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Yıldız SÇ, Seyyar SA, Saygılı O, Kimyon S, Mete A, Güngör K. Effect of Irrigation Solution Temperature on the Corneal Endothelial Functions in Posterior Vitrectomy: Room Temperature Versus Cooled. Eye Contact Lens 2023; 49:296-300. [PMID: 37171496 DOI: 10.1097/icl.0000000000000998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the effects of cooled and room temperature irrigation on the preoperative and early postoperative corneal endothelial parameter values in posterior vitrectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this prospective, randomized, comparative study, 68 patients underwent a standard 3-port, 23-G posterior vitrectomy operation by a single surgeon. Cooled irrigation solution was applied to 36 patients during surgery (group 1), and room temperature irrigation solution was applied to 32 patients (group 2). The patients were also divided into four groups according to their history of noncomplicated cataract surgery (phakic or pseudophakic) and the types of tamponade used (silicone or gas). The central corneal thickness (CCT), endothelial cell density (ECD), mean cell area (MCA), hexagonal cell percent, and coefficient of variation of cell area (CV) parameter values of the groups at preoperative and postoperative 1 month were compared. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences between the preoperative and postoperative corneal parameter values in groups 1 and 2 ( P >0.05). However, it was remarkable that the percentage of preoperative-postoperative change in all the corneal parameter values was higher in group 2. When the results of the subgroup analyses of the patients who were pseudophakic and used gas tamponade (Group D) in group 2 were examined, it was determined that the negative effects were significantly higher in the postoperative values for the ECD, MCA, CV, and CCT parameters compared with the preoperative values ( P <0.05). CONCLUSION In patients with pseudophakia and gas tamponade, cooled irrigation was found to be more advantageous for corneal parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Çeri Yıldız
- Ophthalmology Department (S.Ç.Y.), Gaziantep Abdulkadir Yuksel State Hospital, Gaziantep, Turkey; and Ophthalmology Department (S.A.S., O.S., S.K., A.M., K.G.), Gaziantep University Hospital, Gaziantep, Turkey
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Xi L. Research Progress of the Application of Hypothermia in the Eye. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2020; 2020:3897168. [PMID: 33381263 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3897168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypothermia is widely used in the medical field to protect organs or tissues from damage. Different research fields have different explanations of the protection mechanism of hypothermia. Hypothermia is also widely used in the field of ophthalmology, for example, in the eye bank, the preservation of corneal tissue and the preservation of the eyeball. Low temperature can also be applied to some ophthalmic diseases, such as allergic conjunctivitis, retinal ischemia, and retinal hypoxia. It is used to relieve eye symptoms or reduce tissue damage. Hypothermic techniques have important applications in ophthalmic surgery, such as corneal refractive surgery, vitrectomy surgery, and ciliary body cryotherapy for end-stage glaucoma. Hypothermia can reduce the inflammation of the cornea and protect the retinal tissue. The eyeball is a complex organ, including collagen tissue of the eyeball wall and retinal nerve tissue and retinal blood vessels. The mechanism of low temperature protecting eye tissue is complicated. It is important to understand the mechanism of hypothermia and its applications in ophthalmology. This review introduces the mechanism of hypothermia and its application in the eye banks, eye diseases (allergic conjunctivitis, retinal ischemia, and hypoxia), and eye surgeries (corneal transplant surgery, corneal refractive surgery, and vitrectomy).
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Kitahata S, Tanaka Y, Hori K, Kime C, Sugita S, Ueda H, Takahashi M. Critical Functionality Effects from Storage Temperature on Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cell Suspensions. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2891. [PMID: 30814559 PMCID: PMC6393435 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38065-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived retinal pigment epithelium (hiPSC-RPE) cells suspension have the potential for regenerative treatment. However, practical regenerative applications with hiPSC-RPE cells require the development of simple and cost-effective non-freezing preservation methods. We investigated the effect of non-freezing temperatures on suspended hiPSC-RPE cells in various conditions and analysed mechanisms of cell death, anoikis, Rho GTPases, hypoxia, microtubule destruction, and cell metabolism. Cells stored at 37 °C had the lowest viability due to hypoxia from high cell metabolism and cell deposits, and cells preserved at 4 °C were damaged via microtubule fragility. Cell suspensions at 16 °C were optimal with drastically reduced apoptosis and negligible necrosis. Moreover, surviving cells proliferated and secreted key proteins normally, compared to cells without preservation. hiPSC-RPE cell suspensions were optimally preserved at 16 °C. Temperatures above or below the optimal temperature decreased cell viability significantly yet differentially by mechanisms of cell death, cellular metabolism, microtubule destruction, and oxygen tension, all relevant to cell conditions. Surviving cells are expected to function as grafts where high cell death is often reported. This study provides new insight into various non-freezing temperature effects on hiPSC-RPE cells that are highly relevant to clinical applications and may improve cooperation between laboratories and hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Kitahata
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.,Application Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yuji Tanaka
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan. .,Division of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan.
| | - Kanji Hori
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8431, Japan
| | - Cody Kime
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Sunao Sugita
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.,Kobe City Eye Hospital Research Center, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ueda
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Masayo Takahashi
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.,Kobe City Eye Hospital Research Center, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
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Lee JP, Kim J, Park I, Ra H, Kwon S. Preventing condensation of objective lens in noncontact wide-angle viewing systems during vitrectomy. Int J Ophthalmol 2018; 11:1809-1813. [PMID: 30450312 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2018.11.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To assess the optimal conditions for preventing condensation of objective lens during vitrectomy with noncontact wide-angle viewing systems (WAVSs). METHODS We explored the effectiveness of the coating with ophthalmic viscoelastic device (OVDs) on the corneal surface and the soaking the objective lens in warm-saline for preventing condensation of objective lens. First, to find the optimal soaking time to keep the objective lens warm, we measured the temperature of objective lens every minute after soaking in warm saline. Second, to find optimal distance between cornea and objective lens, which provide as wide a view as possible and less condensation at the same time, we measured the condensation time with different distances. With the obtained optimal soaking time and distance, we explored the effect of coating cornea with OVDs and soaking objective lens in warm saline on condensation time. RESULTS One and 5min of soaking in warm saline was most effective for keeping the lens warm enough (45.1°C±2.1°C for 1min and 46.4°C ±1.0°C for 5min, P=0.109). The mean condensation times for the control group at 1, 3, and 5 mm from corneal surface to objective lens were 1±0.4, 4±1.4, 190±26.1s, respectively, thus 5 mm was most optimal distance for vitrectomy with WAVSs. For the OVD coating group, the mean condensation times were 1.5±0.3, 13±1.4, and 200±23.9s at 1, 3, and 5 mm distance and borderline significant compared with control group (P=0.068, 0.051, and 0.063, respectively). With the 1-minute warm saline soaking group, the mean condensation time were extended to 188±34.4, 416±65.7, and 600±121.3s at 1, 3, and 5 mm distance and statistically significant compared with control (P=0.043, 0.041 and 0.043, respectively). CONCLUSION OVD coating on corneal surface shows no difference on condensation time with control group. However, soaking the objective lens in warm saline revealed statistically significant extension of condensation time compared to control group. Therefore, keeping the objective lens warm with soaking in warm saline is a simple but effective to prevent condensation of objective lens during vitrectomy. The thermodynamics between objective lens and cornea during vitrectomy warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Pil Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Incheon Medical Center, Incheon 22532, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsoo Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea
| | - Inwon Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Ra
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bucheon St.Mary's Hospital, Bucheon, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 14647, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonil Kwon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea
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Romano MR, Cuomo F, Massarotti N, Mauro A, Salahudeen M, Costagliola C, Ambrosone L. Temperature Effect on Rheological Behavior of Silicone Oils. A Model for the Viscous Heating. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:7048-7054. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b03351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario R. Romano
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, via Manzoni 113, Rozzano, Milan 20089, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Massarotti
- Department
of Engineering, Universitá degli Studi di Napoli ”Parthenope”, Centro Direzionale, Isola C4, Napoli 80143, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mauro
- Department
of Engineering, Universitá degli Studi di Napoli ”Parthenope”, Centro Direzionale, Isola C4, Napoli 80143, Italy
- Universitá Telematica Pegaso, Piazza
Trieste e Trento n.48, 80132 Napoli, Italy
| | - Mohamed Salahudeen
- Department
of Engineering, Universitá degli Studi di Napoli ”Parthenope”, Centro Direzionale, Isola C4, Napoli 80143, Italy
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Yagura K, Shinoda K, Matsumoto S, Terauchi G, Kawashima M, Watanabe E, Matsumoto H, Iwata T, Mizota A, Miyake Y. Electroretinographic evaluations of retinal function before, just after, and after intravitreal injections. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31104. [PMID: 27492923 DOI: 10.1038/srep31104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravitreal injections (IVI) have become a part of daily practice for a growing number of procedures. We evaluated the retinal function by recording intraoperative photopic electroretinograms (ERGs) before an injection (T1), just after the injection (T2), and after the aspiration of the anterior chamber fluid (T3) of 19 eyes of 19 patients (mean age 70.6 years; men = 11) who received an IVI of an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor. The mean amplitudes of the b-wave, photopic negative responses (PhNR), and oscillatory potentials (OPs) 1 and 2 at T2 were significantly smaller than that at T1, but no significant difference was observed between T3 and T1. The mean implicit times of the a-wave and OP1, 2, and 3 at T2 and the a-wave and the OP2 at T3 were significantly longer than that at T1. The mean intraocular pressure (IOP) at T2 (49.32 mm Hg) was significantly higher and the IOP at T3 (8.74 mm Hg) was significantly lower than that at T1 (21.05 mm Hg). The retinal function was reduced and the IOP elevated just after the IVI. The response of each ERG component was different suggesting a different sensitivity of each type of retinal neuron to IVI.
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Romano MR, Romano V, Mauro A, Angi M, Costagliola C, Ambrosone L. The Effect of Temperature Changes in Vitreoretinal Surgery. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2016; 5:4. [PMID: 26929884 PMCID: PMC4757463 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.5.1.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Recent studies on temperature control in biology and medicine have found the temperature as a new instrument in healthcare. In this manuscript, we reviewed the effects of temperature and its potential role in pars plana vitrectomy. We also examined the relationship between intraocular pressure, viscosity, and temperature in order to determine the best balance to manipulate the tamponades during the surgery. Methods A literature review was performed to identify potentially relevant studies on intraocular temperature. Physics equations were applied to explain the described effects of temperature changes on the behavior of the endotamponades commonly used during vitreoretinal surgery. We also generated an operating diagram on the pressure–temperature plane for the values of both vapor–liquid equilibrium and intraocular pressure. Results The rapid circulation of fluid in the vitreous cavity reduces the heat produced by the retinal and choroidal surface, bringing the temperature toward room temperature (22°C, deep hypothermia). Temperature increases with endolaser treatment, air infusion, and the presence of silicone oil. The variations in temperature during vitreoretinal surgery are clinically significant, as the rheology of tamponades can be better manipulated by modulating intraocular pressure and temperature. Conclusions During vitreoretinal surgery, the intraocular temperature showed rapid and significant fluctuations at different steps of the surgical procedure inside the vitreous cavity. Temperature control can modulate the rheology of tamponades. Translational Relevance Intraoperative temperature control can improve neuroprotection during vitreoretinal surgery, induce the vaporization of perfluorcarbon liquid, and change the shear viscosity of silicone oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario R Romano
- Università degli Studi Federico II, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Scienze Riproduttive ed Odontostomatologiche, Naples, Italy
| | - Vito Romano
- St Paul's Eye Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Prescot Street, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Martina Angi
- St Paul's Eye Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Prescot Street, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ciro Costagliola
- Department of Bioscience and Territory (DIBT), University of Molise, 86090 Pesche (Is), Italy
| | - Luigi Ambrosone
- Department of Bioscience and Territory (DIBT), University of Molise, 86090 Pesche (Is), Italy
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Souza EVD, Souza NVD, Rodrigues MDLV. Experimental closed system surgical procedures and intraocular pressure fluctuation. Acta Cir Bras 2014; 29:721-6. [PMID: 25424292 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-86502014001800005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the behavior of intraocular pressure and its relationship with infusion pressure in vitrectomy, phacofragmentation and phacoemulsification surgeries in rabbits. METHODS Intraocular pressure fluctuation was measured in 24 eyes of 12 rabbits submitted to vitrectomy, phacofragmentation and phacoemulsification procedures (eight eyes per group). The procedures were divided according to the force of aspiration of the instrument. Intraocular pressure was monitored with a computerized polygraph by means of a cannula introduced into the vitreous chamber. RESULTS Intraocular pressure showed a mean variation from 33 mmHg (maximum) to 6 mmHg (minimum). Vitrectomy showed the greatest difference between weak and strong aspiration. The greatest fluctuations occurred during procedures with strong aspiration, with phacoemulsification showing the widest variation, with maximum peaks almost reaching 50 mmHg. The infusion pressure varied less than the intraocular pressure, especially at the lowest pressures. CONCLUSIONS The fluctuation of intraocular pressure during ocular surgeries was not great. The higher the aspiration pressure, the higher the intraocular pressure. The infusion pressure did not show a good correlation with intraocular pressure.
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Salcedo-villanueva G, Kon-jara V, Harasawa M, Cervantes-coste G, Ochoa-contreras D, Morales-cantón V, Guerrero-naranjo JL, Quiroz-mercado H, Landers MB. Vitreous humor thermodynamics during phacoemulsification. Int Ophthalmol 2015; 35:557-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s10792-014-9983-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Salido EM, Dorfman D, Bordone M, Chianelli M, González Fleitas MF, Rosenstein RE. Global and ocular hypothermic preconditioning protect the rat retina from ischemic damage. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61656. [PMID: 23626711 PMCID: PMC3633982 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal ischemia could provoke blindness. At present, there is no effective treatment against retinal ischemic damage. Strong evidence supports that glutamate is implicated in retinal ischemic damage. We investigated whether a brief period of global or ocular hypothermia applied 24 h before ischemia (i.e. hypothermic preconditioning, HPC) protects the retina from ischemia/reperfusion damage, and the involvement of glutamate in the retinal protection induced by HPC. For this purpose, ischemia was induced by increasing intraocular pressure to 120 mm Hg for 40 min. One day before ischemia, animals were submitted to global or ocular hypothermia (33°C and 32°C for 20 min, respectively) and fourteen days after ischemia, animals were subjected to electroretinography and histological analysis. Global or ocular HPC afforded significant functional (electroretinographic) protection in eyes exposed to ischemia/reperfusion injury. A marked alteration of the retinal structure and a decrease in retinal ganglion cell number were observed in ischemic retinas, whereas global or ocular HPC significantly preserved retinal structure and ganglion cell count. Three days after ischemia, a significant decrease in retinal glutamate uptake and glutamine synthetase activity was observed, whereas ocular HPC prevented the effect of ischemia on these parameters. The intravitreal injection of supraphysiological levels of glutamate induced alterations in retinal function and histology which were significantly prevented by ocular HPC. These results support that global or ocular HPC significantly protected retinal function and histology from ischemia/reperfusion injury, probably through a glutamate-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezequiel M Salido
- Laboratory of Retinal Neurochemistry and Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Human Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires/CEFyBO, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Abstract
PURPOSE To report in vivo the temperature variations occurring continuously inside the human eye during vitreoretinal surgery. METHODS Intraocular temperature was monitored during the entire surgical time in 14 eyes of 14 patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy. A custom made 23-gauge thermoprobe was inserted through a sclerotomy at 3.5 mm from the limbus. Temperature in the anterior chamber and on the retinal surface was measured at one time point, whilst the temperature in the vitreous cavity was monitored throughout the entire surgery. Time points of particular interest in the vitreous cavity were: at baseline (inflow off - outflow off), at the beginning of the vitrectomy (inflow off - outflow on), at the end of vitrectomy (inflow on-outflow on), during the epiretinal procedures (inflow on-outflow off), under air infusion, under oil and under endolaser treatment ongoing. RESULTS The mean temperature in the anterior chamber and on the nasal retinal side was 23.6 °C (SD 1.8)and 32.3 °C (SD 1.1), respectively. The mean vitreous temperature at baseline, before opening the infusion, was 33.6 °C (SD 1.4). The mean temperature at the beginning and the end of the vitrectomy was 26.8 °C (SD 1.0) and 24.8 °C (SD 0.8), respectively. During the epiretinal procedures, the mean temperature was 27.4 °C (SD 0.7). Under air infusion, the mean temperature increased to 29.2 °C (SD 1.2). The fluctuations in temperature were statistically different between the time points during the vitrectomy (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Vitreoretinal surgery induces measurable changes in temperature in the human eye, with significant fluctuations. In particular, the temperature in the vitreous cavity decreases when both the inflow and the outflow fluid lines are open, whilst it increases under air infusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario R Romano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
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Dugel PU, Zhou J, Abulon DJK, Buboltz DC. TISSUE ATTRACTION ASSOCIATED WITH 20-GAUGE, 23-GAUGE, AND ENHANCED 25-GAUGE DUAL-PNEUMATIC VITRECTOMY PROBES. Retina 2012; 32:1761-6. [DOI: 10.1097/iae.0b013e3182456f4d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Konno T, Uchibori T, Nagai A, Kogi K, Nakahata N. Effect of 2-(6-cyano-1-hexyn-1-yl)adenosine on ocular blood flow in rabbits. Life Sci 2007; 80:1115-22. [PMID: 17239401 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2006.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2006] [Revised: 11/22/2006] [Accepted: 11/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we reported that a relatively selective adenosine A(2A) receptor agonist 2-(6-cyano-1-hexyn-1-yl)adenosine (2-CN-Ado) elicited ocular hypotension in rabbits (Journal of Pharmacological Sciences 2005;97:501-509). In the present study, we investigated the effect of 2-CN-Ado on ocular blood flow in rabbit eyes. An intravitreal injection of 2-CN-Ado increased ocular blood flow, measured by a non-contact laser flowmeter. 2-CN-Ado-induced increase in ocular blood flow was accompanied with the retinal vasodilation. The increase in ocular blood flow was inhibited by an adenosine A(2A) receptor antagonist 1,3,7-trimethyl-8-(3-chlorostyryl)xanthine, but not by an adenosine A(2B) receptor antagonist alloxazine or an adenosine A(1) receptor antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine. The repetitive applications of topical 2-CN-Ado twice a day for 7 days produced a persistent increase in ocular blood flow with ocular hypotension. These results suggest that 2-CN-Ado increases the ocular blood flow mainly via adenosine A(2A) receptor, and that the topical application of 2-CN-Ado for several days not only increases the ocular blood flow but also prolong ocular hypotension, indicating that 2-CN-Ado may be a useful lead compound for the treatment of ischemic retinal diseases such as glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Konno
- Drug Research Section II, Fukushima Research Laboratories, R&D Department, Toa Eiyo Ltd., 1 Tanaka, Yuno, Iizaka, Fukushima 960-0280, Japan.
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Kunikata H, Tomita H, Abe T, Murata H, Sagara Y, Sato H, Wada Y, Fuse N, Nakagawa Y, Tamai M, Nishida K. Hypothermia Protects Cultured Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells against Indocyanine Green Toxicity. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2007; 23:35-9. [PMID: 17341148 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2006.0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine whether indocyanine green (ICG) is toxic to cultured human retinal pigment epithelial (ARPE-19) cells, and whether hypothermia can protect the ARPE-19 cells against the ICG toxicity. METHODS Cultured ARPE-19 cells were exposed to 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2.5, and 5 mg/mL of ICG dye at 37 and 4 degrees C for 30 min. The percentage of ARPE-19 cells that survived was determined by resazurin 1 day after the exposure. RESULTS Exposure of the RPE cells to a hypotonic saline solution with an osmolarity equal to 5 mg/mL of ICG did not induce a statistically significant decrease in the percentage of RPE cells that survived. Exposure of the ARPE-19 cells to ICG induced a significant decrease in the percentage of cell survival at all concentrations of ICG (P<0.05), except in 0.25 mg/mL at 37 degrees C. At 4 degrees C, on the other hand, ICG induced a statistically significant decrease in the percentage of RPE cell survival only at 5 mg/mL of ICG (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that ICG is toxic to human RPE cells in culture, and that cell death cannot be attributed to the low osmolarity. Hypothermia of 4 degrees C has a protective effect against ICG toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kunikata
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, and Ishinomaki Red Cross Hospital, Miyagi, Japan.
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Kunikata H, Abe T, Murata H, Sagara Y, Wakusawa R, Sato H, Yoshida M, Fuse N, Tamai M. Hypothermia of 8 degrees C protects cultured retinal pigment epithelial cells and retinal ganglion cells against trypan blue toxicity. Am J Ophthalmol 2006; 141:754-6. [PMID: 16564820 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2005.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2005] [Revised: 10/27/2005] [Accepted: 10/27/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether hypothermia of 8 degrees C can protect cultured human retinal pigment epithelial (ARPE-19) cells and rat retinal ganglion cells (RGC-5) against trypan blue (TB) toxicity. DESIGN Laboratory investigation. METHODS ARPE-19 cells and RGC-5 were exposed to balanced salt solution as controls, and 0.05% and 0.5% TB at 37 degrees C, and at 8 degrees C for one minute. The percentage of surviving cells was determined by the resazurin test. RESULTS TB induced a statistically significant decrease in the percentage of ARPE-19 cells surviving at 0.5% TB at 37 degrees C (P < .01). Conversely, TB induced a statistically significant decrease in the percentage of RGC-5 surviving at all conditions except for 0.05% TB at 8 degrees C (0.05% 37 degrees C; P < .05, 0.5% 37 degrees C and 8 degrees C; P < .01). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that reducing the temperature to 8 degrees C has a protective effect against the TB toxicity for ARPE-19 cells and RGC-5 in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kunikata
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
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Kunikata H, Tomita H, Murata H, Sagara Y, Sato H, Wada Y, Fuse N, Nakagawa Y, Abe T, Tamai M. Hypothermia protects cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cells against trypan blue toxicity. Ophthalmologica 2006; 220:114-7. [PMID: 16491034 DOI: 10.1159/000090576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2005] [Accepted: 07/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether trypan blue (TB) is toxic to cultured human retinal pigment epithelial (ARPE-19) cells, and whether hypothermia can protect ARPE-19 cells against TB toxicity. METHODS ARPE-19 cells were cultured and exposed to balanced salt solution as a control, while other cells were exposed to 0.05, 0.2, and 0.5% TB dye at 37 and 4 degrees C for 5 and 30 min. The percentage of ARPE-19 cells that survived was determined by resazurin 1 day after the exposure. RESULTS A statistically significant decrease in the percentage of ARPE-19 cells surviving was found after exposure to 0.2 and 0.5% TB at any temperature or for any exposure duration (p < 0.01). The percentage of RPE cells surviving at 0.05% was not significantly different from that of controls except for a 30-min exposure at 37 degrees C. The percentage of cells surviving at 4 degrees C for a 5-min exposure to 0.5% TB and a 30-min exposure to 0.2 and 0.5% was significantly higher than that at 37 degrees C under each condition (p < 0.01 for all). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that TB is toxic to human RPE cells, and the toxicity is dose- and exposure duration-dependent. Exposing the cells at 4 degrees C had a protective effect against higher concentrations or longer exposure durations of TB compared to exposure at 37 degrees C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kunikata
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
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Ohashi H, Kasuga Y, Hata N, Manabe SI, Takashima Y, Lee S, Yamakawa R. Morphological changes in the optic disc after vitrectomy and fluid-air exchange. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2004; 242:484-8. [PMID: 14968365 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-004-0877-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2003] [Revised: 12/11/2003] [Accepted: 01/14/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although many investigators have previously reported various ocular complications induced by vitrectomy, little is known about post-operative morphological changes in the optic disc. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of vitrectomy and fluid-air (F-A) exchange on the post-operative morphology of the optic disc. METHODS We examined 31 eyes that had undergone vitrectomy for macular holes (22 eyes) or epiretinal membranes (9 eyes). Only the patients with macular holes were treated by fluid-air exchange. Morphological changes in the optic disc were evaluated using the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph. RESULTS C/D area ratios significantly decreased for 6 months post-operatively. The rim volumes significantly increased for 1 month following surgery. Cup volumes significantly decreased at 3 months after surgery. No significant change of mean cup depth was observed post-operatively. The eyes that had not been subjected to F-A exchange showed no significant morphological change following surgery. In contrast, the eyes that had undergone F-A exchange showed significant decrease in C/D area ratio and cup volume and an increase in rim volume and mean cup depth for considerable periods following surgery. Any of the patients showed no post-operative visual field loss. CONCLUSION Whereas no visual field loss is observed, vitrectomy with F-A exchange induces morphological changes in the optic disc for significant periods following surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Ohashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tenri Yorozu Hospital, 200 Mishimacho, 632-8552, Tenri city, Nara, Japan.
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