer cells, the regulation of PTHrP secretion by the CaSR becomes rewired due to a switch in its G-protein usage such that activation of the CaSR increases instead of decreases PTHrP production. In normal cells the CaSR couples to Gαi to inhibit cAMP and PTHrP production, whereas in breast cancer cells, it couples to Gαs to stimulate cAMP and PTHrP production. Activation of the CaSR on breast cancer cells regulates breast cancer cell proliferation, death and migration, in part, by stimulating PTHrP production. In this article, we discuss the biology of the CaSR in the normal breast and in breast cancer, and review recent findings suggesting that the CaSR activates a nuclear pathway of PTHrP action that stimulates cellular proliferation and inhibits cell death, helping cancer cells adapt to elevated extracellular calcium levels. Understanding the diverse actions mediated by the CaSR may help us better understand lactation physiology, breast cancer progression and osteolytic bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonnam Kim
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine New Haven, CT, USA
| | - John J Wysolmerski
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine New Haven, CT, USA
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Cao MD, Cheng M, Rizwan A, Jiang L, Krishnamachary B, Bhujwalla ZM, Bathen TF, Glunde K. Targeting choline phospholipid metabolism: GDPD5 and GDPD6 silencing decrease breast cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. NMR Biomed 2016; 29:1098-107. [PMID: 27356959 PMCID: PMC5555158 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal choline phospholipid metabolism is associated with oncogenesis and tumor progression. We have investigated the effects of targeting choline phospholipid metabolism by silencing two glycerophosphodiesterase genes, GDPD5 and GDPD6, using small interfering RNA (siRNA) in two breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. Treatment with GDPD5 and GDPD6 siRNA resulted in significant increases in glycerophosphocholine (GPC) levels, and no change in the levels of phosphocholine or free choline, which further supports their role as GPC-specific regulators in breast cancer. The GPC levels were increased more than twofold during GDPD6 silencing, and marginally increased during GDPD5 silencing. DNA laddering was negative in both cell lines treated with GDPD5 and GDPD6 siRNA, indicating absence of apoptosis. Treatment with GDPD5 siRNA caused a decrease in cell viability in MCF-7 cells, while GDPD6 siRNA treatment had no effect on cell viability in either cell line. Decreased cell migration and invasion were observed in MDA-MB-231 cells treated with GDPD5 or GDPD6 siRNA, where a more pronounced reduction in cell migration and invasion was observed under GDPD5 siRNA treatment as compared with GDPD6 siRNA treatment. In conclusion, GDPD6 silencing increased the GPC levels in breast cancer cells more profoundly than GDPD5 silencing, while the effects of GDPD5 silencing on cell viability/proliferation, migration, and invasion were more severe than those of GDPD6 silencing. Our results suggest that silencing GDPD5 and GDPD6 alone or in combination may have potential as a new molecular targeting strategy for breast cancer treatment. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dung Cao
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Menglin Cheng
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Corresponding address: Kristine Glunde, Ph.D., The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Radiology Department, 720 Rutland Avenue, Traylor Building, Room 203, Baltimore, MD 21205, U.S.A., phone: +1 410 614 2705, fax: +1 410 614 1948,
| | - Asif Rizwan
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lu Jiang
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Balaji Krishnamachary
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zaver M. Bhujwalla
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tone F. Bathen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kristine Glunde
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Corresponding address: Kristine Glunde, Ph.D., The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Radiology Department, 720 Rutland Avenue, Traylor Building, Room 203, Baltimore, MD 21205, U.S.A., phone: +1 410 614 2705, fax: +1 410 614 1948,
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28
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Shah T, Wildes F, Kakkad S, Artemov D, Bhujwalla ZM. Lymphatic endothelial cells actively regulate prostate cancer cell invasion. NMR Biomed 2016; 29:904-911. [PMID: 27149683 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Lymphatic vessels serve as the primary route for metastatic spread to lymph nodes. However, it is not clear how interactions between cancer cells and lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), especially within hypoxic microenvironments, affect the invasion of cancer cells. Here, using an MR compatible cell perfusion assay, we investigated the role of LEC-prostate cancer (PCa) cell interaction in the invasion and degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) by two human PCa cell lines, PC-3 and DU-145, under normoxia and hypoxia, and determined the metabolic changes that occurred under these conditions. We observed a significant increase in the invasion of ECM by invasive PC-3 cells, but not poorly invasive DU-145 cells when human dermal lymphatic microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC-dlys) were present. Enhanced degradation of ECM by PC-3 cells in the presence of HMVEC-dlys identified interactions between HMVEC-dlys and PCa cells influencing cancer cell invasion. The enhanced ECM degradation was partly attributed to increased MMP-9 enzymatic activity in PC-3 cells when HMVEC-dlys were in close proximity. Significantly higher uPAR and MMP-9 expression levels observed in PC-3 cells compared to DU-145 cells may be one mechanism for increased invasion and degradation of matrigel by these cells irrespective of the presence of HMVEC-dlys. Hypoxia significantly decreased invasion by PC-3 cells, but this decrease was significantly attenuated when HMVEC-dlys were present. Significantly higher phosphocholine was observed in invasive PC-3 cells, while higher glycerophosphocholine was observed in DU-145 cells. These metabolites were not altered in the presence of HMVEC-dlys. Significantly increased lipid levels and lipid droplets were observed in PC-3 and DU-145 cells under hypoxia reflecting an adaptive survival response to oxidative stress. These results suggest that in vivo, invasive cells in or near lymphatic endothelial cells are likely to be more invasive and degrade the ECM to influence the metastatic cascade. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Shah
- JHU ICMIC Program, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Flonne Wildes
- JHU ICMIC Program, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Samata Kakkad
- JHU ICMIC Program, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dmitri Artemov
- JHU ICMIC Program, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zaver M Bhujwalla
- JHU ICMIC Program, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Trousil S, Kaliszczak M, Schug Z, Nguyen QD, Tomasi G, Favicchio R, Brickute D, Fortt R, Twyman FJ, Carroll L, Kalusa A, Navaratnam N, Adejumo T, Carling D, Gottlieb E, Aboagye EO. The novel choline kinase inhibitor ICL-CCIC-0019 reprograms cellular metabolism and inhibits cancer cell growth. Oncotarget 2016; 7:37103-37120. [PMID: 27206796 PMCID: PMC5095062 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The glycerophospholipid phosphatidylcholine is the most abundant phospholipid species of eukaryotic membranes and essential for structural integrity and signaling function of cell membranes required for cancer cell growth. Inhibition of choline kinase alpha (CHKA), the first committed step to phosphatidylcholine synthesis, by the selective small-molecule ICL-CCIC-0019, potently suppressed growth of a panel of 60 cancer cell lines with median GI50 of 1.12 μM and inhibited tumor xenograft growth in mice. ICL-CCIC-0019 decreased phosphocholine levels and the fraction of labeled choline in lipids, and induced G1 arrest, endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis. Changes in phosphocholine cellular levels following treatment could be detected non-invasively in tumor xenografts by [18F]-fluoromethyl-[1,2-2H4]-choline positron emission tomography. Herein, we reveal a previously unappreciated effect of choline metabolism on mitochondria function. Comparative metabolomics demonstrated that phosphatidylcholine pathway inhibition leads to a metabolically stressed phenotype analogous to mitochondria toxin treatment but without reactive oxygen species activation. Drug treatment decreased mitochondria function with associated reduction of citrate synthase expression and AMPK activation. Glucose and acetate uptake were increased in an attempt to overcome the metabolic stress. This study indicates that choline pathway pharmacological inhibition critically affects the metabolic function of the cell beyond reduced synthesis of phospholipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Trousil
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Maciej Kaliszczak
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Zachary Schug
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | - Quang-De Nguyen
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Giampaolo Tomasi
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Rosy Favicchio
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Diana Brickute
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Robin Fortt
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Frazer J. Twyman
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Laurence Carroll
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Andrew Kalusa
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Naveenan Navaratnam
- Cellular Stress Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
| | - Thomas Adejumo
- Cellular Stress Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
| | - David Carling
- Cellular Stress Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
| | - Eyal Gottlieb
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | - Eric O. Aboagye
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
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30
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Yu Y, Skočaj M, Kreft ME, Resnik N, Veranič P, Franceschi P, Sepčić K, Guella G. Comparative lipidomic study of urothelial cancer models: association with urothelial cancer cell invasiveness. Mol BioSyst 2016; 12:3266-3279. [DOI: 10.1039/c6mb00477f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A joint NMR/LC-MS approach allows to establish significant differences in the lipidoma of invasive urothelial carcinoma cells (T24) with respect to noninvasive urothelial cells (RT4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Physics
- University of Trento
- Trento
- Italy
| | - Matej Skočaj
- Institute of Cell Biology
- Faculty of Medicine
- University of Ljubljana
- Ljubljana
- Slovenia
| | - Mateja Erdani Kreft
- Institute of Cell Biology
- Faculty of Medicine
- University of Ljubljana
- Ljubljana
- Slovenia
| | - Nataša Resnik
- Institute of Cell Biology
- Faculty of Medicine
- University of Ljubljana
- Ljubljana
- Slovenia
| | - Peter Veranič
- Institute of Cell Biology
- Faculty of Medicine
- University of Ljubljana
- Ljubljana
- Slovenia
| | - Pietro Franceschi
- Biostatistics and Data Management
- Research and Innovation Centre-Fondazione Edmund Mach
- S. Michele all'Adige
- Italy
| | - Kristina Sepčić
- Department of Biology
- Biotechnical Faculty
- University of Ljubljana
- Ljubljana
- Slovenia
| | - Graziano Guella
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Physics
- University of Trento
- Trento
- Italy
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Kim HS, Tian L, Jung M, Choi SK, Sun Y, Kim H, Moon WK. Downregulation of Choline Kinase-Alpha Enhances Autophagy in Tamoxifen-Resistant Breast Cancer Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141110. [PMID: 26496360 PMCID: PMC4619766 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Choline kinase-α (Chk-α) and autophagy have gained much attention, as they relate to the drug-resistance of breast cancer. Here, we explored the potential connection between Chk-α and autophagy in the mechanisms driving to tamoxifen (TAM) resistance, in estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer cells (BCCs). Human BCC lines (MCF-7 and TAM-resistant MCF-7 (MCF-7/TAM) cells) were used. Chk-α expression and activity was suppressed by the transduction of shRNA (shChk-α) with lentivirus and treatment with CK37, a Chk-α inhibitor. MCF-7/TAM cells had higher Chk-α expression and phosphocholine levels than MCF-7 cells. A specific downregulation of Chk-α by the transduction of shChk-α exhibited a significant decrease in phosphocholine levels in MCF-7 and MCF-7/TAM cells. The autophagy-related protein, cleaved microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) and autophagosome-like structures were significantly increased in shChk-α-transduced or CK37-treated MCF-7 and MCF-7/TAM cells. The downregulation of Chk-α attenuated the phosphorylation of AKT, ERK1/2, and mTOR in both MCF-7 and MCF-7/TAM cells. In MCF-7 cells, the downregulation of Chk-α resulted in an induction of autophagy, a decreased proliferation ability and an activation of caspase-3. In MCF-7/TAM cells, despite a significant decrease in proliferation ability and an increase in the percentage of cells in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle, the downregulation of Chk-α did not induced caspase-dependent cell death and further enhanced autophagy and G0/G1 phase arrest. An autophagy inhibitor, methyladenine (3-MA) induced death and attenuated the level of elevated LC3 in MCF-7/TAM cells. Elucidating the interplay between choline metabolism and autophagy will provide unique opportunities to identify new therapeutic targets and develop novel treatment strategies that preferentially target TAM-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoe Suk Kim
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110–744, Korea
| | - Lianji Tian
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110–799, Korea
| | - Minji Jung
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110–799, Korea
| | - Sul Ki Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110–799, Korea
| | - Yujin Sun
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110–744, Korea
| | - Hyeonjin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110–799, Korea
| | - Woo Kyung Moon
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110–799, Korea
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110–744, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Yang ZX, Sun YH, He JG, Cao H, Jiang GQ. Increased activity of CHK enhances the radioresistance of MCF-7 breast cancer stem cells. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:3443-3449. [PMID: 26788148 PMCID: PMC4665200 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The resistance of breast cancer to radiotherapy remains a major obstacle to successful cancer management. Radiotherapy may result in DNA damage and activate breast cancer stem cells. DNA damage may lead to activation of the checkpoint kinase (CHK) signaling pathway, of which debromohymenialdisine (DBH) is a specific inhibitor. Radiotherapy also increases the expression of phosphorylated CHK1/2 (pCHK1/2) in the breast cancer cell line, MCF-7, in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. DBH is a relatively stable effective inhibitor that significantly reduces pCHK1/2 expression and MCF-7 proliferation. Low-dose radiotherapy combined with DBH resulted in a higher MCF-7 inhibition rate compared with high-dose radiation alone. This result indicates that the inhibition of the CHK1/2 signal pathway may significantly reduce DNA damage within radiated cells. Radiotherapy may also regulate the proportion of CD44+/CD24− MCF-7 cancer stem cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. However, the stem cell proportion of MCF-7 cells was significantly reduced by treatment with DBH. The inhibition is relatively stable and time dependent. Significant reductions were observed after 3 days of culture (P<0.01). The results of the present study indicate that the DBH-induced downregulation of CHK may provide a novel method of enhancing the effect of radiotherapy and reducing stem cell survival in the MCF-7 cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Xue Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Hui Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Gang He
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Hua Cao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Qin Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
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Cao MD, Lamichhane S, Lundgren S, Bofin A, Fjøsne H, Giskeødegård GF, Bathen TF. Metabolic characterization of triple negative breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:941. [PMID: 25495193 PMCID: PMC4295321 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aims of this study were to characterize the metabolite profiles of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and to investigate the metabolite profiles associated with human epidermal growth factor receptor-2/neu (HER-2) overexpression using ex vivo high resolution magic angle spinning magnetic resonance spectroscopy (HR MAS MRS). Metabolic alterations caused by the different estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR) and HER-2 receptor statuses were also examined. To investigate the metabolic differences between two distinct receptor groups, TNBC tumors were compared to tumors with ERpos/PgRpos/HER-2pos status which for the sake of simplicity is called triple positive breast cancer (TPBC). Methods The study included 75 breast cancer patients without known distant metastases. HR MAS MRS was performed for identification and quantification of the metabolite content in the tumors. Multivariate partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) modeling and relative metabolite quantification were used to analyze the MR data. Results Choline levels were found to be higher in TNBC compared to TPBC tumors, possibly related to cell proliferation and oncogenic signaling. In addition, TNBC tumors contain a lower level of Glutamine and a higher level of Glutamate compared to TPBC tumors, which indicate an increase in glutaminolysis metabolism. The development of glutamine dependent cell growth or “Glutamine addiction” has been suggested as a new therapeutic target in cancer. Our results show that the metabolite profiles associated with HER-2 overexpression may affect the metabolic characterization of TNBC. High Glycine levels were found in HER-2pos tumors, which support Glycine as potential marker for tumor aggressiveness. Conclusions Metabolic alterations caused by the individual and combined receptors involved in breast cancer progression can provide a better understanding of the biochemical changes underlying the different breast cancer subtypes. Studies are needed to validate the potential of metabolic markers as targets for personalized treatment of breast cancer subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D Cao
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
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Abstract
Choline kinase alpha (ChoK) expression is increasingly being recognized as an important indicator of breast cancer prognosis; however, previous efforts to noninvasively measure ChoK status have been complicated by the spectral limitations of in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and the complex network of enzymes involved in choline metabolism. The most effective ChoK inhibitors are symmetric and contain quaternary ammonium groups within heterocyclic head groups connected by an aliphatic spacer. Characterization of these bis-pyridinium and bis-quinolinium compounds has led to phase I clinical trials to assess small-molecule inhibitors of ChoK for solid tumor treatment. We report the development of a novel carbocyanine dye, JAS239, whose bis-indolium structure conforms to the parameters established for ChoK specificity and whose spacer length confers fluorescence in the near-infrared (NIR) window. Fluorimetry and confocal microscopy were used to demonstrate that JAS239 rapidly enters breast cancer cells independent of the choline transporters, with accumulation in the cytosolic space where ChoK is active. Radio-tracing and (1)H MRS techniques were used to determine that JAS239 binds and competitively inhibits ChoK intracellularly, preventing choline phosphorylation while inducing cell death in breast cancer cell lines with similar efficacy to known ChoK inhibitors. Fluorescent molecules that report on ChoK status have potential use as companion diagnostics for noninvasive breast tumor staging, because NIR fluorescence allows for detection of real-time probe accumulation in vivo. Furthermore, their ability as novel ChoK inhibitors may prove effective against aggressive, therapy-resistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean P Arlauckas
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Anatoliy V Popov
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Edward J Delikatny
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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Gadiya M, Mori N, Cao MD, Mironchik Y, Kakkad S, Gribbestad IS, Glunde K, Krishnamachary B, Bhujwalla ZM. Phospholipase D1 and choline kinase-α are interactive targets in breast cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 2014; 15:593-601. [PMID: 24556997 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.28165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A consistent metabolic hallmark observed in multiple cancers is the increase of cellular phosphocholine (PC) and total choline-containing compounds (tCho), which is closely related to malignant transformation, invasion, and metastasis. Enzymes in choline phospholipid metabolism present attractive targets to exploit for treatment, but require a clear understanding of the mechanisms underlying the altered choline phospholipid metabolism observed in cancer. Choline kinase-α (Chk-α) is an enzyme in the Kennedy pathway that phosphorylates free choline (Cho) to PC, and its upregulation in several cancers is a major contributor to increased PC levels. Similarly, increased expression and activity of phospholipase D1 (PLD1), which converts phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) to phosphatidic acid (PA) and Cho, has been well documented in gastric, ovarian and breast cancer. Here we report a strong correlation between expression of Chk-α and PLD1 with breast cancer malignancy. Data from patient samples established an association between estrogen receptor (ER) status and Chk-α and PLD1 expression. In addition, these two enzymes were found to be interactive. Downregulation of Chk-α with siRNA increased PLD1 expression, and downregulation of PLD1 increased Chk-α expression. Simultaneous silencing of PLD1 and Chk-α in MDA-MB-231 cells increased apoptosis as detected by the TUNEL assay. These data provide new insights into choline phospholipid metabolism of breast cancer, and support multiple targeting of enzymes in choline phospholipid metabolism as a strategy for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayur Gadiya
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research; The Johns Hopkins University In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Center; Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science; The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Noriko Mori
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research; The Johns Hopkins University In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Center; Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science; The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Maria D Cao
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging; Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU); Trondheim, Norway
| | - Yelena Mironchik
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research; The Johns Hopkins University In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Center; Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science; The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Samata Kakkad
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research; The Johns Hopkins University In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Center; Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science; The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Ingrid S Gribbestad
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging; Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU); Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kristine Glunde
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research; The Johns Hopkins University In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Center; Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science; The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center; The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Balaji Krishnamachary
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research; The Johns Hopkins University In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Center; Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science; The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Zaver M Bhujwalla
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research; The Johns Hopkins University In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Center; Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science; The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center; The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA
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Choi JS, Baek HM, Kim S, Kim MJ, Youk JH, Moon HJ, Kim EK, Nam YK. Magnetic resonance metabolic profiling of breast cancer tissue obtained with core needle biopsy for predicting pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83866. [PMID: 24367616 PMCID: PMC3868575 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether metabolic profiling of core needle biopsy (CNB) samples using high-resolution magic angle spinning (HR-MAS) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) could be used for predicting pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in patients with locally advanced breast cancer. After institutional review board approval and informed consent were obtained, CNB tissue samples were collected from 37 malignant lesions in 37 patients before NAC treatment. The metabolic profiling of CNB samples were performed by HR-MAS MRS. Metabolic profiles were compared according to pathologic response to NAC using the Mann-Whitney test. Multivariate analysis was performed with orthogonal projections to latent structure-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). Various metabolites including choline-containing compounds were identified and quantified by HR-MAS MRS in all 37 breast cancer tissue samples obtained by CNB. In univariate analysis, the metabolite concentrations and metabolic ratios of CNB samples obtained with HR-MAS MRS were not significantly different between different pathologic response groups. However, there was a trend of lower levels of phosphocholine/creatine ratio and choline-containing metabolite concentrations in the pathologic complete response group compared to the non-pathologic complete response group. In multivariate analysis, the OPLS-DA models built with HR-MAS MR metabolic profiles showed visible discrimination between the pathologic response groups. This study showed OPLS-DA multivariate analysis using metabolic profiles of pretreatment CNB samples assessed by HR- MAS MRS may be used to predict pathologic response before NAC, although we did not identify the metabolite showing statistical significance in univariate analysis. Therefore, our preliminary results raise the necessity of further study on HR-MAS MR metabolic profiling of CNB samples for a large number of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Soo Choi
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeon-Man Baek
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chungbuk, Korea
- Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Suhkmann Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Ji Hyun Youk
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Jung Moon
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Kim
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Schiaffino-Ortega S, López-Cara LC, Ríos-Marco P, Carrasco-Jimenez MP, Gallo MA, Espinosa A, Marco C, Entrena A. New non-symmetrical choline kinase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:7146-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Shchepin RV, Chekmenev EY. Synthetic approach for unsaturated precursors for parahydrogen induced polarization of choline and its analogs. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2013; 56:655-62. [PMID: 25196027 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Reported here are (i) a new synthetic approach for preparation of (ii) a new compound class, of -OH, for example, an -OH group is replaced with acetyl protecting group, protected 1,2-dehydrocholine analogs and (iii) a new synthetic route for betaine aldehyde. The CC bond of 1,2-dehydrocholine moiety can be used for molecular addition of parahydrogen producing -OH protected hyperpolarized choline by parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP). The reported synthetic approach allows for incorporation of (15) N and deuterium labels, which are necessary for preparation of highly polarized PHIP contrast agents. Isotope labeling with (15) N and/or deuterium was conducted. Hyperpolarized (15) N-choline enabled by the reported synthetic approach can be potentially used as an imaging biomarker of cancer similar to choline positron emission tomography tracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman V Shchepin
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
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Keshari KR, Sriram R, Koelsch BL, Van Criekinge M, Wilson DM, Kurhanewicz J, Wang ZJ. Hyperpolarized 13C-pyruvate magnetic resonance reveals rapid lactate export in metastatic renal cell carcinomas. Cancer Res 2012. [PMID: 23204238 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-3461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinomas (RCC) are a heterogeneous group of tumors with a wide range of aggressiveness. Noninvasive methods to confidently predict the tumor biologic behavior and select appropriate treatment are lacking. Here, we investigate the dynamic metabolic flux in living RCC cells using hyperpolarized (13)C-pyruvate magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) combined with a bioreactor platform and interrogated the biochemical basis of the MRS data with respect to cancer aggressiveness. RCC cells have significantly higher pyruvate-to-lactate flux than the normal renal tubule cells. Furthermore, a key feature distinguishing the localized from the metastatic RCC cells is the lactate efflux rate, mediated by the monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4). The metastatic RCC cells have significantly higher MCT4 expression and corresponding higher lactate efflux, which is essential for maintaining a high rate of glycolysis. We show that such differential cellular transporter expression and associated metabolic phenotype can be noninvasively assessed via real-time monitoring of hyperpolarized (13)C-pyruvate-to-lactate flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayvan R Keshari
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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Cadenas C, Vosbeck S, Hein EM, Hellwig B, Langer A, Hayen H, Franckenstein D, Büttner B, Hammad S, Marchan R, Hermes M, Selinski S, Rahnenführer J, Peksel B, Török Z, Vígh L, Hengstler JG. Glycerophospholipid profile in oncogene-induced senescence. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2012; 1821:1256-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2011.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Revised: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Selcuklu SD, Donoghue MTA, Rehmet K, de Souza Gomes M, Fort A, Kovvuru P, Muniyappa MK, Kerin MJ, Enright AJ, Spillane C. MicroRNA-9 inhibition of cell proliferation and identification of novel miR-9 targets by transcriptome profiling in breast cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:29516-28. [PMID: 22761433 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.335943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although underexpression of miR-9 in cancer cells is reported in many cancer types, it is currently difficult to classify miR-9 as a tumor suppressor or an oncomir. We demonstrate that miR-9 expression is down-regulated in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells compared with MCF-10-2A normal breast cell line. Increasing miR-9 expression levels in breast cancer cells induced anti-proliferative, anti-invasive, and pro-apoptotic activity. In addition, microarray profiling of the transcriptome of MCF-7 cells overexpressing miR-9 identified six novel direct miR-9 targets (AP3B1, CCNG1, LARP1, MTHFD1L, MTHFD2, and SRPK1). Among these, MTHFD2 was identified as a miR-9 target gene that affects cell proliferation. Knockdown of MTHFD2 mimicked the effect observed when miR-9 was overexpressed by decreasing cell viability and increasing apoptotic activity. Despite variable effects on different cell lines, proliferative and anti-apoptotic activity of MTHFD2 was demonstrated whereby it could escape from miR-9-directed suppression (by overexpression of MTHFD2 with mutated miR-9 binding sites). Furthermore, endogenous expression levels of miR-9 and MTHFD2 displayed inverse expression profiles in primary breast tumor samples compared with normal breast samples; miR-9 was down-regulated, and MTHFD2 was up-regulated. These results indicate anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activity of miR-9 and that direct targeting of MTHFD2 can contribute to tumor suppressor-like activity of miR-9 in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Duygu Selcuklu
- Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Centre for Chromosome Biology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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Shah T, Stasinopoulos I, Wildes F, Kakkad S, Artemov D, Bhujwalla ZM. Noninvasive imaging identifies new roles for cyclooxygenase-2 in choline and lipid metabolism of human breast cancer cells. NMR Biomed 2012; 25:746-54. [PMID: 21953546 PMCID: PMC4337877 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Revised: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is observed in approximately 40% of breast cancers. A major product of the COX-2-catalyzed reaction, prostaglandin E(2), is an inflammatory mediator that participates in several biological processes, and influences invasion, vascularization and metastasis. Using noninvasive MRI and MRS, we determined the effect of COX-2 downregulation on the metabolism and invasion of intact poorly differentiated MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells stably expressing COX-2 short hairpin RNA. Dynamic tracking of invasion, extracellular matrix degradation and metabolism was performed with an MRI- and MRS-compatible cell perfusion assay under controlled conditions of pH, temperature and oxygenation over the course of 48 h. COX-2-silenced cells exhibited a significant decrease in invasion relative to parental cells that was consistent with the reduced expression of invasion-associated matrix metalloproteinase genes and an increased level of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1. We identified, for the first time, a role for COX-2 in mediating changes in choline phospholipid metabolism, and established that choline kinase expression is partly dependent on COX-2 function. COX-2 silencing resulted in a significant decrease in phosphocholine and total choline that was detected by MRS. In addition, a significant increase in lipids, as well as lipid droplet formation, was observed. COX-2 silencing transformed parental cell metabolite patterns to those characteristic of less aggressive cancer cells. These new functional roles of COX-2 may identify new biomarkers and new targets for use in combination with COX-2 targeting to prevent invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zaver M. Bhujwalla
- Correspondence to: Z. M. Bhujwalla, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 208C Traylor Bldg., 720 Rutland Ave., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Rommel D, Abarca-Quinones J, De Saeger C, Peeters F, Leclercq I, Duprez T. Enhanced choline metabolism in a rodent rhabdomyosarcoma model: correlation between RT-PCR and translational 3 T H-MRS. Magn Reson Imaging 2012; 30:1010-6. [PMID: 22513075 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2012.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Revised: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate which transmembrane choline transporters and intracellular choline kinases play a prominent role at gene expression level in the rise of the total choline (tCho) peak at proton MR spectra in a rodent rhabdomyosarcoma model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-two rats bearing grafted bilateral syngenic rhabdomyosarcoma were examined on a clinical 3 T MR system. Total choline concentration was measured from proton MR spectra using cubic centimeter volumes of interest (VOIs) located contiguously along the greater axis of the tumour. After euthanasia, cubic centimetre tissue specimens corresponding to Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-MRS) VOIs were frozen in liquid nitrogen. Out of 89 H-MRS voxels, only 39 with a corresponding tissue specimen suitable for biochemical processing were included in the analysis. RNA was extracted from all the 39 samples and reverse-transcribed into cDNA. Choline kinase α and β gene expression as well as genes of the transmembrane transporters OCT1, OCT2, OCT3, CTL1, CTL3, CTL4 and CHT1 were studied using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The expression level of each gene (ΔCt), was normalized referred to that of the RPL19 gene. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient was used to analyse variables. RESULTS There was no overexpression of genes coding for kinases; however, significant correlation was observed between kinase α sub-type and the tCho peak (P=.002; r=0.51). OCT1 was the most overexpressed transporter gene. Less overexpressed CTL1 gene was significantly correlated with the tCho peak (P=.02; r=0.38). CONCLUSION Choline transporters seem to play a predominant role in the increase in total choline concentration at the gene expression level in our model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Rommel
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Université Catholique de Louvain, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc Av. Hippocrate, 10, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
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Cao MD, Giskeødegård GF, Bathen TF, Sitter B, Bofin A, Lønning PE, Lundgren S, Gribbestad IS. Prognostic value of metabolic response in breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:39. [PMID: 22277092 PMCID: PMC3307437 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Today's clinical diagnostic tools are insufficient for giving accurate prognosis to breast cancer patients. The aim of our study was to examine the tumor metabolic changes in patients with locally advanced breast cancer caused by neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), relating these changes to clinical treatment response and long-term survival. METHODS Patients (n = 89) participating in a randomized open-label multicenter study were allocated to receive either NAC as epirubicin or paclitaxel monotherapy. Biopsies were excised pre- and post-treatment, and analyzed by high resolution magic angle spinning magnetic resonance spectroscopy (HR MAS MRS). The metabolite profiles were examined by paired and unpaired multivariate methods and findings of important metabolites were confirmed by spectral integration of the metabolite peaks. RESULTS All patients had a significant metabolic response to NAC, and pre- and post-treatment spectra could be discriminated with 87.9%/68.9% classification accuracy by paired/unpaired partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) (p < 0.001). Similar metabolic responses were observed for the two chemotherapeutic agents. The metabolic responses were related to patient outcome. Non-survivors (< 5 years) had increased tumor levels of lactate (p = 0.004) after treatment, while survivors (≥ 5 years) experienced a decrease in the levels of glycine (p = 0.047) and choline-containing compounds (p ≤ 0.013) and an increase in glucose (p = 0.002) levels. The metabolic responses were not related to clinical treatment response. CONCLUSIONS The differences in tumor metabolic response to NAC were associated with breast cancer survival, but not to clinical response. Monitoring metabolic responses to NAC by HR MAS MRS may provide information about tumor biology related to individual prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D Cao
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7489 Trondheim, Norway.
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Cavill R, Kamburov A, Ellis JK, Athersuch TJ, Blagrove MSC, Herwig R, Ebbels TMD, Keun HC. Consensus-phenotype integration of transcriptomic and metabolomic data implies a role for metabolism in the chemosensitivity of tumour cells. PLoS Comput Biol 2011; 7:e1001113. [PMID: 21483477 PMCID: PMC3068923 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1001113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 02/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Using transcriptomic and metabolomic measurements from the NCI60 cell line panel,
together with a novel approach to integration of molecular profile data, we show
that the biochemical pathways associated with tumour cell chemosensitivity to
platinum-based drugs are highly coincident, i.e. they describe a consensus
phenotype. Direct integration of metabolome and transcriptome data at the point
of pathway analysis improved the detection of consensus pathways by 76%,
and revealed associations between platinum sensitivity and several metabolic
pathways that were not visible from transcriptome analysis alone. These pathways
included the TCA cycle and pyruvate metabolism, lipoprotein uptake and
nucleotide synthesis by both salvage and de novo pathways. Extending the
approach across a wide panel of chemotherapeutics, we confirmed the specificity
of the metabolic pathway associations to platinum sensitivity. We conclude that
metabolic phenotyping could play a role in predicting response to platinum
chemotherapy and that consensus-phenotype integration of molecular profiling
data is a powerful and versatile tool for both biomarker discovery and for
exploring the complex relationships between biological pathways and drug
response. Resistance to chemotherapy drugs in cancer sufferers is very common. Using a
panel of 59 cell lines obtained from different types of cancer we study the
links between the genes and metabolites measured in these cells and the
resistance the cells show to common cancer drugs containing platinum. In order
to combine the information given by the genes and metabolites we introduce a new
pathway-based approach, which allows us to explore synergy between the different
types of data. We then extend the procedure to look at a wider panel of drugs
and show that the pathways we found were associated with platinum are not just
the pathways which are frequently selected for a large number of drugs. Given
the increasing use of multiple sets of measurements (genes, metabolites,
proteins etc.) in biological studies, we demonstrate a powerful, yet
straightforward method for dealing with the resulting large datasets and
integrating their knowledge. We believe that this work could contribute to
developing a personalised medicine approach to treating tumours, where the
genetic and metabolic changes in the tumour are measured and then used for
prediction of the optimal treatment regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Cavill
- Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Surgery
and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United
Kingdom
| | - Atanas Kamburov
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics,
Berlin, Germany
| | - James K. Ellis
- Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Surgery
and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United
Kingdom
| | - Toby J. Athersuch
- Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Surgery
and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United
Kingdom
- MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health,
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty
of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ralf Herwig
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics,
Berlin, Germany
| | - Timothy M. D. Ebbels
- Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Surgery
and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United
Kingdom
- * E-mail: (HCK); (TMDE)
| | - Hector C. Keun
- Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Surgery
and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United
Kingdom
- * E-mail: (HCK); (TMDE)
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Gallego-Ortega D, Gómez del Pulgar T, Valdés-Mora F, Cebrián A, Lacal JC. Involvement of human choline kinase alpha and beta in carcinogenesis: a different role in lipid metabolism and biological functions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 51:183-94. [PMID: 21035492 DOI: 10.1016/j.advenzreg.2010.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 09/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We have summarized here the importance of ChoKα1 in human carcinogenesis. ChoKα1 displays its oncogenic activity through activation of specific signaling pathways that influence on cell proliferation and survival. It is overexpressed in a large number of human tumors with an incidence of 40-60% of all tumors investigated. Currently, there is an active effort in the development of strategies to knockdown the activity of ChoKα through specific siRNA or small molecules inhibitors. Results from genetic silencing or from treatment with MN58b, a well characterized ChoKα inhibitor showing antiproliferative and antitumoral effect in mice xenografts, provide strong support to this concept, indicating that the design of new antitumoral drugs must be selective against this isoform. However, affecting the other two known isoforms of ChoK may have also therapeutic consequences since the physiologically active form of ChoK may be constituted by homo or heterodimers. Furthermore, alteration of the ChoKβ activity might lead to a change in the lipid content of the cells of particular tissues such as skeletal muscle as described in the ChoKβ null mice (Sher et al., 2006). Finally, the identification of the ChoKα1 isoform as an excellent novel tool for the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer patients may have clinical consequences of immediate usefulness. On one hand, the use of specific monoclonal antibodies against ChoKα1 as a tool for diagnosis in paraffin embedded samples from patient biopsies, through standard immunohistochemistry techniques, can now be achieved (Gallego-Ortega et al., 2006). On the other hand, it has been recently described the prognostic value of determination of ChoKα1 expression levels in non-small cell lung cancer using real time quantitative PCR technology (Ramírez de Molina et al., 2007). Therefore, further research should be supported on the utility of ChoK isoforms as a promising area to improve cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Too WC, Wong MT, Few LL, Konrad M. Highly specific antibodies for co-detection of human choline kinase α1 and α2 isoforms. PLoS One 2010; 5:e12999. [PMID: 20886003 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2010] [Accepted: 08/31/2010] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Choline kinase is the first enzyme in the CDP-choline pathway that synthesizes phosphatidylcholine, the major phospholipid in eukaryotic cell membranes. In humans, choline kinase exists as three isoforms (CKα1, α2, and β). Specific inhibition of CKα has been reported to selectively kill tumoral cells. Monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against CKα used in previous studies to detect the level of this isozyme in different cellular or biochemical contexts were able to detect either the α1 or the α2 isoform. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study, an antiserum against CKα was produced by immunizing rabbits with denatured, purified recombinant CKα2 full-length protein. This antiserum was highly specific for CKα when tested with extracts from different cell lines, and there was no cross reactivity with purified CKβ and other related proteins like human ethanolamine kinases (EK) and yeast choline or ethanolamine kinases. The antiserum simultaneously detected both CKα1 and α2 isoforms in MCF-7 and HepG2 cell extracts, but not in HeLa, HCT-116, and mouse embryonic stem cell extracts. Subsequent protein dot blot assay of total CKα in a human normal/tumor protein array of 30 tissue samples by using the antiserum showed that CKα was not overexpressed in all tumor tissues when compared to their normal counterparts. Most striking differences between tumor and normal CKα expression levels were observed in kidney (11-fold higher in tumor) and liver (15-fold lower in tumor) samples. Conclusion/Significance Apart from its high sensitivity and specificity, the antiserum produced in this work, which does not require further purification, has the advantage of co-detecting both α1 and α2 isoforms in cell extracts for direct comparison of their expression levels.
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Abstract
A total of 97 patients with diaphyseal tibial fractures treated with functional bracing were studied prospectively. Persistent ipsilateral foot swelling was present in 84.5 per cent of the patients. Most of the swellings subsided with time, but a small percentage of them persisted for a duration of 2 years or more after injury. The time for disappearance of the swelling in 50 per cent of the patients was 18.6 weeks. The development of oedema is not related to the age and sex of the patients, the configuration, type and level of the fractures, or the association of a fibular fracture. The bone healed quicker in those who did not have swelling of the foot. Once the swelling has developed, it seems to run its own course and its disappearance is not related to the age and sex, the configuration, type and level of fractures, the association of a fibular fracture, or the time for fracture healing. This complication does not have any adverse effect on the functional recovery of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- W K Pun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital
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