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Hamed M, Said REM, Martyniuk CJ, Soliman HAM, Sayed AEDH, Osman AGM. Reproductive and endocrine-disrupting toxicity of Pyrogallol in catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Environ Pollut 2024:124104. [PMID: 38703978 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Endocrine disruptors are synthetic or natural chemicals that can agonize/antagonize hormone receptors or can interfere with the production and secretion of hormones, leading to altered tissue histology and physiology. Pyrogallol is a contaminant widely distributed in aquatic environments that presents health risks to both humans and animals. However, the potential for endocrine disruption by pyrogallol, particularly in fish, are lacking. The purpose of this study was to shed light on how pyrogallol may affect hormone signalling, histopathology, and reproductive outcomes in African catfish Clarias gariepinus. To investigate this, African catfish were exposed to one sublethal concentration of pyrogallol at either 0, 1, 5 or 10 mg/L for 15 days. We then assessed the effects of pyrogallol on the thyroid system as well as the reproductive system by measuring sex hormone, seminal quality, gonadal histopathology, and histochemistry. Thyroid stimulating hormone and thyroxine showed notable decreases in catfish, and triiodothyronine was decreased with 10 mg/L pyrogallol. Unlike luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone was significantly reduced in fish following exposure to pyrogallol relative to controls. Testosterone was also decreased in fish following pyrogallol exposure, whereas 17β-estradiol increased in catfish exposed to pyrogallol. Additionally, in response to pyrogallol toxicity, sperm quality indices, including count, spermatocrit, motility, and sperm viability were adversely affected in a concentration-dependent manner. Pyrogallol exposure also induced several changes in the gonad following exposure to 1, 5, or 10 mg/L. Deformed tubular structures, vacuolation, thickening of the basement membrane, hypertrophy of the seminiferous tubules, intense melanomacrophage localization, spermatozoa loss, and necrosis were all observed in the testes. In the ovary, atretic follicles, deteriorated mature oocytes, degenerated yolk globules, and an increase in perinucleolar oocytes were observed in catfish exposed to pyrogallol. These findings suggest that pyrogallol may act as endocrine disrupting substance in aquatic environments. Further research on the mechanisms by which pyrogallol impairs endocrine systems, particularly in fish, is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hamed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Assiut branch), Assiut, 71524, Egypt; Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | - Rashad E M Said
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Assiut branch), Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Hamdy A M Soliman
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag 8562, Egypt
| | - Alaa El-Din H Sayed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
| | - Alaa G M Osman
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Assiut branch), Assiut, 71524, Egypt
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Ahmed RYS, Tanoue R, Chen X, Kawai YK, Kubota A. Assessment of developmental toxicity and the potential mode of action underlying single and binary exposure to estrogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 277:109821. [PMID: 38128895 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The current study investigated the effect of single and binary exposure to distinct xenoestrogens, including diethylstilbestrol (DES) and zearalenone (ZEN), on zebrafish embryos subjected to continuous exposure for 4 days starting from 4 h post fertilization. Noteworthy impact on cumulative mortality, hatchability, spinal and tail curvature, pericardial edema, and reduction in blood circulation were observed in DES-treated embryos, with lower incidence and intensity shown for ZEN at the same nominal concentration (3 μM). An interactive effect was seen for the combined exposure to DES and ZEN, in which deformities and circulatory failure mediated by DES were mitigated by co-treatment with low concentrations of ZEN. Similarly, ZEN-induced spinal and tail curvature, pericardial edema, and blood flow reduction declined dramatically following DES co-exposure at low concentrations. A significant counteracting effect has been observed against DES- and ZEN-induced developmental anomalies following co-treatment with an estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist, fulvestrant (FUL). The assessment of the aromatase gene (CYP19A1b) showed that DES strongly upregulated mRNA expression of CYP19A1b with a lower EC50 (1.1 × 10-3 nM) than a natural estrogen, 17β-estradiol (2.5 nM). Similarly, ZEN induced CYP19A1b mRNA expression with an EC50 of 57 nM. Exposure to 10 or 20 μM FUL inhibited the expression of CYP19A1b induced by a single treatment of DES or ZEN. Overall, the competitive action against ER could be the main mechanism underlying the developmental toxicity induced by DES and ZEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab Youssef Salama Ahmed
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; Department of Poultry Diseases, Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan 097-81528, Egypt
| | - Rumi Tanoue
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Xing Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Yusuke K Kawai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Akira Kubota
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.
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Cunha M, Silva MG, De Marchi L, Morgado RG, Esteves VI, Meucci V, Battaglia F, Soares AM, Pretti C, Freitas R. Toxic effects of a mixture of pharmaceuticals in Mytilus galloprovincialis: The case of 17α-ethinylestradiol and salicylic acid. Environ Pollut 2023; 324:121070. [PMID: 36641066 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The impact of pharmaceuticals on marine invertebrates has been a topic of rising concern, with an increasing number of studies regarding the impacts on bivalves. However, very few investigated the toxicity of mixtures of pharmaceuticals. This knowledge gap was investigated in the present study, where the toxicity of 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) and salicylic acid (SA) mixture was evaluated. To this end, Mytilus galloprovincialis mussels were chronically subjected to both pharmaceuticals, acting alone and in combination, and the effects at the cellular level were measured. The Independent Action (IA) model was performed aiming to compare obtained with predicted responses. The integrated biomarker response (IBR) index was used to assess the overall biochemical response given by mussels. The results obtained revealed that the most stressful condition was caused by the combined effect of EE2 and SA, with the highest metabolic capacity, antioxidant (catalase activity) and biotransformation (carboxylesterases activity) activation and cellular damage in organisms exposed to the mixture of both drugs in comparison to responses observed when each drug was acting alone. Predicted responses obtained from the IA model indicate that caution should be paid as frequent deviations to observed responses were found. This study highlights the need for future studies considering the mixture of pollutants, mimicking the actual environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Cunha
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mónica G Silva
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Lucia De Marchi
- Interuniversity Consortium of Marine Biology and Applied Ecology "G. Bacci" (CIBM), 57128, Livorno, Italy
| | - Rui G Morgado
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Valdemar I Esteves
- Chemistry Department & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Valentina Meucci
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56122, San Piero a Grado (PI), Italy
| | - Federica Battaglia
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56122, San Piero a Grado (PI), Italy
| | - Amadeu Mvm Soares
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Carlo Pretti
- Interuniversity Consortium of Marine Biology and Applied Ecology "G. Bacci" (CIBM), 57128, Livorno, Italy; Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56122, San Piero a Grado (PI), Italy
| | - Rosa Freitas
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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Zhu J, Li J, Chapman EC, Shi H, Ciocan CM, Chen K, Shi X, Zhou J, Sun P, Zheng Y, Rotchell JM. Gonadal Atresia, Estrogen-Responsive, and Apoptosis-Specific mRNA Expression in Marine Mussels from the East China Coast: A Preliminary Study. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2022; 108:1111-1117. [PMID: 35075493 PMCID: PMC9188513 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-022-03461-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This preliminary survey analysed mussel atresia incidences, estrogen-responsive and apoptotic-specific molecular end points, and aqueous and gonadal levels of selected estrogens from the East China coast. Estrogen levels were low (e.g. < LOD-28.36 ng/L, < LOD-3.88 ng/g wet weight of tissue for BPA) relative to worldwide freshwater environments, but high oocyte follicle atresia incidences (up to 26.6%) occurred at selected sites. Expression of estrogen-responsive ER2 was significantly increased in males relative to females at sites with high atresia incidences in females. A second estrogen-responsive gene, V9, was significantly increased at two sites in April in females relative to males; the opposite was true for the remaining two sites. Apoptosis-specific genes (Bcl-2, fas) showed elevated expression in males relative to females at the site with the highest atresia incidence. These results provide coastal estrogen levels and the utility of several estrogen-specific molecular-level markers for marine mussels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingmin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Jiana Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
- Department of Biological and Marine Sciences, Hardy Building, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Emma C Chapman
- Department of Biological and Marine Sciences, Hardy Building, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Huahong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Corina M Ciocan
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Lewes Road, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Kai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xiaodong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - JunLiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Peiying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Yueyao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Jeanette M Rotchell
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
- Department of Biological and Marine Sciences, Hardy Building, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.
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Tran NK, Kwan TN, Purser J, Patil JG. Masculinization of Adult Gambusia holbrooki: A Case of Recapitulation of Protogyny in a Gonochorist? Biology 2022; 11:biology11050694. [PMID: 35625423 PMCID: PMC9138882 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Although gonochoristic fish express one sex or the other in adulthood, some adults display traits similar to those of their opposite sex, suggesting plasticity similar to hermaphrodites. To fully test this potential in the eastern mosquitofish, a gonochorist, two adult stages of females were fed 17α-Methyltestosterone incorporated feed (0–200 mg/kg diet) for 50 days. The hormone (particularly at 50 mg/kg diet) stimulated the formation of complex male copulatory structures and testicular tissue as well as upregulated expression of Anti-Müllerian Hormone gene and altered the behavior from females to males. Collectively, we infer that Gambusia holbrooki retains potential for sex reversal at adulthood, similar to what occurs naturally in hermaphroditic fish and can provide an ideal system to investigate these mechanisms in a regulated fashion. Abstract 17α-Methyltestosterone (MT) is a synthetic steroid that has been widely used to masculinize many fish species when administered early during larval development, however, reports on its efficacy on adults is limited. To this end, this study investigated the efficacy of MT in the masculinization of the eastern mosquitofish (G. holbrooki) at two adult stages (maiden and repeat gravid females). The treated females were fed control or respective MT incorporated feed (0–200 mg/kg diet) for 50 days. Effects of the hormone on secondary sexual characteristics, internal gonad morphology, expression of the Anti-Müllerian Hormone (amh) gene and sexual behavior of the treated females were investigated. The results showed that MT at the dose of 50 mg/kg feed stimulated secondary sexual character development, upregulated expression of amh, formation of testicular tissue and a shift in the behavior similar to those of normal males, prominently so in treated maiden gravid females. Post-treatment, long-term observations indicated that only two masculinized females reverted back to being females and gave birth to young. Induction of masculinizing effects in most individuals suggests that the sexual phenotype of this species appears to be highly plastic with potential to sex reverse at adulthood. This in combination with its small size and short reproductive cycle could provide an ideal system to explore the mechanisms of sequential hermaphroditism in fish and contribute to genetic control of this pest fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Kim Tran
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Centre, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia; (N.K.T.); (J.P.)
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, An Giang University, 18 Ung Van Khiem Street, Long Xuyen City 880000, Vietnam
| | - Tzu Nin Kwan
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Centre, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Taroona, TAS 7053, Australia;
| | - John Purser
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Centre, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia; (N.K.T.); (J.P.)
| | - Jawahar G. Patil
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Centre, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia; (N.K.T.); (J.P.)
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Centre, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Taroona, TAS 7053, Australia;
- Inland Fisheries Services, New Norfolk, TAS 7140, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Roy B, Basak R, Rai U. Impact of xenoestrogens on sex differentiation and reproduction in teleosts. Aquaculture and Fisheries 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Corriero A, Zupa R, Mylonas CC, Passantino L. Atresia of ovarian follicles in fishes, and implications and uses in aquaculture and fisheries. J Fish Dis 2021; 44:1271-1291. [PMID: 34132409 PMCID: PMC8453499 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Atresia of ovarian follicles, that is the degenerative process of germ cells and their associated somatic cells, is a complex process involving apoptosis, autophagy and heterophagy. Follicular atresia is a normal component of fish oogenesis and it is observed throughout the ovarian cycle, although it is more frequent in regressing ovaries during the postspawning period. An increased occurrence of follicular atresia above physiological rates reduces fish fecundity and even causes reproductive failure in both wild and captive-reared fish stocks, and hence, this phenomenon has a wide range of implications in applied sciences such as fisheries and aquaculture. The present article reviews the available literature on both basic and applied traits of oocyte loss by atresia, including its morpho-physiological aspects and factors that cause a supraphysiological increase of follicular atresia. Finally, the review presents the use of early follicular atresia identification in the selection process of induced spawning in aquaculture and the implications of follicular atresia in fisheries management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Corriero
- Department of Emergency and Organ TransplantationSection of Veterinary Clinics and Animal ProductionUniversity of Bari Aldo MoroValenzano (BA)Italy
| | - Rosa Zupa
- Department of Emergency and Organ TransplantationSection of Veterinary Clinics and Animal ProductionUniversity of Bari Aldo MoroValenzano (BA)Italy
| | - Constantinos C. Mylonas
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and AquacultureHellenic Center for Marine ResearchCreteGreece
| | - Letizia Passantino
- Department of Emergency and Organ TransplantationSection of Veterinary Clinics and Animal ProductionUniversity of Bari Aldo MoroValenzano (BA)Italy
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Liu X, Xie X, Liu H. Effects of Diethylstilbestrol on Zebrafish Gonad Development and Endocrine Disruption Mechanism. Biomolecules 2021; 11:941. [PMID: 34201983 DOI: 10.3390/biom11070941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental estrogen is a substance that functions as an endocrine hormone in organisms and can cause endocrine system disruption. A typical environmental estrogen, diethylstilbestrol (DES), can affect normal sexual function and organism development. However, even though the effects of different exposure stages of DES on the endocrine system and gonadal development of zebrafish juveniles are unknown, sex determination is strongly influenced by endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). From 10–90 days post fertilization (dpf), juvenile zebrafish were exposed to DES (100 and 1000 ng/L) in three different stages (initial development stage (IDS), 10–25 dpf; gonadal differentiation stage (GDS), 25–45 dpf and gonadal maturity stage (GMS), 45–60 dpf). Compared with that of IDS and GMS, the growth indicators (body length, body weight, and others) decreased significantly at GDS, and the proportion of zebrafish females exposed to 100 ng/L DES was significantly higher (by 59.65%) than that of the control; in addition, the zebrafish were biased towards female differentiation. The GDS is a critical period for sex differentiation. Our results show that exposure to environmental estrogen during the critical gonadal differentiation period not only affects the development of zebrafish, but also affects the population development.
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de Souza VG, Bandeira LB, Souza NCSE, Taboga SR, Martins TMM, Silva Perez AP. Prenatal and pubertal exposure to 17α-ethinylestradiol disrupts folliculogenesis and promotes morphophysiological changes in ovaries of old gerbils ( Meriones unguiculatus). J Dev Orig Health Dis 2021;:1-12. [PMID: 33650479 DOI: 10.1017/S2040174421000040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
17α-Ethinylestradiol is an endocrine-disrupting chemical that make up most contraceptive pills and can be found in the environment. Exposure to ethinylestradiol in different development periods may promote changes in morphophysiological parameters of reproductive and endocrine organs. Considering that the effects of low doses (15 µg/kg/day) of ethinylestradiol in ovaries from 12-month-old female gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) were investigated. Four experimental groups used were control (without treatment), EE/PRE (treated from the 18th to the 22nd gestational day), EE/PUB (treated from the 42nd to the 49th day of life), and EE/PRE-PUB (treated in the both periods). The animals were euthanized at 12 months. Testosterone and 17β-estradiol levels were measured. The ovaries were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin, Periodic Acid Schiff, and Gomori's Trichome. The follicles, corpus luteum, interstitial gland, lipofuscin, ovarian epithelium, and tunica albuginea were analyzed. Estradiol was higher in EE/PRE and EE/PUB groups, while testosterone was higher only in EE/PUB group. The main changes in follicle count occurred in EE/PUB and EE/PRE-PUB groups, with higher primordial follicle count and lower maturation of follicles. The corpus luteum was more evident in EE/PRE group. No differences were found in atretic follicles count. A higher area occupied by interstitial gland cells and lipofuscin deposit in these cells was noted in EE/PUB and EE/PRE-PUB groups. Higher epithelium height and thicker tunic albuginea were showed in treated groups. These results suggest that exposure to doses of EE2 in prenatal and pubertal periods of the development leads to morphological changes in senile ovaries.
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Kar S, Sangem P, Anusha N, Senthilkumaran B. Endocrine disruptors in teleosts: Evaluating environmental risks and biomarkers. Aquaculture and Fisheries 2021; 6:1-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2020.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Mokhbatly AAA, Assar DH, Ghazy EW, Elbialy Z, Rizk SA, Omar AA, Gaafar AY, Dawood MAO. The protective role of spirulina and β-glucan in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) against chronic toxicity of chlorpyrifos: hemato-biochemistry, histopathology, and oxidative stress traits. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:31636-31651. [PMID: 32500495 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09333-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is an insecticide that is commonly applied in the agriculture sector. However, little is known about the protective role of Spirulina platensis (SP) and/or β-glucan (BG) on African catfish exposed to chronic CPF toxicity. The fish (95 ± 5 g, initial weight) were assigned to 5 fiberglass tanks (500 L, 50 fish/tank) where the 1st and 2nd fed the basal diet, while the 3rd, 4th, and 5th fed diets with SP, BG, and SP+BG at 0.5%, respectively. Fish in 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th groups were exposed to CPF at a dose of 1.5 mg/L and fed the respective diets for 60 days. In comparison with the control group, CPF-exposed fish exhibited significantly lower (P ≤ 0.05) body weights, feed intake, red blood cells count, hemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume (PCV) (%), lymphocytes, monocytes, phagocytic activity, and phagocytic index, while feed conversion ratio, white blood cell count, and neutrophils count were significantly increased. Fish exposed to CPF also revealed a significant elevation in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoproteins (LDL), very-low-density lipoproteins (vLDL), glucose concentration, urea, and creatinine as well as low total proteins, albumin, globulins, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentration. Fish exposed to CPF also exhibited a high concentration of malondialdehyde while glutathione content, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase activities were significantly decreased in the liver, gills, brain, and intestine tissues. Moreover, exposure to CPF resulted in higher transcription of cytochrome P450 (CYP1A-P450) gene expression than the 1st group. Histopathological investigations revealed various degrees of pathological lesions in different organs like the liver, kidney, brain, spleen, and intestine tissues. Interestingly, dietary SP supplementation either alone or combined with BG significantly ameliorated the alterations mitigated by CPF-induced organ injuries and genotoxicity. Therefore, it could be concluded that SP or/and BG are able to induce the protective consequences on health status, immunity, and antioxidative response of African catfish exposed to CPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abd-Allah A Mokhbatly
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Doaa H Assar
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.
| | - Emad W Ghazy
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Zizy Elbialy
- Fish Processing and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences and Aquaculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Sally A Rizk
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Amira A Omar
- Fish Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Alkhateib Y Gaafar
- Veterinary Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A O Dawood
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.
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Martyniuk CJ, Feswick A, Munkittrick KR, Dreier DA, Denslow ND. Twenty years of transcriptomics, 17alpha-ethinylestradiol, and fish. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 286:113325. [PMID: 31733209 PMCID: PMC6961817 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.113325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In aquatic toxicology, perhaps no pharmaceutical has been investigated more intensely than 17alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE2), the active ingredient of the birth control pill. At the turn of the century, the fields of comparative endocrinology and endocrine disruption research witnessed the emergence of omics technologies, which were rapidly adapted to characterize potential hazards associated with exposures to environmental estrogens, such as EE2. Since then, significant advances have been made by the scientific community, and as a result, much has been learned about estrogen receptor signaling in fish from environmental xenoestrogens. Vitellogenin, the egg yolk precursor protein, was identified as a major estrogen-responsive gene, establishing itself as the premier biomarker for estrogenic exposures. Omics studies have identified a plethora of estrogen responsive genes, contributing to a wealth of knowledge on estrogen-mediated regulatory networks in teleosts. There have been ~40 studies that report on transcriptome responses to EE2 in a variety of fish species (e.g., zebrafish, fathead minnows, rainbow trout, pipefish, mummichog, stickleback, cod, and others). Data on the liver and testis transcriptomes dominate in the literature and have been the subject of many EE2 studies, yet there remain knowledge gaps for other tissues, such as the spleen, kidney, and pituitary. Inter-laboratory genomics studies have revealed transcriptional networks altered by EE2 treatment in the liver; networks related to amino acid activation and protein folding are increased by EE2 while those related to xenobiotic metabolism, immune system, circulation, and triglyceride storage are suppressed. EE2-responsive networks in other tissues are not as comprehensively defined which is a knowledge gap as regulated networks are expected to be tissue-specific. On the horizon, omics studies for estrogen-mediated effects in fish include: (1) Establishing conceptual frameworks for incorporating estrogen-responsive networks into environmental monitoring programs; (2) Leveraging in vitro and computational toxicology approaches to identify chemicals associated with estrogen receptor-mediated effects in fish (e.g., male vitellogenin production); (3) Discovering new tissue-specific estrogen receptor signaling pathways in fish; and (4) Developing quantitative adverse outcome pathway predictive models for estrogen signaling. As we look ahead, research into EE2 over the past several decades can serve as a template for the array of hormones and endocrine active substances yet to be fully characterized or discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Martyniuk
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada; Center for Environmental & Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; University of Florida Genetics Institute, USA; Canadian Rivers Institute, Canada.
| | - April Feswick
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada; Canadian Rivers Institute, Canada
| | - Kelly R Munkittrick
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada; Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada; Canadian Rivers Institute, Canada
| | - David A Dreier
- Center for Environmental & Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Nancy D Denslow
- Center for Environmental & Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; University of Florida Genetics Institute, USA
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Eni G, Ibor OR, Andem AB, Oku EE, Chukwuka AV, Adeogun AO, Arukwe A. Biochemical and endocrine-disrupting effects in Clarias gariepinus exposed to the synthetic pyrethroids, cypermethrin and deltamethrin. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 225:108584. [PMID: 31394255 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.108584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated plasma biochemical and steroid hormone responses, together with gonado-histopathological alterations in Clarias gariepinus exposed to sublethal concentrations of two synthetic pyrethroids (cypermethrin and deltamethrin). Fish were exposed to environmentally-relevant concentrations of cypermethrin at 0 (ethanol solvent control), 0.07, 0.014, 0.028, 0.056) and deltamethrin at 0.22, 0.44, 0.88 and 1.76 μg/L, for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Plasma enzyme (aspartate transaminase: AST, alanine transaminase: ALT and alkaline phosphatase: ALP) and steroid hormones (estradiol-17β: E2, testosterone: T) levels were analyzed. Gonado-histopathological evaluation shows the presence of ovo-testis (intersex), oocytes atresia, cytoplasmic degeneration and clumping of vitellogenic oocytes in females, while male fish displayed enlargement and degeneration of testicular seminiferous tubules after 28 days exposure to cypermethrin and deltamethrin. Plasma biochemical analysis in pesticides exposed fish revealed that AST, ALT and ALP were significantly increased in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, we observed respective and apparent concentration- and time-dependent increase and decrease of plasma E2 and T levels, compared to control. Interestingly, the significant increase in E2 levels paralleled gonadal ovo-testis (intersex) condition in exposed fish, indicating endocrine disruptive effects of cypermethrin and deltamethrin that favor the estrogenic pathway, in addition to overt negative consequences on reproductive, biochemical and physiological health of the exposed fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Eni
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Oju R Ibor
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria; Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Andem B Andem
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Ene E Oku
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | | | - Aina O Adeogun
- Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Augustine Arukwe
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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Carnevali O, Santangeli S, Forner-Piquer I, Basili D, Maradonna F. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals in aquatic environment: what are the risks for fish gametes? Fish Physiol Biochem 2018; 44:1561-1576. [PMID: 29948447 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-018-0507-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 25 years, extensive research in vertebrate species has identified several genomic pathways altered by exposures to anthropogenic chemicals with hormone-like activity mediated by their interaction with nuclear receptors. In addition, many pollutants have been shown to interfere with non-genomic (non-classical) pathways, but this mechanism of endocrine disruption is still poorly understood. Recently, the number of publications describing the effects of Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on fish reproduction, focusing on the deregulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis as well as on gamete quality, significantly increased. Depending on their ability to mimic endogenous hormones, the may differently affect male or female reproductive physiology. Inhibition of gametogenesis, development of intersex gonads, alteration of the gonadosomatic index, and decreased fertility rate have been largely documented. In males, alterations of sperm density, motility, and fertility have been observed in several wild species. Similar detrimental effects were described in females, including negative outcomes on oocyte growth and maturation plus the occurrence of apoptotic/autophagic processes. These pathways may affect gamete viability considered as one of the major indicators of reproductive endocrine disruption. Pollutants act also at DNA level producing DNA mutations and changes in epigenetic pathways inducing specific mechanisms of toxicity and/or aberrant cellular responses that may affect subsequent generation(s) through the germline. In conclusion, this review summarizes the effects caused by EDC exposure on fish reproduction, focusing on gametogenesis, giving a general overview of the different aspects dealing with this issue, from morphological alteration, deregulation of steroidogenesis, hormonal synthesis, and occurrence of epigenetic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliana Carnevali
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy.
- INBB Consorzio Interuniversitario di Biostrutture e Biosistemi, 00136, Rome, Italy.
| | - Stefania Santangeli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
- INBB Consorzio Interuniversitario di Biostrutture e Biosistemi, 00136, Rome, Italy
| | - Isabel Forner-Piquer
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Danilo Basili
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesca Maradonna
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy.
- INBB Consorzio Interuniversitario di Biostrutture e Biosistemi, 00136, Rome, Italy.
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Chen L, Zhang M, Fu F, Li J, Lin Z. Facile synthesis of magnetic covalent organic framework nanobeads and application to magnetic solid-phase extraction of trace estrogens from human urine. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1567:136-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Liu ZH, Chen QL, Chen Q, Li F, Li YW. Diethylstilbestrol arrested spermatogenesis and somatic growth in the juveniles of yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco), a fish with sexual dimorphic growth. Fish Physiol Biochem 2018; 44:789-803. [PMID: 29340879 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-018-0469-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In fish, spermatogenesis and somatic growth are mainly regulated by hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) and hypothalamic-pituitary-somatic (HPS) axes, respectively. Xenoestrogens have been reported to impair spermatogenesis in some fishes, and arrest somatic growth in some others, whereas, whether xenoestrogens are capable of disrupting spermatogenesis and somatic growth simultaneously in fish that exhibits sexual dimorphic growth is little known, and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, male juveniles of yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco), which exhibits a sexual dimorphic growth that favors males, were exposed to diethylstilbestrol (DES) for 28 days. After exposure, DES significantly disrupted the spermatogenesis (decreased gonadal-somatic index (GSI) and germ cell number) and arrested the somatic growth (declined body weight) of the catfish juveniles. Gene expression and plasma steroid analyses demonstrated the suppressed mRNA levels of genes in HPG axis (gnrh-II, fshβ, and lhβ in the brain and dmrt1, sf1, fshr, cyp17a1, cyp19a1a, and cyp11b2 in the testis) and decreased 17β-estrodial (E2) and 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) levels in plasma. Further analysis revealed the arrested germ cell proliferation (cyclin d1), meiosis (dmc1, sycp3), and enhanced apoptosis (decreased bcl-2 and elevated bax/bcl-2 ratio) in the testis. Besides, DES also suppressed the mRNA levels of genes in HPS axis (ghrh, gh, and prl in the brain and ghr, igf1, igf2a, and igf2b in the liver). The suppressed HPG and HPS axes were thus supposed to disturb spermatogenesis and arrest somatic growth in yellow catfish. The present study greatly extended our understanding on the mechanisms underlying the toxicity of DES on spermatogenesis and somatic growth of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hao Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Qi-Liang Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Fang Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Ying-Wen Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
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17
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Wang Y, Li Y, Chen Q, Liu Z. Diethylstilbestrol impaired oogenesis of yellow catfish juveniles through disrupting hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and germ cell development. J Appl Toxicol 2017; 38:308-317. [PMID: 28960386 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diethylstilbestrol (DES), a non-steroidal estrogen, has been found to cause altered germ cell development and disordered ovarian development in fish females. However, the mechanisms that might be involved are poorly understood. In this study, female juveniles of yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) (120 days post-hatching) were exposed to two doses (10 and 100 ng l-1 ) of DES for 28 days. After the endpoint of exposure, decreased ovary weight and gonadosomatic index, as well as various ovarian impairments were observed in response to DES. Besides, DES elevated the mRNA levels of vitellogenin 1 (vtg 1) and estrogen receptor 1 (esr 1) in liver and decreased 17β-estradiol level in plasma. Correspondingly, suppressed mRNA levels of the key genes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (such as cyp19a1b, gnrh-II, fshβ and lhβ in brain and fshr, lhr and cyp19a1a in ovary) after DES exposure were also observed. The declined level of plasma 17β-estradiol and altered gene expressions of genes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis were thus supposed to be closely related to the disrupted oogenesis in DES-treated fish. Analyses further demonstrated that, higher concentration of DES elevated the expression ratio of bax/bcl-2, indicating the enhanced apoptosis occurred in ovary. Moreover, DES upregulated the expressions of genes involved in proliferation (cyclin d1 and pcna), meiotic entry (cyp26a1 and scp3) and meiotic maintenance (dmc1), resulting in arrested oogenesis in catfish. The present study greatly extended our understanding on the mechanisms underlying of reproductive toxicity of DES on fish oogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Yingwen Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Qiliang Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Zhihao Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
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Karami A, Omar D, Lazorchak JM, Yap CK, Hashim Z, Courtenay SC. A comparison of biomarker responses in juvenile diploid and triploid African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, exposed to the pesticide butachlor. Environ Res 2016; 151:313-320. [PMID: 27522569 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Influence of waterborne butachlor (BUC), a commonly used pesticide, on morphometric, biochemical, and molecular biomarkers was evaluated in juvenile, full sibling, diploid and triploid African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Fish were exposed for 21 days to one of three concentrations of BUC [mean measured µg/L: 22, 44 or 60]. Unexposed (control) triploids were heavier and longer and had higher visceral-somatic index (VSI) than diploids. Also, they had lighter liver weight (HSI) and showed lower transcript levels of brain gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), aromatase (cyp191b) and fushi tarazu-factor (ftz-f1), and plasma testosterone levels than diploids. Butachlor treatments had no effects, in either diploid or triploid fish, on VSI, HSI, weight or length changes, condition factor (CF), levels of plasma testosterone, 17-β estradiol (E2), cortisol, cholesterol, or mRNA levels of brain tryptophan hydroxylase (tph2), forkhead box L2 (foxl2), and 11 β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11β-hsd2). Expressions of cyp191b and ftz-f1 in triploids were upregulated by the two highest concentrations of BUC. In diploid fish, however, exposures to all BUC concentrations decreased GnRH transcription and the medium BUC concentration decreased ftz-f1 transcription. Substantial differences between ploidies in basal biomarker responses are consistent with the reported impaired reproductive axis in triploid C. gariepinus. Furthermore, the present study showed the low impact of short term exposure to BUC on reproductive axis in C. gariepinus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Karami
- Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Dzolkhifli Omar
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - James M Lazorchak
- Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Chee Kong Yap
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zailina Hashim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Simon C Courtenay
- School of Environment, Resources and Sustainability, Canadian Water Network, Canadian Rivers Institute, University of Waterloo, Canada
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Karami A, Romano N, Galloway T, Hamzah H. Virgin microplastics cause toxicity and modulate the impacts of phenanthrene on biomarker responses in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Environ Res 2016; 151:58-70. [PMID: 27451000 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Despite the ubiquity of microplastics (MPs) in aquatic environments and their proven ability to carry a wide variety of chemicals, very little is known about the impacts of virgin or contaminant-loaded MPs on organisms. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the impacts of virgin or phenanthrene (Phe)-loaded low-density polyethylene (LDPE) fragments on a suite of biomarker responses in juvenile African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Virgin LDPE (50 or 500µg/L) were preloaded with one of two nominal Phe concentrations (10 or 100µg/L) and were exposed to the fish for 96h. Our findings showed one or both Phe treatments significantly increased the degree of tissue change (DTC) in the liver while decreased the transcription levels of forkhead box L2 (foxl2) and tryptophan hydroxylase2 (tph2) in the brain of C. gariepinus. Exposure to either levels of virgin MPs increased the DTC in the liver and plasma albumin: globulin ratio while decreased the transcription levels of tph2. Moreover, MPs modulated (interacted with) the impact of Phe on the DTC in the gill, plasma concentrations of cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), total protein (TP), albumin, and globulin, and the transcription levels of fushi tarazu-factor 1 (ftz-f1), gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), 11 β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11β-hsd2), and liver glycogen stores. Results of this study highlight the ability of virgin LDPE fragments to cause toxicity and to modulate the adverse impacts of Phe in C. gariepinus. Due to the wide distribution of MPs and other classes of contaminants in aquatic environments, further studies are urgently needed to elucidate the toxicity of virgin or contaminant-loaded MPs on organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Karami
- Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Nicholas Romano
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Tamara Galloway
- Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Exeter, UK
| | - Hazilawati Hamzah
- Haematology & Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia
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Karami A, Goh YM, Jahromi MF, Lazorchak JM, Abdullah M, Courtenay SC. Diploid and triploid African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) differ in biomarker responses to the pesticide chlorpyrifos. Sci Total Environ 2016; 557-558:204-211. [PMID: 26994807 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The impacts of environmental stressors on polyploid organisms are largely unknown. This study investigated changes in morphometric, molecular, and biochemical parameters in full-sibling diploid and triploid African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in response to chlorpyrifos (CPF) exposures. Juvenile fish were exposed to three concentrations of CPF (mean measured μg/L (SD): 9.71 (2.27), 15.7 (3.69), 31.21 (5.04)) under a static-renewal condition for 21days. Diploid control groups had higher hepatosomatic index (HSI), plasma testosterone (T), and brain GnRH and cyp19a2 expression levels than triploids. In CPF-exposed groups, changes in HSI, total weight and length were different between the diploid and triploid fish. In contrast, condition factor did not alter in any of the treatments, while visceral-somatic index (VSI) changed only in diploids. In diploid fish, exposure to CPF did not change brain 11β-hsd2, ftz-f1, foxl2, GnRH or cyp19a2 mRNA levels, while reduced tph2 transcript levels compared to the control group. In contrast, 11β-hsd2 and foxl2 expression levels were changed in triploids following CPF exposures. In diploids, plasma T levels showed a linear dose-response reduction across CPF treatments correlating with liver weight and plasma total cholesterol concentrations. In contrast, no changes in plasma cholesterol and T concentrations were observed in triploids. Plasma cortisol and 17-β estradiol (E2) showed no response to CPF exposure in either ploidy. Results of this first comparison of biomarker responses to pesticide exposure in diploid and polyploid animals showed substantial differences between diploid and triploid C. gariepinus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Karami
- Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Yong-Meng Goh
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Faseleh Jahromi
- Laboratory of Animal Production, Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - James M Lazorchak
- Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Maha Abdullah
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Simon C Courtenay
- School of Environment, Resources and Sustainability, Canadian Water Network, Canadian Rivers Institute, University of Waterloo, Canada
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García-Hernández MP, Rodenas MC, Cabas I, García-Alcázar A, Chaves-Pozo E, García-Ayala A. Tamoxifen disrupts the reproductive process in gilthead seabream males and modulates the effects promoted by 17α-ethynylestradiol. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 179:94-106. [PMID: 26404755 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
17α-Ethynylestradiol (EE2), which is used in oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy, is a well documented estrogenic endocrine disruptor and an aquatic contaminant. In the present study, adult male specimens of the marine hermaphrodite teleost gilthead (Sparus aurata L.) were fed a diet containing tamoxifen (Tmx), an estrogen receptor ligand used in cancer therapy, alone or combined with EE2, for 25 days and then fed a commercial diet for a further 25 days (recovery period). The effects of short (5days) and long (25 days) treatments on several reproductive and gonad immune parameters and the reversibility of the disruptive effects after the recovery period were examined. Our data showed that Tmx acted as an estrogenic endocrine disruptor as revealed by the increase in the hepatic transcription of the vitellogenin gene in males, the serum levels of 17β-estradiol and the gonad expression levels of the estrogen receptor α and G protein-coupled estrogen receptor genes, and the recruitment of leukocytes into the gonad, a well known estrogenic-dependent process in gilthead seabream males. On the other hand, Tmx also increased sperm concentration and motility as well as the serum levels of androgens and the expression levels of genes that codify for androgenic enzymes, while decreasing the expression levels of the gene that code for gonadal aromatase. When applied simultaneously, Tmx and EE2 could act in synergy or counteract, each other, depending on the parameter measured. The disruptive effect of EE2 and/or Tmx was not reversible after a 25 day recovery period.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P García-Hernández
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - M C Rodenas
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - I Cabas
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - A García-Alcázar
- Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Carretera de la Azohía s/n, Puerto de Mazarrón, 30860 Murcia, Spain
| | - E Chaves-Pozo
- Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Carretera de la Azohía s/n, Puerto de Mazarrón, 30860 Murcia, Spain.
| | - A García-Ayala
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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Rajakumar A, Senthilkumaran B. Dynamic expression of 11β-hydroxylase during testicular development, recrudescence and after hCG induction, in vivo and in vitro in catfish, Clarias batrachus. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2015; 211:69-80. [PMID: 25452027 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 11β-hydroxylase (11β-h), is involved in the production of 11-hydroxytestosterone, an immediate precursor for 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT), a potent androgen in teleosts. To understand the role of 11β-h in gonadal development, maturation, function and recrudescence in an annually reproducing teleost, the present study was conducted using Clarias batrachus. Four forms of 11β-h cDNA, regular type (2.253 kb), variant 1 (1.290 kb), variant 2 (1.223 kb) and variant 3 (1.978 kb) were identified from the testis of catfish which expressed ubiquitously with high levels in testis. 11β-h transcripts were detected as early as 0 days post hatch further, stage- and sex-dependent increase in the 11β-h transcripts were seen during gonadal differentiation/development. In addition, high expression of 11β-h (regular type) in pre-spawning phase was detected. Corroboratively, levels of 11-KT in serum and testicular tissue was high during pre-spawning and spawning phases, which might facilitate initiation and normal progression of spermatogenesis. The expression of 11β-h was high after human chorionic gonadotropin induction in vivo (all forms), and in vitro (regular type). Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence localization showed the presence of 11β-h in Sertoli and interstitial/Leydig cells of the testis. These results suggest that 11β-h is involved in late stages of testicular development, together with the regulation of seasonal reproductive cycle in catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anbazhagan Rajakumar
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Reproductive Biology, Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, P.O. Central University, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Balasubramanian Senthilkumaran
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Reproductive Biology, Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, P.O. Central University, Hyderabad 500046, India.
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Rajakumar A, Senthilkumaran B. Expression analysis of sox3 during testicular development, recrudescence, and after hCG induction in catfish, Clarias batrachus. Sex Dev 2014; 8:376-86. [PMID: 25428198 DOI: 10.1159/000368864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In teleosts, the expression of steroidogenic enzymes and related transcription factor genes occurs in a stage- and tissue-specific manner causing sexual development. The role of sox3, an evolutionary ancestor of SRY, has not been studied in detail. Therefore, the full-length cDNA of sox3 (1,197 kb) was cloned from catfish testis, and mRNA expression was analyzed during gonadal development, during the seasonal reproductive cycle, and after human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) induction. Tissue distribution analysis showed that sox3 expression was higher in testis, ovary, and brain compared to other tissues analyzed. Developing and mature testis showed higher sox3 expression than ovary of corresponding stages, and more sox3 transcripts were found during the spawning phase of the seasonal reproductive cycle. Expression of sox3 was upregulated by hCG after in vivo and in vitro induction, suggesting that gonadotropins might stimulate it. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry showed the presence of sox3 mRNA and protein in somatic and interstitial cell layers of the testis. Sox3 could also be found in the zona radiata of developing and mature oocytes. Exposure of methyltestosterone (1 µg/l) and ethinylestradiol (1 µg/l) for 21 days during testicular development showed lower sox3 expression levels in the testis and brain, indicating a certain feedback intervention. These results suggest a possible role for Sox3 in the regulation of testicular development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anbazhagan Rajakumar
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Reproductive Biology, Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, Centre for Advanced Studies, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
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Rajakumar A, Senthilkumaran B. Expression analysis of cyp11a1 during gonadal development, recrudescence and after hCG induction and sex steroid analog treatment in the catfish, Clarias batrachus. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 176:42-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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