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Duan G, Li Y, Ye M, Liu H, Wang N, Luo S. The Regulatory Mechanism of Transthyretin Irreversible Aggregation through Liquid-to-Solid Phase Transition. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043729. [PMID: 36835140 PMCID: PMC9960511 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) aggregation and amyloid formation are associated with several ATTR diseases, such as senile systemic amyloidosis (SSA) and familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP). However, the mechanism that triggers the initial pathologic aggregation process of TTR remains largely elusive. Lately, increasing evidence has suggested that many proteins associated with neurodegenerative diseases undergo liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) and subsequent liquid-to-solid phase transition before the formation of amyloid fibrils. Here, we demonstrate that electrostatic interactions mediate LLPS of TTR, followed by a liquid-solid phase transition, and eventually the formation of amyloid fibrils under a mildly acidic pH in vitro. Furthermore, pathogenic mutations (V30M, R34T, and K35T) of TTR and heparin promote the process of phase transition and facilitate the formation of fibrillar aggregates. In addition, S-cysteinylation, which is a kind of post-translational modification of TTR, reduces the kinetic stability of TTR and increases the propensity for aggregation, while another modification, S-sulfonation, stabilizes the TTR tetramer and reduces the aggregation rate. Once TTR was S-cysteinylated or S-sulfonated, they dramatically underwent the process of phase transition, providing a foundation for post-translational modifications that could modulate TTR LLPS in the context of pathological interactions. These novel findings reveal molecular insights into the mechanism of TTR from initial LLPS and subsequent liquid-to-solid phase transition to amyloid fibrils, providing a new dimension for ATTR therapy.
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2
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Guglielmetti C, Brusadore S, Pezzolato M, Baioni E, Ingravalle F, Acutis PL, Mazza M, Bozzetta E. Validation of serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1 (PON1) as a protein marker of illicit dexamethasone treatment in veal calves. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2022; 39:1065-1073. [PMID: 35412417 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2022.2062057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The illicit use of dexamethasone and other glucocorticoids for cattle fattening in livestock production has been widely described; evidence for illegal treatments can be obtained by direct or indirect detection. In our previous study, we applied two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) to identify plasma protein markers of dexamethasone administration in veal calves. Comparison of 2DE maps obtained from blood samples before and after treatment showed the disappearance of two protein spots identified as serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1 precursor (PON1). In the present study, we validated PON1 as a marker by analysing a larger number of samples treated with dexamethasone for illicit use. Analysis of samples from experimental treatment with other glucocorticoids, androgens and oestrogens confirmed that their influence on PON1 could be excluded. The specificity of the PON1 protein marker was verified on expected negative field samples to exclude interfering factors. However, there is poor statistical evidence to support a significant association between the outcome of PON1 and the considered variables. The results on field samples were compared with histological examination of the thymus as a biomarker of corticosteroid treatment monitored in the Italian histological plan for the control of growth promoters in animals. Two suspect cases were identified from two Piedmont farms where other animals had tested positive at histological examination. In conclusion, the absence of PON1 in the plasma of veal calves can indirectly reveal illicit dexamethasone treatment in individual animals and so identify suspect farms for further investigation. It is effective in a period ranging from 3 to about 10 days from illicit treatment, covering a time span that goes beyond the limits of official chemical controls and preceding histological controls on the thymus of slaughtered animals. PON1 detection in plasma can be coupled with other tests to identify illegal dexamethasone use on veal calf farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Guglielmetti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Sonia Brusadore
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Marzia Pezzolato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Elisa Baioni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Francesco Ingravalle
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Acutis
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Maria Mazza
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Elena Bozzetta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
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3
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Profiling of transcriptional biomarkers in FFPE liver samples: PLS-DA applications for detection of illicit administration of sex steroids and clenbuterol in veal calves. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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4
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Biancotto G, Bovo D, Mastrorilli E, Manuali E, Angeletti R, Stella R. TMT-Based Proteomics Profiling of Bovine Liver Underscores Protein Markers of Anabolic Treatments. Proteomics 2019; 19:e1800422. [PMID: 30865377 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Illegal use of growth promoter compounds in food production exposes consumers to health risk. Surveillance of such practices is based on direct detection of drugs or related metabolites by HPLC-MS/MS. Screening strategies focusing on indirect biological responses are considered promising tools to improve surveillance. In this study, an untargeted shotgun proteomics approach based on tandem mass tags (TMTs) is carried out to identify proteins altered in bovine liver after different anabolic treatments. Three controlled pharmacological treatments with dexamethasone, a combination of dexamethasone and clenbuterol, or a combination of sexual steroids (trenbolone and estradiol) are analyzed. Untargeted TMT analysis of liver digests by high resolution MS allowed for the relative quantification of proteins. Thanks to partial least squarediscriminant analysis, a set of proteins capable to classify animals treated with dexamethasone alone (11 proteins), or in combination with clenbuterol (13 proteins) are identified. No significant difference is found upon administration of sexual steroids. After relative quantification of candidate markers by parallel reaction monitoring (PRM), two predictive models are trained to validate protein markers. Finally, an independent animal set of control bulls and bulls treated with dexamethasone is analyzed by PRM to further validate a predictive model giving an accuracy of 100%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Biancotto
- Department of Chemistry, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020, Legnaro PD, Italy
| | - Davide Bovo
- Department of Chemistry, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020, Legnaro PD, Italy
| | - Eleonora Mastrorilli
- Department of Food Safety, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020, Legnaro PD, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Manuali
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberto Angeletti
- Department of Chemistry, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020, Legnaro PD, Italy
| | - Roberto Stella
- Department of Chemistry, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020, Legnaro PD, Italy
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5
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Improving the accuracy of detecting steroid abuse in cattle by pairwise learning of serum samples. Biocybern Biomed Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbe.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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6
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Elgendy R, Giantin M, Montesissa C, Dacasto M. Transcriptomic analysis of skeletal muscle from beef cattle exposed to illicit schedules containing dexamethasone: identification of new candidate biomarkers and their validation using samples from a field monitoring trial. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2015; 32:1448-63. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2015.1070307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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7
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Stella R, Biancotto G, Arrigoni G, Barrucci F, Angeletti R, James P. Proteomics for the detection of indirect markers of steroids treatment in bovine muscle. Proteomics 2015; 15:2332-41. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Stella
- Department of Chemistry; Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie; Legnaro (PD) Italy
| | - Giancarlo Biancotto
- Department of Chemistry; Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie; Legnaro (PD) Italy
| | - Giorgio Arrigoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Padova University; Padova Italy
- Proteomics Center of Padova University; Padova Italy
| | - Federica Barrucci
- Department of Public Health and Risk Analysis; Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie; Legnaro (PD) Italy
| | - Roberto Angeletti
- Department of Chemistry; Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie; Legnaro (PD) Italy
| | - Peter James
- Department of Immunotechnology; Medicon Village, Lund University; Lund Sweden
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8
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Pirro V, Girolami F, Spalenza V, Gardini G, Badino P, Nebbia C. Set-up of a multivariate approach based on serum biomarkers as an alternative strategy for the screening evaluation of the potential abuse of growth promoters in veal calves. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2015; 32:702-11. [PMID: 25730172 PMCID: PMC4396443 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2015.1011713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A chemometric class modelling strategy (unequal dispersed classes - UNEQ) was applied for the first time as a possible screening method to monitor the abuse of growth promoters in veal calves. Five serum biomarkers, known to reflect the exposure to classes of compounds illegally used as growth promoters, were determined from 50 untreated animals in order to design a model of controls, representing veal calves reared under good, safe and highly standardised breeding conditions. The class modelling was applied to 421 commercially bred veal calves to separate them into 'compliant' and 'non-compliant' with respect to the modelled controls. Part of the non-compliant animals underwent further histological and chemical examinations to confirm the presence of either alterations in target tissues or traces of illegal substances commonly administered for growth-promoting purposes. Overall, the congruence between the histological or chemical methods and the UNEQ non-compliant outcomes was approximately 58%, likely underestimated due to the blindness nature of this examination. Further research is needed to confirm the validity of the UNEQ model in terms of sensitivity in recognising untreated animals as compliant to the controls, and specificity in revealing deviations from ideal breeding conditions, for example due to the abuse of growth promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Flavia Girolami
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Veronica Spalenza
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Giulia Gardini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Paola Badino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Carlo Nebbia
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
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9
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Regal P, Blokland MH, Fente CA, Sterk SS, Cepeda A, van Ginkel LA. Evaluation of the discriminative potential of a novel biomarker for estradiol treatments in bovine animals. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:370-378. [PMID: 25485694 DOI: 10.1021/jf503773u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The endogenous occurrence of natural hormones obstructs the application of classical targeted methods as confirmatory options. In the case of estradiol, the ultimate confirmation of its exogenous administration relies on gas chromatography coupled to combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C/IRMS). A serum dipeptide composed of pyroglutamic acid and phenylalanine was identified as a potential biomarker of estradiol treatments in adult cows. To evaluate its potential to pinpoint suspicious samples, samples from prepubertal females under different estrogenic treatments have been analyzed. The results confirmed the up-regulation of the dipeptide in adult bovines. The 2-week-old females exhibited short-lasting responses only in a few animals. The 6-month-old female showed a delayed but clear increase on the biomarker level. The composition of the anabolic preparations, the dose, and/or the administration route are possible additional reasons for the reduced response in young animals. A comparison to previous results reported by various researchers is included.
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10
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Pitardi D, Cini B, Paleologo M, Brouwer A, Behnisch P, van der Linden S, Vincenti M, Capra P, Gili M, Pezzolato M, Meloni D, Bozzetta E. Effect-based detection of synthetic glucocorticoids in bovine urine. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2015; 32:194-204. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2014.996788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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11
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12
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Guglielmetti C, Mazza M, Pagano M, Carrella S, Sciuto S, Nodari S, Pezzolato M, Richelmi G, Baioni E, Caramelli M, Acutis P, Bozzetta E. Identification by a proteomic approach of a plasma protein as a possible biomarker of illicit dexamethasone treatment in veal calves. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2014; 31:833-8. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2014.900191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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13
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Snoj T, Dolenc J, Kobal S. Sex steroid levels in urine of cattle of different ages: evaluation of abuse control procedures. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2014; 31:614-20. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2013.880000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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14
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Stella R, Arrigoni G, Biancotto G, Krogh M, Vascellari M, Lega F, Pozza G, Angeletti R, Andrighetto I, James P. Confirmation of Protein Biomarkers of Corticosteroids Treatment in Veal Calves Sampled under Field Conditions. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:1794-9. [DOI: 10.1021/pr401193r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Stella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, viale dell'Universitá, 10, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Giorgio Arrigoni
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Proteomics Center of Padova University, Via G. Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Biancotto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, viale dell'Universitá, 10, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Morten Krogh
- Department
of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Medicon Village, S-223 81 Lund, Sweden
| | - Marta Vascellari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, viale dell'Universitá, 10, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Lega
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, viale dell'Universitá, 10, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Giandomenico Pozza
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, viale dell'Universitá, 10, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Roberto Angeletti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, viale dell'Universitá, 10, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Igino Andrighetto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, viale dell'Universitá, 10, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Peter James
- Department
of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Medicon Village, S-223 81 Lund, Sweden
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15
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Biancotto G, Stella R, Pozza G, Stefani A, Lega F, Angeletti R. Sub-therapeutic treatments of bulls with dexamethasone: direct and indirect markers of treatment. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2013; 30:430-42. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2012.749540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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16
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Effect-based proteomic detection of growth promoter abuse. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 405:1171-9. [PMID: 23151655 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6534-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Revised: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Unregulated growth promoter use in food-producing animals is an issue of concern both from food safety and animal welfare perspectives. However, the monitoring of such practices is analytically challenging due to the concerted actions of users to evade detection. Techniques based on the monitoring of biological responses to exogenous administrations have been proposed as more sensitive methods to identify treated animals. This study has, for the first time, profiled plasma proteome responses in bovine animals to treatment with nortestosterone decanoate and 17β-oestradiol benzoate, followed by dexamethasone administration. Two-dimensional fluorescence differential in-gel electrophoresis analysis revealed a series of hepatic and acute-phase proteins within plasma whose levels were up- or down-regulated within phases of the treatment regime. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) immuno-assays were developed to quantify responses of identified protein markers during the experimental treatment study with a view to developing methods which can be used as screening tools for growth promoter abuse detection. SPR analysis demonstrated the potential for plasma proteins to be used as indicative measures of growth promoter administrations and concludes that the sensitivity and robustness of any detection approach based on plasma proteome analysis would benefit from examination of a range of proteins representative of diverse biological processes rather being reliant on specific individual markers.
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17
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Ricciardi C, Ferrante I, Castagna R, Frascella F, Marasso SL, Santoro K, Gili M, Pitardi D, Pezzolato M, Bozzetta E. Immunodetection of 17β-estradiol in serum at ppt level by microcantilever resonators. Biosens Bioelectron 2012; 40:407-11. [PMID: 22964384 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
To date control strategies in detecting anabolic agents for promoting growth of food producing animals are mainly related to screening techniques based on immunochemical and physiochemical methods, whose major limit is represented by relative low analytical sensitivity. As a consequence, consumers are currently exposed to molecules with potential carcinogenic effects such as 17β-estradiol, the most powerful substance with estrogenic effect. Therefore, high analytical sensitivity screening and confirmatory methods are required, coupling easiness of use and efficiency. We here report on the immunodetection of 17β-estradiol in serum by antibody-immobilized microcantilever resonators, an innovative biosensing platform able to quantify an adsorbed target mass (such as cells, nucleic acids, biomolecules, etc.) thanks to a shift in resonance frequency. Our tool based on microcantilever resonator arrays has shown to be capable of discriminating treated and untreated animals, showing the ability of detecting traces of 17β-estradiol in serum at concentrations lower than the present accepted physiological serum concentration threshold value (40 ppt) and commercial ELISA tests (25 ppt). The method exhibits a limit of detection of 20 ppt and a limited cross-reactivity with high concentrations (10 ppb) of similar molecules (testosterone).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Ricciardi
- Politecnico di Torino-LATEMAR Unit, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, I-10129 Torino, Italy.
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18
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Vascellari M, Capello K, Stefani A, Biancotto G, Moro L, Stella R, Pozza G, Mutinelli F. Evaluation of thymus morphology and serum cortisol concentration as indirect biomarkers to detect low-dose dexamethasone illegal treatment in beef cattle. BMC Vet Res 2012; 8:129. [PMID: 22862840 PMCID: PMC3425090 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-8-129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Corticosteroids are illegally used in several countries as growth promoters in veal calves and beef cattle, either alone or in association with sex steroids and β-agonists, especially at low dosages and primarily through oral administration, in order to enhance carcasses and meat quality traits. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the reliability of the histological evaluation of the thymus, as well as the serum cortisol determination, in identifying beef cattle, treated with two different dexamethasone-based growth-promoting protocols and the application of different withdrawal times before slaughter. Results Our findings demonstrate that low dosages of dexamethasone (DXM), administered alone or in association with clenbuterol as growth promoter in beef cattle, induce morphologic changes in the thymus, resulting in increase fat infiltration with concurrent cortical atrophy and reduction of the cortex/medulla ratio (C/M). In fact, the C/M value was significantly lower in treated animals than in control ones, with both the protocols applied. The cut off value of 0.93 for the cortex/medulla ratio resulted to be highly effective to distinguish control and treated animals. The animals treated with DXM showed inhibition of cortisol secretion during the treatment period, as well as at the slaughterhouse, 3 days after treatment suspension. The animals treated with lower doses of DXM in association with clenbuterol, showed inhibition of cortisol secretion during the treatment period, but serum cortisol concentration was restored to physiological levels at slaughterhouse, 8 days after treatment suspension. Conclusions The histological evaluation of thymus morphology, and particularly of the C/M may represent a valuable and reproducible method applicable to large-scale screening programs, due to the easy sampling procedures at slaughterhouse, as well as time and cost-saving of the analysis. Serum cortisol determination could be considered as an useful in vivo biomarker of dexamethasone illegal treatment in beef cattle during the fattening period, whilst it does not appear to be a good biomarker at the slaughterhouse, since the protocol of DXM administration, as well as the withdrawal period could affect the reliability of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Vascellari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, viale dell'Università 10, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy.
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19
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Bertarelli D, Balbo A, Carletti M, Cannizzo T, Girolami F, Nebbia C. Hepatic tyrosine aminotransferase and glucocorticoid abuse in meat cattle. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2012; 35:596-603. [PMID: 22376142 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2012.01378.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Besides being extensively applied as therapeutical remedies, glucocorticoids (GCs) - most notably dexamethasone or prednisolone - are also illegally used in livestock for growth-promoting purposes. This study was designed to assess the suitability of liver tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT), a gluconeogenic enzyme known to be induced by GCs, to act as a reliable candidate biomarker to screen for GC abuse in cattle. Enzyme activity was measured spectrophotometrically in liver cytosols or in cell extracts, and TAT gene expression was determined by real-time PCR. Compared with untreated veal calves, a notable scatter (20-fold) and much higher median values (3-fold) characterized TAT specific activity in liver samples from commercially farmed veal calves. A time-related increase in both enzyme activity and gene expression was detected in rat hepatoma cell lines treated with dexamethasone concentrations (10(-8) or 10(-9) m) in the range of those recorded in noncompliant samples from EU official controls. In experimental studies in which finishing bulls were administered GCs at growth-promoting dosages, however, no such changes were recorded in dexamethasone-treated animals; a statistically significant rise in liver TAT activity (+95%) only occurred in prednisolone-treated bulls. Although further research is needed to characterize the GC-mediated response in cattle liver, TAT does not appear to be a specific and sensitive biomarker of GC abuse in the bovine species.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bertarelli
- Dipartimento di Patologia Animale, Università degli Studi di Torino, Grugliasco, Italia
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20
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Della Donna L, Bassilian S, Souda P, Nebbia C, Whitelegge JP, Puppione DL. Mass spectrometric measurements of the apolipoproteins of bovine (Bos taurus) HDL. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2012; 7:9-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2011.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Revised: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Use of NMR metabolomic plasma profiling methodologies to identify illicit growth-promoting administrations. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 403:573-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-5815-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Revised: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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22
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Bozzetta E, Pezzolato M, Maurella C, Varello K, Richelmi G, Draisci R, Ferranti C, D’Angelo A, Caramelli M. Development of an enhanced histopathological approach to detect low-dose dexamethasone illicit treatment in veal calves. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2011; 28:1187-92. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2011.584909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Bozzetta
- a Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte , Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148 , 10154 Turin , Italy
| | - M. Pezzolato
- a Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte , Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148 , 10154 Turin , Italy
| | - C. Maurella
- a Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte , Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148 , 10154 Turin , Italy
| | - K. Varello
- a Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte , Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148 , 10154 Turin , Italy
| | - G.B. Richelmi
- a Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte , Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148 , 10154 Turin , Italy
| | - R. Draisci
- b Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Viale Regina Elena 299 , 00161 Rome , Italy
| | - C. Ferranti
- b Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Viale Regina Elena 299 , 00161 Rome , Italy
| | - A. D’Angelo
- c Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , University of Torino , Via Leonardo Da Vinci 44 , 10095 Grugliasco (Turin) , Italy
| | - M. Caramelli
- a Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte , Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148 , 10154 Turin , Italy
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23
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Novel strategies for tracing the exposure of meat cattle to illegal growth-promoters. Vet J 2011; 189:34-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2010] [Revised: 06/22/2010] [Accepted: 06/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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24
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Stella R, Biancotto G, Krogh M, Angeletti R, Pozza G, Sorgato MC, James P, Andrighetto I. Protein expression changes in skeletal muscle in response to growth promoter abuse in beef cattle. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:2744-57. [PMID: 21425879 DOI: 10.1021/pr101255c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The fraudulent treatment of cattle with growth promoting agents (GPAs) is a matter of great concern for the European Union (EU) authorities and consumers. It has been estimated that 10% of animals are being illegally treated in the EU. In contrast, only a much lower percentage of animals (<0.5%) are actually found as being noncompliant by conventional analytical methods. Thus, it has been proposed that methods should be developed that can detect the use of the substances via the biological effects of these substances on target organs, such as the alteration of protein expression profiles. Here we present a study aimed at evaluating if a correlation exists between the treatment with GPAs and alterations in the two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) protein pattern obtained from the biceps brachii skeletal muscle from mixed-bred cattle. After image analysis and statistical evaluation, protein spots that differentiate between treated and control groups were selected for analysis by mass spectrometry. A set of proteins could be defined that accurately detect the use of glucocorticoids and β(2)-agonists as growth promoters through the changes caused in muscle differentiation. As a further validation, we repeated the analysis using an independent set of samples from a strain of pure-bred cattle and verified these proteins by Western blot analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Stella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
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25
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Regal P, Nebot C, Díaz-Bao M, Barreiro R, Cepeda A, Fente C. Disturbance in sex-steroid serum profiles of cattle in response to exogenous estradiol: a screening approach to detect forbidden treatments. Steroids 2011; 76:365-75. [PMID: 21172370 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2010.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Revised: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Estradiol benzoate (EB) has been one of the most widely used estrogenic agents in animal husbandry, as a way of exogenously introducing the natural hormone estradiol-17β into the animal organism. Estradiol was previously employed to induce anabolic effects or reproductive improvements in cattle. However, the employment of EB in European countries has been permanently forbidden by Directive 2008/97/EC to guarantee consumers' health. Despite this prohibition, the control of estradiol-17β and its esters continues to be a difficult task for residue-monitoring plans in European Communities because official analyses of natural thresholds for hormones in cattle have not yet been established, leading to a lack of confirmation for any exogenous administration of natural hormones. Several researchers have worked on excretion profiles of metabolites, variation in specific hormonal ratios and metabolomic fingerprints after hormonal treatments. This research focuses on the possible existence of disturbances in the serum profile of animals treated with EB in terms of steroid sex hormones (androgens, oestrogens and progestogens), by investigating the serum levels of several of these hormones. The serum samples were collected from three groups of cows: one treated with an intramuscular injection of EB, one treated with a combination of intravaginal EB and progesterone and a control (non-treated) group. The samples have been analysed by a validated high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method, and 17 natural hormones were identified and quantified. Subsequently, data from the serum profiles were submitted for statistic and multivariate analysis, and it was possible to observe a manifest variation between animal groups. The obtained results can help in the development of a viable screening tool for monitoring purposes in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Regal
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain.
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26
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Targeted and untargeted profiling of biological fluids to screen for anabolic practices in cattle. Trends Analyt Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2010.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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27
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Almeida AM, Campos A, Francisco R, Van Harten S, Cardoso LA, Coelho AV. Proteomic investigation of the effects of weight loss in the gastrocnemius muscle of wild and NZW rabbits via 2D-electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF MS. Anim Genet 2010; 41:260-72. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2009.01994.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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28
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Mantovani A, Frazzoli C, La Rocca C. Risk assessment of endocrine-active compounds in feeds. Vet J 2009; 182:392-401. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2008.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2008] [Revised: 07/22/2008] [Accepted: 08/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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29
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Della Donna L, Ronci M, Sacchetta P, Di Ilio C, Biolatti B, Federici G, Nebbia C, Urbani A. A food safety control low mass-range proteomics platform for the detection of illicit treatments in veal calves by MALDI-TOF-MS serum profiling. Biotechnol J 2009; 4:1596-609. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.200900085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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30
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The use of omic technologies for biomarker development to trace functions of anabolic agents. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:8192-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.01.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2009] [Revised: 01/27/2009] [Accepted: 01/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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31
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Honoré B. The rapidly expanding CREC protein family: members, localization, function, and role in disease. Bioessays 2009; 31:262-77. [PMID: 19260022 DOI: 10.1002/bies.200800186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Although many aspects of the physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms remain unknown, recent advances in our knowledge suggest that the CREC proteins are promising disease biomarkers or targets for therapeutic intervention in a variety of diseases. The CREC family of low affinity, Ca2+-binding, multiple EF-hand proteins are encoded by five genes, RCN1, RCN2, RCN3, SDF4, and CALU, resulting in reticulocalbin, ER Ca2+-binding protein of 55 kDa (ERC-55), reticulocalbin-3, Ca2+-binding protein of 45 kDa (Cab45), and calumenin. Alternative splicing increases the number of gene products. The proteins are localized in the cytosol, in various parts of the secretory pathway, secreted to the extracellular space or localized on the cell surface. The emerging functions appear to be highly diverse. The proteins interact with several different ligands. Rather well-described functions are attached to calumenin with the inhibition of several proteins in the endoplasmic or sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane, the vitamin K(1) 2,3-epoxide reductase, the gamma-carboxylase, the ryanodine receptor, and the Ca2+-transporting ATPase. Other functions concern participation in the secretory process, chaperone activity, signal transduction as well as participation in a large variety of disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bent Honoré
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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32
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Mooney M, Elliott C, Le Bizec B. Combining biomarker screening and mass-spectrometric analysis to detect hormone abuse in cattle. Trends Analyt Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2009.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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33
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Mooney MH, Bergwerff AA, van Meeuwen JA, Luppa PB, Elliott CT. Biosensor-based detection of reduced sex hormone-binding globulin binding capacities in response to growth-promoter administrations. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 637:235-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2008] [Revised: 08/19/2008] [Accepted: 08/20/2008] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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34
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Cacciatore G, Eisenberg SW, Situ C, Mooney MH, Delahaut P, Klarenbeek S, Huet AC, Bergwerff AA, Elliott CT. Effect of growth-promoting 17β-estradiol, 19-nortestosterone and dexamethasone on circulating levels of nine potential biomarker candidates in veal calves. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 637:351-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2008] [Revised: 11/10/2008] [Accepted: 11/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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35
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Mooney MH, Situ C, Cacciatore G, Hutchinson T, Elliott C, Bergwerff AA. Plasma biomarker profiling in the detection of growth promoter use in calves. Biomarkers 2008; 13:246-56. [DOI: 10.1080/13547500701838593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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36
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Gratacós-Cubarsí M, Castellari M, Hortós M, García-Regueiro JA, Lametsch R, Jessen F. Effects of tetracycline administration on the proteomic profile of pig muscle samples (L. dorsi). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:9312-9316. [PMID: 18778074 DOI: 10.1021/jf801390z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Effect of tetracycline (TC) administration on the proteomic profile of pig muscle was evaluated by 2D electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The TC content at slaughter was determined in L. dorsi samples by HPLC-DAD. Mean residual concentration of TC in the muscle of treated animals, calculated as the sum of TC and epi-TC was 126.3 microg/kg, indicating a rapid elimination of TC in this tissue. Several differential spots (n = 54, p < 0.05) were observed in protein profiles from control and treated animals. MALDI-TOF identification gave a positive match for 5 differential spots, that is, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 (G3PD1), phosphoglycerate kinase 1, novelprotein (0610037L13Rik), leucine aminopeptidase 3 (LAP), and hypothetical protein isoform 2. Results show that proteomics could be a useful tool to reveal pharmacological treatments with TC, even if the possible uses of differential spots as biomarkers to detect illegal administration of TC require further studies. Different spot patterns as a consequence of TC treatments seem to be another interesting issue for the consequences on tissue metabolism and meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gratacós-Cubarsí
- Food Chemistry Unit, IRTA-Monells, Finca Camps i Armet s/n, Monells, Girona, Spain.
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37
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Vascellari M, Pozza G, Poppi L, Capello K, Angeletti R, Ravarotto L, Andrighetto I, Mutinelli F. Evaluation of indirect biomarkers for detecting corticosteroids used as illegal growth promoters in beef cattle. Vet Rec 2008; 163:147-51. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.163.5.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Vascellari
- Department of Histopathology; Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venzie; Via dell'Università 10
| | - G. Pozza
- Department of Histopathology; Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venzie; Via dell'Università 10
| | - L. Poppi
- Department of Animal Pathology; School of Veterinary Medicine; University of Padova; Viale dell'Università 16; 35020 Legnaro Padova Italy
| | - K. Capello
- Department of Histopathology; Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venzie; Via dell'Università 10
| | - R. Angeletti
- Department of Histopathology; Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venzie; Via dell'Università 10
| | - L. Ravarotto
- Department of Histopathology; Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venzie; Via dell'Università 10
| | - I. Andrighetto
- Department of Histopathology; Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venzie; Via dell'Università 10
| | - F. Mutinelli
- Department of Histopathology; Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venzie; Via dell'Università 10
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38
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NEBBIA C, DELLA DONNA L, CARLETTI M, BALBO A, BARBARINO G, GARDINI G. Use of hepatic protein biomarkers for tracing the exposure of veal calves to illegal growth-promoters: investigations on experimental samples and preliminary application under field conditions. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2008; 31:272-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2008.00950.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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39
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Draisci R, Montesissa C, Santamaria B, D'Ambrosio C, Ferretti G, Merlanti R, Ferranti C, De Liguoro M, Cartoni C, Pistarino E, Ferrara L, Tiso M, Scaloni A, Cosulich ME. Integrated analytical approach in veal calves administered the anabolic androgenic steroids boldenone and boldione: urine and plasma kinetic profile and changes in plasma protein expression. Proteomics 2007; 7:3184-93. [PMID: 17676661 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200601039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Surveillance of illegal use of steroids hormones in cattle breeding is a key issue to preserve human health. To this purpose, an integrated approach has been developed for the analysis of plasma and urine from calves treated orally with a single dose of a combination of the androgenic steroids boldenone and boldione. A quantitative estimation of steroid hormones was obtained by LC-APCI-Q-MS/MS analysis of plasma and urine samples obtained at various times up to 36 and 24 h after treatment, respectively. These experiments demonstrated that boldione was never found, while boldenone alpha- and beta-epimers were detected in plasma and urine only within 2 and 24 h after drug administration, respectively. Parallel proteomic analysis of plasma samples was obtained by combined 2-DE, MALDI-TOF-MS and muLC-ESI-IT-MS/MS procedures. A specific protein, poorly represented in normal plasma samples collected before treatment, was found upregulated even 36 h after hormone treatment. Extensive mass mapping experiments proved this component as an N-terminal truncated form of apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), a protein involved in cholesterol transport. The expression profile of ApoA1 analysed by Western blot analysis confirmed a significant and time dependent increase of this ApoA1 fragment. Then, provided that further experiments performed with a growth-promoting schedule will confirm these preliminary findings, truncated ApoA1 may be proposed as a candidate biomarker for steroid boldenone and possibly other anabolic androgens misuse in cattle veal calves, when no traces of hormones are detectable in plasma or urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Draisci
- Department of Food Safety and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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40
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NEBBIA C. WS12 Measuring biological effects in the target species using proteomics: detection of the illegal treatment of cattle with performance enhancing agents. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2006.00774_5.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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41
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The Proteomic Approach as a Tool to Detect the Illegal Treatment of Cattle with Performance Enhancing Agents. Vet Res Commun 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s11259-006-0024-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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