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Long C, Zhou X, Xia F, Zhou B. Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction and Gut Microbiota in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Assessment, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Considerations. Biology (Basel) 2024; 13:243. [PMID: 38666855 PMCID: PMC11048184 DOI: 10.3390/biology13040243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a type of metabolic stress liver injury closely related to insulin resistance (IR) and genetic susceptibility without alcohol consumption, which encompasses a spectrum of liver disorders ranging from simple hepatic lipid accumulation, known as steatosis, to the more severe form of steatohepatitis (NASH). NASH can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), posing significant health risks. As a multisystem disease, NAFLD is closely associated with systemic insulin resistance, central obesity, and metabolic disorders, which contribute to its pathogenesis and the development of extrahepatic complications, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, and certain extrahepatic cancers. Recent evidence highlights the indispensable roles of intestinal barrier dysfunction and gut microbiota in the onset and progression of NAFLD/NASH. This review provides a comprehensive insight into the role of intestinal barrier dysfunction and gut microbiota in NAFLD, including intestinal barrier function and assessment, inflammatory factors, TLR4 signaling, and the gut-liver axis. Finally, we conclude with a discussion on the potential therapeutic strategies targeting gut permeability and gut microbiota in individuals with NAFLD/NASH, such as interventions with medications/probiotics, fecal transplantation (FMT), and modifications in lifestyle, including exercise and diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changrui Long
- Department of Pharmacy, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sehenzhen 518107, China;
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China;
| | - Fan Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sehenzhen 518107, China;
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Active Substance Screening and Translational Research, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Benjie Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sehenzhen 518107, China;
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Active Substance Screening and Translational Research, Shenzhen 518107, China
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2
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Yao F, Du Y, Tian S, Chang G, Zhang Y, Zhu R, Cai C, Shao S, Zhou T. Identification and characterization of Achromobacter spanius P-9 and elucidation of its deoxynivalenol-degrading potential. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:178. [PMID: 38498224 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03864-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) poses significant challenges due to its frequent contamination of grains and associated products. Microbial strategies for mitigating DON toxicity showed application potential. Eight bacterial isolates with DON degradation activity over 5% were obtained from various samples of organic fertilizer in this study. One of the isolates emerged as a standout, demonstrating a substantial degradation capability, achieving a 99.21% reduction in DON levels. This isolate, underwent thorough morphological, biochemical, and molecular characterization to confirm its identity, and was identified as a new strain of Achromobacter spanius P-9. Subsequent evaluations revealed that the strain P-9 retains its degradation activity after a 24-h incubation, reaching optimal performance at 35 °C with a pH of 8.0. Further studies indicated that Ca2+ ions enhance the degradation process, whereas Zn2+ ions exert an inhibitory effect. This is the pioneering report of DON degradation by Achromobacter spanius, illuminating its prospective utility in addressing DON contamination challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yao
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Chem & Bio Processing Technology of Farm Product, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Yaowen Du
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Chem & Bio Processing Technology of Farm Product, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Siyi Tian
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Chem & Bio Processing Technology of Farm Product, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Guoli Chang
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Chem & Bio Processing Technology of Farm Product, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Chem & Bio Processing Technology of Farm Product, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Ruiyu Zhu
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Chem & Bio Processing Technology of Farm Product, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Chenggang Cai
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Chem & Bio Processing Technology of Farm Product, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China.
| | - Suqin Shao
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, N1G 5C9, Canada.
| | - Ting Zhou
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, N1G 5C9, Canada
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3
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Fan J, Zhang Y, Zuo M, Ding S, Li J, Feng S, Xiao Y, Tao S. Novel mechanism by which extracellular vesicles derived from Lactobacillus murinus alleviates deoxynivalenol-induced intestinal barrier disruption. Environ Int 2024; 185:108525. [PMID: 38408410 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a common environmental pollutant that poses a serious health risk to humans worldwide. This study was aim to explore whether gut microbiota is involved in DON-induced intestinal toxicity as well as to reveal effect of probiotics derived from gut microbiota in protecting intestinal barrier and to elucidate mechanism. We found that DON caused disturbed gut microbiota, particularly Lactobacillus murinus (L. murinus) deficiency. DON enhanced M1 macrophage polarization and decreased tight junction protein expression. Microbiota transplantation experiments showed that transfer of DON-disrupted microbiota to healthy mice resulted in delivery of DON-induced intestinal toxicity. Besides, DON lost its damaging effect on macrophage and intestinal barrier in antibiotic-treated mice. Further intervention experiments revealed that L. murinus induce macrophage conversion from M1 to M2 phenotype through secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) to alleviate DON-induced intestinal barrier disruption. Mechanistically, EVs activate TLR2 to promote M2 macrophage polarization and release IL-10, which in turn enhances intestinal barrier function. Upon successful translation of its efficacy into clinical practice, EVs created from L. murinus could be a novel possible treatment strategy for DON-induced gut disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Fan
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuhan Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Minyu Zuo
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shixuan Ding
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shengkai Feng
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yingping Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Shiyu Tao
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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4
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Xue D, Cheng Y, Pang T, Kuai Y, An Y, Wu K, Li Y, Lai M, Wang B, Wang S. Sodium butyrate alleviates deoxynivalenol-induced porcine intestinal barrier disruption by promoting mitochondrial homeostasis via PCK2 signaling. J Hazard Mater 2023; 459:132013. [PMID: 37467604 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most plentiful trichothecenes occurring in food and feed, which brings severe health hazards to both animals and humans. This study aims to investigate whether sodium butyrate (NaB) can protect the porcine intestinal barrier from DON exposure through promoting mitochondrial homeostasis. In a 4-week feeding experiment, 28 male piglets were allocated according to a 2 by 2 factorial arrangement of treatments with the main factors including supplementation of DON (< 0.8 vs. 4.0 mg/kg) and NaB (0.0 vs. 2 g/kg) in a corn/soybean-based diet. Dietary NaB supplementation mitigated the damaged mitochondrial morphology within the jejunal mucosa and the disrupted gut epithelial tight junctions irritated by DON. In IPEC-J2 cells, we found efficient recovery of the intestinal epithelial barrier occurred following NaB administration. This intestinal barrier reparation was facilitated by NaB-induced PCK2-mediated glyceroneogenesis and restoration of mitochondrial structure and function. In conclusion, we elucidated a mechanism of PCK2-mediated improvement of mitochondrial function by NaB to repair porcine intestinal barrier disruption during chronic DON exposure. Our findings highlight the promise of NaB for use in protecting against DON-induced gut epithelial tight junction disruption in piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfang Xue
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yating Cheng
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Tiantian Pang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yunyi Kuai
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yu An
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Kuntan Wu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Mengyu Lai
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Bihan Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China.
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5
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Xia D, Mo Q, Yang L, Wang W. Crosstalk between Mycotoxins and Intestinal Microbiota and the Alleviation Approach via Microorganisms. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14120859. [PMID: 36548756 PMCID: PMC9784275 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14120859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungus. Due to their widespread distribution, difficulty in removal, and complicated subsequent harmful by-products, mycotoxins pose a threat to the health of humans and animals worldwide. Increasing studies in recent years have highlighted the impact of mycotoxins on the gut microbiota. Numerous researchers have sought to illustrate novel toxicological mechanisms of mycotoxins by examining alterations in the gut microbiota caused by mycotoxins. However, few efficient techniques have been found to ameliorate the toxicity of mycotoxins via microbial pathways in terms of animal husbandry, human health management, and the prognosis of mycotoxin poisoning. This review seeks to examine the crosstalk between five typical mycotoxins and gut microbes, summarize the functions of mycotoxins-induced alterations in gut microbes in toxicological processes and investigate the application prospects of microbes in mycotoxins prevention and therapy from a variety of perspectives. The work is intended to provide support for future research on the interaction between mycotoxins and gut microbes, and to advance the technology for preventing and controlling mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiyang Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qianyuan Mo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wence Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-020-85283756
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Maidana L, de Souza M, Bracarense APFRL. Lactobacillus plantarum and Deoxynivalenol Detoxification: A Concise Review. J Food Prot 2022; 85:1815-1823. [PMID: 36173895 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-22-077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Mycotoxins are toxic secondary fungal metabolites that contaminate feeds, and their levels remain stable during feed processing. The economic impact of mycotoxins on animal production happens mainly due to losses related to direct effects on animal health and trade losses related to grain rejection. Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a trichothecene mycotoxin that has contaminated approximately 60% of the grains worldwide. Ingestion of DON induces many toxic effects on human and animal health. Detoxification strategies to decrease DON levels in food and feeds include physical and chemical methods; however, they are not very effective when incorporated into the industrial production process. A valuable alternative to achieve this aim is the use of lactic acid bacteria. These bacteria can control fungal growth and thus overcome DON production or can detoxify the mycotoxin through adsorption and biotransformation. Some Lactobacillus spp. strains, such as Lactobacillus plantarum, have demonstrated preventive effects against DON toxicity in poultry and swine. This beneficial effect is associated with a binding capacity of lactic acid bacteria cell wall peptidoglycan with mycotoxins. Moreover, several antifungal compounds have been isolated from L. plantarum supernatants, including lactic, acetic, caproic, phenyl lactic, 3-hydroxylated fatty, and cyclic dipeptide acids. Biotransformation of DON by L. plantarum into other products is also hypothesized, but the mechanism remains unknown. In this concise review, we highlight the use of L. plantarum as an alternative approach to reduce DON levels and toxicity. Although the action mechanism of L. plantarum is still not fully understood, these bacteria are a safe, efficient, and low-cost strategy to reduce economic losses from mycotoxin contamination cases. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Maidana
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, 86057-970, Brazil.,Department of Pathological Sciences, Veterinary Sciences Faculty, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, 111408, Paraguay
| | - Marielen de Souza
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula F R L Bracarense
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, 86057-970, Brazil
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Soler L, Miller I, Terciolo C, Hummel K, Nöbauer K, Neves M, Oswald IP. Exposure of intestinal explants to NX, but not to DON, enriches the secretome in mitochondrial proteins. Arch Toxicol 2022. [PMID: 35674809 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03318-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
NX is a type A trichothecene produced by Fusarium graminearum with limited information on its toxicity. NX is structurally similar to deoxynivalenol (DON), only differing by the lacking keto group at C8. Because of the structural similarity of the two toxins as well as their potential co-occurrence in food and feed, it is of interest to determine the toxicity of this new compound. In this study, we compared the protein composition of the extracellular media of pig intestinal explants (secretome) exposed to 10 µM of DON or NX for 4 h compared with controls. The combination of two complementary quantitative proteomic approaches (a gel-based and a gel-free approach) identified 18 and 23 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) for DON and NX, respectively, compared to controls. Functional analysis suggested that, whereas DON toxicity was associated with decreased cell viability and cell destruction, NX toxicity was associated with an enrichment of mitochondrial proteins in the secretome. The presence of these proteins may be associated with the already known ability of NX to induce an intestinal inflammation. Overall, our results indicated that DON- and NX-induced changes in the extracellular proteome of intestinal explants are different. The increased leakage/secretion of mitochondrial proteins by NX may be a feature of NX toxicity.
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Xue D, Yang P, Yang Y, Wang Y, Wu K, Qi D, Wang S. Deoxynivalenol triggers porcine intestinal tight junction disorder through hijacking SLC5A1 and PGC1α-mediated mitochondrial function. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 163:112921. [PMID: 35307453 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.112921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin frequently occurring in human and animal food worldwide, which raises increasing public health concerns. Growing evidence suggests that mitochondria is a pivotal molecular target for DON. However, the contribution of mitochondrial dysfunction to the pathogenesis of DON-induced gut epithelial barrier disruption remains poorly understood. In an animal experiment, piglets exposed to 2.89 mg DON/kg feed for 4 weeks showed altered metabolomic profiling in the serum and compromised transcriptome in the jejunum. DON exposure also impaired mitochondrial structure in the jejunal mucosa, corresponding with dysfunction of the tight junctions. In IPEC-J2 cells, metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses revealed that DON exposure perturbed biological processes occurring in the mitochondria and disordered the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial energy metabolism. Fuel utilization from glucose was affected by DON exposure, as were mitochondrial morphological dynamics leading to increased fragmentation. A marked loss of Na+/glucose cotransporter (SLC5A1) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ co-activator 1α (PGC1α) was observed in DON-treated cells. Taken together, our data highlight the critical role of impaired mitochondrial energy metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis in abnormal intestinal tight junction upon DON exposure, and provide a potential mitochondrial target for intestinal mucosal restoration following DON exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfang Xue
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Yanyu Yang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Kuntan Wu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Desheng Qi
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
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Maresca M, Alatou R, Pujol A, Nicoletti C, Perrier J, Giardina T, Simon G, Méjean V, Fons M. RadA, a MSCRAMM Adhesin of the Dominant Symbiote Ruminococcus gnavus E1, Binds Human Immunoglobulins and Intestinal Mucins. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1613. [PMID: 34827611 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Adhesion to the digestive mucosa is considered a key factor for bacterial persistence within the gut. In this study, we show that Ruminococcus gnavus E1 can express the radA gene, which encodes an adhesin of the MSCRAMMs family, only when it colonizes the gut. The RadA N-terminal region contains an all-β bacterial Ig-like domain known to interact with collagens. We observed that it preferentially binds human immunoglobulins (IgA and IgG) and intestinal mucins. Using deglycosylated substrates, we also showed that the RadA N-terminal region recognizes two different types of motifs, the protein backbone of human IgG and the glycan structure of mucins. Finally, competition assays with lectins and free monosaccharides identified Galactose and N-Acetyl-Galactosamine motifs as specific targets for the binding of RadA to mucins and the surface of human epithelial cells.
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Zhou Y, Qi S, Meng X, Lin X, Duan N, Zhang Y, Yuan W, Wu S, Wang Z. Deoxynivalenol photocatalytic detoxification products alleviate intestinal barrier damage and gut flora disorder in BLAB/c mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 156:112510. [PMID: 34390814 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON), a trichothecene mycotoxin, is one of the most globally prevalent mycotoxins mainly produced by Fusarium species. DON exposure can cause spectrum of symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, gastroenteritis, growth retardation, immunosuppression, and intestinal flora disorders in humans and animals. Therefore, the implication of DON degradation technology is of great significance for food safety. Recently, photocatalytic degradation technology has been applied for DON control. However, the toxicity of the intermediates identified in the degradation process was often ignored. In this work, based on previous successful degradation of DON and evaluation of the in vitro toxicity of DON photocatalytic detoxification products (DPDPs), we further studied the in vivo toxicity of DPDPs and mainly explored their effects on intestinal barrier function and intestinal flora in mice. The results demonstrated that the DPDPs treated with photocatalyst for 120 min effectively increased the expression of intestinal tight junction proteins and improved the disorder of gut flora. Meanwhile, compared with DON-exposed mice, the DPDPs reduced the level of inflammation and oxidative stress of intestinal tissue, and improved growth performance, enterohepatic circulation, energy metabolism, and autonomic activity. All the results indicated that the toxicity of the DPDPs irradiated for 120 min was much lower than that of DON or even nontoxic. Therefore, we hope that this photocatalytic degradation technology can be used as a promising tool for the detoxification of mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control of Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Shuo Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control of Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiangyi Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control of Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xianfeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control of Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Nuo Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control of Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing of Sichuan, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Wenbo Yuan
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214002, China
| | - Shijia Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control of Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Zhouping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control of Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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11
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Li H, Jiang M, Zhao SY, Zhang SQ, Lu L, He X, Feng GX, Wu X, Fan SJ. Exosomes are involved in total body irradiation-induced intestinal injury in mice. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:1111-1123. [PMID: 33637947 PMCID: PMC8209125 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00615-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation-induced intestinal injury is a catastrophic complication in patients receiving radiotherapy. Circulating exosomes from patients undergoing radiotherapy can mediate communication between cells and facilitate a variety of pathological processes in vivo, but its effects on ionizing radiation-induced intestinal damage are undetermined. In this study we investigated the roles of exosomes during total body irradiation (TBI)-induced intestinal injury in vivo and in vitro. We isolated exosomes from serum of donor mice 24 h after lethal dose (9 Gy) TBI (Exo-IR-24h), then intravenously injected the exosomes into receipt mice, and found that Exo-IR-24h injection not only exacerbated 9 Gy TBI-induced lethality and weight loss, but also promoted crypt-villus structural and functional injury of the small intestine in receipt mice. Moreover, Exo-IR-24h injection significantly enhanced the apoptosis and DNA damage of small intestine in receipt mice following TBI exposure. In murine intestinal epithelial MODE-K cells, treatment with Exo-IR-24h significantly promoted 4 Gy ionizing radiation-induced apoptosis, resulting in decreased cell vitality. We further demonstrated that Exo-IR-24h promoted the IR-induced injury in receipt mice partially through its DNA damage-promoting effects and attenuating Nrf2 antioxidant response in irradiated MODE-K cells. In addition, TBI-related miRNAs and their targets in the exosomes of mice were enriched functionally using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses. Finally, injection of GW4869 (an inhibitor of exosome biogenesis and release, 1.25 mg·kg-1·d-1, ip, for 5 consecutive days starting 3 days before radiation exposure) was able to rescue mice against 9 Gy TBI-induced lethality and intestinal damage. Collectively, this study reveals that exosomes are involved in TBI-induced intestinal injury in mice and provides a new target to protect patients against irradiation-induced intestinal injury during radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China.
| | - Mian Jiang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Shu-Ya Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Shu-Qin Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Xin He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Guo-Xing Feng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Sai-Jun Fan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China.
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12
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Abstract
The intestinal tract encompasses the largest mucosal surface fortified with a fine layer of intestinal epithelial cells along with highly sophisticated network of the lamina propria immune cells that are indispensable to sustain gut homeostasis. However, it can be challenging to uphold homeostasis when these cells in the intestine are perpetually exposed to insults of both endogenous and exogenous origin. The complex networking and dynamic microenvironment in the intestine demand highly functional cells ultimately burdening the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) leading to ER stress. Unresolved ER stress is one of the primary contributors to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Studies also suggest that ER stress can be the primary cause of inflammation and/or the consequence of inflammation. Therefore, understanding the patterns of expression of ER stress regulators and deciphering the intricate interplay between ER stress and inflammatory pathways in intestinal epithelial cells in association with lamina propria immune cells contribute toward the development of novel therapies to tackle IBD. This review provides imperative insights into the molecular markers involved in the pathogenesis of IBD by potentiating ER stress and inflammation and briefly describes the potential pharmacological intervention strategies to mitigate ER stress and IBD. In addition, genetic mutations in the biomarkers contributing to abnormalities in the ER stress signaling pathways further emphasizes the relevance of biomarkers in potential treatment for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanchez Preethi Eugene
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Jamma Trinath
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, India
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13
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Li HP, Xu CM, Wen BY, Li AQ, Zha GM, Jin XY, Zhao YZ, Feng LP, Cao YD, Yang GY, Wang YY, Zhong K. Extracellular production of recombinant sus scrofa trefoil factor 3 by Brevibacillus choshinensis. Exp Ther Med 2020; 19:2149-2154. [PMID: 32104278 PMCID: PMC7027283 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) is involved in cell adhesion, motility and apoptosis, regulates mucosal immunity and maintains the functional integrity of intestinal epithelia. The upregulation of TFF3 expression in the weaning rat intestine attracted our interest. The present study hypothesized that TFF3 may serve a role in preventing diarrhea in weaning piglets, which is an important consideration in the pig farming industry. Previous recombinant TFF3 protein expression yields obtained from Escherichia coli were too low and the bioactivity of the protein was poor. Hence, this expression system was unsuitable for industrial applications. The present study explored the production of recombinant sus scrofa TFF3 in a Brevibacillus choshinensis (B. choshinensis) expression system, aiming to enhance the expression level of bioactive protein. To achieve this, the sus scrofa TFF3-encoding gene fragment was fused into an E. coli-Brevibacillus shuttle vector pNCMO2. High levels of TFF3 (30 mg/l) were produced and secreted into the B. choshinensis culture medium in soluble form with a molecular mass of 13.6 kDa and high immunoreactivity in western blotting. Thus, Brevibacillus may be used to produce useful mucosal factors for biochemical analyses and mucosal protection, and in industrial applications to produce novel inhibitors of diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Mei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, P.R. China
| | - Bing-Yan Wen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, P.R. China
| | - An-Qi Li
- Kansas International College, Zhengzhou Sias University, Xinzheng, Henan 451100, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Ming Zha
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Yang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Ze Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, P.R. China
| | - Lu-Ping Feng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, P.R. China
| | - Ye-Dong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Yu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, P.R. China
| | - Kai Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, P.R. China
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Wang S, Zhang C, Wang X, Yang J, Wu K, Zhang J, Zhang B, Yang A, Qi D. Deoxynivalenol Inhibits Porcine Intestinal Trefoil Factors Expression in Weanling Piglets and IPEC-J2 Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11110670. [PMID: 31731782 PMCID: PMC6891430 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11110670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Trefoil factors (TFFs) are regulatory peptides playing critical roles in mucosal repair and protection against a variety of insults within the gastrointestinal tract. This work aimed to explore the effects of deoxynivalenol (DON) on intestinal TFFs expression using in vivo and in vitro models. In an animal trial, twenty-four 28-d-old barrows (Duroc × Landrace × Large White; initial body weight = 7.6 ± 0.7 kg) were randomly divided into three treatments for 28 days, including a control diet (0.61 mg DON/kg feed), and two levels of DON-contaminated diets containing 1.28 and 2.89 mg DON/kg feed, respectively. Piglets exposed to DON had lower mRNA expression of TFF1, TFF2, TFF3, as well as Claudin-4 in the intestine (P < 0.05). Dietary DON exposure decreased the protein levels of TFF2 and TFF3 in the jejunum as demonstrated by western blot and immunohistochemistry. In intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2), DON depressed the mRNA expression of TFF2, TFF3, and Claudin-4. Overexpression of sterile alpha motif (SAM) pointed domain E26 transformation-specific (ETS) factor (SPDEF) was found to attenuate DON-induced suppression of TFFs in IPEC-J2 cells. Altogether, our work shows, for the first time, that dietary DON exposure depresses the expression of intestinal TFFs in piglets. Given the fundamental role of TFFs in intestinal mucosal homeostasis, our observations indicate that the DON content in animal feed should be strictly controlled based on the existing regulation for DON.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Desheng Qi
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-27-8728-1793
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Yang W, Huang L, Wang P, Wu Z, Li F, Wang C. The Effect of Low and High Dose Deoxynivalenol on Intestinal Morphology, Distribution, and Expression of Inflammatory Cytokines of Weaning Rabbits. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11080473. [PMID: 31412640 PMCID: PMC6722598 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11080473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a potential pathogenic factor to humans and animals, and intestinal tract is the primary target organ of DON. Data concerning the effects of DON on rabbits are scarce, especially for weaning rabbits. In this study, 45 weaning rabbits (35 d) were randomly and equally assigned into three groups. Group A was fed basic diet, while groups B and C were added DON at 0.5 mg/kg BW/d and 1.5 mg/kg BW/d, respectively, based on the basic diet. The experiment lasted for 24 days and the intestinal morphology, expression, and distribution of several cytokines in intestinal segments have been examined. The results indicated that ADG decreased while F/G increased significantly compared with the control group after DON added at 1.5 mg/kg BW/d. Some of the morphometric parameters (villi length, crypt depth, and goblet cells density) changed after DON was added. Meanwhile, the concentration as well as the expression levels of relative protein and mRNA of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-8 increased significantly. The immunohistochemistry results illustrated that the quantity and distribution of positive cells of inflammatory cytokines were changed after DON was added. In conclusion, the addition of DON damaged the intestinal morphology and changed the distribution and expression of inflammatory cytokines. The toxic effect depended on the dosage of DON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanying Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City 271018, China
| | - Libo Huang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City 271018, China
| | - Pengwei Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City 271018, China
| | - Zhichao Wu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City 271018, China
| | - Fuchang Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City 271018, China.
| | - Chunyang Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City 271018, China.
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16
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Awad WA, Ruhnau D, Hess C, Doupovec B, Schatzmayr D, Hess M. Feeding of deoxynivalenol increases the intestinal paracellular permeability of broiler chickens. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:2057-64. [PMID: 31030221 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02460-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the deleterious effects attributed to mycotoxins, in particular on the intestine, faced increased attention and it was shown that deoxynivalenol (DON) causes adverse effects on gut health. In this context, it has been repeatedly reported that DON can alter the intestinal morphology, disrupt the intestinal barrier and reduce nutrient absorption. The underlying mechanism of a compromised intestinal barrier caused by DON in chickens has yet to be illustrated. Although, DON is rapidly absorbed from the upper parts of the small intestine, the effects on the large intestine cannot be excluded. Additionally, a damaging effect of DON on the gut epithelium might decrease the resistance of the gut against infectious agents. Consequently, the objectives of the present studies were: (1) to investigate the impact of DON on the epithelial paracellular permeability by demonstrating the mucosal to serosal flux of 14C-mannitol in the small and large intestine applying Ussing chambers and (2) to delineate the effects of DON on the colonization and translocation of Escherichia coli. Both parameters are well suited as potential indicators for gut barrier failure. For this, a total of 75 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chickens were housed in floor pens on wood shavings with feed and water provided ad libitum. Birds were randomly allocated to three different groups (n = 25 with 5 replicates/group) and were fed for 5 weeks with either contaminated diets (5 or 10 mg DON/kg feed) or basal diets (control). Body weight (BW) and BW gain of birds in the group fed with 10 mg/kg DON were significantly lower than in group with 5 mg/kg DON and the control group. Moreover, the mannitol flux in jejunum and cecum was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in DON-fed groups compared to control birds. Consistent with this, DON enhanced the translocation of E. coli with a higher number of bacteria encountered in the spleen and liver. Altogether, the actual results verified that DON can alter the intestinal paracellular permeability in broiler chickens and facilitates the translocation of enteric microorganisms such as E. coli to extra-intestinal organs. Considering that moderate levels of DON are present in feed, the consumption of DON-contaminated feed can induce an intestinal breakdown with negative consequences on broiler health.
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