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Lu Q, Lee JH, Lee JH, Choi HJ. Magnetite/Poly(ortho-anisidine) Composite Particles and Their Electrorheological Response. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:2900. [PMID: 34071366 PMCID: PMC8198630 DOI: 10.3390/ma14112900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic and semiconducting Fe3O4/poly(o-anisidine) (POA) core/shell composite particles were fabricated by an oxidation process using Fe3O4 synthesized separately. The dispersion stability in a liquid medium and the electrical conductivity of synthesized particles were improved because of the conductive POA polymeric shell. The morphological, microstructural, compositional/elemental, and thermal behaviors of the particles were characterized using SEM with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, TEM, XRD, and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. A smart electro-magneto-rheological suspension containing Fe3O4/POA particles with two functionalities, magnetism and conductivity, was prepared. Its electrorheological properties were investigated at different electric field strengths using a rotational rheometer. Without an electric field, the sample demonstrated typical Newtonian fluid behavior, as expected. However, while under the electric field, it exhibited a solid-like behavior, and the dynamic (or elastic) yield stress of the ER fluid increased linearly as a function of the electric field strength in a power-law function with an index of 2.0, following the polarization mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Lu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (Q.L.); (J.-H.L.)
- Program of Environmental and Polymer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Jin-Hee Lee
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (Q.L.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Jin Hyun Lee
- Polymer Research Center, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Hyoung Jin Choi
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (Q.L.); (J.-H.L.)
- Program of Environmental and Polymer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
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2
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Lu Q, Choi K, Nam JD, Choi HJ. Magnetic Polymer Composite Particles: Design and Magnetorheology. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:512. [PMID: 33567794 PMCID: PMC7915058 DOI: 10.3390/polym13040512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As a family of smart functional hybrid materials, magnetic polymer composite particles have attracted considerable attention owing to their outstanding magnetism, dispersion stability, and fine biocompatibility. This review covers their magnetorheological properties, namely, flow curve, yield stress, and viscoelastic behavior, along with their synthesis. Preparation methods and characteristics of different types of magnetic composite particles are presented. Apart from the research progress in magnetic polymer composite synthesis, we also discuss prospects of this promising research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Lu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea;
- Program of Environmental and Polymer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Kisuk Choi
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (K.C.); (J.-D.N.)
| | - Jae-Do Nam
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (K.C.); (J.-D.N.)
| | - Hyoung Jin Choi
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea;
- Program of Environmental and Polymer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
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Zhao Z, Zhang G, Yin Y, Dong C, Liu YD. The Electric Field Responses of Inorganic Ionogels and Poly(ionic liquid)s. Molecules 2020; 25:E4547. [PMID: 33020439 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are a class of pure ions with melting points lower than 100 °C. They are getting more and more attention because of their high thermal stability, high ionic conductivity and dielectric properties. The unique dielectric properties aroused by the ion motion of ILs makes ILs-contained inorganics or organics responsive to electric field and have great application potential in smart electrorheological (ER) fluids which can be used as the electro-mechanical interface in engineering devices. In this review, we summarized the recent work of various kinds of ILs-contained inorganic ionogels and poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) as ER materials including their synthesis methods, ER responses and dielectric analysis. The aim of this work is to highlight the advantage of ILs in the synthesis of dielectric materials and their effects in improving ER responses of the materials in a wide temperature range. It is expected to provide valuable suggestions for the development of ILs-contained inorganics and PILs as electric field responsive materials.
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Han WJ, Lee JH, Choi HJ. Poly(diphenylamine)/polyaniline core/shell composite nanospheres synthesized using a reactive surfactant and their electrorheology. POLYMER 2020; 188:122161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Fang FF, Dong Y, Choi HJ. Effect of oxidants on morphology of interfacial polymerized polyaniline nanofibers and their electrorheological response. POLYMER 2018; 158:176-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Dong YZ, Kwon SH, Choi HJ, Puthiaraj P, Ahn W. Electrorheological response of microporous covalent triazine-based polymeric particles. Colloid Polym Sci 2018; 296:907-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-018-4305-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Piao SH, Gao CY, Choi HJ. Sulfonated polystyrene nanoparticles coated with conducting polyaniline and their electro-responsive suspension characteristics under electric fields. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Choi K, Gao CY, Nam JD, Choi HJ. Cellulose-Based Smart Fluids under Applied Electric Fields. Materials (Basel) 2017; 10:E1060. [PMID: 28891966 PMCID: PMC5615715 DOI: 10.3390/ma10091060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose particles, their derivatives and composites have special environmentally benign features and are abundant in nature with their various applications. This review paper introduces the essential properties of several types of cellulose and their derivatives obtained from various source materials, and their use in electro-responsive electrorheological (ER) suspensions, which are smart fluid systems that are actively responsive under applied electric fields, while, at zero electric field, ER fluids retain a liquid-like state. Given the actively controllable characteristics of cellulose-based smart ER fluids under an applied electric field regarding their rheological and dielectric properties, they can potentially be applied for various industrial devices including dampers and haptic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kisuk Choi
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.
| | - Chun Yan Gao
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea.
| | - Jae Do Nam
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.
| | - Hyoung Jin Choi
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea.
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Min TH, Choi HJ. Synthesis of poly(methyl methacrylate)/graphene oxide nanocomposite particles via Pickering emulsion polymerization and their viscous response under an electric field. Macromol Res 2017; 25:565-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-017-5109-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Bae DH, Choi HJ, Choi K, Nam JD, Islam MS, Kao N. Fabrication of phosphate microcrystalline rice husk based cellulose particles and their electrorheological response. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 165:247-254. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Navarchian AH, Hasanzadeh Z, Joulazadeh M. Effect of Polymerization Conditions on Reaction Yield, Conductivity, and Ammonia Sensing of Polyaniline. Adv Polym Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/adv.21356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amir H. Navarchian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering; University of Isfahan; Isfahan; Iran
| | - Zahra Hasanzadeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering; University of Isfahan; Isfahan; Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Joulazadeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering; University of Isfahan; Isfahan; Iran
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Zhang WL, Choi HJ, Seo Y. Facile Fabrication of Chemically Grafted Graphene Oxide-Poly(glycidyl methacrylate) Composite Microspheres and Their Electrorheology. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201300054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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14
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Zhang WL, Liu YD, Choi HJ, Seo Y. Core–shell structured graphene oxide-adsorbed anisotropic poly(methyl methacrylate) microparticles and their electrorheology. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra22411b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Sung JH, Lee Y, Jang IB, Choi HJ, Jhon MS. Synthesis and electrorheological characteristics of microencapsulated conducting polymer. Des Monomers Polym 2012. [DOI: 10.1163/156855504322890061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Stěnička M, Pavlínek V, Sáha P, Blinova NV, Stejskal J, Quadrat O. Structure changes of electrorheological fluids based on polyaniline particles with various hydrophilicities and time dependence of shear stress and conductivity during flow. Colloid Polym Sci 2011; 289:409-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-010-2357-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Stěnička M, Pavlínek V, Sáha P, Blinova NV, Stejskal J, Quadrat O. Effect of hydrophilicity of polyaniline particles on their electrorheology: Steady flow and dynamic behaviour. J Colloid Interface Sci 2010; 346:236-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2010.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2009] [Revised: 01/21/2010] [Accepted: 02/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Stěnička M, Pavlínek V, Sáha P, Blinova NV, Stejskal J, Quadrat O. The electrorheological efficiency of polyaniline particles with various conductivities suspended in silicone oil. Colloid Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-008-1977-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Stěnička M, Pavlínek V, Sáha P, Blinova NV, Stejskal J, Quadrat O. Conductivity of flowing polyaniline suspensions in electric field. Colloid Polym Sci 2008; 286:1403-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-008-1910-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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Kim SG, Lim JY, Sung JH, Choi HJ, Seo Y. Emulsion polymerized polyaniline synthesized with dodecylbenzene-sulfonic acid and its electrorheological characteristics: Temperature effect. POLYMER 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gercek B, Yavuz M, Yilmaz H, Sari B, Unal HI. Comparison of electrorheological properties of some polyaniline derivatives. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2006.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Unal HI, Agirbas O, Yilmaz H. Electrorheological properties of poly(Li-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) suspensions. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2006; 274:77-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2005.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Yilmaz H, Degirmenci M, Unal HI. Electrorheological properties of PMMA-b-PSt copolymer suspensions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2006; 293:489-95. [PMID: 16054638 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2005.06.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2005] [Revised: 05/24/2005] [Accepted: 06/23/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a block copolymer of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and styrene (St) synthesized by combined ultrasonic irradiation and reverse atom transfer radical polymerization (RATRP) processes was used. PMMA-b-PSt was partially hydrolyzed and converted to a lithium salt, PMMA-b-PSt-Li, before the electrorheological (ER) measurements carried out. Average particle diameter of PMMA-b-PSt-Li polymeric salt was determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) as 22 mum. Suspensions of PMMA-b-PSt-Li polymeric salts were prepared in silicone oil. ER properties of PMMA-b-PSt-Li/silicone oil suspensions were studied as a function of electric field strength, dispersed phase concentration, shear rate, shear stress, temperature, frequency, and polar promoter. Further dielectric properties of PMMA-b-PSt-Li ionomer were also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasim Yilmaz
- Chemistry Department, Science Faculty, Harran University, Osmanbey, 63190 Sanliurfa, Turkey.
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Ko YG, Choi US. Electrorheological properties of chemically modified chitosan suspension with various functional pendants. J Appl Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/app.24917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Anunziata OA, Gómez Costa MB, Sánchez RD. Preparation and characterization of polyaniline-containing Na-AlMCM-41 as composite material with semiconductor behavior. J Colloid Interface Sci 2005; 292:509-16. [PMID: 16054156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2005.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2005] [Revised: 05/25/2005] [Accepted: 06/01/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Composite material formed from a mesoporous aluminosilicate, Na-AlMCM-41, with conducting polyaniline (PANI) has been synthesized by an in situ polymerization technique. Studies of aniline adsorption over mesoporous Na-AlMCM-41 synthesized in our laboratory allowed us to find the modes in which aniline interacts with the active sites of Na-AlMCM-41. In order to obtain the best reaction conditions to polymerize aniline onto Na-AlMCM-41, aniline was first polymerized to produce pure PANI. Hence, the oxidative in situ polymerization was carried out by two procedures, differing in the polymerization time and in static or stirring conditions. Studies of infrared spectroscopy and UV-vis spectroscopy indicated that higher polymerization time and static conditions allowed us to obtain mainly polyaniline in emeraldine form on the host. The N(2) isotherm of the polyaniline/Na-AlMCM-41 composite (PANI/MCM) indicated that the shape was similar to that of MCM, but the shift to saturation transition to lower partial pressure shows that the channels are occupied by PANI and they are now narrowed. The thermal properties of PANI, Na-AlMCM-41, and composite were investigated by TGA analyses and we found that the polymer shows higher thermal stability when it is forming the composite. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that PANI is not on the outer surface of the host. Conductivity studies show that PANI/Na-AlMCM-41 exhibits semiconductor behavior at room temperature and its conductivity was 7.0 x 10(-5) S/cm, smaller than that of pure polyaniline. PANI/Na-AlMCM-41 conductivity shows an increase as temperature increases. Magnetic measurements at room temperature confirmed that the composite has paramagnetic behavior; at lower temperatures the composite became diamagnetic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar A Anunziata
- Grupo de Fisicoquímica de Nuevos Materiales, CITeQ (Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Química), Facultad Regional Córdoba, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Lee IS, Cho MS, Hong CH, Choi HJ, Yoon SS, Ahn W. Preparation and electrorheological property of conducting copolyaniline/MCM-41 nanocomposite. Nanoporous Materials IV, Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Nanoporous Materials. Elsevier; 2005. pp. 517-22. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-2991(05)80250-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Abstract
A composite material of a silica-based mesoporous molecular sieve, MCM-41, with conducting polyaniline (PANI) inside the uniformly aligned one-dimensional channels (PANI/MCM-41) was prepared and its nanocomposite formation was confirmed through an electrical conductivity measurement. This nanocomposite particle was adopted for a dispersed phase in electrorheological (ER) fluids, and the ER property was measured using a Couette-type rotational rheometer equipped with a high voltage generator. Suspension of PANI/MCM-41 showed ER properties more enhanced than those of MCM-41 or PANI alone as a result of the anisotropic polarization of the PANI/MCM-41 nanocomposite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min S Cho
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 402-751, Korea
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Chotpattananont D, Sirivat A, Jamieson AM. Electrorheological properties of perchloric acid-doped polythiophene suspensions. Colloid Polym Sci 2004; 282:357-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-003-0945-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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31
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Kim JW, Jang LW, Choi HJ, Jhon MS. Physical and electroresponsive characteristics of the intercalated styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer/clay nanocomposite under applied electric fields. J Appl Polym Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/app.12295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Cho M, Choi H, Kim K, Ahn W. Nanocomposites of MCM-41 and SBA-15 with polyaniline for electrorheological fluid. Nanotechnology in Mesostructured Materials, Proceedings of the 3rd International Materials Symposium. Elsevier; 2003. pp. 523-6. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-2991(03)80436-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Sohn JI, Sung JH, Choi HJ, Jhon MS. The effect of particle concentration of poly(p-phenylene) on electrorheological response. J Appl Polym Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/app.10506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Kim SG, Kim JW, Cho MS, Choi HJ, Jhon MS. Viscoelastic characterization of semiconducting dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid doped polyaniline electrorheological suspensions. J Appl Polym Sci 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1097-4628(20010103)79:1<108::aid-app130>3.0.co;2-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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