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Bayır M, Özdemir E. Genomic organization and transcription of superoxide dismutase genes ( sod1, sod2, and sod3b) and response to diazinon toxicity in platyfish ( Xiphophorus maculatus) by using SOD enzyme activity. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:3578-3588. [PMID: 36811494 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2023.2178931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to determine the effects of 50% of 96 h LC50 (5.25 ppm) diazinon on the expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme genes (sod1, sod2, and sod3b) and SOD enzyme activity at the end of 24, 48, 72, and 96 h in platyfish liver and gill tissues. To this end, we determined the tissue-specific distribution of sod1, sod2, and sod3b genes and performed in silico analyses in platyfish (Xiphophorus maculatus). It was determined that malondialdehyde (MDA) level and SOD enzyme activity were increased in the liver [(43.90 EU mg protein-1 (control), 62.45 EU mg protein-1 (24 h), 73.17 EU mg protein-1 (48 h), 82.18 EU mg protein-1 (72 h), 92.93 EU mg protein-1 (96 h)] and gill [(16.44 EU mg protein-1 (control), 33.47 EU mg protein-1 (24 h), 50.38 EU mg protein-1 (48 h), 64.62 EU mg protein-1 (72 h), 74.04 EU mg protein-1 (96 h)] tissues of platyfish exposed to diazinon, while the expression of the sod genes was down-regulated. The tissue-specific distribution of the sod genes varied, with the tissues and the sod genes expression were being predominant in the liver (628.32 in sod1, 637.59 in sod2, 888.5 in sod3b). Thus, the liver was considered a suitable tissue for further gene expression studies. Based on the phylogenetic analyses, platyfish sod genes can be reported to be orthologs of sod/SOD genes from other vertebrates. Identity/similarity analyses supported this determination. Conserved gene synteny proved that there are conserved sod genes in platyfish, zebrafish, and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehtap Bayır
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Erdal Özdemir
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Bakiu R, Pacchini S, Piva E, Schumann S, Tolomeo AM, Ferro D, Irato P, Santovito G. Metallothionein Expression as a Physiological Response against Metal Toxicity in the Striped Rockcod Trematomus hansoni. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12799. [PMID: 36361591 PMCID: PMC9657541 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal bioaccumulation and metallothionein (MT) expression were investigated in the gills and liver of the red-blooded Antarctic teleost Trematomus hansoni to evaluate the possibility for this species to face, with adequate physiological responses, an increase of copper and cadmium concentrations in its tissues. Specimens of this Antarctic fish were collected from Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea) and used for a metal exposure experiment in controlled laboratory conditions. The two treatments led to a significant accumulation of both metals and increased gene transcription only for the MT-1. The biosynthesis of MTs was verified especially in specimens exposed to Cd, but most of these proteins were soon oxidized, probably because they were involved in cell protection against oxidative stress risk by scavenging reactive oxygen species. The obtained data highlighted the phenotypic plasticity of T. hansoni, a species that evolved in an environment characterized by naturally high concentrations of Cu and Cd, and maybe the possibility for the Antarctic fish to face the challenges of a world that is becoming more toxic every day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rigers Bakiu
- Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Agricultural University of Tirana, 1000 Tirana, Albania
| | - Sara Pacchini
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Piva
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Sophia Schumann
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Tolomeo
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Science and Public Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Diana Ferro
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Paola Irato
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Santovito
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
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Xue Y, Chen L, Li B, Xiao J, Wang H, Dong C, Li X, Xu P. Genome-wide mining of gpx gene family provides new insights into cadmium stress responses in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Gene 2022; 821:146291. [PMID: 35176426 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) is an important member of antioxidant enzymes, which can play a vital role in metabolizing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and in maintaining cell homeostasis. In order to study the evolutionary dynamics of gpx gene family in allotetraploid fish species, we identified a total of 14 gpx genes in common carp Cyprinus carpio, while 9 gpx genes were discovered in the diploid progenitor-like species Poropuntius huangchuchieni. Comparative genomic analysis and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the common carp gpx genes had significant expansion and were divided into five distinct subclades. Exon-intron distribution patterns and conserved motif analysis revealed highly conserved evolutionary patterns. Transcript profiles suggested that different gpx genes had specific patterns of regulation during early embryonic development. In adult tissues, gpx genes had a relatively broad expression distribution, most of which were highly expressed in the gills, intestines, and gonads. RT-qPCR studies showed that most gpx genes were downregulated during the initial cd2+ treatment stage. Dietary supplementation of Bacillus coagulans at different concentrations (Group 2 of 1.0 × 107 cfu/g, Group 3 of 1.0 × 108 cfu/g, and Group 4 of 1.0 × 109 cfu/g) induced different regulatory responses of gpx subclades. This result suggested that the appropriate concentration of B. coagulans can improve gpx gene expression when exposed to heavy metal cadmium treatment, which may play a vital role in the resistance to oxidative stress and immune responses. This study has expanded our understanding of the functional evolution of the gpx gene family in common carp.
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Tolomeo AM, Fabozzo A, Malvicini R, De Lazzari G, Bisaccia P, Gaburro G, Arcidiacono D, Notarangelo D, Caicci F, Zanella F, Marchesan M, Yannarelli G, Santovito G, Muraca M, Gerosa G. Temperature-Related Effects of Myocardial Protection Strategies in Swine Hearts after Prolonged Warm Ischemia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030476. [PMID: 35326125 PMCID: PMC8944743 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Insufficient supply of cardiac grafts represents a severe obstacle in heart transplantation. Donation after circulatory death (DCD), in addition to conventional donation after brain death, is one promising option to overcome the organ shortage. However, DCD organs undergo an inevitably longer period of unprotected warm ischemia between circulatory arrest and graft procurement. In this scenario, we aim to improve heart preservation after a warm ischemic period of 20 min by testing different settings of myocardial protective strategies. Pig hearts were collected from a slaughterhouse and assigned to one of the five experimental groups: baseline (BL), cold cardioplegia (CC), cold cardioplegia + adenosine (CC-ADN), normothermic cardioplegia (NtC + CC) or normothermic cardioplegia + cold cardioplegia + adenosine (NtC-ADN + CC). After treatment, tissue biopsies were taken to assess mitochondrial morphology, antioxidant enzyme activity, lipid peroxidation and cytokine and chemokine expressions. NtC + CC treatment significantly prevented mitochondria swelling and mitochondrial cristae loss. Moreover, the antioxidant enzyme activity was lower in this group, as was lipid peroxidation, and the pro-inflammatory chemokine GM-CSF was diminished. Finally, we demonstrated that normothermic cardioplegia preserved mitochondria morphology, thus preventing oxidative stress and the subsequent inflammatory response. Therefore, normothermic cardioplegia is a better approach to preserve the heart after a warm ischemia period, with respect to cold cardioplegia, before transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Tolomeo
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Science and Public Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy; (A.M.T.); (D.N.); (G.G.)
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, 35128 Padua, Italy; (R.M.); (G.D.L.); (M.M.)
| | - Assunta Fabozzo
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, 35128 Padua, Italy; (R.M.); (G.D.L.); (M.M.)
- Cardiac Surgery Unit, Hospital University of Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-049-8212413
| | - Ricardo Malvicini
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, 35128 Padua, Italy; (R.M.); (G.D.L.); (M.M.)
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy;
- Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería (IMeTTyB) CONICET—Universidad Favaloro), Buenos Aires 1078, Argentina;
| | - Giada De Lazzari
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, 35128 Padua, Italy; (R.M.); (G.D.L.); (M.M.)
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy;
| | - Paola Bisaccia
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy;
| | - Gianluca Gaburro
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy; (G.G.); (F.C.); (G.S.)
| | - Diletta Arcidiacono
- Gastroenterology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padua, Italy;
| | - Denni Notarangelo
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Science and Public Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy; (A.M.T.); (D.N.); (G.G.)
| | - Federico Caicci
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy; (G.G.); (F.C.); (G.S.)
| | - Fabio Zanella
- Cardiac Surgery Unit, Hospital University of Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy;
| | | | - Gustavo Yannarelli
- Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería (IMeTTyB) CONICET—Universidad Favaloro), Buenos Aires 1078, Argentina;
| | - Gianfranco Santovito
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy; (G.G.); (F.C.); (G.S.)
| | - Maurizio Muraca
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, 35128 Padua, Italy; (R.M.); (G.D.L.); (M.M.)
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy;
| | - Gino Gerosa
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Science and Public Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy; (A.M.T.); (D.N.); (G.G.)
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, 35128 Padua, Italy; (R.M.); (G.D.L.); (M.M.)
- Cardiac Surgery Unit, Hospital University of Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy;
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Drago L, Ferro D, Bakiu R, Ballarin L, Santovito G. Typical 2-Cys Peroxiredoxins as a Defense Mechanism against Metal-Induced Oxidative Stress in the Solitary Ascidian Ciona robusta. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:antiox11010093. [PMID: 35052596 PMCID: PMC8772837 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Typical 2-Cys peroxiredoxins (2-Cys Prdxs) are proteins with antioxidant properties belonging to the thioredoxin peroxidase family. With their peroxidase activity, they contribute to the homeostatic control of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and, therefore, participate in various physiological functions, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Although Prdxs have been shown to be potential biomarkers for monitoring aquatic environments, minimal scientific attention has been devoted to describing their molecular architecture and function in marine invertebrates. Our study aims to clarify the protective role against stress induced by exposure to metals (Cu, Zn, and Cd) of three Prdxs (Prdx2, Prdx3, and Prdx4) in the solitary ascidian Ciona robusta, an invertebrate chordate. Here, we report a detailed pre- and post-translational regulation of the three Prdx isoforms. Data on intestinal mRNA expression, provided by qRT-PCR analyses, show a generalized increase for Prdx2, -3, and -4, which is correlated to metal accumulation. Furthermore, the increase in tissue enzyme activity observed after Zn exposure is slower than that observed with Cu and Cd. The obtained results increase our knowledge of the evolution of anti-stress proteins in invertebrates and emphasize the importance of the synthesis of Prdxs as an efficient way to face adverse environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Drago
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Diana Ferro
- Children’s Mercy Research Institute, Hospital and Clinics, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Rigers Bakiu
- Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Agricultural University of Tirana, 1000 Tiranë, Albania;
| | - Loriano Ballarin
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy;
- Correspondence: (L.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Gianfranco Santovito
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy;
- Correspondence: (L.B.); (G.S.)
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Marrone A, La Russa D, Brunelli E, Santovito G, La Russa MF, Barca D, Pellegrino D. Antarctic Fish as a Global Pollution Sensor: Metals Biomonitoring in a Twelve-Year Period. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:794946. [PMID: 34957222 PMCID: PMC8695606 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.794946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Antarctica represents a unique natural laboratory for ecotoxicological studies as it is characterized by low internal pollutants emissions but high external contamination levels. Indeed, warm temperatures promote pollutant evaporation (low latitudes), while cool temperatures (high latitudes) promote its deposition from the atmosphere on land/water. Metals are the most important pollutants in ecosystems and represent a serious and global threat to aquatic and terrestrial organisms. Since 2000, the risks posed by metals have led many States to ratify protocols aimed at reducing their emissions. Endemic Antarctic organisms represent excellent bioindicators in order to evaluate the efficacy of global measures adopted to mitigate pollutants release into the environment. In this study (supported by PNRA18-00133), we estimated the metals contamination levels and the metallothionein-1 expression in liver samples of two Antarctic fish species, the icefish Chionodraco hamatus and the red-blooded Trematomus bernacchii, collected in the same area during 2002 and 2014. The chosen area is located in the Ross Sea, a unique area as it is also isolated from the rest of the Southern Ocean. The analysis of contamination trends throughout this period showed, in both species, a significant increase over time of metals bioaccumulation and metallothionein-1 expression. In addition, our result clearly indicated that the detoxifying ability of the two organisms analyzed greatly differs, probably due to haemoglobin presence/absence. Our work represents an important early step to obtain valuable information in conservation strategies for both Antarctic and non-Antarctic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Marrone
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Daniele La Russa
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Elvira Brunelli
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | | | | | - Donatella Barca
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Daniela Pellegrino
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
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Castaldo G, Nguyễn T, Town RM, Bervoets L, Blust R, De Boeck G. Common carp exposed to binary mixtures of Cd(II) and Zn(II): A study on metal bioaccumulation and ion-homeostasis. Aquat Toxicol 2021; 237:105875. [PMID: 34098373 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aquatic environment receives a wide variety of contaminants that interact with each other, influencing their mutual toxicity. Therefore, studies of mixtures are needed to fully understand their deleterious effects on aquatic organisms. In the present experiment, we aimed to assess the effects of Cd and Zn mixtures in common carp during a one-week exposure. The used nominal waterborne metal levels were 0.02, 0.05 and 0.10 µM for Cd and 3, 7.5 and 15 µM for Zn. Our results showed on the one hand a fast Cd increase and on the other hand a delayed Zn accumulation. In the mixture scenario an inhibition of Cd accumulation due to Zn was marked in the liver but temporary in the gills. For Zn, the delayed accumulation gives an indication of the efficient homeostasis of this essential metal. Between the different mixtures, a stimulation of Zn accumulation by Cd rather than an inhibition was seen in the highest metal mixtures. However, when compared to an earlier single Zn exposure, a reduced Zn accumulation was observed. Metallothionein gene expression was quickly activated in the analysed tissues suggesting that the organism promptly responded to the stressful situation. Finally, the metal mixture did not alter tissue electrolyte levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Castaldo
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - T Nguyễn
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - R M Town
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - L Bervoets
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - R Blust
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - G De Boeck
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
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Beemelmanns A, Zanuzzo FS, Sandrelli RM, Rise ML, Gamperl AK. The Atlantic salmon's stress- and immune-related transcriptional responses to moderate hypoxia, an incremental temperature increase, and these challenges combined. G3 (Bethesda) 2021; 11:jkab102. [PMID: 34015123 PMCID: PMC8613830 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The marine environment is predicted to become warmer, and more hypoxic, and these conditions may negatively impact the health and survival of coastal fish species, including wild and farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Thus, we examined how: (1) moderate hypoxia (∼70% air saturation) at 12°C for 3 weeks; (2) an incremental temperature increase from 12°C to 20°C (at 1°C week-1) followed by 4 weeks at 20°C; and (3) treatment "2" combined with moderate hypoxia affected transcript expression in the liver of post-smolts as compared to control conditions (normoxia, 12°C). Specifically, we assessed the expression of 45 genes related to the heat shock response, oxidative stress, apoptosis, metabolism and immunity using a high-throughput qPCR approach (Fluidigm Biomark™ HD). The expression profiles of 27 "stress"-related genes indicated that: (i) moderate hypoxia affected the expression of several stress genes at 12°C; (ii) their expression was impacted by 16°C under normoxic conditions, and this effect increased until 20°C; (iii) the effects of moderate hypoxia were not additive to those at temperatures above 16°C; and (iv) long-term (4 weeks) exposure to 20°C, with or without hypoxia, resulted in a limited acclimatory response. In contrast, the expression of 15 immune-related genes was not greatly affected until temperatures reached 20°C, and this effect was particularly evident in fish exposed to the added challenge of hypoxia. These results provide valuable information on how these two important environmental factors affect the "stress" physiology and immunology of Atlantic salmon, and we identify genes that may be useful as hypoxia and/or temperature biomarkers in salmonids and other fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Beemelmanns
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University,
St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Fábio S Zanuzzo
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University,
St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Rebeccah M Sandrelli
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University,
St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Matthew L Rise
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University,
St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - A Kurt Gamperl
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University,
St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
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Laura D, Anna P, Nicola F, Loriano B, Rigers B, Gianfranco S. Stress granules in Ciona robusta: First evidences of TIA-1-related nucleolysin and tristetraprolin gene expression under metal exposure. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 243:108977. [PMID: 33465518 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.108977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Stress granules are non-membranous cytoplasmic foci, composed of non-translating messenger ribonucleoproteins, translational initiation factors and other additional proteins. They represent a primary mechanism to rapidly modulate gene expression when cells are subjected to adverse environmental conditions. Very few works have been devoted to study the presence of the molecular components of stress granules in invertebrates. In this work, we characterized the transcript sequences for two important protein components of stress granules, TIA-1-related nucleolysin (TIAR) and tristetraprolin (TTP), in the solitary ascidian Ciona robusta, an invertebrate chordate, and carried out the first studies on their gene expression under stress conditions induced by metals (Cu, Zn and Cd). Data on mRNA expression levels, provided by qRT-PCR analyses, show a generalized decrease at the second day of metal-exposure for both tiar and ttp, suggesting that metal accumulation induces acute stress and the inhibition of the transcription for the two studied proteins. In-situ hybridization analyses demonstrate that TIAR and TTP antisense riboprobes recognize circulating granular amoebocytes in the hemolymph, in both blood lacunae and tunic. The results obtained in this work increase our knowledge on the evolution of anti-stress proteins in metazoans and emphasize the importance of the transcription of tiar and ttp, which represents an efficient physiological response allowing organisms to survive in the environment under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drago Laura
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Peronato Anna
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Franchi Nicola
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Ballarin Loriano
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Bakiu Rigers
- Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Agricultural University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | - Santovito Gianfranco
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
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10
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Beemelmanns A, Zanuzzo FS, Xue X, Sandrelli RM, Rise ML, Gamperl AK. The transcriptomic responses of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to high temperature stress alone, and in combination with moderate hypoxia. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:261. [PMID: 33845767 PMCID: PMC8042886 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07464-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increases in ocean temperatures and in the frequency and severity of hypoxic events are expected with climate change, and may become a challenge for cultured Atlantic salmon and negatively affect their growth, immunology and welfare. Thus, we examined how an incremental temperature increase alone (Warm & Normoxic-WN: 12 → 20 °C; 1 °C week- 1), and in combination with moderate hypoxia (Warm & Hypoxic-WH: ~ 70% air saturation), impacted the salmon's hepatic transcriptome expr\ession compared to control fish (CT: 12 °C, normoxic) using 44 K microarrays and qPCR. RESULTS Overall, we identified 2894 differentially expressed probes (DEPs, FDR < 5%), that included 1111 shared DEPs, while 789 and 994 DEPs were specific to WN and WH fish, respectively. Pathway analysis indicated that the cellular mechanisms affected by the two experimental conditions were quite similar, with up-regulated genes functionally associated with the heat shock response, ER-stress, apoptosis and immune defence, while genes connected with general metabolic processes, proteolysis and oxidation-reduction were largely suppressed. The qPCR assessment of 41 microarray-identified genes validated that the heat shock response (hsp90aa1, serpinh1), apoptosis (casp8, jund, jak2) and immune responses (apod, c1ql2, epx) were up-regulated in WN and WH fish, while oxidative stress and hypoxia sensitive genes were down-regulated (cirbp, cyp1a1, egln2, gstt1, hif1α, prdx6, rraga, ucp2). However, the additional challenge of hypoxia resulted in more pronounced effects on heat shock and immune-related processes, including a stronger influence on the expression of 14 immune-related genes. Finally, robust correlations between the transcription of 19 genes and several phenotypic traits in WH fish suggest that changes in gene expression were related to impaired physiological and growth performance. CONCLUSION Increasing temperature to 20 °C alone, and in combination with hypoxia, resulted in the differential expression of genes involved in similar pathways in Atlantic salmon. However, the expression responses of heat shock and immune-relevant genes in fish exposed to 20 °C and hypoxia were more affected, and strongly related to phenotypic characteristics (e.g., growth). This study provides valuable information on how these two environmental challenges affect the expression of stress-, metabolic- and immune-related genes and pathways, and identifies potential biomarker genes for improving our understanding of fish health and welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Beemelmanns
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada.
- Current Address: Département de Biologie, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Fábio S Zanuzzo
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Xi Xue
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Rebeccah M Sandrelli
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Matthew L Rise
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - A Kurt Gamperl
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada.
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11
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Motta CM, Simoniello P, Di Lorenzo M, Migliaccio V, Panzuto R, Califano E, Santovito G. Endocrine disrupting effects of copper and cadmium in the oocytes of the Antarctic Emerald rockcod Trematomus bernacchii. Chemosphere 2021; 268:129282. [PMID: 33360142 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Antarctica has long been considered a continent free from anthropic interference. Unfortunately, recent evidence indicate that metal contamination has gone so far and that its effects are still unknown. For this reason, in the present work, the potential endocrine disrupting effect of two highly polluting metals, copper and cadmium, were examined in the Antarctic teleost Trematomus bernacchii. After a 10 days waterborne exposure, ovarian metal uptake was determined by atomic absorption; in parallel, classical histological approaches were adopted to determine the effects on oocyte morphology, carbohydrate composition and presence and localization of progesterone and estrogen receptors. Results show that both metals induce oocyte degeneration in about one third of the previtellogenic oocytes, no matter the stage of development. In apparently healthy oocytes, changes in cytoplasm, cortical alveoli and/or chorion carbohydrates composition are observed. Cadmium but not copper also induces significant changes in the localization of progesterone and beta-estrogen receptors, a result that well correlates with the observed increase in ovarian metals concentrations. In conclusion, the acute modifications detected are suggestive of a significantly impaired fecundity and of a marked endocrine disrupting effects of copper and cadmium in this teleost species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Palma Simoniello
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy.
| | | | - Vincenzo Migliaccio
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "Adolfo Zambelli", University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Raffaele Panzuto
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Emanuela Califano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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12
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Santovito G, Trentin E, Gobbi I, Bisaccia P, Tallandini L, Irato P. Non-enzymatic antioxidant responses of Mytilus galloprovincialis: Insights into the physiological role against metal-induced oxidative stress. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 240:108909. [PMID: 33022382 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The exposure to metals is known to generate oxidative stress in living organisms, which can result in the induction of protective antioxidant defences, both enzymatic and non-enzymatic. This work aims to obtain new data on the existing links among several non-enzymatic components of the antioxidant system, that are physiologically related to both metal sequestration and defense against metal-induced oxidative stress, using the blue mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) as a model organism. Specimens of this marine bivalve were experimentally exposed to cadmium (Cd), used as oxidative stress inducer. Cd, metallothionein (MT), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, and glutathione reductase (GR) activity in gills and in digestive glands were assessed at 0, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. The obtained results provide new data about the relationships among the non-enzymatic antioxidant cellular components considered in this study. These constitute the prompt physiological responses to the oxidative stress in blue mussels exposed to Cd in controlled laboratory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ilaria Gobbi
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Paola Irato
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Italy
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13
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Shao X, Sun D, Zhang B, Cheng L, Yan C, Zhu G. Association between GPx-1 polymorphisms and personality traits in healthy Chinese-Han subjects. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01897. [PMID: 33070477 PMCID: PMC7749609 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cloninger developed the three-dimensional personality theory and Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ), which shows that some dimensions of personality traits are heritable and related to neurotransmitters including dopamine. glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1) plays an important role in metabolic dopamine change and closely relates to neurological and psychiatric disorders. The impact of GPx-1 polymorphisms has been rarely explored in the field of personality traits. We decide to explore the relationships between them in healthy Chinese-Han subjects by using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). METHODS In our study, 493 healthy Chinese-Han participants (male = 234, female = 259) were recruited. 2 ml of EDTA-treated blood from each volunteer was taken; meanwhile, personality traits were assessed by TPQ. We detected the genotypes of selected two polymorphisms through PCR-RFLP after extracting DNA. Finally, the association between different genotypes and TPQ scores was performed using SPSS, p < .05 is seen as significant statistical significance. RESULTS Our data found a correlation between rs1800668 and novelty seeking (NS) subscale NS2 (X2 = 7.392, p = .025). While the results showed the rs1050450 was significantly associated with NS4 (X2 = 6.059, p = .048). Regarding sex stratification, there was a significant difference in the NS2 score (X2 = 8.232, p = .016) among women for rs1800668. No sex effect was observed for either genotype for rs1050450. CONCLUSION GPx-1polymorphism is related to personality traits in healthy Chinese-Han subjects. Our results suggested that GPx-1 may be involved in the biological mechanisms and be a potential gene that influenced personality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Shao
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dongxue Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bihui Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lingfei Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ci Yan
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Gang Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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14
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Chatzidimitriou E, Bisaccia P, Corrà F, Bonato M, Irato P, Manuto L, Toppo S, Bakiu R, Santovito G. Copper/Zinc Superoxide Dismutase from the Crocodile Icefish Chionodraco hamatus: Antioxidant Defense at Constant Sub-Zero Temperature. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9040325. [PMID: 32316382 PMCID: PMC7222407 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9040325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we describe the purification and molecular characterization of Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) from Chionodraco hamatus, an Antarctic teleost widely distributed in many areas of the Ross Sea that plays a pivotal role in the Antarctic food chain. The primary sequence was obtained using biochemical and molecular biology approaches and compared with Cu,Zn SODs from other organisms. Multiple sequence alignment using the amino acid sequence revealed that Cu,Zn SOD showed considerable sequence similarity with its orthologues from various vertebrate species, but also some specific substitutions directly linked to cold adaptation. Phylogenetic analyses presented the monophyletic status of Antartic Teleostei among the Perciformes, confirming the erratic differentiation of these proteins and concurring with the theory of the "unclock-like" behavior of Cu,Zn SOD evolution. Expression of C. hamatus Cu,Zn SOD at both the mRNA and protein levels were analyzed in various tissues, highlighting the regulation of gene expression related to environmental stress conditions and also animal physiology. The data presented are the first on the antioxidant enzymes of a fish belonging to the Channichthyidae family and represent an important starting point in understanding the antioxidant systems of these organisms that are subject to constant risk of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Chatzidimitriou
- Institute of Natural Resource Sciences, ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences, 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland;
| | - Paola Bisaccia
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (P.B.); (F.C.); (M.B.); (P.I.)
| | - Francesca Corrà
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (P.B.); (F.C.); (M.B.); (P.I.)
| | - Marco Bonato
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (P.B.); (F.C.); (M.B.); (P.I.)
| | - Paola Irato
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (P.B.); (F.C.); (M.B.); (P.I.)
| | - Laura Manuto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.M.); (S.T.)
| | - Stefano Toppo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.M.); (S.T.)
- CRIBI Biotech Centre, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Rigers Bakiu
- Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Agricultural University of Tirana, 1000 Tiranë, Albania;
| | - Gianfranco Santovito
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (P.B.); (F.C.); (M.B.); (P.I.)
- Correspondence:
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15
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Zhu QL, Zhang XL, Hu W, Zhang JS, Zheng JL. Larimichthys crocea is a suitable bioindicator for monitoring short-term Cd discharge along the coast: An experimental study. Environ Pollut 2020; 259:113849. [PMID: 31931410 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the feasibility of using a marine cage fish Larimichthys crocea as a model for monitoring short-time Cd discharge near the sewage outlet. Fish were exposed to 0, 20, 100, 500 and 2500 μg/L for 6 h. Cd concentrations in gills, and left and right lobes of hepatopancreas were examined as well as activity levels of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathion-S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), lipid peroxidation, glutathione (GSH) and mRNA levels of 19 genes encoding these enzymes. Cd concentrations increased at 100, 500 and 2500 μg/L Cd in gill and at 2500 μg/L Cd in hepatopancreas. Lipid peroxidation increased and GSH levels declined in gills at 2500 μg/L Cd. On the contrary, oxidative damage was not observed in hepatopancreas but GSH levels increased at all tested concentrations of Cd in the left lobe and at 20 μg/L Cd in the right lobe. The enhanced antioxidant response was confirmed in gills due to the increased activity levels of antioxidant enzymes and the up-regulated mRNA levels of most genes. However, disordered antioxidant response was observed in hepatopancreas, showing a dose- and lobe-dependent effect. RNA-seq and q-PCR analyses were performed to investigate differently expressed genes between both lobes under different concentrations of Cd. The most significantly enriched pathway term was pancreatic secretion, where the right lobe showed higher mRNA levels of 18 genes encoding pancreatic digestive enzymes than the left one under Cd stress. Interestingly, both lobes had the same mRNA levels of digestive enzyme genes and antioxidant genes in fish without Cd exposure. Overall, Larimichthys crocea is very sensitive to environmental exposure to cadmium. The present study for the first time investigates Cd-induced antioxidant response in Larimichthys crocea, also is the first to find lobe-dependent effects in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Ling Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Wei Hu
- School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 424020, China
| | - Jian-She Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Jia-Lang Zheng
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China.
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16
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Shao X, Yan C, Sun D, Fu C, Tian C, Duan L, Zhu G. Association Between Glutathione Peroxidase-1 (GPx-1) Polymorphisms and Schizophrenia in the Chinese Han Population. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020; 16:2297-2305. [PMID: 33116528 PMCID: PMC7547781 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s272278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The dopamine and oxidative stress hypotheses are leading theories of the pathoetiology of schizophrenia (SCZ). Glutathione Peroxidase 1 (GPx-1), a major antioxidant enzyme, and the most abundantly expressed member of the GPx family, plays an important role in metabolic dopamine changes, which are closely related to neurological and psychiatric disorders. The impact of GPx-1 polymorphisms has rarely been explored in the field of SCZ. Here, we explored the possible relationship between GPx-1 gene polymorphisms and SCZ in Chinese Han subjects by using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. METHODS DNA from 786 patients (360 patients with schizophrenia and 426 healthy controls) was genotyped for the single-nucleotide polymorphisms rs1800668 C/T and rs1050450 C/T in GPx-1 using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Analysis of the association between GPx-1 and SCZ was performed using SPSS 22.0, while Haploview 4.2 software and SHEsis software were used to perform linkage disequilibrium analysis and haplotype analysis. RESULTS The results indicated that the GPx-1 polymorphisms rs1050450 and rs1800668 were associated with SCZ. We found that the C-allele of rs1800668 C/T may be a protection factor against SCZ in general, but in particular, for males. Furthermore, the CT and TC (GPx-1 rs1800668 C/T and rs1050450 C/T) haplotypes may be susceptible to SCZ in the population. Finally, no significant differences in allelic or genotypic frequencies of rs1050450 were detected between cases and controls from whole or stratification analyses by gender. CONCLUSION GPx-1 polymorphisms are related to SCZ in Chinese Han subjects. Our results suggested that GPx-1 may be a potential gene that influences SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Shao
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ci Yan
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongxue Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunfeng Fu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunsheng Tian
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Duan
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China.,Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China
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17
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Tolomeo AM, Carraro A, Bakiu R, Toppo S, Garofalo F, Pellegrino D, Gerdol M, Ferro D, Place SP, Santovito G. Molecular characterization of novel mitochondrial peroxiredoxins from the Antarctic emerald rockcod and their gene expression in response to environmental warming. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 225:108580. [PMID: 31374295 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.108580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present study we describe the molecular characterization of the two paralogous mitochondrial peroxiredoxins from Trematomus bernacchii, a teleost that plays a pivotal role in the Antarctic food chain. The two putative amino acid sequences were compared with orthologs from other fish, highlighting a high percentage of identity and similarity with the respective variant, in particular for the residues that are essential for the characteristic peroxidase activity of these enzymes. The temporal expression of Prdx3 and Prdx5 mRNAs in response to short-term thermal stress showed a general upregulation of prdx3, suggesting that this isoform is the most affected by temperature increase. These data, together with the peculiar differences between the molecular structures of the two mitochondrial Prdxs in T. bernacchii as well as in the tropical species Stegastes partitus, suggest an adaptation that allowed these poikilothermic aquatic vertebrates to colonize very different environments, characterized by different temperature ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Tolomeo
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - A Carraro
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - R Bakiu
- Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Agricultural University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | - S Toppo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Italy
| | - F Garofalo
- Departmentof of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (B.E.S.T.), University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - D Pellegrino
- Departmentof of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (B.E.S.T.), University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - M Gerdol
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - D Ferro
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - S P Place
- Department of Biology, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA, USA
| | - G Santovito
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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18
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Guillen AC, Borges ME, Herrerias T, Kandalski PK, de Arruda Marins E, Viana D, de Souza MRDP, Oliveira do Carmo Daloski L, Donatti L. Effect of gradual temperature increase on the carbohydrate energy metabolism responses of the Antarctic fish Notothenia rossii. Mar Environ Res 2019; 150:104779. [PMID: 31450038 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.104779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The warming of the Southern Ocean waters may affect the biological processes and the performance of the fish inhabiting it. The notothenioid group is metabolically specialized to low-temperature environments and may be vulnerable to the climatic changes imposed on the Antarctic continent. However, gradual temperature changes potentially allow an opportunity for plasticity adjustments. The present study evaluated the effect of gradual increase of temperature on the enzymatic and nonenzymatic parameters of energy metabolism in renal, branchial, hepatic, and encephalic tissue of Notothenia rossii subjected to a gradual temperature change of 0.5 °C/day until reaching 2 °C, 4 °C, 6 °C, and 8 °C. Under the effect of an acclimation rate of 0.5 °C/day, the gill tissue showed increased phosphofructokinase (PFK) enzyme activity. In the kidney, there was increased activity of the malate dehydrogenase (MDH), glucose-6-phosphatase (G6PDH), and glycogen phosphorylase (GP) enzymes. There was an increase in lactate concentration in the liver and an increase in GP enzyme activity in the brain. The specific tissue responses indicate the presence of thermal plasticity and an attempt to regulate energy metabolism to mitigate thermal stress in this species under these experimental conditions, possibly through the activation of glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and glycogenolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcelo Eduardo Borges
- Graduate program in Ecology and Conservation, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Douglas Viana
- Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Lucélia Donatti
- Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil.
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19
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Do TD, Thi Mai N, Duy Khoa TN, Abol-Munafi AB, Liew HJ, Kim CB, Wong LL. Molecular Characterization and Gene Expression of Glutathione Peroxidase 1 in Tor tambroides Exposed to Temperature Stress. Evol Bioinform Online 2019; 15:1176934319853580. [PMID: 31236006 PMCID: PMC6572904 DOI: 10.1177/1176934319853580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Temperature is an abiotic factor that affects various biological and physiological processes in fish. Temperature stress is known to increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that subsequently cause oxidative stress. Fish is known to evolve a system of antioxidant enzymes to reduce ROS toxicology. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) family consists of key enzymes that protect fish from oxidative stress. In this study, full-length GPx1 cDNA (GenBank accession no. KY984468) of Tor tambroides was cloned and characterized by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The 899-base-pair (bp) GPx1 cDNA includes a 576-bp open reading frame encoding for 191 amino acids, plus 28 bp of 5'-untranslated region (UTR) and 295 bp of 3'-UTR. Homology analysis revealed that GPx1 of T tambroides (Tor-GPx1) shared high similarity with GPx1 sequences of other fish species. The phylogenetic construction based on the amino acid sequence showed that Tor-GPx1 formed a clade with GPx1 sequences of various fish species. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to assess the levels of GPx1 gene expression in the liver and muscle of T tambroides under thermal stress. The results indicated that GPx1 gene expression was down-regulated under decreased temperature. However, there was no significant difference between GPx1 gene expression in fish exposed to high temperature and control. Our study provides the first data regarding GPx gene expression in T tambroides under thermal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thinh Dinh Do
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Marine Environment and Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Haiphong, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Mai
- Institute of Tropical Aquaculture, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Tran Nguyen Duy Khoa
- Institute of Tropical Aquaculture, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia.,College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Can Tho University Campus II, Cantho, Vietnam
| | | | - Hon Jung Liew
- Institute of Tropical Aquaculture, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Chang-Bae Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Li Lian Wong
- Institute of Tropical Aquaculture, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia.,Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
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20
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Garofalo F, Santovito G, Amelio D. Morpho-functional effects of heat stress on the gills of Antarctic T. bernacchii and C. hamatus. Mar Pollut Bull 2019; 141:194-204. [PMID: 30955726 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The effect of increasing ocean water temperature on morpho-functional traits of Antarctic marine species is under intense attention. In this work, we evaluated the effects of acute heat stress on the gills of the Antarctic haemoglobinless Chionodraco hamatus and the red blooded Trematomus bernacchii in terms of morphology, heat shock response, antioxidant defense and NOS/NO system. We showed in both species that the exposure to high temperature (4 °C) induced structural alterations, such as epithelial lifting and oedema of secondary lamellae. By immunolocalization we also observed that HSP-90, HSP-70, Xantine Oxidase, Heme Oxigenase and NOS are expressed in both species under control conditions. After heat stress the signals increase in C. hamatus being absent/or reduced in T. bernacchii. Our preliminary results suggest a specie-specific morpho-functional response of the gills of the two Antarctic teleosts to heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Garofalo
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (B.E.S.T.), University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Amelio
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (B.E.S.T.), University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy.
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Morales-lange B, González-aravena M, Font A, Guzmán F, Mercado L. Detection of peroxiredoxin-like protein in Antarctic sea urchin (Sterechinus neumayeri) under heat stress and induced with pathogen-associated molecular pattern from Vibrio anguillarum. Polar Biol 2018; 41:2065-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-018-2346-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Abstract
Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) is a Ca2+-independent intracellular phospholipase A2 (called aiPLA2) that is localized to cytosol, lysosomes, and lysosomal-related organelles. Activity is minimal at cytosolic pH but is increased significantly with enzyme phosphorylation, at acidic pH, and in the presence of oxidized phospholipid substrate; maximal activity with phosphorylated aiPLA2 is ∼2 µmol/min/mg protein. Prdx6 is a "moonlighting" protein that also expresses glutathione peroxidase and lysophosphatidylcholine acyl transferase activities. The catalytic site for aiPLA2 activity is an S32-H26-D140 triad; S32-H26 is also the phospholipid binding site. Activity is inhibited by a serine "protease" inhibitor (diethyl p-nitrophenyl phosphate), an analog of the PLA2 transition state [1-hexadecyl-3-(trifluoroethyl)-sn-glycero-2-phosphomethanol (MJ33)], and by two naturally occurring proteins (surfactant protein A and p67phox), but not by bromoenol lactone. aiPLA2 activity has important physiological roles in the turnover (synthesis and degradation) of lung surfactant phospholipids, in the repair of peroxidized cell membranes, and in the activation of NADPH oxidase type 2 (NOX2). The enzyme has been implicated in acute lung injury, carcinogenesis, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, male infertility, and sundry other conditions, although its specific roles have not been well defined. Protein mutations and animal models are now available to further investigate the roles of Prdx6-aiPLA2 activity in normal and pathological physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aron B Fisher
- Institute for Environmental Medicine of the Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19103
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Zhang E, Dong S, Wang F, Tian X, Gao Q. Effects of l-tryptophan on the growth, intestinal enzyme activities and non-specific immune response of sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus Selenka) exposed to crowding stress. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2018; 75:158-163. [PMID: 29331348 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In order to reveal the effects of l-tryptophan (Trp) on the physiology and immune response of sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus Selenka) exposed to crowding stress, four density groups of sea cucumbers (i.e. 4, 8, 16 and 32 individuals per 40 L water, represented as L, ML, MH and H) were fed with diets containing 0, 1, 3 and 5% l-tryptophan respectively for 75 days. The results showed that the specific growth rates (SGR) of the sea cucumber fed with diet with 3% Trp (L, 2.1; ML, 1.76; MH, 1.2; H, 0.7) were significantly higher than those fed with basal diet without Trp supplementation (P < .05). Peak amylase activity occurred at H stress density at 3% dietary Trp. Trypsin activity was higher in diet 3% in ML and MH densities than the controls, which increased by 66.4% and 53.8%. However, the lipase activity first increased and then decreased from the stocking density L to H, with highest values of 3% Trp group showed the highest value than other groups. Compared to those fed with the basal diet, sea cucumber fed diets with Trp (3%) had significantly higher phagocytic activities (0.28 OD540/106 cells, H) in coelomic fluid and respiratory burst activities (0.105 OD630/106 cells, MH) (P < .05). The results suggested that Trp cannot improve superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity at L, ML and MH densities. The alkaline phosphatase activity (AKP) significantly decreased at H stress density. Under the experimental conditions, the present results confirmed that a diet supplemented with 3% Trp was able to enhance intestinal enzyme activities, non-specific immune response and higher growth performance of A. japonicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endong Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Fisheries college, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Department of Environmental Science, Plant Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuanglin Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Fisheries college, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Fang Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Fisheries college, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xiangli Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Fisheries college, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Qinfeng Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Fisheries college, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
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Yang YZ, Zhao Y, Yang L, Yu LP, Wang H, Ji XS. Characterization of 2-Cys peroxiredoxin 3 and 4 in common carp and the immune response against bacterial infection. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 217:60-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Ferro D, Franchi N, Bakiu R, Ballarin L, Santovito G. Molecular characterization and metal induced gene expression of the novel glutathione peroxidase 7 from the chordate invertebrate Ciona robusta. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 205:1-7. [PMID: 29253620 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we describe the identified and characterized the gene and the transcript of a novel glutathione peroxidase-7 (GPx7) from the solitary ascidian Ciona robusta, an invertebrate chordate widely distributed in temperate shallow seawater. The putative nucleotide and amino acid sequences were compared with those of GPx7 from other metazoans and phylogenetic analysis suggests the presence of a high evolutionary pressure in the contest of neutral evolution. The mRNA of CrGPx7 is located in hemocytes and ovarian follicular cells, as revealed by in situ hybridization. The time course of CrGPx7 mRNA levels in the presence of Cd, Cu and Zn, showed upregulation in the final stages of the experiments, suggesting a role of GPx7 in late protection from oxidative stress. Our in silico analyses of the crgpx7 promoter region revealed putative consensus sequences similar to mammalian metal-responsive elements (MRE) and xenobiotic-responsive elements (XRE), suggesting that the transcription of these genes directly depends on metals. Cell-free extract from C. robusta tissues show the presence of selenium-independent GPx activity that is inhibited by the presence of metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ferro
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - N Franchi
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - R Bakiu
- Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Agricultural University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | - L Ballarin
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - G Santovito
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Arrighetti F, Ambrosio E, Astiz M, Capítulo AR, Lavarías S. Differential response between histological and biochemical biomarkers in the apple snail Pomacea canaliculata (Gasteropoda: Amullariidae) exposed to cypermethrin. Aquat Toxicol 2018; 194:140-151. [PMID: 29179149 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To develop effective programs to monitor water quality is necessary to identify sensitive biomarkers in indicator species. The aim of this study was to evaluate different biomarkers in the apple snail Pomacea canaliculata exposed to the insecticide Cypermethrin (CYP). Adult male and female snails were exposed to sublethal CYP concentrations (10, 25 and 100μgl-1) for 1, 4, 7 and 14days. The recovery of the exposed snails was also studied by a post-exposure assay. The activities of the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), the levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and protein oxidation (PC) in digestive gland and gills were studied as biomarkers of exposure. Histopathological changes in target tissues were also evaluated. In digestive gland, CYP caused a significant increase in SOD, CAT and GST activities compared to control (p<0.05) as well as in LPO and PC levels (p<0.05). However, such biochemical effects were neither concentration nor time dependent. Histopatological changes were observed in the exposed groups, such as an increase in the number of basophilic cells, hemocytic infiltration and epithelia atrophy. Additionally, a positive correlation between the surface occupied by pigmented corpuscles and CYP concentrations was observed at all exposure periods. Gills showed greater sensitivity to oxidative damage than digestive gland. CYP caused an acute toxic effect in LPO levels in this respiratory organ. The gill filament of exposed snails, exhibited a reduction or loss of cilia, vacuolization of the columnar cells and an increase in haemocyte content irrespective of the concentration. High concentrations of CYP caused disruptions in the columnar muscle fibers. In general, snails did not show an improvement in their basal state during post-exposure treatment. Apparently, males and females do not have differential sensitivity to the pesticide. The results of this study suggest that histopathological changes are the most sensitive time- and dose-dependent biomarkers of toxicity induced by CYP in P. canaliculata.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Arrighetti
- Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia" CONICET, CABA, Argentina
| | - E Ambrosio
- Instituto de Limnología de La Plata "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet" (ILPLA) CCT CONICET La Plata-Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - M Astiz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP) CCT CONICET La Plata-Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - A Rodrigues Capítulo
- Instituto de Limnología de La Plata "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet" (ILPLA) CCT CONICET La Plata-Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - S Lavarías
- Instituto de Limnología de La Plata "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet" (ILPLA) CCT CONICET La Plata-Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina.
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Ferro K, Ferro D, Corrà F, Bakiu R, Santovito G, Kurtz J. Cu,Zn Superoxide Dismutase Genes in Tribolium castaneum: Evolution, Molecular Characterisation, and Gene Expression during Immune Priming. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1811. [PMID: 29375546 PMCID: PMC5763126 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a normal consequence of the aerobic cell metabolism. Despite their high and potentially detrimental reactivity with various biomolecules, the endogenous production of ROS is a vital part of physiological, immunological, and molecular processes that contribute to fitness. The role of ROS in host-parasite interactions is frequently defined by their contribution to innate immunity as effectors, promoting parasite death during infections. In vertebrates, ROS and antioxidant system enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) are also involved in acquired immune memory, where they are responsible for T-cell signalling, activation, proliferation, and viability. Based on recent findings, ROS are now also assumed to play a role in immune priming, i.e., a form of memory in invertebrates. In this study, the potential involvement of Cu,Zn SODs in immunity of the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum is described for the first time, applying an approach that combines an in silico gene characterisation with an in vivo immune priming experiment using the Gram-positive entomopathogen Bacillus thuringiensis. We identified an unusually high number of three different transcripts for extracellular SOD and found that priming leads to a fine-tuned modulation of SOD expression, highlighting the potential of physiological co-adaptations for immune phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Ferro
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Diana Ferro
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Rigers Bakiu
- Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Agricultural University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | | | - Joachim Kurtz
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Tu DD, Zhou YL, Gu WB, Zhu QH, Xu BP, Zhou ZK, Liu ZP, Wang C, Chen YY, Shu MA. Identification and characterization of six peroxiredoxin transcripts from mud crab Scylla paramamosain: The first evidence of peroxiredoxin gene family in crustacean and their expression profiles under biotic and abiotic stresses. Mol Immunol 2018; 93:223-35. [PMID: 29220745 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The peroxiredoxins (Prxs) define a novel and evolutionarily conserved superfamily of peroxidases able to protect cells from oxidative damage by catalyzing the reduction of a wide range of cellular peroxides. Prxs have been identified in prokaryotes as well as in eukaryotes, however, the composition and number of Prxs family members vary in different species. In this study, six Prxs were firstly identified from the mud crab Scylla paramamosain by RT-PCR and RACE methods. Six SpPrxs can be subdivided into three classes: (a) three typical 2-Cys enzymes denominated as Prx1/2, 3, 4, (b) two atypical 2-Cys enzymes known as Prx5-1 and Prx5-2, and (c) a 1-Cys isoform named Prx6. The evolutionarily conserved signatures of peroxiredoxin catalytic center were identified in all six SpPrxs. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that SpPrx3, SpPrx4, SpPrx5s and SpPrx6 were clearly classified into Prx3-6 subclasses, respectively. Although SpPrx1/2 could not be grouped into any known Prx subclasses, SpPrx1/2 clustered together with other arthropods Prx1 or unclassified Prx and could be classified into the typical 2-Cys class. The comparative and evolutionary analysis of the Prx gene family in invertebrates and vertebrates were also conducted for the first time. Tissue-specific expression analysis revealed that these six SpPrxs were expressed in different transcription patterns while the highest expression levels were almost all in the hepatopancreas. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis exhibited that the gene expression profiles of six SpPrxs were distinct when crabs suffered biotic and abiotic stresses including the exposures of Vibrio alginolyticus, poly (I:C), cadmium and hypoosmotic salinity, suggesting that the SpPrxs might play different roles in response to various stresses. The recombinant proteins including the SpPrx1/2, SpPrx4, SpPrx5-1 and SpPrx6 were purified and the peroxidase activity assays indicated that all these proteins can reduce H2O2 in a typical DTT-dependent manner. To our knowledge, this is the first study about the comprehensive characterization of Prx gene family in Scylla paramamosain and even in crustaceans. These results would broaden the current knowledge of the whole Prx family as well as be helpful to understand and clarify the evolutionary pattern of Prx family in invertebrate and vertebrate taxa.
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Giannetto A, Maisano M, Cappello T, Oliva S, Parrino V, Natalotto A, De Marco G, Fasulo S. Effects of Oxygen Availability on Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in the Mediterranean Mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. Mar Biotechnol (NY) 2017; 19:614-626. [PMID: 29151140 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-017-9780-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In aquatic environments, hypoxia and oxygen-deficient areas are increasing worldwide. Transitions in oxygen levels can influence the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), eventually leading to oxidative stress. The transcriptional response of oxidative stress biomarkers was evaluated by qPCR in gill tissue from Mytilus galloprovincialis experimentally subjected to 48-h air exposure followed by 48-h re-oxygenation, as compared to normoxic control mussels. Superoxide dismutases (CuZnsod and Mnsod), catalase (cat), and glutathione S-transferase (gst) were over-expressed early after 8-h air exposure and returned to normoxic levels during re-oxygenation. Moreover, the mRNAs and protein expression patterns of heat shock proteins (HSP70 and HSP90) and metallothioneins (MT-10 and MT-20) were modulated by oxygen availability with increased levels during re-oxygenation suggesting the participation of these cytoprotective mechanisms in the physiological oxidative stress response when oxygen concentration was restored. Overall, the observed modulation of the oxidative stress-related and general stress genes indicates that M. galloprovincialis responds to changes in oxygen availability enhancing the antioxidant potential under low oxygen conditions for dealing with the oxidative burst during future re-oxygenation. The present investigation brings further insights in understanding how intertidal molluscs cope with short-term oxygen variations and gives useful biomarkers for environmental monitoring of hypoxic areas that are predicted to occur in the next future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Giannetto
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres n. 31, 98166, Messina, Italy.
| | - Maria Maisano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres n. 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cappello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres n. 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Sabrina Oliva
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres n. 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Parrino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres n. 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonino Natalotto
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres n. 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Marco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres n. 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Fasulo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres n. 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
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García-Medina S, Galar-Martínez M, Gómez-Oliván LM, Ruiz-Lara K, Islas-Flores H, Gasca-Pérez E. Relationship between genotoxicity and oxidative stress induced by mercury on common carp (Cyprinus carpio) tissues. Aquat Toxicol 2017; 192:207-215. [PMID: 28982072 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Mercury is one of the most toxic metals in aquatic systems since it is able to induce neurobehavioral disorders as well as renal and gastrointestinal tract damage. The common carp Cyprinus carpio is an important species from both an ecological and economic viewpoint as it is consumed in many countries, the top producers being Mexico, China, India and Japan. The present study aimed to evaluate the relation between Hg-induced oxidative stress and genotoxicity in diverse tissues of C. carpio. Specimens were exposed to 0.01mgHg/L (the maximum permissible limit for aquatic life protection), and lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl content and the activity of antioxidant enzymes were evaluated at 96h. Micronuclei frequency and DNA damage by comet assay were determined at 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96h. Hg induced oxidative stress and genotoxicity on exposed fish, since inhibition of antioxidant enzymes activity and increases in lipid peroxidation, DNA damage and micronuclei frequency occurred. Blood, gill and liver were more susceptible to oxidative stress, while blood were more sensitive to genotoxicity. In conclusion, Hg at concentrations equal to the maximum permissible limit for aquatic life protection induced oxidative stress and genotoxicity on C. carpio, and these two effects prove to be correlated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra García-Medina
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Acuática, Sección de Graduados e Investigación, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de Ayala y Carpio s/n, 11340 México D.F., México.
| | - Marcela Galar-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Acuática, Sección de Graduados e Investigación, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de Ayala y Carpio s/n, 11340 México D.F., México.
| | - Leobardo Manuel Gómez-Oliván
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n, Col. Residencial Colón, 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, México
| | - Karina Ruiz-Lara
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Acuática, Sección de Graduados e Investigación, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de Ayala y Carpio s/n, 11340 México D.F., México
| | - Hariz Islas-Flores
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n, Col. Residencial Colón, 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, México
| | - Eloy Gasca-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Acuática, Sección de Graduados e Investigación, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de Ayala y Carpio s/n, 11340 México D.F., México
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Fisher AB. Peroxiredoxin 6 in the repair of peroxidized cell membranes and cell signaling. Arch Biochem Biophys 2017; 617:68-83. [PMID: 27932289 PMCID: PMC5810417 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin 6 represents a widely distributed group of peroxiredoxins that contain a single conserved cysteine in the protein monomer (1-cys Prdx). The cys when oxidized to the sulfenic form is reduced with glutathione (GSH) catalyzed by the π isoform of GSH-S-transferase. Three enzymatic activities of the protein have been described:1) peroxidase with H2O2, short chain hydroperoxides, and phospholipid hydroperoxides as substrates; 2) phospholipase A2 (PLA2); and 3) lysophosphatidylcholine acyl transferase (LPCAT). These activities have important physiological roles in antioxidant defense, turnover of cellular phospholipids, and the generation of superoxide anion via initiation of the signaling cascade for activation of NADPH oxidase (type 2). The ability of Prdx6 to reduce peroxidized cell membrane phospholipids (peroxidase activity) and also to replace the oxidized sn-2 fatty acyl group through hydrolysis/reacylation (PLA2 and LPCAT activities) provides a complete system for the repair of peroxidized cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aron B Fisher
- Institute for Environmental Medicine of the Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, 3620 Hamilton Walk, 1 John Morgan Building, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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Chang CH, Lo WY, Lee TH. The Antioxidant Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) Exhibits Different Profiles in the Livers of Seawater- and Fresh Water-Acclimated Milkfish, Chanos chanos, upon Hypothermal Challenge. Front Physiol 2016; 7:580. [PMID: 27965586 PMCID: PMC5126087 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A tropical species, the euryhaline milkfish (Chanos chanos), is a crucial economic species in Southeast Asia and is intolerant of water temperature below 12°C. Large numbers of milkfish die during cold periods in winter. Hypothermal environments usually increase oxidative stress in teleosts, and the liver is the major organ for anti-oxidative responses in the body. Peroxiredoxin-6 (Prdx6) in mammals is a multi-functional enzyme and acts as both glutathione peroxidase, phospholipase A2 and acyl-transferase for maintenance of redox status and prevention of cell membrane peroxidation. Prdx6 can protect cells from oxidant-induced membrane damage by translocating the Prdx6 protein from the cytosol to the membrane. Upon cold stress, Ccprdx6 transcript levels were up-regulated after 24 h and 96 h in livers of fresh water (FW)- and seawater (SW)-acclimated milkfish, respectively. In the hypothermal FW group, the Prdx6 protein was up-regulated in the cytosol of hepatocytes with a similar role as glutathione peroxidase to reduce oxidative stress upon hypothermal challenge. Conversely, in hypothermal SW milkfish, total Prdx6 protein was down-regulated. However, cytosolic Prdx6 protein was translocated to the membrane, using the ability of phospholipase A2 to stabilize the membrane redox state. Moreover, H2O2 content was increased in FW-acclimated milkfish livers upon hypothermal challenge. Ex vivo H2O2 treatment of milkfish livers also induced Ccprdx6 transcriptional expression, which provided more evidence of the antioxidant role of milkfish Prdx6. Taken together, upon hypothermal challenge, greater oxidative stress in livers of FW-acclimated milkfish rather than SW-acclimated individuals led to different profiles of hepatic CcPrdx6 expression between the FW and SW group. The results indicated that CcPrdx6 played the role of antioxidant with different mechanisms, i.e., binding to reactive oxygen species and stabilizing membrane fluidity, in livers of hypothermal FW and SW milkfish, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hao Chang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Yu Lo
- Department of Biotechnology, Hung Kuang University Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Han Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing UniversityTaichung, Taiwan; Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing UniversityTaichung, Taiwan
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Zhou S, Sorokina EM, Harper S, Li H, Ralat L, Dodia C, Speicher DW, Feinstein SI, Fisher AB. Peroxiredoxin 6 homodimerization and heterodimerization with glutathione S-transferase pi are required for its peroxidase but not phospholipase A2 activity. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 94:145-56. [PMID: 26891882 PMCID: PMC4844822 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) is a unique 1-Cys member of the peroxiredoxin family with both GSH peroxidase and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activities. It is highly expressed in the lung where it plays an important role in antioxidant defense and lung surfactant metabolism. Glutathionylation of Prdx6 mediated by its heterodimerization with GSH S-transferase π (πGST) is required for its peroxidatic catalytic cycle. Recombinant human Prdx6 crystallizes as a homodimer and sedimentation equilibrium analysis confirmed that this protein exists as a high affinity dimer in solution. Based on measurement of molecular mass, dimeric Prdx6 that was oxidized to the sulfenic acid formed a sulfenylamide during storage. After examination of the dimer interface in the crystal structure, we postulated that the hydrophobic amino acids L145 and L148 play an important role in homodimerization of Prdx6 as well as in its heterodimerization with πGST. Oxidation of Prdx6 also was required for its heterodimerization. Sedimentation equilibrium analysis and the Duolink proximity ligation assay following mutation of the L145 and L148 residues of Prdx6 to Glu indicated greatly decreased dimerization propensity reflecting the loss of hydrophobic interactions between the protein monomers. Peroxidase activity was markedly reduced by mutation at either of the Leu sites and was essentially abolished by the double mutation, while PLA2 activity was unaffected. Decreased peroxidase activity following mutation of the interfacial leucines presumably is mediated via impaired heterodimerization of Prdx6 with πGST that is required for reduction and re-activation of the oxidized enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suiping Zhou
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Elena M Sorokina
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sandra Harper
- Center for Systems and Computational Biology, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Haitao Li
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Luis Ralat
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Chandra Dodia
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David W Speicher
- Center for Systems and Computational Biology, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sheldon I Feinstein
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Aron B Fisher
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Sorokina EM, Dodia C, Zhou S, Tao JQ, Gao L, Raabe T, Feinstein SI, Fisher AB. Mutation of Serine 32 to Threonine in Peroxiredoxin 6 Preserves Its Structure and Enzymatic Function but Abolishes Its Trafficking to Lamellar Bodies. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:9268-80. [PMID: 26921317 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.698894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6), a bifunctional protein with phospholipase A2 (aiPLA2) and GSH peroxidase activities, protects lungs from oxidative stress and participates in lung surfactant phospholipid turnover. Prdx6 has been localized to both cytosol and lamellar bodies (LB) in lung epithelium, and its organellar targeting sequence has been identified. We propose that Prdx6 LB targeting facilitates its role in the metabolism of lung surfactant phosphatidylcholine (PC). Ser-32 has been identified as the active site in Prdx6 for aiPLA2 activity, and this activity was abolished by the mutation of serine 32 to alanine (S32A). However, aiPLA2 activity was unaffected by mutation of serine 32 in Prdx6 to threonine (S32T). Prdx6 protein expression and aiPLA2 activity were normal in the whole lung of a "knock-in" mouse model carrying an S32T mutation in the Prdx6 gene but were absent from isolated LB. Analyses by proximity ligation assay in lung sections demonstrated the inability of S32T Prdx6 to bind to the chaperone protein, 14-3-3ϵ, that is required for LB targeting. The content of total phospholipid, PC, and disaturated PC in lung tissue homogenate, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and lung LB was increased significantly in Prdx6-S32T mutant lungs, whereas degradation of internalized [(3)H]dipalmitoyl-PC was significantly decreased. Thus, Thr can substitute for Ser for the enzymatic activities of Prdx6 but not for its targeting to LB. These results confirm an important role for LB Prdx6 in the degradation and remodeling of lung surfactant phosphatidylcholine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena M Sorokina
- From the Institute for Environmental Medicine, Department of Physiology, and
| | - Chandra Dodia
- From the Institute for Environmental Medicine, Department of Physiology, and
| | - Suiping Zhou
- From the Institute for Environmental Medicine, Department of Physiology, and
| | - Jian-Qin Tao
- From the Institute for Environmental Medicine, Department of Physiology, and
| | - Ling Gao
- From the Institute for Environmental Medicine, Department of Physiology, and
| | - Tobias Raabe
- Penn Gene Targeting Core and Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Sheldon I Feinstein
- From the Institute for Environmental Medicine, Department of Physiology, and
| | - Aron B Fisher
- From the Institute for Environmental Medicine, Department of Physiology, and
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