12
|
Gurney JG, Bass JK, Onar-Thomas A, Huang J, Chintagumpala M, Bouffet E, Hassall T, Gururangan S, Heath JA, Kellie S, Cohn R, Fisher MJ, Panandiker AP, Merchant TE, Srinivasan A, Wetmore C, Qaddoumi I, Stewart CF, Armstrong GT, Broniscer A, Gajjar A. Evaluation of amifostine for protection against cisplatin-induced serious hearing loss in children treated for average-risk or high-risk medulloblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2014; 16:848-55. [PMID: 24414535 PMCID: PMC4022215 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/not241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate amifostine for protection from cisplatin-induced serious hearing loss in patients with average-risk medulloblastoma by extending a previous analysis to a much larger sample size. In addition, this study aimed to assess amifostine with serious hearing loss in patients with high-risk medulloblastoma treated with cisplatin. METHODS Newly diagnosed medulloblastoma patients (n = 379; ages 3-21 years), enrolled on one of 2 sequential St. Jude clinical protocols that included 4 courses of 75 mg/m(2) cisplatin, were compared for hearing loss by whether or not they received 600 mg/m(2) of amifostine immediately before and 3 hours into each cisplatin infusion. Amifostine administration was not randomized. The last audiological evaluation between 5.5 and 24.5 months following protocol treatment initiation was graded using the Chang Ototoxicity Scale. A grade of ≥ 2b (loss requiring a hearing aid or deafness) was considered a serious event. RESULTS Among average-risk patients (n = 263), amifostine was associated with protection from serious hearing loss (adjusted OR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.14-0.64). For high-risk patients (n = 116), however, there was not sufficient evidence to conclude that amifostine prevented serious hearing loss (OR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.31-2.54). CONCLUSIONS Although patients in this study were not randomly assigned to amifostine treatment, we found evidence in favor of amifostine administration for protection against cisplatin-induced serious hearing loss in average-risk but not in high-risk, medulloblastoma patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James G Gurney
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.G.G., G.T.A.); Department of Rehabilitation Service, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.K.B.); Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (A.O.-T., J.H.); Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.W., I.Q., G.T.A., A.B., A.G.); Department of Radiological Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee, (A.P.P., T.E.M.); Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tenneessee (A.S.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.F.S.); Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.C.); Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (E.B.); Royal Children's Hospital Brisbane, Herston, Australia (T.H.); The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (S.G.); The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (J.A.H.); Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia (S.K.); Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia (R.C.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.J.F.); School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tenneessee (J.G.G.)
| | - Johnnie K Bass
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.G.G., G.T.A.); Department of Rehabilitation Service, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.K.B.); Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (A.O.-T., J.H.); Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.W., I.Q., G.T.A., A.B., A.G.); Department of Radiological Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee, (A.P.P., T.E.M.); Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tenneessee (A.S.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.F.S.); Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.C.); Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (E.B.); Royal Children's Hospital Brisbane, Herston, Australia (T.H.); The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (S.G.); The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (J.A.H.); Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia (S.K.); Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia (R.C.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.J.F.); School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tenneessee (J.G.G.)
| | - Arzu Onar-Thomas
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.G.G., G.T.A.); Department of Rehabilitation Service, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.K.B.); Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (A.O.-T., J.H.); Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.W., I.Q., G.T.A., A.B., A.G.); Department of Radiological Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee, (A.P.P., T.E.M.); Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tenneessee (A.S.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.F.S.); Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.C.); Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (E.B.); Royal Children's Hospital Brisbane, Herston, Australia (T.H.); The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (S.G.); The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (J.A.H.); Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia (S.K.); Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia (R.C.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.J.F.); School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tenneessee (J.G.G.)
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.G.G., G.T.A.); Department of Rehabilitation Service, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.K.B.); Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (A.O.-T., J.H.); Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.W., I.Q., G.T.A., A.B., A.G.); Department of Radiological Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee, (A.P.P., T.E.M.); Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tenneessee (A.S.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.F.S.); Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.C.); Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (E.B.); Royal Children's Hospital Brisbane, Herston, Australia (T.H.); The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (S.G.); The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (J.A.H.); Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia (S.K.); Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia (R.C.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.J.F.); School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tenneessee (J.G.G.)
| | - Murali Chintagumpala
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.G.G., G.T.A.); Department of Rehabilitation Service, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.K.B.); Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (A.O.-T., J.H.); Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.W., I.Q., G.T.A., A.B., A.G.); Department of Radiological Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee, (A.P.P., T.E.M.); Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tenneessee (A.S.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.F.S.); Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.C.); Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (E.B.); Royal Children's Hospital Brisbane, Herston, Australia (T.H.); The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (S.G.); The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (J.A.H.); Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia (S.K.); Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia (R.C.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.J.F.); School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tenneessee (J.G.G.)
| | - Eric Bouffet
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.G.G., G.T.A.); Department of Rehabilitation Service, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.K.B.); Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (A.O.-T., J.H.); Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.W., I.Q., G.T.A., A.B., A.G.); Department of Radiological Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee, (A.P.P., T.E.M.); Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tenneessee (A.S.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.F.S.); Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.C.); Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (E.B.); Royal Children's Hospital Brisbane, Herston, Australia (T.H.); The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (S.G.); The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (J.A.H.); Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia (S.K.); Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia (R.C.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.J.F.); School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tenneessee (J.G.G.)
| | - Tim Hassall
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.G.G., G.T.A.); Department of Rehabilitation Service, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.K.B.); Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (A.O.-T., J.H.); Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.W., I.Q., G.T.A., A.B., A.G.); Department of Radiological Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee, (A.P.P., T.E.M.); Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tenneessee (A.S.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.F.S.); Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.C.); Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (E.B.); Royal Children's Hospital Brisbane, Herston, Australia (T.H.); The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (S.G.); The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (J.A.H.); Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia (S.K.); Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia (R.C.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.J.F.); School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tenneessee (J.G.G.)
| | - Sridharan Gururangan
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.G.G., G.T.A.); Department of Rehabilitation Service, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.K.B.); Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (A.O.-T., J.H.); Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.W., I.Q., G.T.A., A.B., A.G.); Department of Radiological Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee, (A.P.P., T.E.M.); Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tenneessee (A.S.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.F.S.); Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.C.); Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (E.B.); Royal Children's Hospital Brisbane, Herston, Australia (T.H.); The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (S.G.); The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (J.A.H.); Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia (S.K.); Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia (R.C.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.J.F.); School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tenneessee (J.G.G.)
| | - John A Heath
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.G.G., G.T.A.); Department of Rehabilitation Service, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.K.B.); Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (A.O.-T., J.H.); Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.W., I.Q., G.T.A., A.B., A.G.); Department of Radiological Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee, (A.P.P., T.E.M.); Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tenneessee (A.S.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.F.S.); Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.C.); Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (E.B.); Royal Children's Hospital Brisbane, Herston, Australia (T.H.); The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (S.G.); The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (J.A.H.); Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia (S.K.); Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia (R.C.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.J.F.); School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tenneessee (J.G.G.)
| | - Stewart Kellie
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.G.G., G.T.A.); Department of Rehabilitation Service, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.K.B.); Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (A.O.-T., J.H.); Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.W., I.Q., G.T.A., A.B., A.G.); Department of Radiological Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee, (A.P.P., T.E.M.); Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tenneessee (A.S.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.F.S.); Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.C.); Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (E.B.); Royal Children's Hospital Brisbane, Herston, Australia (T.H.); The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (S.G.); The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (J.A.H.); Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia (S.K.); Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia (R.C.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.J.F.); School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tenneessee (J.G.G.)
| | - Richard Cohn
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.G.G., G.T.A.); Department of Rehabilitation Service, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.K.B.); Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (A.O.-T., J.H.); Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.W., I.Q., G.T.A., A.B., A.G.); Department of Radiological Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee, (A.P.P., T.E.M.); Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tenneessee (A.S.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.F.S.); Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.C.); Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (E.B.); Royal Children's Hospital Brisbane, Herston, Australia (T.H.); The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (S.G.); The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (J.A.H.); Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia (S.K.); Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia (R.C.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.J.F.); School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tenneessee (J.G.G.)
| | - Michael J Fisher
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.G.G., G.T.A.); Department of Rehabilitation Service, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.K.B.); Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (A.O.-T., J.H.); Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.W., I.Q., G.T.A., A.B., A.G.); Department of Radiological Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee, (A.P.P., T.E.M.); Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tenneessee (A.S.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.F.S.); Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.C.); Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (E.B.); Royal Children's Hospital Brisbane, Herston, Australia (T.H.); The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (S.G.); The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (J.A.H.); Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia (S.K.); Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia (R.C.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.J.F.); School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tenneessee (J.G.G.)
| | - Atmaram Pai Panandiker
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.G.G., G.T.A.); Department of Rehabilitation Service, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.K.B.); Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (A.O.-T., J.H.); Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.W., I.Q., G.T.A., A.B., A.G.); Department of Radiological Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee, (A.P.P., T.E.M.); Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tenneessee (A.S.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.F.S.); Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.C.); Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (E.B.); Royal Children's Hospital Brisbane, Herston, Australia (T.H.); The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (S.G.); The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (J.A.H.); Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia (S.K.); Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia (R.C.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.J.F.); School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tenneessee (J.G.G.)
| | - Thomas E Merchant
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.G.G., G.T.A.); Department of Rehabilitation Service, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.K.B.); Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (A.O.-T., J.H.); Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.W., I.Q., G.T.A., A.B., A.G.); Department of Radiological Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee, (A.P.P., T.E.M.); Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tenneessee (A.S.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.F.S.); Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.C.); Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (E.B.); Royal Children's Hospital Brisbane, Herston, Australia (T.H.); The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (S.G.); The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (J.A.H.); Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia (S.K.); Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia (R.C.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.J.F.); School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tenneessee (J.G.G.)
| | - Ashok Srinivasan
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.G.G., G.T.A.); Department of Rehabilitation Service, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.K.B.); Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (A.O.-T., J.H.); Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.W., I.Q., G.T.A., A.B., A.G.); Department of Radiological Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee, (A.P.P., T.E.M.); Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tenneessee (A.S.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.F.S.); Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.C.); Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (E.B.); Royal Children's Hospital Brisbane, Herston, Australia (T.H.); The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (S.G.); The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (J.A.H.); Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia (S.K.); Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia (R.C.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.J.F.); School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tenneessee (J.G.G.)
| | - Cynthia Wetmore
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.G.G., G.T.A.); Department of Rehabilitation Service, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.K.B.); Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (A.O.-T., J.H.); Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.W., I.Q., G.T.A., A.B., A.G.); Department of Radiological Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee, (A.P.P., T.E.M.); Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tenneessee (A.S.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.F.S.); Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.C.); Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (E.B.); Royal Children's Hospital Brisbane, Herston, Australia (T.H.); The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (S.G.); The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (J.A.H.); Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia (S.K.); Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia (R.C.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.J.F.); School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tenneessee (J.G.G.)
| | - Ibrahim Qaddoumi
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.G.G., G.T.A.); Department of Rehabilitation Service, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.K.B.); Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (A.O.-T., J.H.); Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.W., I.Q., G.T.A., A.B., A.G.); Department of Radiological Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee, (A.P.P., T.E.M.); Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tenneessee (A.S.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.F.S.); Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.C.); Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (E.B.); Royal Children's Hospital Brisbane, Herston, Australia (T.H.); The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (S.G.); The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (J.A.H.); Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia (S.K.); Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia (R.C.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.J.F.); School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tenneessee (J.G.G.)
| | - Clinton F Stewart
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.G.G., G.T.A.); Department of Rehabilitation Service, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.K.B.); Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (A.O.-T., J.H.); Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.W., I.Q., G.T.A., A.B., A.G.); Department of Radiological Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee, (A.P.P., T.E.M.); Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tenneessee (A.S.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.F.S.); Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.C.); Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (E.B.); Royal Children's Hospital Brisbane, Herston, Australia (T.H.); The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (S.G.); The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (J.A.H.); Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia (S.K.); Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia (R.C.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.J.F.); School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tenneessee (J.G.G.)
| | - Gregory T Armstrong
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.G.G., G.T.A.); Department of Rehabilitation Service, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.K.B.); Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (A.O.-T., J.H.); Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.W., I.Q., G.T.A., A.B., A.G.); Department of Radiological Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee, (A.P.P., T.E.M.); Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tenneessee (A.S.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.F.S.); Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.C.); Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (E.B.); Royal Children's Hospital Brisbane, Herston, Australia (T.H.); The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (S.G.); The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (J.A.H.); Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia (S.K.); Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia (R.C.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.J.F.); School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tenneessee (J.G.G.)
| | - Alberto Broniscer
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.G.G., G.T.A.); Department of Rehabilitation Service, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.K.B.); Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (A.O.-T., J.H.); Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.W., I.Q., G.T.A., A.B., A.G.); Department of Radiological Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee, (A.P.P., T.E.M.); Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tenneessee (A.S.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.F.S.); Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.C.); Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (E.B.); Royal Children's Hospital Brisbane, Herston, Australia (T.H.); The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (S.G.); The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (J.A.H.); Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia (S.K.); Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia (R.C.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.J.F.); School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tenneessee (J.G.G.)
| | - Amar Gajjar
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.G.G., G.T.A.); Department of Rehabilitation Service, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.K.B.); Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (A.O.-T., J.H.); Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.W., I.Q., G.T.A., A.B., A.G.); Department of Radiological Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee, (A.P.P., T.E.M.); Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tenneessee (A.S.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.F.S.); Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.C.); Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (E.B.); Royal Children's Hospital Brisbane, Herston, Australia (T.H.); The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (S.G.); The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (J.A.H.); Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia (S.K.); Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia (R.C.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.J.F.); School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tenneessee (J.G.G.)
| |
Collapse
|