1
|
Nocera F, Haak F, Posabella A, Angehrn FV, Peterli R, Müller-Stich BP, Steinemann DC. Surgical outcomes in elective sigmoid resection for diverticulitis stratified according to indication: a propensity-score matched cohort study with 903 patients. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2023; 408:295. [PMID: 37535118 PMCID: PMC10400669 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-023-03034-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Weighing the perioperative risk of elective sigmoidectomy is done regardless of the specific diverticulitis classification. The aim of this study is to evaluate surgical outcomes according to the classification grade and the indication. METHODS All patients who underwent elective colonic resection for diverticulitis during the ten-year study period were included. They were divided into two groups: relative surgery indication (RSI) and absolute surgery indication (ASI). RSI included microabscess and recurrent uncomplicated disease. ASI included macroabscess and recurrent complicated disease. Propensity score-matching (PSM, 1:1) was performed. RESULTS 585 patients fulfilled criteria for RSI and 318 patients fulfilled criteria for ASI. In the univariate analysis, RSI patients were younger (62 vs. 67.7 years, p < 0.001), had a higher physical status (ASA score 1 or 2 in 80.7% vs. 60.8%, p < 0.001), were less immunosuppressed (3.4% vs. 6.9%, p = 0.021) and suffered less often from coronary heart disease (3.8% vs. 7.2%, p = 0.025). After PSM, 318 RSI vs. 318 ASI patients were selected; baseline characteristics results were comparable. The proportion of planned laparoscopic resection was 93% in RSI versus 75% in ASI (p < 0.001), and the conversion rate to open surgery for laparoscopic resection was 5.0% and 13.8% in RSI versus ASI, respectively (p < 0.001). Major morbidity (Clavien/Dindo ≥ IIIb) occurred less frequently in RSI (3.77% vs. 10%, p = 0.003). A defunctioning stoma was formed in 0.9% and 11.0% in RSI vs ASI, respectively (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The lower risk for postoperative morbidity, the higher chance for a laparoscopic resection and the decreased rate of stoma formation are attributed to patients with recurrent uncomplicated diverticulitis or diverticulitis including a microabscess as compared to patients with complicated diverticulitis or diverticulitis and a macroabscess, and this applies even after PSM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Nocera
- Clarunis, Department of Visceral Surgery, University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, St. Clara Hospital and University Hospital Basel, Kleinriehenstrasse 30, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
- Departmen of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 23, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Haak
- Clarunis, Department of Visceral Surgery, University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, St. Clara Hospital and University Hospital Basel, Kleinriehenstrasse 30, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
- Departmen of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 23, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alberto Posabella
- Clarunis, Department of Visceral Surgery, University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, St. Clara Hospital and University Hospital Basel, Kleinriehenstrasse 30, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fiorenzo Valente Angehrn
- Clarunis, Department of Visceral Surgery, University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, St. Clara Hospital and University Hospital Basel, Kleinriehenstrasse 30, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Peterli
- Clarunis, Department of Visceral Surgery, University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, St. Clara Hospital and University Hospital Basel, Kleinriehenstrasse 30, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Beat P Müller-Stich
- Clarunis, Department of Visceral Surgery, University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, St. Clara Hospital and University Hospital Basel, Kleinriehenstrasse 30, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel C Steinemann
- Clarunis, Department of Visceral Surgery, University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, St. Clara Hospital and University Hospital Basel, Kleinriehenstrasse 30, 4058, Basel, Switzerland.
- Departmen of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 23, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
GOUVAS N, AGALIANOS C, MANATAKIS DK, PECHLIVANIDES G, XYNOS E. Elective surgery for conservatively treated acute uncomplicated diverticulitis: a systematic review of postoperative outcomes. Minerva Surg 2022; 77:591-601. [DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5691.22.09726-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
3
|
Leifeld L, Germer CT, Böhm S, Dumoulin FL, Frieling T, Kreis M, Meining A, Labenz J, Lock JF, Ritz JP, Schreyer A, Kruis W. S3-Leitlinie Divertikelkrankheit/Divertikulitis – Gemeinsame Leitlinie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Gastroenterologie, Verdauungs- und Stoffwechselkrankheiten (DGVS) und der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie (DGAV). Z Gastroenterol 2022; 60:613-688. [PMID: 35388437 DOI: 10.1055/a-1741-5724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ludger Leifeld
- Medizinische Klinik 3 - Gastroenterologie und Allgemeine Innere Medizin, St. Bernward Krankenhaus, Hildesheim, apl. Professur an der Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover
| | - Christoph-Thomas Germer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral-, Transplantations-, Gefäß- und Kinderchirurgie, Zentrum für Operative Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg
| | - Stephan Böhm
- Spital Bülach, Spitalstrasse 24, 8180 Bülach, Schweiz
| | | | - Thomas Frieling
- Medizinische Klinik II, Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie, Infektiologie, Neurogastroenterologie, Hämatologie, Onkologie und Palliativmedizin HELIOS Klinikum Krefeld
| | - Martin Kreis
- Klinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Gefäßchirurgie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Meining
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik 2, Zentrum für Innere Medizin (ZIM), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg
| | - Joachim Labenz
- Abteilung für Innere Medizin, Evang. Jung-Stilling-Krankenhaus, Siegen
| | - Johan Friso Lock
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral-, Transplantations-, Gefäß- und Kinderchirurgie, Zentrum für Operative Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg
| | - Jörg-Peter Ritz
- Klinik für Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie, Helios Klinikum Schwerin
| | - Andreas Schreyer
- Institut für diagnostische und interventionelle Radiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Brandenburg Theodor Fontane Klinikum Brandenburg, Brandenburg, Deutschland
| | - Wolfgang Kruis
- Medizinische Fakultät, Universität Köln, Köln, Deutschland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
PURPOSE Diverticular disease is a common acquired condition of the lower gastrointestinal tract that may be associated with significant morbidity. The term encompasses a spectrum of pathological processes with varying clinical manifestations. The purpose of this review was to update the reader on modern evidence-based treatment strategies for acute diverticulitis. METHODS A literature search of the PUBMED database was performed using the keywords 'diverticulosis', 'diverticular disease' and 'diverticulitis'. Only articles published in the English language were included. RESULTS Evidence-based treatment strategies for acute diverticulitis have evolved over time. Data have questioned the need for antibiotic therapy for Hinchey I disease and the role of percutaneous abscess drainage for Hinchey II. Clinical trials have demonstrated laparoscopic lavage is an appropriate option for select patients with Hinchey III disease and primary resection with anastomosis and defunctioning stoma may be considered in some cases of Hinchey IV disease. CONCLUSION Risk-adapted treatment strategies and operative decision-making for acute diverticulitis are increasingly based on a combination of patient and disease factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Zaborowski
- Centre for Colorectal Disease, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Des C Winter
- Centre for Colorectal Disease, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wei S, Radwan A, Mueck KM, Wan C, Wan DQ, Millas SG, Ko TC, Holcomb JB, Wade CE, Naumann DN, Kao LS. Validation of the Adapted Clavien-Dindo in Trauma (ACDiT) Classifications in Medical and Surgical Management of Acute Diverticulitis. Ann Surg 2020. [PMID: 32568744 DOI: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000003888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To validate the adapted Clavien-Dindo in trauma (ACDiT) tool as a novel outcome measure for patients with acute diverticulitis managed both operatively and nonoperatively. BACKGROUND Complications following diverticulitis are difficult to classify because no traditional tools address patients managed both operatively and nonoperatively. The ACDiT grading system-graded from 0 to 5b-is applied in this manner but has not yet been validated for this patient group. METHODS We performed a 5-year observational study of patients with acute diverticulitis at a safety-net hospital. Baseline demographics and hospitalization data were collected. ACDiT scores were assigned, and validation was undertaken by comparing scores with hospital-free days, and verifying that higher scores were associated with known risk factors for poor outcomes. Inverse probability weighted propensity scores were assigned for surgical management, and inverse probability weighted regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with ACDiT ≥ grade 2. RESULTS Of 260 patients, 188 (72%) were managed nonoperatively. Eighty (31%) developed a complication; 73 (91%) were grades 1 to 3b. Higher grades correlated inversely with hospital-free days (rs = -0.67, P < 0.0001) for all patients and for nonoperative (rs = -0.63, P < 0.0001) and operative (rs = -0.62, P < 0.0001) patients. Hinchey 2 to 3 and initial operative management had higher odds of having a complication of ACDiT ≥ grade 2. CONCLUSION The ACDiT tool was successfully applied to acute diverticulitis patients managed operatively and nonoperatively, is associated with known risk factors for adverse outcomes. ACDiT may be considered a meaningful outcome measure for comparing strategies for acute diverticulitis.
Collapse
|
6
|
Costi R, Annicchiarico A, Morini A, Romboli A, Zarzavadjian Le Bian A, Violi V. Acute diverticulitis: old challenge, current trends, open questions. MINERVA CHIR 2020; 75:173-192. [PMID: 32550727 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4733.20.08314-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Acute diverticulitis (AD) is an increasing issue for health systems worldwide. As accuracy of clinical symptoms and laboratory examinations is poor, a pivotal role in preoperative diagnosis and severity assessment is played by CT scan. Several new classifications trying to adapt the intraoperative Hinchey's classification to preoperative CT findings have been proposed, but none really entered clinical practice. Treatment of early AD is mostly conservative (antibiotics) and may be administered in outpatients in selected cases. Larger abscesses (exceeding 3 to 5 cm) need percutaneous drainage, while management of stages 3 (purulent peritonitis) and 4 (fecal peritonitis) is difficult to standardize, as various approaches are nowadays suggested. Three situations are identified: situation A, stage 3 in stable/healthy patients, where various options are available, including conservative management, lavage/drainage and primary resection/anastomosis w/without protective stoma; situation B, stage 3 in unstable and/or unhealthy patients, and stage 4 in stable/healthy patients, where stoma-protected primary resection/anastomosis or Hartmann procedure should be performed; situation C, stage 4 in unstable and/or unhealthy patients, where Hartmann procedure or damage control surgery (resection without any anastomosis/stoma) are suggested. Late, elective sigmoid resection is less and less performed, as a new trend towards a patient-tailored management is spreading.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renato Costi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Unit of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hospital of Vaio, Fidenza, Parma, Italy.,AUSL di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Morini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Romboli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Alban Zarzavadjian Le Bian
- Service of General, Digestive, Oncologic, Bariatric, and Metabolic Surgery, Avicenne Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Paris XIII University, Bobigny, France
| | - Vincenzo Violi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Unit of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hospital of Vaio, Fidenza, Parma, Italy.,AUSL di Parma, Parma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Desai GS, Narkhede R, Pande P, Bhole B, Varty P, Mehta H. An outcome analysis of laparoscopic management of diverticulitis. Indian J Gastroenterol 2018; 37:430-438. [PMID: 30367396 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-018-0907-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND All operative procedures for simple or complicated diverticulitis, including primary resection and anastomosis (PRA) with or without a diverting stoma, Hartmann procedure (HP), or stoma reversal, whether done in an elective setting or as an emergency, can be performed laparoscopically. However, owing to low incidence of the disease and complexity of the procedure, there are very few studies on outcomes of laparoscopic surgery for sigmoid diverticulitis from India. AIM The present study was undertaken to evaluate outcomes of laparoscopically treated patients of sigmoid diverticulitis. METHODS Prospective observational study enrolled 37 patients with sigmoid diverticulitis managed laparoscopically from March 2015 to March 2017. Demographic, clinical, operative, postoperative, and complication data were entered into a patient proforma and analyzed. RESULTS Eleven simple and 26 complicated diverticulitis patients were operated laparoscopically, 22 in emergency setting and 15 in elective setting. Only three patients required conversion to open surgery-two due to dense adhesions and one due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). No patients had ureteric or bowel injury. Eighteen patients underwent laparoscopic PRA without stoma, 11 patients had PRA with stoma, 6 had HP, and 2 had laparoscopic lavage. Results showed lesser blood loss, shorter hospital stay, and fewer complications in the elective group and simple diverticulitis patients. None of the patients had anastomosis-related complications. Two patients had stoma-related complications. CONCLUSION Laparoscopic management of diverticulitis is feasible, safe, provides the benefits of less wound-related complications, and shorter hospital stay and should be the surgical procedure of choice in elective or emergency setting for simple/complicated diverticulitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gunjan S Desai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Lilavati Hospital and Research Center, A-791, Bandra Reclamation Road, General Arunkumar Vaidya Nagar, Bandra West, Mumbai, 400 050, India.
| | - Rajvilas Narkhede
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Lilavati Hospital and Research Center, A-791, Bandra Reclamation Road, General Arunkumar Vaidya Nagar, Bandra West, Mumbai, 400 050, India
| | - Prasad Pande
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Lilavati Hospital and Research Center, A-791, Bandra Reclamation Road, General Arunkumar Vaidya Nagar, Bandra West, Mumbai, 400 050, India
| | - Bhushan Bhole
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, 400 012, India
| | - Paresh Varty
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Lilavati Hospital and Research Center, A-791, Bandra Reclamation Road, General Arunkumar Vaidya Nagar, Bandra West, Mumbai, 400 050, India
| | - Hitesh Mehta
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Lilavati Hospital and Research Center, A-791, Bandra Reclamation Road, General Arunkumar Vaidya Nagar, Bandra West, Mumbai, 400 050, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lanas A, Abad-Baroja D, Lanas-Gimeno A. Progress and challenges in the management of diverticular disease: which treatment? Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2018; 11:1756284818789055. [PMID: 30046356 PMCID: PMC6056793 DOI: 10.1177/1756284818789055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diverticular disease of the colon (DDC) includes a spectrum of conditions from asymptomatic diverticulosis to symptomatic uncomplicated diverticulosis, segmental colitis associated with diverticulosis, and acute diverticulitis without or with complications that may have serious consequences. Clinical and scientific interest in DDC is increasing because of the rising incidence of all conditions within the DDC spectrum, a better, although still limited understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms involved; the increasing socioeconomic burden; and the new therapeutic options being tested. The goals of treatment in DDC are symptom and inflammation relief and preventing disease progression or recurrence. The basis for preventing disease progression remains a high-fiber diet and physical exercise, although evidence is poor. Other current strategies do not meet expectations or lack a solid mechanistic foundation; these strategies include modulation of gut microbiota or dysbiosis with rifaximin or probiotics, or using mesalazine for low-grade inflammation in uncomplicated symptomatic diverticulosis. Most acute diverticulitis is uncomplicated, and the trend is to avoid hospitalization and unnecessary antibiotic therapy, but patients with comorbidities, sepsis, or immunodeficiency should receive broad spectrum and appropriate antibiotics. Complicated acute diverticulitis may require interventional radiology or surgery, although the best surgical approach (open versus laparoscopic) remains a matter of discussion. Prevention of acute diverticulitis recurrence remains undefined, as do therapeutic strategies. Mesalazine with or without probiotics has failed to prevent diverticulitis recurrence, whereas new studies are needed to validate preliminary positive results with rifaximin. Surgery is another option, but the number of acute events cannot guide this indication. We need to identify risk factors and disease progression or recurrence mechanisms to implement appropriate preventive strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angel Lanas
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Clínico
Universitario Lozano Blesa, C/ San Juan Bosco 15, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain.
University of Zaragoza. IIS Aragón. CIBERehs
| | - Daniel Abad-Baroja
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo University Clinic
Hospital Lozano Blesa, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dickerson EC, Chong ST, Ellis JH, Watcharotone K, Nan B, Davenport MS, Al-Hawary M, Mazza MB, Rizk R, Morris AM, Cohan RH. Recurrence of Colonic Diverticulitis: Identifying Predictive CT Findings—Retrospective Cohort Study. Radiology 2017; 285:850-858. [DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2017161374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
10
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diverticular disease is a common condition in Western industrialised countries. Most individuals remain asymptomatic throughout life; however, 25% experience acute diverticulitis. The standard treatment for acute diverticulitis is open surgery. Laparoscopic surgery - a minimal-access procedure - offers an alternative approach to open surgery, as it is characterised by reduced operative stress that may translate into shorter hospitalisation and more rapid recovery, as well as improved quality of life. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness of laparoscopic surgical resection compared with open surgical resection for individuals with acute sigmoid diverticulitis. SEARCH METHODS We searched the following electronic databases: the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; 2017, Issue 2) in the Cochrane Library; Ovid MEDLINE (1946 to 23 February 2017); Ovid Embase (1974 to 23 February 2017); clinicaltrials.gov (February 2017); and the World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry (February 2017). We reviewed the bibliographies of identified trials to search for additional studies. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials comparing elective or emergency laparoscopic sigmoid resection versus open surgical resection for acute sigmoid diverticulitis. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently selected studies, assessed the domains of risk of bias from each included trial, and extracted data. For dichotomous outcomes, we calculated risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). For continuous outcomes, we planned to calculate mean differences (MDs) with 95% CIs for outcomes such as hospital stay, and standardised mean differences (SMDs) with 95% CIs for quality of life and global rating scales, if researchers used different scales. MAIN RESULTS Three trials with 392 participants met the inclusion criteria. Studies were conducted in three European countries (Switzerland, Netherlands, and Germany). The median age of participants ranged from 62 to 66 years; 53% to 64% were female. Inclusion criteria differed among studies. One trial included participants with Hinchey I characteristics as well as those who underwent Hartmann's procedure; the second trial included only participants with "a proven stage II/III disease according to the classification of Stock and Hansen"; the third trial considered for inclusion patients with "diverticular disease of sigmoid colon documented by colonoscopy and 2 episodes of uncomplicated diverticulitis, one at least being documented with CT scan, 1 episode of complicated diverticulitis, with a pericolic abscess (Hinchey stage I) or pelvic abscess (Hinchey stage II) requiring percutaneous drainage."We determined that two studies were at low risk of selection bias; two that reported considerable dropouts were at high risk of attrition bias; none reported blinding of outcome assessors (unclear detection bias); and all were exposed to performance bias owing to the nature of the intervention.Available low-quality evidence suggests that laparoscopic surgical resection may lead to little or no difference in mean hospital stay compared with open surgical resection (3 studies, 360 participants; MD -0.62 (days), 95% CI -2.49 to 1.25; I² = 0%).Low-quality evidence suggests that operating time was longer in the laparoscopic surgery group than in the open surgery group (3 studies, 360 participants; MD 49.28 (minutes), 95% CI 40.64 to 57.93; I² = 0%).We are uncertain whether laparoscopic surgery improves postoperative pain between day 1 and day 3 more effectively than open surgery. Low-quality evidence suggests that laparoscopic surgery may improve postoperative pain at the fourth postoperative day more effectively than open surgery (2 studies, 250 participants; MD = -0.65, 95% CI -1.04 to -0.25).Researchers reported quality of life differently across trials, hindering the possibility of meta-analysis. Low-quality evidence from one trial using the Short Form (SF)-36 questionnaire six weeks after surgery suggests that laparoscopic intervention may improve quality of life, whereas evidence from two other trials using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer core quality of life questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) v3 and the Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index score, respectively, suggests that laparoscopic surgery may make little or no difference in improving quality of life compared with open surgery.We are uncertain whether laparoscopic surgery improves the following outcomes: 30-day postoperative mortality, early overall morbidity, major and minor complications, surgical complications, postoperative times to liquid and solid diets, and reoperations due to anastomotic leak. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Results from the present comprehensive review indicate that evidence to support or refute the safety and effectiveness of laparoscopic surgery versus open surgical resection for treatment of patients with acute diverticular disease is insufficient. Well-designed trials with adequate sample size are needed to investigate the efficacy of laparoscopic surgery towards important patient-oriented (e.g. postoperative pain) and health system-oriented outcomes (e.g. mean hospital stay).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iosief Abraha
- Regional Health Authority of UmbriaHealth Planning ServicePerugiaItaly06124
| | - Gian A Binda
- Galliera HospitalDepartment of General SurgeryGenoaItaly
| | | | - Alberto Arezzo
- University of TorinoDepartment of Surgical SciencesCorso Achille Mario Dogliotti 14TurinItaly10126
| | - Roberto Cirocchi
- University of PerugiaDepartment of General SurgeryTerniItaly05100
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
von Strauss Und Torney M, Thommen S, Dell-Kuster S, Hoffmann H, Rosenthal R, Young J, Kettelhack C. Surgical treatment of uncomplicated diverticulitis in Switzerland: comparison of population-based data over two time periods. Colorectal Dis 2017; 19:840-850. [PMID: 28371339 DOI: 10.1111/codi.13670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM The standard of care for acute uncomplicated diverticulitis used to be an elective colon resection after the second or third episode. This practice was replaced by a more conservative and individualized approach. This study investigates current surgical practice in the treatment of acute uncomplicated diverticulitis in Switzerland. METHOD Retrospective cross-sectional analysis of all hospital admissions due to uncomplicated diverticulitis in Switzerland using prospectively collected data from the Swiss Federal Statistical Office in two periods: 2004/2005 and 2010/2011. Treatment options were compared between the two periods with adjustment for baseline characteristics of patients and treating institutions. RESULTS A total of 24 497 patients (11 835 in 2004/2005; 12 662 in 2010/2011) were admitted to Swiss hospitals for uncomplicated diverticulitis. Between periods, the incidence increased from 81 to 85 admissions per 105 inhabitants per year. Elective admissions decreased from 46% (n = 5490) to 34% (n = 4294). The unadjusted resection rate decreased from 40% (n = 4730) to 34% (n = 4308). In the adjusted analysis, inpatients were more likely to have a resection in 2010/2011 than in 2004/2005 [odds ratio of 1.38 (95% confidence interval 1.25-1.54)]. In addition, private insurance, elective mode of admission and younger age increased the odds for resection while there was no evidence of an association between resection and either gender or comorbidities. CONCLUSION The probability of colon resection for patients hospitalized with acute uncomplicated diverticulitis increased between periods while the overall number of colon resections declined. A change of practice expected given the paradigm shift towards conservative treatment could not be confirmed in this analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M von Strauss Und Torney
- Department of Surgery, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland.,Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Colorectal Unit, Western General Hospital Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S Thommen
- Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - S Dell-Kuster
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - H Hoffmann
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - R Rosenthal
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - J Young
- Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - C Kettelhack
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hupfeld L, Burcharth J, Pommergaard HC, Rosenberg J. Risk factors for recurrence after acute colonic diverticulitis: a systematic review. Int J Colorectal Dis 2017; 32:611-622. [PMID: 28110383 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-017-2766-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Several factors may influence the risk of recurrence after an episode of acute colonic diverticulitis. Until now, a comprehensive systematic overview and evaluation of relevant risk factors have not been presented. This review aimed at assembling and evaluating current evidence on risk factors for recurrence after conservatively treated acute colonic diverticulitis. METHODS PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched for studies evaluating risk factors for recurrence after acute diverticulitis treated non-surgically defined as antibiotic treatment, percutaneous abscess drainage, or by observation. Randomized clinical trials and observational studies were included. Analyzed outcome variables were extracted and grouped. No meta-analysis was performed due to low inter-study comparability. Variables were rated according to their likelihood of causing recurrence (no/low, medium, high). RESULTS Of 1153 screened records, 35 studies were included, enrolling 396,676 patients with acute diverticulitis. A total of 50,555 patients experienced recurrences. Primary diverticulitis with abscess formation and young age increased the risk of recurrence. Readmission risk was higher within the first year after remission. In addition, the risk of subsequent diverticulitis more than doubled after two earlier episodes of diverticulitis and the risk increased further for every episode. CONCLUSIONS The best treatment strategy for recurrent diverticulitis is undetermined. However, the risk of a new recurrence seemed to increase after each recurrence making elective resection a viable option at some point after multiple recurrences depending on patient risk factors and preferences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Line Hupfeld
- Department of Surgery, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark.
| | - Jakob Burcharth
- Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Køge, Denmark
| | | | - Jacob Rosenberg
- Department of Surgery, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Brandl A, Kratzer T, Kafka-Ritsch R, Braunwarth E, Denecke C, Weiss S, Atanasov G, Sucher R, Biebl M, Aigner F, Pratschke J, Öllinger R. Diverticulitis in immunosuppressed patients: A fatal outcome requiring a new approach? Can J Surg 2017; 59:254-61. [PMID: 27240131 DOI: 10.1503/cjs.012915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnosis and treatment of diverticulitis in immunosuppressed patients are more challenging than in immunocompetent patients, as maintenance immunosuppressive therapies may mask symptoms or impair the patient's ability to counteract the local and systemic infective sequelae of diverticulitis. The purpose of this study was to compare the in-hospital mortality and morbidity due to diverticulitis in immunosuppressed and immunocompetent patients and identify risk factors for lethal outcomes. METHODS This retrospective study included consecutive in-patients who received treatment for colonic diverticulitis at our institution between April 2008 and April 2014. Patients were divided into immunocompetent and immunosuppressed groups. Primary end points were mortality and morbidity during treatment. Risk factors for death were evaluated. RESULTS Of the 227 patients included, 15 (6.6%) were on immunosuppressive therapy for solid organ transplantation, autoimmune disease, or cerebral metastasis. Thirteen of them experienced colonic perforation and showed higher morbidity (p = 0.039). Immunosuppressed patients showed longer stays in hospital (27.6 v. 14.5 d, p = 0.016) and in the intensive care unit (9.8 v. 1.1 d, p < 0.001), a higher rate of emergency operations (66% v. 29.2%, p = 0.004), and higher in-hospital mortality (20% v. 4.7%, p = 0.045). Age, perforated diverticulitis with diffuse peritonitis, emergency operation, C-reactive protein > 20 mg/dL, and immunosuppressive therapy were significant predictors of death. Age (hazard ratio [HR] 2.57, p = 0.008) and emergency operation (HR 3.03, p = 0.003) remained significant after multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION Morbidity and mortality due to sigmoid diverticulitis is significantly higher in immunosuppressed patients. Early diagnosis and treatment considering elective sigmoid resection for patients with former episodes of diverticulitis who are wait-listed for transplant is crucial to prevent death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Brandl
- From the Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria (Brandl, Kratzer, Kafka-Ritsch, Braunwarth, Weiss); the Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Charité Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany (Brandl, Atanasov, Pratschke); and the Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Charité Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany (Denecke, Sucher, Biebl, Aigner, Pratschke, Öllinger)
| | - Theresa Kratzer
- From the Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria (Brandl, Kratzer, Kafka-Ritsch, Braunwarth, Weiss); the Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Charité Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany (Brandl, Atanasov, Pratschke); and the Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Charité Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany (Denecke, Sucher, Biebl, Aigner, Pratschke, Öllinger)
| | - Reinhold Kafka-Ritsch
- From the Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria (Brandl, Kratzer, Kafka-Ritsch, Braunwarth, Weiss); the Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Charité Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany (Brandl, Atanasov, Pratschke); and the Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Charité Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany (Denecke, Sucher, Biebl, Aigner, Pratschke, Öllinger)
| | - Eva Braunwarth
- From the Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria (Brandl, Kratzer, Kafka-Ritsch, Braunwarth, Weiss); the Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Charité Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany (Brandl, Atanasov, Pratschke); and the Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Charité Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany (Denecke, Sucher, Biebl, Aigner, Pratschke, Öllinger)
| | - Christian Denecke
- From the Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria (Brandl, Kratzer, Kafka-Ritsch, Braunwarth, Weiss); the Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Charité Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany (Brandl, Atanasov, Pratschke); and the Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Charité Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany (Denecke, Sucher, Biebl, Aigner, Pratschke, Öllinger)
| | - Sascha Weiss
- From the Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria (Brandl, Kratzer, Kafka-Ritsch, Braunwarth, Weiss); the Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Charité Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany (Brandl, Atanasov, Pratschke); and the Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Charité Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany (Denecke, Sucher, Biebl, Aigner, Pratschke, Öllinger)
| | - Georgi Atanasov
- From the Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria (Brandl, Kratzer, Kafka-Ritsch, Braunwarth, Weiss); the Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Charité Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany (Brandl, Atanasov, Pratschke); and the Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Charité Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany (Denecke, Sucher, Biebl, Aigner, Pratschke, Öllinger)
| | - Robert Sucher
- From the Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria (Brandl, Kratzer, Kafka-Ritsch, Braunwarth, Weiss); the Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Charité Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany (Brandl, Atanasov, Pratschke); and the Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Charité Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany (Denecke, Sucher, Biebl, Aigner, Pratschke, Öllinger)
| | - Matthias Biebl
- From the Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria (Brandl, Kratzer, Kafka-Ritsch, Braunwarth, Weiss); the Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Charité Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany (Brandl, Atanasov, Pratschke); and the Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Charité Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany (Denecke, Sucher, Biebl, Aigner, Pratschke, Öllinger)
| | - Felix Aigner
- From the Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria (Brandl, Kratzer, Kafka-Ritsch, Braunwarth, Weiss); the Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Charité Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany (Brandl, Atanasov, Pratschke); and the Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Charité Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany (Denecke, Sucher, Biebl, Aigner, Pratschke, Öllinger)
| | - Johann Pratschke
- From the Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria (Brandl, Kratzer, Kafka-Ritsch, Braunwarth, Weiss); the Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Charité Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany (Brandl, Atanasov, Pratschke); and the Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Charité Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany (Denecke, Sucher, Biebl, Aigner, Pratschke, Öllinger)
| | - Robert Öllinger
- From the Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria (Brandl, Kratzer, Kafka-Ritsch, Braunwarth, Weiss); the Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Charité Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany (Brandl, Atanasov, Pratschke); and the Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Charité Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany (Denecke, Sucher, Biebl, Aigner, Pratschke, Öllinger)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Stam MAW, Draaisma WA, van de Wall BJM, Bolkenstein HE, Consten ECJ, Broeders IAMJ. An unrestricted diet for uncomplicated diverticulitis is safe: results of a prospective diverticulitis diet study. Colorectal Dis 2017; 19:372-377. [PMID: 27611011 DOI: 10.1111/codi.13505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM The optimal diet for uncomplicated diverticulitis is unclear. Guidelines refrain from recommendation due to lack of objective information. The aim of the study was to determine whether an unrestricted diet during a first acute episode of uncomplicated diverticulitis is safe. METHOD A prospective cohort study was performed of patients diagnosed with diverticulitis for the first time between 2012 and 2014. Requirements for inclusion were radiologically proven modified Hinchey Ia/b diverticulitis, American Society of Anesthesiologists class I-III and the ability to tolerate an unrestricted diet. Exclusion criteria were the use of antibiotics and suspicion of inflammatory bowel disease or malignancy. All included patients were advised to take an unrestricted diet. The primary outcome parameter was morbidity. Secondary outcome measures were the development of recurrence and ongoing symptoms. RESULTS There were 86 patients including 37 (43.0%) men. All patients were confirmed to have taken an unrestricted diet. There were nine adverse events in seven patients. These consisted of readmission for pain (five), recurrent diverticulitis (one) and surgery (three) for ongoing symptoms (two) and Hinchey Stage III (one). Seventeen (19.8%) patients experienced continuing symptoms 6 months after the initial episode and 4 (4.7%) experienced recurrent diverticulitis. CONCLUSION The incidence of complications among patients taking an unrestricted diet during an initial acute uncomplicated episode of diverticulitis was in line with that reported in the literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A W Stam
- Department of Surgery, Meander Medical Centre, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - W A Draaisma
- Department of Surgery, Meander Medical Centre, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - B J M van de Wall
- Department of Surgery, Meander Medical Centre, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - H E Bolkenstein
- Department of Surgery, Meander Medical Centre, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - E C J Consten
- Department of Surgery, Meander Medical Centre, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - I A M J Broeders
- Department of Surgery, Meander Medical Centre, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Haas JM, Singh M, Vakil N. Mortality and complications following surgery for diverticulitis: Systematic review and meta-analysis. United European Gastroenterol J 2016; 4:706-713. [PMID: 27733913 PMCID: PMC5042306 DOI: 10.1177/2050640615617357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The surgical treatment of diverticulitis is in a state of evolution. Clinicians across many disciplines need to counsel patients regarding surgical choices. OBJECTIVES A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to determine the mortality and complication rates following surgery for diverticulitis in both the emergent and elective setting. METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) for relevant articles published from 1980 to 2012. The primary outcome of interest was the point estimate of mortality, following surgery for diverticulitis. RESULTS Of the 289 citations reviewed, we included 59 studies. Overall, the point estimate for mortality was 3.05%, with a 95% confidence intereval (CI) of 1.73-5.32 and p < 0.001. Mortality following emergent surgery was 10.64% (95% CI 7.95-14.11; p < 0.001), versus 0.50% (95% CI 0.46-0.54; p < 0.001) following elective operations. A laparoscopic approach had an estimated mortality of 0.75% (95% CI 0.35-1.58; p < 0.001), compared to an open surgical approach, which had a mortality of 4.69% (95% CI 2.29-9.36, p < 0.001). The mortality following a resection with primary anastomosis was 1.96% (95% CI 1.22-3.13; p < 0.001) and for the Hartmann's procedure was 14.18% (95% CI 9.83-20.03; p < 0.001). A comparative analysis found that the risk of post-operative mortality was significantly higher following emergent surgery, compared to elective surgery (odds ratio (OR): 6.12 with 95% CI 1.62-23.10; p = 0.008; Q = 2.56, p = 0.46 and I2 = 0); the open approach, compared to a laparoscopic approach (OR: 36.43 with 95% CI 9.94-133.6; p = 0.13; and Q = 2.79, p = 0.25 and I2 = 28.26); and for Hartmann's procedure, compared to primary anastomosis without diversion (OR: 25.45 with 95% CI 15.13-42.81, p < 0.001; and Q = 23.34, p = 0.14 and I2 = 27.16). The overall reported post-operative complication rate was 32.64% (95% CI 27.43-38.32; p < 0.00). The overall surgical and medical complication rates were 18.96% and 13.93%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Urgent surgical treatment of diverticulitis has a significant complication rate. Even elective surgery has a significant complication rate that needs to be considered when doing the clinical decision-making for recurrent diverticulitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Haas
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aurora Health Care, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Maharaj Singh
- Aurora Research Institute, Aurora Sinai Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Nimish Vakil
- Division of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Stam M, Draaisma W, Consten E, Broeders I. Recurrences and Ongoing Complaints of Diverticulitis; Results of a Survey among Gastroenterologists and Surgeons. Dig Surg 2016; 33:197-202. [PMID: 26889879 PMCID: PMC5296916 DOI: 10.1159/000443642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the current opinion of gastroenterologists and surgeons on treatment strategies for patients, with recurrences or ongoing complaints of diverticulitis. BACKGROUND Treatment of recurrences and ongoing complaints remains a point of debate. No randomized trials have been published yet and guidelines are not uniform in their advice. DESIGN A web-based survey was conducted among gastroenterologists and GE-surgeons. Questions were aimed at the treatment options for recurrent diverticulitis and ongoing complaints. RESULTS In total, 123 surveys were filled out. The number of patients with recurrent or ongoing diverticulitis who were seen at the outpatient clinic each year was 7 (0-30) and 5 (0-115) respectively. Surgeons see significantly more patients on an annual basis 20 vs. 15% (p = 0.00). Both surgeons and gastroenterologists preferred to treat patients in a conservative manner using pain medication and lifestyle advise (64.4 vs. 54.0, p = 0.27); however, gastroenterologists would treat patients with mesalazine medication, which is significantly more (28%, p = 0.04) than in the surgical group. Surgeons are inclined more towards surgery (31.5%, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Both surgeons and gastroenterologists prefer to treat recurrent diverticulitis and ongoing complaints in a conservative manner. Quality of life, the risk of complications and the viewpoint of the patient are considered important factors in the decision to resect the affected colon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M.A.W. Stam
- *M.A.W. Stam, Department of Surgery Meander Medical Centre, PO Box 1502 NL-3800 BM Amersfoort (The Netherlands) E-Mail
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kaushik M, Bhullar JS, Bindroo S, Singh H, Mittal VK. Minimally Invasive Management of Complicated Diverticular Disease: Current Status and Review of Literature. Dig Dis Sci 2016; 61:663-72. [PMID: 26547753 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-015-3924-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diverticulitis is a common condition which carries significant morbidity and socioeconomic burden (McGillicuddy et al in Arch Surg 144:1157-1162, 2009). The surgical management of diverticulitis has undergone significant changes in recent years. This article reviews the role of minimally invasive approach in management of complicated diverticulitis, with a focus on recent concepts and advances. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature review of past 10 years (January 2004 to September 2014) was performed using the electronic database MEDLINE from PubMed which included articles only in English. RESULTS We identified total of 139 articles, out of which 50 were excluded resulting in 89 full-text articles for review 16 retrospective studies, 7 prospective cohorts, 1 case-control series and 1 systematic review were included. These suggest that urgent surgery is performed for those with sepsis and diffuse peritonitis or those who fail to improve despite medical therapy and/or percutaneous drainage. In addition, 3 randomized control trials: DILALA, LapLAND and the Scandinavian Diverticulitis trial are working towards evaluating whether laparoscopic lavage is safe in management of complicated diverticular diseases. Growing trend toward conservative or minimally invasive treatment modality even in severe acute diverticulitis was noticed. CONCLUSIONS Laparoscopic peritoneal lavage has evolved as a good alternative to invasive surgery, yet clear indications for its role in the management of complicated diverticulitis need to be established. Recent evidence suggests that existing guidelines for optimal management of complicated diverticulitis should be updated. Non-resectional radiographic techniques are likely to play a prominent role in the initial treatment of complicated diverticulitis in the near future.
Collapse
|
18
|
Gargallo Puyuelo CJ, Sopeña F, Lanas Arbeloa A. Colonic diverticular disease. Treatment and prevention. Gastroenterología y Hepatología 2015; 38:590-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gastrohep.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
19
|
Buchs NC, Mortensen NJ, Ris F, Morel P, Gervaz P. Natural history of uncomplicated sigmoid diverticulitis. World J Gastrointest Surg 2015; 7:313-318. [PMID: 26649154 PMCID: PMC4663385 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v7.i11.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
While diverticular disease is extremely common, the natural history (NH) of its most frequent presentation (i.e., sigmoid diverticulitis) is poorly investigated. Relevant information is mostly restricted to population-based or retrospective studies. This comprehensive review aimed to evaluate the NH of simple sigmoid diverticulitis. While there is a clear lack of uniformity in terminology, which results in difficulties interpreting and comparing findings between studies, this review demonstrates the benign nature of simple sigmoid diverticulitis. The overall recurrence rate is relatively low, ranging from 13% to 47%, depending on the definition used by the authors. Among different risk factors for recurrence, patients with C-reactive protein > 240 mg/L are three times more likely to recur. Other risk factors include: Young age, a history of several episodes of acute diverticulitis, medical vs surgical management, male patients, radiological signs of complicated first episode, higher comorbidity index, family history of diverticulitis, and length of involved colon > 5 cm. The risk of developing a complicated second episode (and its corollary to require an emergency operation) is less than 2%-5%. In fact, the old rationale for elective surgery as a preventive treatment, based mainly on concerns that recurrence would result in a progressively increased risk of sepsis or the need for a colostomy, is not upheld by the current evidence.
Collapse
|
20
|
Binda GA, Cuomo R, Laghi A, Nascimbeni R, Serventi A, Bellini D, Gervaz P, Annibale B. Practice parameters for the treatment of colonic diverticular disease: Italian Society of Colon and Rectal Surgery (SICCR) guidelines. Tech Coloproctol 2015; 19:615-26. [PMID: 26377584 DOI: 10.1007/s10151-015-1370-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The mission of the Italian Society of Colorectal Surgery (SICCR) is to optimize patient care. Providing evidence-based practice guidelines is therefore of key importance. About the present report it concernes the SICCR practice guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of diverticular disease of the colon. The guidelines are not intended to define the sole standard of care but to provide evidence-based recommendations regarding the available therapeutic options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G A Binda
- Department of Surgery, Galliera Hospital, Genoa, Italy.
| | - R Cuomo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - A Laghi
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, Rome I.C.O.T. Hospital, La Sapienza University, Latina, Italy
| | - R Nascimbeni
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - A Serventi
- Department of Surgery, Galliera Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - D Bellini
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, Rome I.C.O.T. Hospital, La Sapienza University, Latina, Italy
| | - P Gervaz
- Coloproctology Unit, La Colline Clinic, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - B Annibale
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Translational Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kruis W, Germer CT, Leifeld L. Diverticular disease: guidelines of the german society for gastroenterology, digestive and metabolic diseases and the german society for general and visceral surgery. Digestion 2015; 90:190-207. [PMID: 25413249 DOI: 10.1159/000367625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diverticular disease is one of the most common disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. 28-45% of the population develop colonic diverticula, while about 25% suffer symptoms and about 5% complications. AIM To create formal guidelines for diagnosis and management. METHODS Six working groups with 44 participants analyzed key questions in subject areas assigned to them. Following a systematic literature search, 451 publications were included. Consensus was obtained by agreement within the working groups, two Delphi processes and a guideline conference. RESULTS Targeted management of diverticular disease requires a classificatory diagnosis. A new classification was created. In addition to the clinical examination, intestinal ultrasound or computed tomography is the determining factor. Interval colonoscopy is recommended to exclude comorbidities. A low-fiber diet, obesity, lack of exercise, smoking and immunosuppression have an adverse impact on diverticulosis. This can lead to diverticulitis. Antibiotics are no longer recommended in uncomplicated diverticulitis if no risk factors such as immunosuppression are present. If close monitoring is ensured, uncomplicated diverticulitis can be treated on an outpatient basis. Complicated diverticulitis should be treated in hospital, involving broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy, where necessary abscess drainage, and surgery, if possible laparoscopically. In the case of chronic relapsing diverticulitis, the risk of perforation decreases with each episode, so that surgery is no longer recommended after the second episode but only following individual assessment. CONCLUSIONS New findings on diverticular disease call into question the overuse of antibiotics and excessive indications for surgery. Targeted treatment requires a precise diagnosis and intensive interdisciplinary cooperation.
Collapse
|
22
|
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony A Meyer
- Department of Surgery, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 4001 Burnett-Womack Building, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7050, USA
| | - Timothy S Sadiq
- Division of GI Surgery, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 4035 Burnett-Womack, CB 7081, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7081, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Stam MA, Arensman L, Stellato RK, Consten EC, Broeders IA, Draaisma WA. The relation between quality of life and histopathology in diverticulitis; can we predict specimen-related outcome? Int J Colorectal Dis 2015; 30:665-71. [PMID: 25739887 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-015-2176-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE An important factor in the decision to perform laparoscopic sigmoid resection for patient suffering from recurrent and ongoing diverticulitis is quality of life (QoL). It is unknown whether quality of life relates to the severity of diverticulitis as seen in the resected colonic segment. The aim of this study is to analyze histopathological findings of patients suffering from recurrent or ongoing diverticulitis and their QoL before and after surgery in order to improve patient outcome prediction. METHODS A cohort of consecutive patients with diverticulitis between January 2010 and April 2014 was analyzed. All patients were scheduled for surgery and had at least three episodes of diverticulitis or more within the last 2 years or experienced ongoing complaints for at least 3 months or more and confirmation by a radiologist. We compared QoL questionnaires, to known histopathological entities. RESULTS For this study, 54 consecutive patients were included, 15 (27.8%) men and 39 (72.2%) women. A marked difference in quality of life before and after surgery for patients having a more severe histopathological entity was not found (p = 0.83). However, a clinically relevant higher VAS score 6 months after surgery was shown in patients with peritonitis. Furthermore, these patients had more fibrosis in the histopathological samples. CONCLUSION In conclusion, even though a relation between the different pathological entities and QoL could not be determined, patients with diverticulitis and concomitant microscopic peritonitis had significantly more fibrosis and suffered from a higher VAS scores 6 months after surgery.
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Diverticulitis is one of the leading indications for elective colonic resections although there is an ongoing controversial discussion about classification, stage-dependent therapeutic options, and therapy settings. As there is a rising trend towards conservative therapy for diverticular disease even in patients with a complicated form of diverticulitis, we provide a compact overview of current surgical therapy principles and the remaining questions to be answered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian F Jurowich
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Paediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph T Germer
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Paediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Pietrzak A, Bartnik W, Szczepkowski M, Krokowicz P, Dziki A, Reguła J, Wallner G. Polish interdisciplinary consensus on diagnostics and treatment of colonic diverticulosis (2015). Polish Journal of Surgery 2015; 87:203-20. [DOI: 10.1515/pjs-2015-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
26
|
Cuomo R, Barbara G, Pace F, Annese V, Bassotti G, Binda GA, Casetti T, Colecchia A, Festi D, Fiocca R, Laghi A, Maconi G, Nascimbeni R, Scarpignato C, Villanacci V, Annibale B. Italian consensus conference for colonic diverticulosis and diverticular disease. United European Gastroenterol J 2014; 2:413-42. [PMID: 25360320 PMCID: PMC4212498 DOI: 10.1177/2050640614547068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The statements produced by the Consensus Conference on Diverticular Disease promoted by GRIMAD (Gruppo Italiano Malattia Diverticolare, Italian Group on Diverticular Diseases) are reported. Topics such as epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis, medical and surgical treatment of diverticular disease (DD) in patients with uncomplicated and complicated DD were reviewed by a scientific board of experts who proposed 55 statements graded according to level of evidence and strength of recommendation, and approved by an independent jury. Each topic was explored focusing on the more relevant clinical questions. Comparison and discussion of expert opinions, pertinent statements and replies to specific questions, were presented and approved based on a systematic literature search of the available evidence. Comments were added explaining the basis for grading the evidence, particularly for controversial areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Cuomo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Napoli, Italy
- Rosario Cuomo, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Hospital School of Medicine via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Barbara
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio Pace
- Department of Biochemical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Vito Annese
- Department of Gastroenterology, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Gabrio Bassotti
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, University of Perugia School of Medicine, Perugia, Italy
| | | | | | - Antonio Colecchia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Festi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Fiocca
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS San Martino-IST University Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Laghi
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, La ‘Sapienza' University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Maconi
- Gastroenterology Unit, L. Sacco University Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Nascimbeni
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Carmelo Scarpignato
- Clinical Pharmacology & Digestive Pathophysiology Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Bruno Annibale
- Medical-Surgical and Translational Medicine Department, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
|
28
|
Moore FA, Catena F, Moore EE, Leppaniemi A, Peitzmann AB. Position paper: management of perforated sigmoid diverticulitis. World J Emerg Surg 2013; 8:55. [PMID: 24369826 PMCID: PMC3877957 DOI: 10.1186/1749-7922-8-55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last three decades, emergency surgery for perforated sigmoid diverticulitis has evolved dramatically but remains controversial. Diverticulitis is categorized as uncomplicated (amenable to outpatient treatment) versus complicated (requiring hospitalization). Patients with complicated diverticulitis undergo computerized tomography (CT) scanning and the CT findings are used categorize the severity of disease. Treatment of stage I (phlegmon with or without small abscess) and stage II (phlegmon with large abscess) diverticulitis (which includes bowel rest, intravenous antibiotics and percutaneous drainage (PCD) of the larger abscesses) has not changed much over last two decades. On the other hand, treatment of stage III (purulent peritonitis) and stage IV (feculent peritonitis) diverticulitis has evolved dramatically and remains morbid. In the 1980s a two stage procedure (1st - segmental sigmoid resection with end colostomy and 2nd - colostomy closure after three to six months) was standard of care for most general surgeons. However, it was recognized that half of these patients never had their colostomy reversed and that colostomy closure was a morbid procedure. As a result starting in the 1990s colorectal surgical specialists increasing performed a one stage primary resection anastomosis (PRA) and demonstrated similar outcomes to the two stage procedure. In the mid 2000s, the colorectal surgeons promoted this as standard of care. But unfortunately despite advances in perioperative care and their excellent surgical skills, PRA for stage III/IV diverticulitis continued to have a high mortality (10-15%). The survivors require prolonged hospital stays and often do not fully recover. Recent case series indicate that a substantial portion of the patients who previously were subjected to emergency sigmoid colectomy can be successfully treated with less invasive nonoperative management with salvage PCD and/or laparoscopic lavage and drainage. These patients experience a surprisingly lower mortality and more rapid recovery. They are also spared the need for a colostomy and do not appear to benefit from a delayed elective sigmoid colectomy. While we await the final results ongoing prospective randomized clinical trials testing these less invasive alternatives, we have proposed (based primarily on case series and our expert opinions) what we believe safe and rationale management strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frederick A Moore
- Acute Care Surgery, University of Florida, 1600 Southwest Archer Road, PO Box 100108, Gainesville, FL 32610-0108, USA
| | - Fausto Catena
- Emergency Surgery Department, Parma University Hospital, Via Cracvia 23, Bologna 40139, Italy
| | - Ernest E Moore
- University of Colorado Health Science Center, Denver Health Science Center, 777 Bannock Street, Denver, CO 80204-4507, USA
| | - Ari Leppaniemi
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 4, PO Box 340, Meilahi Hospital, FIN-00029 HUS, Helsinki, HUS 00290, Finland
| | - Andrew B Peitzmann
- University of Pittsburgh, F-1281, UPMC-Presbyterian, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Andeweg CS, Mulder IM, Felt-Bersma RJF, Verbon A, van der Wilt GJ, van Goor H, Lange JF, Stoker J, Boermeester MA, Bleichrodt RP. Guidelines of diagnostics and treatment of acute left-sided colonic diverticulitis. Dig Surg 2013; 30:278-92. [PMID: 23969324 DOI: 10.1159/000354035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of acute left-sided colonic diverticulitis (ACD) is increasing in the Western world. To improve the quality of patient care, a guideline for diagnosis and treatment of diverticulitis is needed. METHODS A multidisciplinary working group, representing experts of relevant specialties, was involved in the guideline development. A systematic literature search was conducted to collect scientific evidence on epidemiology, classification, diagnostics and treatment of diverticulitis. Literature was assessed using the classification system according to an evidence-based guideline development method, and levels of evidence of the conclusions were assigned to each topic. Final recommendations were given, taking into account the level of evidence of the conclusions and other relevant considerations such as patient preferences, costs and availability of facilities. RESULTS The natural history of diverticulitis is usually mild and treatment is mostly conservative. Although younger patients have a higher risk of recurrent disease, a higher risk of complications compared to older patients was not found. In general, the clinical diagnosis of ACD is not accurate enough and therefore imaging is indicated. The triad of pain in the lower left abdomen on physical examination, the absence of vomiting and a C-reactive protein >50 mg/l has a high predictive value to diagnose ACD. If this triad is present and there are no signs of complicated disease, patients may be withheld from further imaging. If imaging is indicated, conditional computed tomography, only after a negative or inconclusive ultrasound, gives the best results. There is no indication for routine endoscopic examination after an episode of diverticulitis. There is no evidence for the routine administration of antibiotics in patients with clinically mild uncomplicated diverticulitis. Treatment of pericolic or pelvic abscesses can initially be treated with antibiotic therapy or combined with percutaneous drainage. If this treatment fails, surgical drainage is required. Patients with a perforated ACD resulting in peritonitis should undergo an emergency operation. There is an ongoing debate about the optimal surgical strategy. CONCLUSION Scientific evidence is scarce for some aspects of ACD treatment (e.g. natural history of ACD, ACD in special patient groups, prevention of ACD, treatment of uncomplicated ACD and medical treatment of recurrent ACD), leading to treatment being guided by the surgeon's personal preference. Other aspects of the management of patients with ACD have been more thoroughly researched (e.g. imaging techniques, treatment of complicated ACD and elective surgery of ACD). This guideline of the diagnostics and treatment of ACD can be used as a reference for clinicians who treat patients with ACD.
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
AIM Patients were studied after a first episode of acute left-colonic diverticulitis for the initial and later evolution of the disease with the aim of defining evidence-based indications for elective surgery. METHOD Relevant data from prospective studies were retrieved from a MEDLINE search of English language articles. RESULTS Young male patients (≤ 50 years of age) had a higher risk of CT-graded severe diverticulitis. After medical treatment of the first episode, the incidence of complications was highest for young patients with CT-graded severe diverticulitis and lowest for older patients with CT-graded moderate diverticulitis. Recurrence in the form of diffuse peritonitis was rare. CT grading of initial diverticulitis seemed to be a predictor of recurrence, whereas the role of age was less clear. A family history of diverticulitis might be predictive of recurrence. CONCLUSION CT grading of acute diverticulitis helps to predict poor outcome after medical treatment of a first episode. Elective surgical resection should be proposed to patients with residual symptoms who do not respond to conservative treatment. Additional research is needed to clarify the role of a genetic predisposition in the development of diverticulitis in young adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Ambrosetti
- Clinique Générale Beaulieu, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND A recurrent episode of diverticulitis is a new distinct episode of acute inflammation after a period of complete remission of symptoms. Outdated literature suggested a high recurrence rate (>40%) and a worse clinical presentation with less chance of conservative treatment. More recent studies showed a more benign course with no need toward an aggressive policy of treatment. METHODS We report data from revised literature and from our study: a 4-year multicenter retrospective and prospective database analysis of 743 patients hospitalized for acute diverticulitis (AD) treated medically or surgically and then followed for a minimum of 9 years. RESULTS The literature showed a recurrence rate of 25-35% at 5 years of follow-up, with a reduced risk of severe complications (i.e. perforations), a risk of subsequent emergency surgery of 2-14% and a risk of stoma and related death of 0-2.7%. Several risk factors of recurrence have been advocated: family history, abscess, severe CT stage, comorbidities (renal failure, collagen vascular disease) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Young age is still a matter of debate. These studies have different limitations: retrospective, lack of definition of AD, small number of patients, long recruiting time, short follow-up, study population or hospital-system based. In our study of 320 followed-up, medically treated patients, 61% were asymptomatic and 22% complained of chronic symptoms: the 12-year actuarial risk of recurrence, emergency surgery, stoma and death was 21.2, 8.3, 1 and 0%, respectively. Recurrence was related to very young age (<40 years) and more than 3 previous episodes of AD. CONCLUSION This study confirms the benign course of diverticulitis treated conservatively, with a low long-term risk of serious complications and death, and does not support an aggressive surgical policy to prevent them.
Collapse
|
32
|
Costi R, Cauchy F, Le Bian A, Honart JF, Creuze N, Smadja C. Challenging a classic myth: pneumoperitoneum associated with acute diverticulitis is not an indication for open or laparoscopic emergency surgery in hemodynamically stable patients. A 10-year experience with a nonoperative treatment. Surg Endosc. 2012;26:2061-2071. [PMID: 22274929 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-012-2157-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients presenting with acute diverticulitis (AD) and signs of acute peritonitis, the presence of extradigestive air (EDA) on a computer tomography (CT) scan is often considered to indicate the need for emergency surgery. Although the traditional management of "perforated" AD is open sigmoidectomy, more recently, laparoscopic drainage/lavage (usually followed by delayed elective sigmoidectomy) has been reported. The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate the results of nonoperative management of emergency patients presenting with AD and EDA. METHODS The outcomes of 39 consecutive hemodynamically stable patients (23 men, mean age = 54.7 years) who were admitted with AD and EDA and were managed nonoperatively (antibiotic and supportive treatment) at a tertiary-care university hospital between January 2001 and June 2010 were retrospectively collected and analyzed. These included morbidity (Clavien-Dindo) and treatment failure (need for emergency surgery or death). A univariate analysis of clinical, radiological, and laboratory criteria with respect to treatment failure was performed. Results of delayed elective laparoscopic sigmoidectomy were also analyzed. RESULTS There was no mortality. Thirty-six of the 39 patients (92.3%) did not need surgery (7 patients required CT-guided abscess drainage). Mean hospital stay was 8.1 days. Duration of symptoms, previous antibiotic administration, severe sepsis, PCR level, WBC concentration, and the presence of abdominal collection were associated with treatment failure, whereas "distant" location of EDA and free abdominal fluid were not. Five patients had recurrence of AD and were treated medically. Seventeen patients (47.2%) underwent elective laparoscopic sigmoidectomy for which mean operative time was 246 min (range = 100-450) and the conversion rate was 11.8%. Mortality was nil and the morbidity rate was 41.2%. Mean postoperative stay was 7.1 days (range = 4-23). CONCLUSIONS Nonoperative management is a viable option in most emergency patients presenting with AD and EDA, even in the presence of symptoms of peritonitis or altered laboratory tests. Delayed laparoscopic sigmoidectomy may be useless in certain cases and its results poorer than expected.
Collapse
|
33
|
|
34
|
Ritz JP, Lehmann KS, Frericks B, Stroux A, Buhr HJ, Holmer C. Outcome of patients with acute sigmoid diverticulitis: Multivariate analysis of risk factors for free perforation. Surgery 2011; 149:606-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2010.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
35
|
Ritz JP, Lehmann KS, Stroux A, Buhr HJ, Holmer C. Sigmoid diverticulitis in young patients--a more aggressive disease than in older patients? J Gastrointest Surg 2011; 15:667-74. [PMID: 21318443 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-011-1457-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is controversy over whether sigmoid diverticulitis (SD) is more aggressive with a higher risk of perforation in younger than in older patients. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical presentation and outcome of patients ≤40 and >40 years old with acute diverticulitis. PATIENTS AND METHODS Consecutive admissions of all patients with acute SD were prospectively recruited from January 1998 to June 2010. RESULTS A total of 1,019 patients were included: 513 (69 ≤40 years and 444 >40 years) presented with their first episode, while 506 (20 ≤40 years, 486 >40 years) had a prior history of SD. The percentage of patients with severe SD did not differ between the two age groups either for the first (covered perforation, 30.4% vs. 29.5%, p = 0.875; free perforation, 26.1% vs. 23.9%, p = 0.69) or for the recurrent episode (covered perforation, 15% vs. 8.2%, p = 0.287; free perforation, 5% vs. 4.1%, p = 0.846). Furthermore, the rate of emergency surgery did not differ between both age groups either for the first (26.1% vs. 23.9%, p = 0.690) or the recurrent episode (5% vs. 4.1%, p = 0.846). No differences in the rate of Hartmann's procedure (52.6% vs. 68.3%, p = 0.180) and failure of conservative treatment (3.4% vs. 4.9%, p = 0.607) were observed between younger and older patients. CONCLUSION Acute SD in younger patients is not more aggressive and has no higher risk of perforation or need for emergency surgery compared to older patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jörg-Peter Ritz
- Department of General, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Affiliation(s)
- Aisling Hogan
- Institute for Clinical Outcomes Research and Education, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ben Yaacoub I, Boulay-Coletta I, Jullès MC, Zins M. CT findings of misleading features of colonic diverticulitis. Insights Imaging 2010; 2:69-84. [PMID: 22347935 PMCID: PMC3259374 DOI: 10.1007/s13244-010-0051-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2010] [Revised: 10/05/2010] [Accepted: 10/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Colonic diverticulitis (CD) is a common entity whose diagnosis is particularly based on computed tomography (CT) examination, which is the imaging technique of choice. However, unusual CT findings of CD may lead to several difficulties and potential pitfalls: due to technical errors in the management of the CT examination, due to the anatomical situation of the diseased colon, in diagnosing unusual complications that may concern the gastrointestinal tract, intra- and retroperitoneal viscera or the abdominal wall, and in differentiating CD from other abdominal inflammatory and infectious conditions or colonic cancer. The aim of this work is to delineate the pitfalls of CT imaging and illustrate misleading CT features in patients with suspected CD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ismahen Ben Yaacoub
- Radiology Department, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint Joseph, 185 rue Raymond Losserand, 75674 Paris Cedex 14, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|