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Riley S, Paterson C, Bates-Fraser LC, Ondrak KS, Stoner L, Hanson ED. Uninterrupted prolonged sitting and arterial stiffness: moderating effect of prior aerobic exercise in physically active adults. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024:10.1007/s00421-024-05419-0. [PMID: 38280015 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-024-05419-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prolonged sitting acutely increases arterial stiffness, with interruption strategies only providing limited success in offsetting these rises. Acute aerobic exercise is a potent stimulus to decrease arterial stiffness. However, limited information exists on the effectiveness of acute exercise to maintain arterial stiffness when performed prior to prolonged sitting, particularly within physically active individuals. METHODS Using a randomized crossover design, 22 young, active individuals (50% female) performed two conditions 30 min of walking at 55-65% of heart rate reserve (EX) and 30 min of standing (STAND) followed by 2.5-h of sitting. Brachial-femoral (bfPWV) and femoral-ankle pulse wave velocity (faPWV) were assessed at Baseline, post-exercise and pre-sitting (Pre), and post-sitting (Post) as estimates of central and peripheral arterial stiffness, respectively. RESULTS For bfPWV, no interaction, condition, or time effects were observed. For faPWV, an interaction was present (p < 0.001); compared to Baseline, there was a 6.1% decrease for EX (- 0.4 m/s, p < 0.001) and a 4.6% increase for STAND (0.3 m/s, p = 0.016) for STAND such that there was an 11.3% difference between conditions at Pre (0.7 m/s, p < 0.001). From Pre to Post, EX then increased by 11.7% (0.9 m/s p < 0.001) while STAND remained unchanged, resulting in no difference between conditions (0.1 m/s, p = 0.569). CONCLUSIONS While aerobic exercise resulted in a significant decrease in faPWV prior to sitting, the prior exercise bout did not confer a protective effect against the deleterious effects of uninterrupted sitting. Future work should investigate the combined effect of prior exercise and sitting interruption strategies on markers of arterial stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha Riley
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Craig Paterson
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lauren C Bates-Fraser
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Human Movement Science Curriculum, Department of Allied Health Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kristin S Ondrak
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lee Stoner
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Human Movement Science Curriculum, Department of Allied Health Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Erik D Hanson
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Human Movement Science Curriculum, Department of Allied Health Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Melo X, Marôco JL, Pinto R, Angarten VG, Coimbra M, Correia D, Roque M, Reis JF, Santos V, Fernhall B, Santa-Clara H. The Acute Effect of Maximal Exercise on Arterial Stiffness in Adults with and without Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2022; 47:1005-1013. [PMID: 35820183 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2022-0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We compared central and peripheral arterial stiffness response patterns between persons with and without intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) of different age groups at rest and following a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). METHODS 15 young adults with and without IDD, and 15 middle-aged adults without IDD performed a CPET. Central and peripheral arterial stiffness were measured at rest and following CPET using estimates of carotid-femoral (cfPWV), carotid-radial (crPWV), and carotid-ankle (cdPWV) pulse wave velocity derived from piezoelectric mechano-transducers. RESULTS cfPWV remained unchanged following CPET in adults with and without IDD but increased in middle-aged adults (d= 0.85; 95% CI: 0.27 to 1.42 m.s-1, p= 0.005), whereas cdPWV was similarly reduced (d= -0.77; 95% CI: -1.06 to -0.48 m.s-1, p< 0.001) in all groups. crPWV remained unchanged in all groups. These results were independent of exercise-related changes in mean arterial pressure. Overall group differences suggested that persons with IDD (d = - 1.78; 95% CI: -3.20 to -0.37 m.s-1, p= 0.009) and without IDD (d = -1.84; 95% CI: -3.26 to -0.43 m.s-1, p= 0.007) had lower cfPWV than middle-aged adults. CONCLUSION We found no evidence of early vascular aging and diminished vascular reserve following CPET in adults with IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Melo
- Universidade de Lisboa Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, 70882, CIPER - Exercise and Health Laboratory, Cruz Quebrada, Lisboa, Portugal.,Ginásio Clube Português, Research & Development Department, GCP Lab, Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - João L Marôco
- Ginásio Clube Português, Research & Development Department, GCP Lab, Lisboa, Portugal.,University of Illinois Chicago College of Applied Health Sciences, 315410, Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Chicago, Illinois, United States;
| | - Rita Pinto
- Universidade de Lisboa Faculdade de Medicina, 37811, Exercise and Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Laboratory, Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Vitor Giatte Angarten
- Universidade de Lisboa Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, 70882, Cruz Quebrada, Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Manuel Coimbra
- CERCIOEIRAS - Cooperativa de Educação e Reabilitação dos Cidadãos com Incapacidade, Oeiras, Portugal;
| | - Duarte Correia
- CERCIOEIRAS - Cooperativa de Educação e Reabilitação dos Cidadãos com Incapacidade, Oeiras, Portugal;
| | - Mafalda Roque
- CERCIOEIRAS - Cooperativa de Educação e Reabilitação dos Cidadãos com Incapacidade, Oeiras, Portugal;
| | - Joana Filipa Reis
- Universidade de Lisboa Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, 70882, Physiology and Biochemistry of Exercise, Cruz Quebrada, Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Vanessa Santos
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana - Universidade de Lisboa, Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudo da Performance Humana , Exercise and Health, Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal;
| | - Bo Fernhall
- University of Illinois Chicago College of Applied Health Sciences, 315410, Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Chicago, Illinois, United States;
| | - Helena Santa-Clara
- Universidade de Lisboa Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, 70882, CIPER - Exercise and Health Laboratory, Cruz Quebrada, Lisboa, Portugal;
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3
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Liu WL, Lin YY, Mündel T, Chou CC, Liao YH. Effects of Acute Interval Exercise on Arterial Stiffness and Cardiovascular Autonomic Regulatory Responses: A Narrative Review of Potential Impacts of Aging. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:864173. [PMID: 35620510 PMCID: PMC9127236 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.864173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological changes associated with aging deleteriously impact cardiovascular function and regulation and therefore increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. There is substantial evidence that changes in the autonomic nervous system and arterial stiffness play an important role in the development of cardiovascular disease during the aging process. Exercise is known to be effective in improving autonomic regulation and arterial vascular compliance, but differences in the type and intensity of exercise can have varying degrees of impact on vascular regulatory responses and autonomic function. There is still little evidence on whether there are differences in the response of exercise interventions to cardiovascular modulatory effects across the lifespan. In addition, acute interval exercise challenges can improve autonomic modulation, although the results of interval exercise on autonomic physiological parameters vary. Therefore, this narrative review focuses on evaluating the effects of acute interval exercise on blood pressure regulation and autonomic responses and also incorporates studies investigating different age groups to evaluate the effects of acute interval exercise on the autonomic nervous system. Herein we also summarize existing literature examining the acute cardiovascular responses to varied modes of interval exercise, as well as to further compare the benefits of interval exercise with other types of exercise on autonomic regulation and arterial stiffness. After reviewing the existing literature, it has been shown that with advancing age, changes in the autonomic nervous activity of interval exercise result in significant impacts on the cardiovascular system. We document that with advancing age, changes in the autonomic nerves lead to aging of the nervous system, thereby affecting the regulation of blood pressure. According to the limited literature, interval exercise is more effective in attenuating arterial stiffness than continuous exercise, but the difference in exercise benefits may depend on the training mode, intensity, duration of exercise, and the age of participants. Therefore, the benefits of interval exercise on autonomic and arterial stiffness improvement still warrant investigation, particularly the impact of age, in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Long Liu
- Department of Exercise and Health Science, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Yuan Lin
- Department of Exercise and Health Science, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Toby Mündel
- School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Chun-Chung Chou
- Physical Education Office, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Chun-Chung Chou
| | - Yi-Hung Liao
- Department of Exercise and Health Science, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
- Yi-Hung Liao
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4
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Mendez-Gutierrez A, Aguilera CM, Osuna-Prieto FJ, Martinez-Tellez B, Prados MCR, Acosta FM, Llamas-Elvira JM, Ruiz JR, Sanchez-Delgado G. Exercise-induced changes on exerkines that might influence brown adipose tissue metabolism in young sedentary adults. Eur J Sport Sci 2022; 23:625-636. [PMID: 35152857 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2022.2040597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In rodents, exercise alters the plasma concentration of exerkines that regulate white adipose tissue (WAT) browning or brown adipose tissue (BAT) metabolism. This study aims to analyse the acute and chronic effect of exercise on the circulating concentrations of 16 of these exerkines in humans. Ten young sedentary adults (6 female) performed a maximum walking effort test and a resistance exercise session. The plasma concentration of 16 exerkines was assessed before, and 3, 30, 60, and 120 minutes after exercise. Those exerkines modified by exercise were additionally measured in another 28 subjects (22 women). We also measured the plasma concentrations of the exerkines before and after a 24-week exercise program (endurance + resistance; 3-groups: control, moderate-intensity and vigorous-intensity) in 110 subjects (75 women). Endurance exercise acutely increased the plasma concentration of lactate, norepinephrine, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, interleukin 6, and follistatin-like protein 1 (3 minutes after exercise), and musclin and fibroblast growth factor 21 (30 and 60 minutes after exercise), decreasing the plasma concentration of leptin (30 minutes after exercise). Adiponectin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), β-aminoisobutyric acid, meteorin-like, follistatin, pro-ANP, irisin and myostatin were not modified or not detectable. The resistance exercise session increased the plasma concentration of lactate 3 minutes after exercise. Chronic exercise did not alter the plasma concentration of these exerkines. In sedentary young adults, acute endurance exercise releases to the bloodstream exerkines that regulate BAT metabolism and WAT browning. In contrast, neither a low-volume resistance exercise session nor a 24-week training program modified plasma levels of these molecules.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02365129..
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mendez-Gutierrez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, "José Mataix Verdú" Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, 18016, Spain.,Biohealth Research Institute in Granada (ibs. GRANADA), Granada, 18012, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Concepción M Aguilera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, "José Mataix Verdú" Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, 18016, Spain.,Biohealth Research Institute in Granada (ibs. GRANADA), Granada, 18012, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Francisco J Osuna-Prieto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada; Technology Centre for Functional Food Research and Development (CIDAF), Granada, 18100, Spain.,PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Crta. Alfacar s/n, Granada, 18071 Spain
| | - Borja Martinez-Tellez
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Crta. Alfacar s/n, Granada, 18071 Spain.,Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Division of Endocrinology and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicina, Leiden, 2333 ZA, Netherlands
| | - M Cruz Rico Prados
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, "José Mataix Verdú" Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, 18016, Spain.,RETIC SAMID. RETIC-SALUD Materno infantil y del desarrollo, Spain
| | - Francisco M Acosta
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Crta. Alfacar s/n, Granada, 18071 Spain.,Turku PET Centre, University of Turku. Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, 20520, Finland
| | - Jose M Llamas-Elvira
- Biohealth Research Institute in Granada (ibs. GRANADA), Granada, 18012, Spain.,Nuclear Medicine Service, "Virgen de las Nieves" University Hospital, Granada, 18014, Spain
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Crta. Alfacar s/n, Granada, 18071 Spain
| | - Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Crta. Alfacar s/n, Granada, 18071 Spain.,Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
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5
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Kircher E, Ketelhut S, Ketelhut K, Röglin L, Martin-Niedecken AL, Hottenrott K, Ketelhut RG. Acute Effects of Heart Rate-Controlled Exergaming on Vascular Function in Young Adults. Games Health J 2022; 11:58-66. [PMID: 34986027 DOI: 10.1089/g4h.2021.0196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Acute and regular moderate-intensity endurance exercise (MIEE) is known to positively affect vascular function. The present study assessed if an exercise session in an innovative exergame called the ExerCube can induce similar vascular reactions as an MIEE session. Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight healthy recreationally active participants (13 females and 15 males; aged 24.8 ± 3.9 years; with body mass index 23.2 ± 2.3 kg/m2) completed an exergaming session (EGS) in the ExerCube (25 minutes) and an MIEE session on a treadmill (35 minutes, 65%-70% of maximal heart rate [HR]) in a randomized order. Both before and throughout the 45 minutes after the training sessions, pulse wave velocity (PWV), total peripheral resistance (TPR), stroke volume (SV), and HR were recorded. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Board of the Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg (Medical Faculty of the Martin-Luther-Universität 2019-177). Results: There were different hemodynamic responses to both types of exercises. PWV was significantly decreased 45 minutes after the EGS (P < 0.001). No significant changes were detected after MIEE (P = 0.109). TPR was significantly lower after both exercise sessions (P < 0.01). Only the EGS resulted in a significant decrease in SV 15 minutes after exercise (P < 0.001). The HR was significantly (P < 0.05) higher after both exercise sessions. After the EGS, the increase in HR was still significantly higher (P = 0.011) 45 minutes after the session. The interaction effects revealed significant differences in PWV (15 minutes, P = 0.035; 30 minutes, P = 0.004; and 45 minutes, P < 0.001), favoring the EGS. Conclusion: The EGS seems to induce a relevant exercise stimulus that can modulate vascular function. Therefore, this exergame may present an effective tool for prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Kircher
- Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sascha Ketelhut
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Sport Science, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Kerstin Ketelhut
- MSB Medical School Berlin, Faculty of Natural Science, Berlin Germany
| | - Lisa Röglin
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Sport Science, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | | | - Kuno Hottenrott
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Sport Science, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Reinhard G Ketelhut
- Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.,Medical Center Berlin (MCB), Cardiology and Sports Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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6
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Meri̇c B, Solak S, Aydogdu N, Sut N, Vardar SA. The comparison of endothelial function of moderate intensity interval exercise with continuous exercise in healthy men. Curr Res Physiol 2022; 5:338-343. [PMID: 35880036 PMCID: PMC9307423 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphys.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aim Materials and methods Results Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Meri̇c
- Department of Physiology, Health Science Institute, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Serdar Solak
- Department of Radiology, Trakya University Medical Faculty, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Nurettin Aydogdu
- Department of Physiology, İnönü University Medical Faculty, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Necdet Sut
- Department of Biostatistics, Trakya University Medical Faculty, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Selma Arzu Vardar
- Department of Physiology, Health Science Institute, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
- Department of Physiology, Trakya University, Medical Faculty, Edirne, Turkey
- Corresponding author. Trakya University Medical Faculty Department of Physiology, 22030, Edirne, Turkey.
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7
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Sapp RM, Chesney CA, Eagan LE, Evans WS, Zietowski EM, Prior SJ, Hagberg JM, Ranadive SM. Changes in circulating microRNA and arterial stiffness following high-intensity interval and moderate intensity continuous exercise. Physiol Rep 2021; 8:e14431. [PMID: 32358919 PMCID: PMC7195557 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
High‐intensity interval (HII) exercise elicits distinct vascular responses compared to a matched dose of moderate intensity continuous (MOD) exercise. However, the acute effects of HII compared to MOD exercise on arterial stiffness are incompletely understood. Circulating microRNAs (ci‐miRs) may contribute to the vascular effects of exercise. We sought to determine exercise intensity‐dependent changes in ci‐miR potentially underlying changes in arterial stiffness. Ten young, healthy men underwent well‐matched, 30‐min HII and MOD exercise bouts. RT‐qPCR was used to determine the levels of seven vascular‐related ci‐miRs in serum obtained immediately before and after exercise. Arterial stiffness measures including carotid to femoral pulse wave velocity (cf‐PWV), carotid arterial compliance and β‐stiffness, and augmentation index (AIx and AIx75) were taken before, 10min after and 60min after exercise. Ci‐miR‐21‐5p, 126‐3p, 126‐5p, 150‐5p, 155‐5p, and 181b‐5p increased after HII exercise (p < .05), while ci‐miR‐150‐5p and 221‐3p increased after MOD exercise (p = .03 and 0.056). One hour after HII exercise, cf‐PWV trended toward being lower compared to baseline (p = .056) and was significantly lower compared to 60min after MOD exercise (p = .04). Carotid arterial compliance was increased 60min after HII exercise (p = .049) and was greater than 60min after MOD exercise (p = .02). AIx75 increased 10 min after both HII and MOD exercise (p < .05). There were significant correlations between some of the exercise‐induced changes in individual ci‐miRs and changes in cf‐PWV and AIx/AIx75. These results support the hypotheses that arterial stiffness and ci‐miRs are altered in an exercise intensity‐dependent manner, and ci‐miRs may contribute to changes in arterial stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Sapp
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Catalina A Chesney
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Lauren E Eagan
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - William S Evans
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Evelyn M Zietowski
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Steven J Prior
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - James M Hagberg
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Sushant M Ranadive
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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8
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Saz-Lara A, Cavero-Redondo I, Álvarez-Bueno C, Notario-Pacheco B, Ruiz-Grao MC, Martínez-Vizcaíno V. The Acute Effect of Exercise on Arterial Stiffness in Healthy Subjects: A Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2021; 10:E291. [PMID: 33466830 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10020291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Arterial stiffness has been shown to be a subclinical marker associated with cardiovascular disease. Meanwhile, long-term exercise has been demonstrated to reduce arterial stiffness, providing a decrease in cardiovascular risk. However, the acute effect of exercise on arterial stiffness is unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the acute effect of exercise interventions on arterial stiffness in healthy adults. We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE (via Pubmed), Scopus, and Web of Science databases, from their inception to 30 June 2020. A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the acute effect of exercise on arterial stiffness using random-effects models to calculate pooled effect size estimates and their corresponding 95% CI. Pulse wave velocity was measured as an arterial stiffness index. The 30 studies included in the meta-analysis showed that pulse wave velocity was not modified immediately after exercise (0 min post) (ES: 0.02; 95% CI: −0.22, 0.26), but subsequently decreased 30 min after exercise (ES: −0.27; 95% CI: −0.43, −0.12). Thereafter, pulse wave velocity increased to its initial value 24 h after exercise (ES: −0.07; 95% CI: −0.21, 0.07). Our results show that, although there is a significant reduction in pulse wave velocity 30 min after exercise, the levels of arterial stiffness return to their basal levels after 24 h. These findings could imply that, in order to achieve improvements in pulse wave velocity, exercise should be performed on a daily basis.
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9
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Eigendorf J. Different mr-proANP-release in High Volume High Intensity Interval Exercise and Continuous Exercise Regimens with Matched Mean Intensity: A Cross-over Design Study. Exerc Med 2020. [DOI: 10.26644/em.2020.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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10
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Mendez-Gutierrez A, Osuna-Prieto FJ, Aguilera CM, Ruiz JR, Sanchez-Delgado G. Endocrine Mechanisms Connecting Exercise to Brown Adipose Tissue Metabolism: a Human Perspective. Curr Diab Rep 2020; 20:40. [PMID: 32725289 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-020-01319-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize the state-of-the-art regarding the exercise-regulated endocrine signals that might modulate brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity and/or white adipose tissue (WAT) browning, or through which BAT communicates with other tissues, in humans. RECENT FINDINGS Exercise induces WAT browning in rodents by means of a variety of physiological mechanism. However, whether exercise induces WAT browning in humans is still unknown. Nonetheless, a number of protein hormones and metabolites, whose signaling can influence thermogenic adipocyte's metabolism, are secreted during and/or after exercise in humans from a variety of tissues and organs, such as the skeletal muscle, the adipose tissue, the liver, the adrenal glands, or the cardiac muscle. Overall, it seems plausible to hypothesize that, in humans, exercise secretes an endocrine cocktail that is likely to induce WAT browning, as it does in rodents. However, even if exercise elicits a pro-browning endocrine response, this might result in a negligible effect if blood flow is restricted in thermogenic adipocyte-rich areas during exercise, which is still to be determined. Future studies are needed to fully characterize the exercise-induced secretion (i.e., to determine the effect of the different exercise frequency, intensity, type, time, and volume) of endocrine signaling molecules that might modulate BAT activity and/or WAT browning or through which BAT communicates with other tissues, during exercise. The exercise effect on BAT metabolism and/or WAT browning could be one of the still unknown mechanisms by which exercise exerts beneficial health effects, and it might be pharmacologically mimicked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mendez-Gutierrez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, "José Mataix Verdú" Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Biohealth Research Institute in Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Osuna-Prieto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Technology Centre for Functional Food Research and Development (CIDAF), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Concepcion M Aguilera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, "José Mataix Verdú" Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Biohealth Research Institute in Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
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11
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Abstract
Interval exercise training is increasingly recommended to improve health and fitness; however, it is not known if cardiovascular risk is different from continuous exercise protocols. This systematic review with meta-analyses assessed the effect of a single bout of interval exercise on cardiovascular responses that indicate risk of cardiac fibrillation and infarction compared to continuous exercise. Electronic databases Medline, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus and Cochrane were searched. Key inclusion criteria were: (1) intervals of the same intensity and duration followed by a recovery period and (2) reporting at least one of blood pressure, heart rate variability, arterial stiffness or function. Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and GRADE approach were used. Meta-analyses found that systolic blood pressure responses to interval exercise did not differ from responses to continuous exercise immediately (MD 8 mmHg [95% CI -32, 47], p = 0.71) or at 60 min following exercise (MD 0 mmHg [95% CI -2, 1], p = 0.79). However, reductions in diastolic blood pressure and flow-mediated dilation with interval exercise were observed 10-15 min post-exercise. The available evidence indicates that interval exercise does not convey higher cardiovascular risk than continuous exercise. Further investigation is required to establish the safety of interval exercise for clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kym Joanne Price
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brett Ashley Gordon
- Holsworth Research Initiative, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen Richard Bird
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amanda Clare Benson
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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12
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Bauer P, Kraushaar L, Most A, Hölscher S, Tajmiri-Gondai S, Dörr O, Troidl C, Bauer T, Nef H, Hamm CW, Keller T. Impact of Vascular Function on Maximum Power Output in Elite Handball Athletes. Res Q Exerc Sport 2019; 90:600-608. [PMID: 31397640 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2019.1639602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate vascular function and its relationship to cardiorespiratory fitness in professional handball athletes. Method: We examined 30 male professional handball athletes (age 27 ± 4 y) and 10 male sedentary controls (age 26 ± 5 y) at rest. The workup included exercise testing via ergometry. To assess vascular function, a validated electronic model of the arterial tree (vasc assist 2®) was used. It replicates noninvasively acquired pulse pressure waves by modulating the relevant functional parameters of compliance, resistance, inertia, pressure, and flow. The maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) was estimated using the validated heart rate ratio method. Results: Athletes had a significantly lower systolic and diastolic central blood pressure (cBP) compared to controls (102 ± 9/60 ± 9 vs. 110 ± 8/74 ± 9 mmHg, p < .01), whereas aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) (6.2 ± 0.8 vs. 6.3 ± 0.5 m/s, p = .45) and augmentation index at a heart rate of 75 (Aix@75) (-4 ± 12 vs. -13 ± 16%, p = .06) were not different. Resistance index (R) (15.9 ± 4.4 vs. 10.6 ± 0.6, p = .001) and maximum power output (MPO) (3.55 ± 0.54 vs. 2.46 ± 0.55 Watt/kg, p < .001) were significantly higher in athletes compared to controls. We found no relevant correlation between MPO, resting heart rate, PWV, Aix@75, and cBP. A higher VO2max (p = .02) and a lower R (p < .01) were significant predictors of a higher MPO in athletes. Conclusion: R had an independent and strong correlation to MPO in athletes, which might help to disentangle the contribution of aerobic capacity and arterial function to physical power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Bauer
- University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Giessen
| | | | - Astrid Most
- University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Giessen
| | | | | | - Oliver Dörr
- University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Giessen
| | | | - Timm Bauer
- University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Giessen
| | - Holger Nef
- University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Giessen
| | - Christian W Hamm
- University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Giessen
- Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center
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