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Pandya JD, Musyaju S, Modi HR, Okada-Rising SL, Bailey ZS, Scultetus AH, Shear DA. Intranasal delivery of mitochondria targeted neuroprotective compounds for traumatic brain injury: screening based on pharmacological and physiological properties. J Transl Med 2024; 22:167. [PMID: 38365798 PMCID: PMC10874030 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-04908-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Targeting drugs to the mitochondrial level shows great promise for acute and chronic treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in both military and civilian sectors. Perhaps the greatest obstacle to the successful delivery of drug therapies is the blood brain barrier (BBB). Intracerebroventricular and intraparenchymal routes may provide effective delivery of small and large molecule therapies for preclinical neuroprotection studies. However, clinically these delivery methods are invasive, and risk inadequate exposure to injured brain regions due to the rapid turnover of cerebral spinal fluid. The direct intranasal drug delivery approach to therapeutics holds great promise for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disorders, as this route is non-invasive, bypasses the BBB, enhances the bioavailability, facilitates drug dose reduction, and reduces adverse systemic effects. Using the intranasal method in animal models, researchers have successfully reduced stroke damage, reversed Alzheimer's neurodegeneration, reduced anxiety, improved memory, and delivered neurotrophic factors and neural stem cells to the brain. Based on literature spanning the past several decades, this review aims to highlight the advantages of intranasal administration over conventional routes for TBI, and other CNS disorders. More specifically, we have identified and compiled a list of most relevant mitochondria-targeted neuroprotective compounds for intranasal administration based on their mechanisms of action and pharmacological properties. Further, this review also discusses key considerations when selecting and testing future mitochondria-targeted drugs given intranasally for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jignesh D Pandya
- TBI Bioenergetics, Metabolism and Neurotherapeutics Program, Brain Trauma Neuroprotection (BTN) Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience (CMPN), Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA.
| | - Sudeep Musyaju
- TBI Bioenergetics, Metabolism and Neurotherapeutics Program, Brain Trauma Neuroprotection (BTN) Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience (CMPN), Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Hiren R Modi
- TBI Bioenergetics, Metabolism and Neurotherapeutics Program, Brain Trauma Neuroprotection (BTN) Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience (CMPN), Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Starlyn L Okada-Rising
- TBI Bioenergetics, Metabolism and Neurotherapeutics Program, Brain Trauma Neuroprotection (BTN) Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience (CMPN), Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Zachary S Bailey
- TBI Bioenergetics, Metabolism and Neurotherapeutics Program, Brain Trauma Neuroprotection (BTN) Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience (CMPN), Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Anke H Scultetus
- TBI Bioenergetics, Metabolism and Neurotherapeutics Program, Brain Trauma Neuroprotection (BTN) Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience (CMPN), Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Deborah A Shear
- TBI Bioenergetics, Metabolism and Neurotherapeutics Program, Brain Trauma Neuroprotection (BTN) Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience (CMPN), Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
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Kamal SR, Potukutchi S, Gelovani DJ, Bonomi RE, Kallakuri S, Cavanaugh JM, Mangner T, Conti A, Liu RS, Pasqualini R, Arap W, Sidman RL, Perrine SA, Gelovani JG. Spatial and temporal dynamics of HDACs class IIa following mild traumatic brain injury in adult rats. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:1683-1693. [PMID: 35027678 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01369-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The fundamental role of epigenetic regulatory mechanisms involved in neuroplasticity and adaptive responses to traumatic brain injury (TBI) is gaining increased recognition. TBI-induced neurodegeneration is associated with several changes in the expression-activity of various epigenetic regulatory enzymes, including histone deacetylases (HDACs). In this study, PET/CT with 6-([18F]trifluoroacetamido)-1- hexanoicanilide ([18F]TFAHA) to image spatial and temporal dynamics of HDACs class IIa expression-activity in brains of adult rats subjected to a weight drop model of diffuse, non-penetrating, mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). The mTBI model was validated by histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses of brain tissue sections for localization and magnitude of expression of heat-shock protein-70 kDa (HSP70), amyloid precursor protein (APP), cannabinoid receptor-2 (CB2), ionized calcium-binding adapter protein-1 (IBA1), histone deacetylase-4 and -5 (HDAC4 and HDAC5). In comparison to baseline, the expression-activities of HDAC4 and HDAC5 were downregulated in the hippocampus, nucleus accumbens, peri-3rd ventricular part of the thalamus, and substantia nigra at 1-3 days post mTBI, and remained low at 7-8 days post mTBI. Reduced levels of HDAC4 and HDAC5 expression observed in neurons of these brain regions post mTBI were associated with the reduced nuclear and neuropil levels of HDAC4 and HDAC5 with the shift to perinuclear localization of these enzymes. These results support the rationale for the development of therapeutic strategies to upregulate expression-activity of HDACs class IIa post-TBI. PET/CT (MRI) with [18F]TFAHA can facilitate the development and clinical translation of unique therapeutic approaches to upregulate the expression and activity of HDACs class IIa enzymes in the brain after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swatabdi R Kamal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Shreya Potukutchi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - David J Gelovani
- School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Robin E Bonomi
- School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Srinivasu Kallakuri
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - John M Cavanaugh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Thomas Mangner
- Cyclotron-Radiochemistry Facility, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.,Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Alana Conti
- Research and Development Service, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.,Departments of Neurosurgery and Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Ren-Shyan Liu
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Renata Pasqualini
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Wadih Arap
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Richard L Sidman
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Shane A Perrine
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Juri G Gelovani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA. .,Molecular Imaging Program, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA. .,College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
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Trivedi A, Tercovich KG, Casbon AJ, Raber J, Lowell C, Noble-Haeusslein LJ. Neutrophil-specific deletion of Syk results in recruitment-independent stabilization of the barrier and a long-term improvement in cognitive function after traumatic injury to the developing brain. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 157:105430. [PMID: 34153467 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
While traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of death and disability in children, we have yet to identify those pathogenic events that determine the extent of recovery. Neutrophils are best known as "first responders" to sites of infection and trauma where they become fully activated, killing pathogens via proteases that are released during degranulation. However, this activational state may generate substantial toxicity in the young brain after TBI that is partially due to developmentally regulated inadequate antioxidant reserves. Neutrophil degranulation is triggered via a downstream signaling pathway that is dependent on spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk). To test the hypothesis that the activational state of neutrophils is a determinant of early pathogenesis and long-term recovery, we compared young, brain-injured conditional knockouts of Syk (sykf/fMRP8-cre+) to congenic littermates (sykf/f). Based upon flow cytometry, there was an extended recruitment of distinct leukocyte subsets, including Ly6G+/Ly6C- and Ly6G+/Ly6Cint, over the first several weeks post-injury which was similar between genotypes. Subsequent assessment of the acutely injured brain revealed a reduction in blood-brain barrier disruption to both high and low molecular weight dextrans and reactive oxygen species in sykf/fMRP8-cre+ mice compared to congenic littermates, and this was associated with greater preservation of claudin 5 and neuronal integrity, as determined by Western blot analyses. At adulthood, motor learning was less affected in brain-injured sykf/fMRP8-cre+ mice as compared to sykf/f mice. Performance in the Morris Water Maze revealed a robust improvement in hippocampal-dependent acquisition and short and long-term spatial memory retention in sykf/fMRP8-cre+ mice. Subsequent analyses of swim path lengths during hidden platform training and probe trials showed greater thigmotaxis in brain-injured sykf/f mice than sham sykf/f mice and injured sykf/fMRP8-cre+ mice. Our results establish the first mechanistic link between the activation state of neutrophils and long-term functional recovery after traumatic injury to the developing brain. These results also highlight Syk kinase as a novel therapeutic target that could be further developed for the brain-injured child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpa Trivedi
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Departments of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Kayleen G Tercovich
- Departments of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Amy Jo Casbon
- Departments of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jacob Raber
- Departments of Behavioral Neuroscience, Neurology, and Radiation Medicine, ONPRC, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Division of Neuroscience, ONPRC, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| | - Clifford Lowell
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Linda J Noble-Haeusslein
- Departments of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Departments of Neurology and Psychology, The Dell Medical School and the College of Liberal Arts, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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Qin D, Wang J, Le A, Wang TJ, Chen X, Wang J. Traumatic Brain Injury: Ultrastructural Features in Neuronal Ferroptosis, Glial Cell Activation and Polarization, and Blood-Brain Barrier Breakdown. Cells 2021; 10:1009. [PMID: 33923370 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The secondary injury process after traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in motor dysfunction, cognitive and emotional impairment, and poor outcomes. These injury cascades include excitotoxic injury, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, ion imbalance, inflammation, and increased vascular permeability. Electron microscopy is an irreplaceable tool to understand the complex pathogenesis of TBI as the secondary injury is usually accompanied by a series of pathologic changes at the ultra-micro level of the brain cells. These changes include the ultrastructural changes in different parts of the neurons (cell body, axon, and synapses), glial cells, and blood–brain barrier, etc. In view of the current difficulties in the treatment of TBI, identifying the changes in subcellular structures can help us better understand the complex pathologic cascade reactions after TBI and improve clinical diagnosis and treatment. The purpose of this review is to summarize and discuss the ultrastructural changes related to neurons (e.g., condensed mitochondrial membrane in ferroptosis), glial cells, and blood–brain barrier in the existing reports of TBI, to deepen the in-depth study of TBI pathomechanism, hoping to provide a future research direction of pathogenesis and treatment, with the ultimate aim of improving the prognosis of patients with TBI.
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Vázquez-Rosa E, Shin MK, Dhar M, Chaubey K, Cintrón-Pérez CJ, Tang X, Liao X, Miller E, Koh Y, Barker S, Franke K, Crosby DR, Schroeder R, Emery J, Yin TC, Fujioka H, Reynolds JD, Harper MM, Jain MK, Pieper AA. P7C3-A20 treatment one year after TBI in mice repairs the blood-brain barrier, arrests chronic neurodegeneration, and restores cognition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:27667-75. [PMID: 33087571 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2010430117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic neurodegeneration, a major cause of the long-term disabilities that afflict survivors of traumatic brain injury (TBI), is linked to an increased risk for late-life neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, vascular dementia, and chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Here, we report on the restoration of blood–brain barrier (BBB) structure and function by P7C3-A20 when administered 12 mo after TBI. This pharmacotherapy was associated with cessation of chronic neurodegeneration and recovery of normal cognitive function, benefits that persisted long after treatment cessation. Pharmacologic renewal of BBB integrity may thus provide a new treatment option for patients who have suffered a remote TBI, or other neurological conditions associated with BBB deterioration. Chronic neurodegeneration in survivors of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of morbidity, with no effective therapies to mitigate this progressive and debilitating form of nerve cell death. Here, we report that pharmacologic restoration of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), 12 mo after murine TBI, is associated with arrested axonal neurodegeneration and cognitive recovery, benefits that persisted for months after treatment cessation. Recovery was achieved by 30 d of once-daily administration of P7C3-A20, a compound that stabilizes cellular energy levels. Four months after P7C3-A20, electron microscopy revealed full repair of TBI-induced breaks in cortical and hippocampal BBB endothelium. Immunohistochemical staining identified additional benefits of P7C3-A20, including restoration of normal BBB endothelium length, increased brain capillary pericyte density, increased expression of BBB tight junction proteins, reduced brain infiltration of immunoglobulin, and attenuated neuroinflammation. These changes were accompanied by cessation of TBI-induced chronic axonal degeneration. Specificity for P7C3-A20 action on the endothelium was confirmed by protection of cultured human brain microvascular endothelial cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death, as well as preservation of BBB integrity in mice after exposure to toxic levels of lipopolysaccharide. P7C3-A20 also protected mice from BBB degradation after acute TBI. Collectively, our results provide insights into the pathophysiologic mechanisms behind chronic neurodegeneration after TBI, along with a putative treatment strategy. Because TBI increases the risks of other forms of neurodegeneration involving BBB deterioration (e.g., Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, vascular dementia, chronic traumatic encephalopathy), P7C3-A20 may have widespread clinical utility in the setting of neurodegenerative conditions.
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Vu C, Chai Y, Coloigner J, Nederveen AJ, Borzage M, Bush A, Wood JC. Quantitative perfusion mapping with induced transient hypoxia using BOLD MRI. Magn Reson Med 2020; 85:168-181. [PMID: 32767413 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gadolinium-based dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) is commonly used to characterize blood flow in patients with stroke and brain tumors. Unfortunately, gadolinium contrast administration has been associated with adverse reactions and long-term accumulation in tissues. In this work, we propose an alternative deoxygenation-based DSC (dDSC) method that uses a transient hypoxia gas paradigm to deliver a bolus of paramagnetic deoxygenated hemoglobin to the cerebral vasculature for perfusion imaging. METHODS Through traditional DSC tracer kinetic modeling, the MR signal change induced by this hypoxic bolus can be used to generate regional perfusion maps of cerebral blood flow, cerebral blood volume, and mean transit time. This gas paradigm and blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD)-MRI were performed concurrently on a cohort of 66 healthy and chronically anemic subjects (age 23.5 ± 9.7, female 64%). RESULTS Our results showed reasonable global and regional agreement between dDSC and other flow techniques, such as phase contrast and arterial spin labeling. CONCLUSION In this proof-of-concept study, we demonstrated the feasibility of using transient hypoxia to generate a contrast bolus that mimics the effect of gadolinium and yields reasonable perfusion estimates. Looking forward, optimization of the hypoxia boluses and measurement of the arterial-input function is necessary to improve the accuracy of dDSC. Additionally, a cross-validation study of dDSC and DSC in brain tumor and ischemic stroke subjects is warranted to evaluate the clinical diagnostic utility of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chau Vu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yaqiong Chai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Radiology, CIBORG Laboratory, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Julie Coloigner
- Department of Radiology, CIBORG Laboratory, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Univ Rennes, CNRS, Inria, Inserm, IRISA UMR 6074, Empenn ERL U 1228, Rennes, France
| | - Aart J Nederveen
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Matthew Borzage
- Division of Neonatology, Fetal and Neonatal Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Adam Bush
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - John C Wood
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics and Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Main BS, Villapol S, Sloley SS, Barton DJ, Parsadanian M, Agbaegbu C, Stefos K, McCann MS, Washington PM, Rodriguez OC, Burns MP. Apolipoprotein E4 impairs spontaneous blood brain barrier repair following traumatic brain injury. Mol Neurodegener 2018; 13:17. [PMID: 29618365 PMCID: PMC5885297 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-018-0249-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a major cause of disability and mortality, to which there is currently no comprehensive treatment. Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) dysfunction is well documented in human TBI patients, yet the molecular mechanisms that underlie this neurovascular unit (NVU) pathology remains unclear. The apolipoprotein-E (apoE) protein has been implicated in controlling BBB integrity in an isoform dependent manner, via suppression of Cyclophilin A (CypA)-Matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9) signaling cascades, however the contribution of this pathway in TBI-induced BBB permeability is not fully investigated. METHODS We exposed C57Bl/6 mice to controlled cortical impact and assessed NVU and BBB permeability responses up to 21 days post-injury. We pharmacologically probed the role of the CypA-MMP-9 pathway in BBB permeability after TBI using Cyclosporin A (CsA, 20 mg/kg). Finally, as the apoE4 protein is known to be functionally deficient compared to the apoE3 protein, we used humanized APOE mice as a clinically relevant model to study the role of apoE on BBB injury and repair after TBI. RESULTS In C57Bl/6 mice there was an inverse relationship between soluble apoE and BBB permeability, such that damaged BBB stabilizes as apoE levels increase in the days following TBI. TBI mice displayed acute pericyte loss, increased MMP-9 production and activity, and reduced tight-junction expression. Treatment with the CypA antagonist CsA in C57Bl/6 mice attenuates MMP-9 responses and enhances BBB repair after injury, demonstrating that MMP-9 plays an important role in the timing of spontaneous BBB repair after TBI. We also show that apoe mRNA is present in both astrocytes and pericytes after TBI. We report that APOE3 and APOE4 mice have similar acute BBB responses to TBI, but APOE3 mice display faster spontaneous BBB repair than APOE4 mice. Isolated microvessel analysis reveals delayed pericyte repopulation, augmented and sustained MMP-9 expression at the NVU, and impaired stabilization of Zonula Occludens-1, Occludin and Claudin-5 expression at tight junctions in APOE4 mice after TBI compared to APOE3 mice. CONCLUSIONS These data confirm apoE as an important modulator of spontaneous BBB stabilization following TBI, and highlights the APOE4 allele as a risk factor for poor outcome after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bevan S Main
- Laboratory for Brain Injury and Dementia, Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Sonia Villapol
- Laboratory for Brain Injury and Dementia, Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Stephanie S Sloley
- Laboratory for Brain Injury and Dementia, Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - David J Barton
- Laboratory for Brain Injury and Dementia, Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Maia Parsadanian
- Laboratory for Brain Injury and Dementia, Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Chinyere Agbaegbu
- Laboratory for Brain Injury and Dementia, Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Kathryn Stefos
- Laboratory for Brain Injury and Dementia, Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Mondona S McCann
- Laboratory for Brain Injury and Dementia, Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Patricia M Washington
- Laboratory for Brain Injury and Dementia, Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Olga C Rodriguez
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Mark P Burns
- Laboratory for Brain Injury and Dementia, Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, New Research Building-EG11, 3970 Reservoir Rd, NW, Washington, D.C, 20057, USA.
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Ichkova A, Rodriguez-Grande B, Bar C, Villega F, Konsman JP, Badaut J. Vascular impairment as a pathological mechanism underlying long-lasting cognitive dysfunction after pediatric traumatic brain injury. Neurochem Int 2017; 111:93-102. [PMID: 28377126 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of death and disability in children. Indeed, the acute mechanical injury often evolves to a chronic brain disorder with long-term cognitive, emotional and social dysfunction even in the case of mild TBI. Contrary to the commonly held idea that children show better recovery from injuries than adults, pediatric TBI patients actually have worse outcome than adults for the same injury severity. Acute trauma to the young brain likely interferes with the fine-tuned developmental processes and may give rise to long-lasting consequences on brain's function. This review will focus on cerebrovascular dysfunction as an important early event that may lead to long-term phenotypic changes in the brain after pediatric TBI. These, in turn may be associated with accelerated brain aging and cognitive dysfunction. Finally, since no effective treatments are currently available, understanding the unique pathophysiological mechanisms of pediatric TBI is crucial for the development of new therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Claire Bar
- CNRS UMR 5287, INCIA, University of Bordeaux, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital of Bordeaux, France
| | - Frederic Villega
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital of Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Jerome Badaut
- CNRS UMR 5287, INCIA, University of Bordeaux, France; Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
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Stadler KL, Pease AP, Ballegeer EA. Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging Protocol of the Normal Canine Brain. Front Vet Sci 2017; 4:41. [PMID: 28377923 PMCID: PMC5359224 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), specifically dynamic susceptibility MRI (DSC-MRI) is routinely performed as a supplement to conventional MRI in human medicine for patients with intracranial neoplasia and cerebrovascular events. There is minimal data on the use of DSC-MRI in veterinary patients and a DSC-MRI protocol in the veterinary patient has not been described. Sixteen normal dogs, 6 years or older were recruited for this study. The sample population included 11 large dogs (>11 kg) and 5 small dogs (<11 kg). DSC-MRI was performed on a 1.5-T MRI using an adjusted protocol inherent to the MRI. Contrast media was injected using an automatic power injector. Injections were made after five MR measurements were obtained. Following image acquisition, an arterial input function (AIF) graph mapping the transit time of contrast within the cerebral arteries was generated. The manually selected time points along this graph were used to compute perfusion maps. A dose and rate of 0.1 mmol/kg gadolinium-based contrast media at 3 ml/s followed by 10 ml saline flush at 3 ml/s was used in all dogs greater than 11 kg. In all dogs >11 kg, a useable AIF and perfusion map was generated. One dog less than 11 kg received the same contrast dose and rate. In this patient, the protocol did not generate a useable AIF. The remainder of the dogs less than 11 kg followed a protocol of 0.2 mmol/kg gadolinium-based contrast media at 1.5 ml/s with a 10 ml saline flush at 1.5 ml/s. A useable AIF and perfusion map was generated in the remaining dogs <11 kg using the higher contrast dose and slower rate protocol. This study establishes a contrast dose and administration rate for canine DSC-MRI imaging that is different in dogs greater than 11 kg compared to dogs less than 11 kg. These protocols may be used for future applications to evaluate hemodynamic disturbances in canine intracranial pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystina L Stadler
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine , East Lansing, MI , USA
| | - Anthony P Pease
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine , East Lansing, MI , USA
| | - Elizabeth A Ballegeer
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine , East Lansing, MI , USA
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Price L, Wilson C, Grant G. Blood–Brain Barrier Pathophysiology following Traumatic Brain Injury. Translational Research in Traumatic Brain Injury 2015. [DOI: 10.1201/b18959-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Yao X, Uchida K, Papadopoulos MC, Zador Z, Manley GT, Verkman AS. Mildly Reduced Brain Swelling and Improved Neurological Outcome in Aquaporin-4 Knockout Mice following Controlled Cortical Impact Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2015; 32:1458-64. [PMID: 25790314 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2014.3675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain edema following traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Prior indirect evidence has suggested the involvement of astrocyte water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP4) in the pathogenesis of TBI. Here, focal TBI was produced in wild type (AQP4(+/+)) and knockout (AQP4(-/-)) mice by controlled cortical impact injury (CCI) following craniotomy with dura intact (parameters: velocity 4.5 m/sec, depth 1.7 mm, dwell time 150 msec). AQP4-deficient mice showed a small but significant reduction in injury volume in the first week after CCI, with a small improvement in neurological outcome. Mechanistic studies showed reduced intracranial pressure at 6 h after CCI in AQP4(-/-) mice, compared with AQP4(+/+) control mice (11 vs. 19 mm Hg), with reduced local brain water accumulation as assessed gravimetrically. Transmission electron microscopy showed reduced astrocyte foot-process area in AQP4(-/-) mice at 24 h after CCI, with greater capillary lumen area. Blood-brain barrier disruption assessed by Evans blue dye extravasation was similar in AQP4(+/+) and AQP4(-/-) mice. We conclude that the mildly improved outcome in AQP4(-/-) mice following CCI results from reduced cytotoxic brain water accumulation, though concurrent cytotoxic and vasogenic mechanisms in TBI make the differences small compared to those seen in disorders where cytotoxic edema predominates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Yao
- 1 Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California , San Francisco, California.,2 Departments of Medicine and Physiology, University of California , San Francisco, California
| | - Kazuyoshi Uchida
- 1 Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California , San Francisco, California
| | - Marios C Papadopoulos
- 3 Academic Neurosurgery Unit, University of London , Tooting, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zsolt Zador
- 1 Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California , San Francisco, California
| | - Geoffrey T Manley
- 1 Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California , San Francisco, California
| | - Alan S Verkman
- 2 Departments of Medicine and Physiology, University of California , San Francisco, California
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Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects all age groups in a population and is an injury generating scientific interest not only as an acute event, but also as a complex brain disease with several underlying neurobehavioral and neuropathological characteristics. We review early and long-term alterations after juvenile and adult TBI with a focus on changes in the neurovascular unit (NVU), including neuronal interactions with glia and blood vessels at the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Post-traumatic changes in cerebral blood-flow, BBB structures and function, as well as mechanistic pathways associated with brain aging and neurodegeneration are presented from clinical and experimental reports. Based on the literature, increased attention on BBB changes should be integrated in studies characterizing TBI outcome and may provide a meaningful therapeutic target to resolve detrimental post-traumatic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Pop
- Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354 USA
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Badaut J, Bix GJ. Vascular neural network phenotypic transformation after traumatic injury: potential role in long-term sequelae. Transl Stroke Res 2013; 5:394-406. [PMID: 24323723 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-013-0304-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The classical neurovascular unit (NVU), composed primarily of endothelium, astrocytes, and neurons, could be expanded to include smooth muscle and perivascular nerves present in both the up- and downstream feeding blood vessels (arteries and veins). The extended NVU, which can be defined as the vascular neural network (VNN), may represent a new physiological unit to consider for therapeutic development in stroke, traumatic brain injury, and other brain disorders (Zhang et al., Nat Rev Neurol 8(12):711-716, 2012). This review is focused on traumatic brain injury and resultant post-traumatic changes in cerebral blood flow, smooth muscle cells, matrix, blood-brain barrier structures and function, and the association of these changes with cognitive outcomes as described in clinical and experimental reports. We suggest that studies characterizing TBI outcomes should increase their focus on changes to the VNN, as this may yield meaningful therapeutic targets to resolve posttraumatic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Badaut
- Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Coleman Pavilion, Room A1120, 11175 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA,
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Bouzat P, Francony G, Thomas S, Valable S, Mauconduit F, Fevre M, Barbier EL, Bernaudin M, Lahrech H, Payen J. Reduced brain edema and functional deficits after treatment of diffuse traumatic brain injury by carbamylated erythropoietin derivative*: . Crit Care Med 2011; 39:2099-105. [DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0b013e31821cb7b2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Simard JM, Kahle KT, Gerzanich V. Molecular mechanisms of microvascular failure in central nervous system injury--synergistic roles of NKCC1 and SUR1/TRPM4. J Neurosurg 2010; 113:622-9. [PMID: 20035575 DOI: 10.3171/2009.11.jns081052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Microvascular failure largely underlies the damaging secondary events that accompany traumatic brain injury (TBI). Changes in capillary permeability result in the extravasation of extracellular fluid, inflammatory cells, and blood, thereby producing cerebral edema, inflammation, and progressive secondary hemorrhage (PSH). Recent work in rat models of TBI and stroke have implicated 2 ion transport proteins expressed in brain endothelial cells as critical mediators of edema formation: the constitutively expressed Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) cotransporter, NKCC1, and the trauma/ischemia-induced SUR1-regulated NC(Ca-ATP) (SUR1/TRPM4) channel. Whereas NKCC1 function requires adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), activation of SUR1/TRPM4 occurs only after ATP depletion. This opposite dependence on intracellular ATP levels implies that one or the other mechanism will activate/deactivate as ATP concentrations rise and fall during periods of ischemia/reperfusion, resulting in continuous edema formation regardless of cellular energy status. Moreover, with critical ATP depletion, sustained opening of SUR1/TRPM4 channels results in the oncotic death of endothelial cells, leading to capillary fragmentation and PSH. Bumetanide and glibenclamide are 2 well-characterized, safe, FDA-approved drugs that inhibit NKCC1 and the SUR1/TRPM4 channel, respectively. When used alone, these drugs have provided documented beneficial effects in animal models of TBI- and ischemiaassociated cerebral edema and PSH. Given the mechanistic and temporal differences by which NKCC1 and the SUR1/TRPM4 channel contribute to the pathophysiological mechanisms of these events, combination therapy with bumetanide and glibenclamide may yield critical synergy in preventing injury-associated capillary failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Marc Simard
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201-1595, USA.
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Jeffcote T, Ho KM. Associations between cerebrospinal fluid protein concentrations, serum albumin concentrations and intracranial pressure in neurotrauma and intracranial haemorrhage. Anaesth Intensive Care 2010; 38:274-9. [PMID: 20369759 DOI: 10.1177/0310057x1003800208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that using intravenous isotonic albumin solution for haemodynamic resuscitation in neurotrauma is associated with adverse outcomes. This study assessed the correlations between cerebrospinal fluid protein concentrations, serum albumin concentrations and intracranial pressure in a cohort of neurosurgical patients. After obtaining ethics committee approval, correlations between concomitant cerebrospinal fluid protein concentrations, serum albumin concentrations and the mean daily intracranial pressure of 63 consecutive neurosurgical patients, grouped as neurotrauma or intracranial haemorrhage, admitted between 1 January and 31 December 2007, were assessed. The mean daily intracranial pressure was significantly associated with cerebrospinal fluid protein concentrations (Spearman correlation coefficient [SCC] = 0.496, P = 0.001), white cell counts (SCC = 0.359, P = 0.001), red cell counts (SCC = 0.399, P = .0O01) and serum albumin concentrations (SCC = 0.431, P = 0.001) in patients with neurotrauma (n=23). Cerebrospinal fluid protein concentrations were also significantly associated with concomitant serum albumin concentrations (SCC = 0.393, P = 0.001) in these patients. In patients with intracranial haemorrhage (n=40), the mean daily intracranial pressure was only significantly associated with cerebrospinal fluid white cell and red cell counts but not cerebrospinal fluid protein and serum albumin concentrations. In summary, intracranial pressure is correlated with cerebrospinal fluid protein and serum albumin concentrations in patients with severe neurotrauma, and these suggest that blood-brain barrier may not be completely intact after severe neurotrauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Jeffcote
- Department of Intensive Care, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Valable S, Francony G, Bouzat P, Fevre MC, Mahious N, Bouet V, Farion R, Barbier E, Lahrech H, Remy C, Petit E, Segebarth C, Bernaudin M, Payen JF. The impact of erythropoietin on short-term changes in phosphorylation of brain protein kinases in a rat model of traumatic brain injury. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2010; 30:361-9. [PMID: 19809465 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2009.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We found that recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) reduced significantly the development of brain edema in a rat model of diffuse traumatic brain injury (TBI) (impact-acceleration model). In this study, we investigated the molecular and intracellular changes potentially involved in these immediate effects. Brain tissue nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, phosphorylation level of two protein kinases (extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK)-1/-2 and Akt), and brain water content were measured 1 (H1) and 2 h (H2) after insult. Posttraumatic administration of rhEPO (5,000 IU/kg body weight, intravenously, 30 mins after injury) reduced TBI-induced upregulation of ERK phosphorylation, although it increased Akt phosphorylation at H1. These early molecular changes were associated with a reduction in brain NO synthesis at H1 and with an attenuation of brain edema at H2. Intraventricular administration of the ERK-1/-2 inhibitor, U0126, or the Akt inhibitor, LY294002, before injury showed that ERK was required for brain edema formation, and that rhEPO-induced reduction of edema could involve the ERK pathway. These results were obtained in the absence of any evidence of blood-brain barrier damage on contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance images. The findings of our study indicate that the anti edematous effect of rhEPO could be mediated through an early inhibition of ERK phosphorylation after diffuse TBI.
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Yanagawa Y, Sakamoto T, Takasu A, Okada Y. Relationship between maximum intracranial pressure and traumatic lesions detected by T2*-weighted imaging in diffuse axonal injury. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 66:162-5. [PMID: 19131819 DOI: 10.1097/TA.0b013e3181469857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We prospectively investigated whether the number of traumatic lesions detected by magnetic resonance imaging correlated with the level of intracranial pressure (ICP) and outcome among patients with diffuse axonal injury (DAI). MATERIALS We prospectively studied 19 patients with closed head injuries who were admitted to the Critical Care and Trauma Services at our medical center and who fulfilled the following criteria: did not recover to a Glasgow Coma Scale score greater than 8 after impact, without fixed dilated pupils, and with initial computed tomography findings compatible with DAI. All subjects (n = 19) underwent ICP monitoring for at least 4 days, and T2*-gradient echo imaging was performed within 4 weeks of the impact. RESULTS A significantly positive correlation was found between the number of lesions detected by magnetic resonance imaging and maximum ICP. The average Glasgow Coma Scale in the good outcome group (Glasgow Outcome Scale IV and V, n = 8) was significantly greater than that in the poor outcome group (Glasgow Outcome Scale I-III, n = 11). The average maximum ICP and the number of lesions in the good outcome group were significantly less than those in the poor outcome group. CONCLUSION The number of lesions detected by T2*-gradient echo imaging correlates with the degree of intracranial hypertension and outcome in DAI.
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Chapon C, Franconi F, Lacoeuille F, Hindré F, Saulnier P, Benoit JP, Le Jeune JJ, Lemaire L. Imaging E-selectin expression following traumatic brain injury in the rat using a targeted USPIO contrast agent. MAGMA 2008; 22:167-74. [PMID: 19107536 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-008-0161-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2008] [Revised: 11/10/2008] [Accepted: 11/28/2008] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this work was to map E-selectin expression in a traumatic brain injury model using a newly-designed MR contrast agent. Iron cores, responsible for susceptibility effects and therefore used as T2* contrast agents, need to be coated in order to be stabilized and need to be targeted to be useful. METHODS We have designed a molecule coating composed, at one end, of bisphosphonate to ensure anchorage of the coating on the iron core and, at the other end, of Fukuda's defined heptapeptide known to target selectin binding sites. CONCLUSION The synthesized nanoparticles were able to non-invasively target the traumatic brain lesion, inducing a specific T2* decrease of about 25% up to at least 70 min post-injection of the targeted contrast agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Chapon
- INSERM U 646, Ingénierie de la Vectorisation Particulaire, 10 rue André Boquel, Angers, France
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Lu K, Cheng N, Wu C, Yang Y. NKCC1-mediated traumatic brain injury-induced brain edema and neuron death via Raf/MEK/MAPK cascade: . Crit Care Med 2008; 36:917-22. [DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0b013e31816590c4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Pasco A, Lemaire L, Franconi F, Le Fur Y, Noury F, Saint-André JP, Benoit JP, Cozzone PJ, Le Jeune JJ. Perfusional deficit and the dynamics of cerebral edemas in experimental traumatic brain injury using perfusion and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. J Neurotrauma 2007; 24:1321-30. [PMID: 17711393 PMCID: PMC3218539 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2006.0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to characterize edema dynamics, cerebral blood volume, and flow alterations in an experimental model of brain trauma using quantitative diffusion and perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Associated with an influx of water in the intracellular space 1-5 h post-trauma as demonstrated by the 40% reduction in apparent diffusion coefficient, a 70-80% reduction in cerebral blood flow was measured within the lesioned region. Transient hypoperfusion (40-50%) was also observed in the non-traumatized contralateral hemisphere, although there was no evidence of edema formation. After the initial cytotoxic edema, a clear evolution toward extracellular water accumulation was observed, demonstrated by an increase in apparent diffusion coefficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Pasco
- Ingénierie de la vectorisation particulaire
INSERM : U646Université d'AngersBatiment IBT 10, Rue Andre Boquel 49100 ANGERS,FR
| | - Laurent Lemaire
- Ingénierie de la vectorisation particulaire
INSERM : U646Université d'AngersBatiment IBT 10, Rue Andre Boquel 49100 ANGERS,FR
- Correspondence should be adressed to: Laurent Lemaire
| | - Florence Franconi
- SCAS-UNIV ANGERS, Service Commun d'Analyses Spectroscopiques
Université d'AngersUFR Sciences, 2 boulevard Lavoisier 49045 Angers cedex,FR
| | - Yann Le Fur
- CRMBM, Centre de résonance magnétique biologique et médicale
CNRS : UMR6612Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II27 Bvd Jean Moulin 13385 MARSEILLE CEDEX 05,FR
| | - Fanny Noury
- Ingénierie de la vectorisation particulaire
INSERM : U646Université d'AngersBatiment IBT 10, Rue Andre Boquel 49100 ANGERS,FR
| | | | - Jean-Pierre Benoit
- Ingénierie de la vectorisation particulaire
INSERM : U646Université d'AngersBatiment IBT 10, Rue Andre Boquel 49100 ANGERS,FR
| | - Patrick J. Cozzone
- CRMBM, Centre de résonance magnétique biologique et médicale
CNRS : UMR6612Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II27 Bvd Jean Moulin 13385 MARSEILLE CEDEX 05,FR
| | - Jean-Jacques Le Jeune
- Ingénierie de la vectorisation particulaire
INSERM : U646Université d'AngersBatiment IBT 10, Rue Andre Boquel 49100 ANGERS,FR
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Zlotnik A, Gurevich B, Cherniavsky E, Tkachov S, Matuzani-ruban A, Leon A, Shapira Y, Teichberg VI. The Contribution of the Blood Glutamate Scavenging Activity of Pyruvate to its Neuroprotective Properties in a Rat Model of Closed Head Injury. Neurochem Res 2008; 33:1044-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-007-9548-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2007] [Accepted: 11/08/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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