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Oda Y, Takahashi C, Harada S, Nakamura S, Sun D, Kiso K, Urata Y, Miyachi H, Fujiyoshi Y, Honigmann A, Uchida S, Ishihama Y, Toyoshima F. Discovery of anti-inflammatory physiological peptides that promote tissue repair by reinforcing epithelial barrier formation. Sci Adv 2021; 7:eabj6895. [PMID: 34788088 PMCID: PMC8597994 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj6895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial barriers that prevent dehydration and pathogen invasion are established by tight junctions (TJs), and their disruption leads to various inflammatory diseases and tissue destruction. However, a therapeutic strategy to overcome TJ disruption in diseases has not been established because of the lack of clinically applicable TJ-inducing molecules. Here, we found TJ-inducing peptides (JIPs) in mice and humans that corresponded to 35 to 42 residue peptides of the C terminus of alpha 1-antitrypsin (A1AT), an acute-phase anti-inflammatory protein. JIPs were inserted into the plasma membrane of epithelial cells, which promoted TJ formation by directly activating the heterotrimeric G protein G13. In a mouse intestinal epithelial injury model established by dextran sodium sulfate, mouse or human JIP administration restored TJ integrity and strongly prevented colitis. Our study has revealed TJ-inducing anti-inflammatory physiological peptides that play a critical role in tissue repair and proposes a previously unidentified therapeutic strategy for TJ-disrupted diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukako Oda
- Department of Biosystems Science, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Chisato Takahashi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BioAnalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts, Kyoto 610-0395, Japan
| | - Shota Harada
- Laboratory of Human Interface, Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shun Nakamura
- Cellular and Structural Physiology Laboratory, Advanced Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
- CeSPIA Inc., Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Daxiao Sun
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden 01309, Germany
| | - Kazumi Kiso
- Department of Biosystems Science, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yuko Urata
- Department of Biosystems Science, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Miyachi
- Reproductive Engineering Team, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Fujiyoshi
- Cellular and Structural Physiology Laboratory, Advanced Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
- CeSPIA Inc., Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Alf Honigmann
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden 01309, Germany
| | - Seiichi Uchida
- Laboratory of Human Interface, Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ishihama
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BioAnalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Fumiko Toyoshima
- Department of Biosystems Science, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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Abstract
PURPOSE We report what is to our knowledge a novel approach that led to the rapid development of a 3-dimensional bladder model, including a differentiated urothelium reconstructed without a period of exposure to the air-liquid interface. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bilayered bladder constructs were produced using anchored mesenchymal cell seeded collagen gels to create the mesenchymal layer. Gels were coated with urine for 20 minutes before urothelial cell seeding. The 3-dimensional bladder models were cultured under submerged conditions for 15 days. RESULTS Pure urine coating of the collagen matrix surface combined with its intermittent presence during urothelial development was found to be best to maintain urothelial cell properties. Immunohistological and ultrastructural analyses showed the formation of a pseudostratified urothelium devoid of abnormal K14 expression, allowing for uroplakin trafficking and forming an asymmetrical unit membrane at the apical surface. CONCLUSIONS Such tissues could be adapted for clinical applications, including bladder repair. In the context of basic science this model could serve as a good alternative to animal use for fundamental and pharmacological studies of normal or pathological bladder tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bouhout
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/Laboratoire d'organogénèse experimentale, Faculté de médecine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.
| | - Francine Goulet
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/Laboratoire d'organogénèse experimentale, Faculté de médecine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Stéphane Bolduc
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/Laboratoire d'organogénèse experimentale, Faculté de médecine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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García-Hernández V, Flores-Maldonado C, Rincon-Heredia R, Verdejo-Torres O, Bonilla-Delgado J, Meneses-Morales I, Gariglio P, Contreras RG. EGF Regulates Claudin-2 and -4 Expression Through Src and STAT3 in MDCK Cells. J Cell Physiol 2014; 230:105-15. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vicky García-Hernández
- Department of Physiology; Biophysics and Neurosciences; Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav); México City México
| | - Catalina Flores-Maldonado
- Department of Physiology; Biophysics and Neurosciences; Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav); México City México
| | - Ruth Rincon-Heredia
- Department of Physiology; Biophysics and Neurosciences; Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav); México City México
- Department of Pharmacology; Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav); México City México
| | - Odette Verdejo-Torres
- Department of Physiology; Biophysics and Neurosciences; Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav); México City México
| | - José Bonilla-Delgado
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Diagnosis; Research Unit; Hospital Juárez de México; México City México
| | - Ivan Meneses-Morales
- Breast Cancer investigation program; National Autonomous University of México (UNAM); México
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology; Biomedical Research Institute; National Autonomous University of México (UNAM); México
| | - Patricio Gariglio
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology; Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav); México City México
| | - Rubén G. Contreras
- Department of Physiology; Biophysics and Neurosciences; Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav); México City México
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Abstract
Ouabain, a toxic of vegetal origin used for centuries to treat heart failure, has recently been demonstrated to have an endogenous counterpart, most probably ouabain itself, which behaves as a hormone. Therefore, the challenge now is to discover the physiological role of hormone ouabain. We have recently shown that it modulates cell contacts such as gap junctions, which communicate neighboring cells, as well as tight junctions (TJs), which are one of the two differentiated features of epithelial cells, the other being apical/basolateral polarity. The importance of cell contacts can be hardly overestimated, since the most complex object in the universe, the brain, assembles itself depending on what cells contacts what other(s) how, when, and how is the molecular composition and special arrangement of the contacts involved. In the present chapter, we detail the protocols used to demonstrate the effect of ouabain on the molecular structure and functional properties of one of those cell-cell contacts: the TJ.
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Flores-Benitez D, Rincon-Heredia R, Razgado LF, Larre I, Cereijido M, Contreras RG. Control of tight junctional sealing: roles of epidermal growth factor and prostaglandin E2. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2009; 297:C611-20. [PMID: 19570890 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00622.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Epithelia can adjust the permeability of the paracellular permeation route by regulating the degree of sealing of the tight junction. This is reflected by a transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) ranging from a few tenths to several thousand ohms times square centimeters, depending on the difference in composition between the fluid in the lumen and the interstitial fluid. Although teleologically sound, such correlation requires a physiological explanation. We have previously shown that urine extracts from different animal species increase the TER of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) monolayers and that these effects are mediated by epidermal growth factor (EGF) contained in the flowing intratubular fluid that eventually reaches the urine. This increase in TER is accompanied by an enhanced expression of claudin-4 (cln-4) and a decrement of cln-2. These changes are transient, peaking at approximately 16 h and returning to control values in approximately 24 h. In the present work we investigated how EGF provokes this transient response, and we found that the activation of extracellular-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) by EGF is essential to increase TER and cln-4 content, but it does not appear to participate in cln-2 downregulation. On the other hand, prostaglandin synthesis, stimulated by EGF, functions as a negative feedback, turning off the signal initiated by EGF. Thus, PGE(2) blocks ERK1/2 by a mechanism that involves the G alpha(s) protein, adenylyl cyclase as well as protein kinase A in MDCK cells. In summary, the permeability of a given segment of the nephron depends on the expression of different claudin types, which may be modulated by EGF and prostaglandins.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Flores-Benitez
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV), Mexico City, Mexico
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Cereijido M, Contreras RG, Flores-Benítez D, Flores-Maldonado C, Larre I, Ruiz A, Shoshani L. New diseases derived or associated with the tight junction. Arch Med Res 2007; 38:465-78. [PMID: 17560451 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2007.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2006] [Accepted: 02/20/2007] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The space between neighboring epithelial cells is sealed by the tight junction (TJ). When this seal is leaky, such as in the proximal tubule of the kidney or the gallbladder, substances may cross the epithelium between the cells (paracellular pathway). Yet, when TJs are really hermetic, as is the case in the epithelium of the urinary bladder or the colon, substances can mainly cross the epithelium through the transcellular pathway. The structure of the TJ involves (so far) some 50-odd protein species. Failure of any of these components causes a variety of diseases, some of them so serious that fetuses are not viable. A fast-growing number of diseases are recognized to depend or involve alterations in the TJ. These include autoimmune diseases, in which intestinal TJs allow the passage of antigens from the intestinal flora, challenging the immune system to produce antibodies that may cross react with proteins in the brain, thyroid gland or pancreas. TJs are also involved in cancer development, infections, allergies, etc. The present article does not catalogue all TJ diseases known so far, but describes one of each type as illustration. It also depicts the efforts being made to find pharmaceutical agents that would seal faulty TJs or release their grip to allow for the passage of large molecules through the upper respiratory and digestive tracts, such as insulin, thyroid, appetite-regulatory peptide, etc.
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Cereijido M, Contreras RG, Shoshani L, Flores-Benitez D, Larre I. Tight junction and polarity interaction in the transporting epithelial phenotype. Biochim Biophys Acta 2007; 1778:770-93. [PMID: 18028872 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2007.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2007] [Revised: 08/28/2007] [Accepted: 09/03/2007] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Development of tight junctions and cell polarity in epithelial cells requires a complex cellular machinery to execute an internal program in response to ambient cues. Tight junctions, a product of this machinery, can act as gates of the paracellular pathway, fences that keep the identity of plasma membrane domains, bridges that communicate neighboring cells. The polarization internal program and machinery are conserved in yeast, worms, flies and mammals, and in cell types as different as epithelia, neurons and lymphocytes. Polarization and tight junctions are dynamic features that change during development, in response to physiological and pharmacological challenges and in pathological situations like infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelino Cereijido
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, CINVESTAV, AP 14-740, México D.F. 07000, México.
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Flores-Benítez D, Ruiz-Cabrera A, Flores-Maldonado C, Shoshani L, Cereijido M, Contreras RG. Control of tight junctional sealing: role of epidermal growth factor. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2007; 292:F828-36. [PMID: 17077385 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00369.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelia can adjust the permeability of their paracellular permeation route to physiological requirements, pathological conditions, and pharmacological challenges. This is reflected by a transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) ranging from a few tenth to several thousands Ω·cm2, depending on the degree of sealing of the tight junction (TJ). The present work is part of an effort to understand the causes and mechanisms underlying these adaptations. We observed that an extract of human urine (hDLU) increases TER in a concentration- and time-dependent manner and is more effective when added from the basolateral side of cultured monolayers of Madin-Darby canine kidney cells than from the apical one. We found that its main TER-increasing component is epidermal growth factor (hEGF), as depletion of this peptide with specific antibodies, or inhibition of its receptor with PD153035, abolishes its effect. Since the permeability of the TJ depends on the expression of several species of membrane proteins, chiefly claudins, we explored whether hDLU can affect five members of the claudin family, the three known members of the ZO family, and occludin. EGF present in hDLU decreases the content of claudins-1 and -2 as well as delocalizes them from the TJ and increases the content of claudin-4. As expected from the fact that the degree of sealing of the TJ must be a physiologically regulated parameter, besides of hEGF, we also found that hDLU appears to contain also other components that decrease TER, claudin-4 and -7, and that seem to act with different kinetics than the TER-increasing ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Flores-Benítez
- Department of Physiology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
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Schlatter P, Gutmann H, Drewe J. Primary porcine proximal tubular cells as a model for transepithelial drug transport in human kidney. Eur J Pharm Sci 2006; 28:141-54. [PMID: 16510270 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2006.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2005] [Revised: 12/20/2005] [Accepted: 01/18/2006] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kidney proximal tubular cells play a major role in the transport of endogenous and exogenous compounds. A multitude of different transporters are expressed starting with multidrug ABC transporters (e.g. abcb1, abcc1-6), slc22a6-8 (organic anion transporters) and slc22a1-3 (organic cation transporters). For transport studies of renal drug transport, cell lines like MDCK and LLC-PK1 are often used to overexpress and study one or two transporters, such as abcb1 or abcc1-6. However, the use is limited since under physiological conditions xenobiotics are transported through different transporters at the same time. Therefore, a primary in vitro model expressing functionally different transporters simultaneously, as it is the case in vivo, would be of great benefit. METHODS Primary proximal tubular cells were isolated from porcine kidney. Cells were cultured under selective culturing conditions leading to specific growth of primary proximal tubular cells. Expression of important proximal transporters was checked at mRNA level with RT-PCR, at protein level with immunocytochemistry and functionally by transport and uptake assays. RESULTS A model of primary proximal tubular cells was established expressing the most important transporters: abcb1, abcc1, abcc2, slc22a8, slco1a2, slc15a1, slc5a2 and slc4a4. In freshly isolated cells, slc22a1 and slc22a6 were expressed, but were down-regulated in culture. Abcb1, abcc1, abcc2 and slc4a4 were detected at protein level with immunostaining. Functional activity was confirmed for abcb1, abcc1/2, slc22a8, slc15a1/2 and slc5a1/2. The tightness of the monolayers of this model was better than in previously established in vitro models. CONCLUSION This primary cell culture model might be an interesting tool to investigate proximal tubular transport and to predict toxicity and drug interactions since it expresses functionally several transporters simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Schlatter
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
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Abstract
Epithelial and endothelial cells are joined to each other via a set of intercellular junctions that differ in their morphological appearance, composition, and function. The tight junction or zonula occludens is the intercellular junction that regulates diffusion between cells and therefore allows endothelia and epithelia to form cellular barriers that separate compartments of different composition. This intercellular gate formed by tight junctions is not only highly regulated but is size- and ion-selective and, hence, represents a semipermeable diffusion barrier. In epithelia, tight junctions form a morphological and functional border between the apical and basolateral cell surface domains. They directly contribute to the maintenance of cell surface polarity by forming a fence that prevents apical/basolateral diffusion of lipids in the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane. Here we describe a set of assays that allow the analysis of tight junctions to determine their integrity and functional state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Matter
- Division of Cell Biology, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, Bath Street, EC1V 9EL, London, UK.
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