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Most A, Kraushaar L, Dörr O, Keranov S, Hoelscher S, Weber R, Akdogan E, Groesser V, Husain-Syed F, Nef H, Hamm CW, Bauer P. Association of central blood pressure with an exaggerated blood pressure response to exercise among elite athletes. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:1239-1252. [PMID: 37987923 PMCID: PMC10955016 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05353-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The systolic blood pressure/workload (SBP/MET) slope was recently reported to be a reliable parameter to identify an exaggerated blood pressure response (eBPR) in the normal population and in athletes. However, it is unclear whether an eBPR correlates with central blood pressure (CBP) and vascular function in elite athletes. METHODS We examined 618 healthy male elite athletes (age 25.8 ± 5.1 years) of mixed sports with a standardized maximum exercise test. CBP and vascular function were measured non-invasively with a validated oscillometric device. The SBP/MET slope was calculated and the threshold for an eBPR was set at > 6.2 mmHg/MET. Two groups were defined according to ≤ 6.2 and > 6.2 mmHg/MET, and associations of CBP and vascular function with the SBP/MET slope were compared for each group. RESULTS Athletes with an eBPR (n = 180, 29%) displayed a significantly higher systolic CBP (102.9 ± 7.5 vs. 100 ± 7.7 mmHg, p = 0.001) but a lower absolute (295 ± 58 vs. 384 ± 68 W, p < 0.001) and relative workload (3.14 ± 0.54 vs. 4.27 ± 1.1 W/kg, p < 0.001) compared with athletes with a normal SBP/MET slope (n = 438, 71%). Systolic CBP was positively associated with the SBP/MET slope (r = 0.243, p < 0.001). In multiple logistic regression analyses, systolic CBP (odds ratio [OR] 1.099, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.045-1.155, p < 0.001) and left atrial volume index (LAVI) (OR 1.282, CI 1.095-1.501, p = 0.002) were independent predictors of an eBPR. CONCLUSION Systolic CBP and LAVI were independent predictors of an eBPR. An eBPR was further associated with a lower performance level, highlighting the influence of vascular function on the BPR and performance of male elite athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Most
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35390, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Oliver Dörr
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35390, Giessen, Germany
| | - Stanislav Keranov
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35390, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sophie Hoelscher
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35390, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rebecca Weber
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35390, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ebru Akdogan
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35390, Giessen, Germany
| | - Vincent Groesser
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35390, Giessen, Germany
| | - Faeq Husain-Syed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Holger Nef
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35390, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christian W Hamm
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35390, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Rhein-Main Partner Site, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Pascal Bauer
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35390, Giessen, Germany.
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Bauer P, Tello K, Kraushaar L, Dörr O, Keranov S, Husain-Syed F, Nef H, Hamm CW, Most A. Normative values of non-invasively assessed RV function and pulmonary circulation coupling for pre-participation screening derived from 497 male elite athletes. Clin Res Cardiol 2023; 112:1362-1371. [PMID: 36102951 PMCID: PMC10562270 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-022-02099-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reference values for right ventricular function and pulmonary circulation coupling were recently established for the general population. However, normative values for elite athletes are missing, even though exercise-related right ventricular enlargement is frequent in competitive athletes. METHODS We examined 497 healthy male elite athletes (age 26.1 ± 5.2 years) of mixed sports with a standardized transthoracic echocardiographic examination. Tricuspid annular plane excursion (TAPSE) and systolic pulmonary artery pressure (SPAP) were measured. Pulmonary circulation coupling was calculated as TAPSE/SPAP ratio. Two age groups were defined (18-29 years and 30-39 years) and associations of clinical parameters with the TAPSE/SPAP ratio were determined and compared for each group. RESULTS Athletes aged 18-29 (n = 349, 23.8 ± 3.5 years) displayed a significantly lower TAPSE/SPAP ratio (1.23 ± 0.3 vs. 1.31 ± 0.33 mm/mmHg, p = 0.039), TAPSE/SPAP to body surface area (BSA) ratio (0.56 ± 0.14 vs. 0.6 ± 0.16 mm*m2/mmHg, p = 0.017), diastolic blood pressure (75.6 ± 7.9 vs. 78.8 ± 10.7 mmHg, p < 0.001), septal wall thickness (10.2 ± 1.1 vs. 10.7 ± 1.1 mm, p = 0.013) and left atrial volume index (27.5 ± 4.5 vs. 30.8 ± 4.1 ml/m2, p < 0.001), but a higher SPAP (24.2 ± 4.5 vs. 23.2 ± 4.4 mmHg, p = 0.035) compared to athletes aged 30-39 (n = 148, 33.1 ± 3.4 years). TAPSE was not different between the age groups. The TAPSE/SPAP ratio was positively correlated with left ventricular stroke volume (r = 0.133, p = 0.018) and training amount per week (r = 0.154, p = 0.001) and negatively correlated with E/E' lat. (r = -0.152, p = 0.005). CONCLUSION The reference values for pulmonary circulation coupling determined in this study could be used to interpret and distinguish physiological from pathological cardiac remodeling in male elite athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Bauer
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35390, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Khodr Tello
- Department of Internal Medicine, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Oliver Dörr
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35390, Giessen, Germany
| | - Stanislav Keranov
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35390, Giessen, Germany
| | - Faeq Husain-Syed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Holger Nef
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35390, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christian W Hamm
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35390, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Clinic GmbH, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Astrid Most
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35390, Giessen, Germany
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Bauer P, Kraushaar L, Jünemann M. Vascular aging and the complex relationship between cognitive decline and cardiovascular disease. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2023; 30:533-534. [PMID: 36724038 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwad027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Bauer
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Justus- Liebig- University Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Martin Jünemann
- Department of Neurology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany
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Bauer P, Kraushaar L, Dörr O, Keranov S, Nef H, Hamm CW, Most A. Vascular alterations among male elite athletes recovering from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8655. [PMID: 35606543 PMCID: PMC9125957 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12734-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 may affect the cardiovascular system and vascular impairment has been reported in healthy young adults recovering from COVID-19. However, the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the vascular function of elite athletes is unknown. We examined 30 healthy male elite athletes (age 25.8 ± 4.6 years) pre-season and at a 6-month follow-up (182 ± 10 days). Vascular function and central blood pressure were calculated using transfer function-based analysis of peripheral arterial waveforms obtained by oscillometry. We performed a two-way repeated-measures ANOVA on the biomarker data, with SARS-CoV-2 status as the between-groups factor and time as the within-groups factor. Subjects who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 were studied 18 ± 4 days after their positive testing date at follow-up. Of 30 athletes, 15 tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 after the first examination and prior to the follow-up. None had severe COVID-19 or reported any persisting symptoms. The results of the two-way repeated measures ANOVA revealed that there was no significant main effect of COVID-19 on any of the investigated biomarkers. However, there was a significant interaction between the effects of SARS-CoV-2 exposure and time on augmentation index (Aix) (p = 0.006) and augmentation index normalized to a heart rate of 75 beats per minute (Aix@75), (p = 0.0018). The observation of an interaction effect on Aix and Aix@75 in the absence of any main effect indicates a cross-over interaction. Significant vascular alterations in male elite athletes recovering from COVID-19 were observed that suggest vascular impairment. Whether these alterations affect athletic performance should be evaluated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Bauer
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Justus- Liebig- University Giessen, 35390, Giessen, Germany.
| | | | - Oliver Dörr
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Justus- Liebig- University Giessen, 35390, Giessen, Germany
| | - Stanislav Keranov
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Justus- Liebig- University Giessen, 35390, Giessen, Germany
| | - Holger Nef
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Justus- Liebig- University Giessen, 35390, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christian W Hamm
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Justus- Liebig- University Giessen, 35390, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Clinic GmbH, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Astrid Most
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Justus- Liebig- University Giessen, 35390, Giessen, Germany
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Bauer P, Kraushaar L, Hoelscher S, Weber R, Akdogan E, Keranov S, Dörr O, Nef H, Hamm CW, Most A. Blood Pressure Response and Vascular Function of Professional Athletes and Controls. Sports Med Int Open 2021; 5:E45-E52. [PMID: 33889714 PMCID: PMC8055378 DOI: 10.1055/a-1400-1897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Workload-indexed blood pressure response (wiBPR) to exercise has been shown
to be superior to peak systolic blood pressure (SBP) in predicting mortality
in healthy men. Thus far, however, markers of wiBPR have not been evaluated
for athletes and the association with vascular function is unclear. We
examined 95 male professional athletes (26±5 y) and 30 male controls
(26±4 y). We assessed vascular functional parameters at rest and
wiBPR with a graded bicycle ergometer test and compared values for athletes
with those of controls. Athletes had a lower pulse wave velocity
(6.4±0.9 vs. 7.2±1.5 m/s, p=0.001) compared
to controls. SBP/Watt slope (0.34±0.13 vs.
0.44±0.12 mmHg/W), SBP/MET slope
(6.2±1.8 vs. 7.85±1.8 mmHg/MET) and peak
SBP/Watt ratio (0.61±0.12 vs.
0.95±0.17 mmHg/W) were lower in athletes than in
controls (p<0.001). The SBP/Watt and SBP/MET slope
in athletes were comparable to the reference values, whereas the peak
SBP/Watt-ratio was lower. All vascular functional parameters
measured were not significantly correlated to the wiBPR in either athletes
or controls. In conclusion, our findings indicate the potential use of the
SBP/Watt and SBP/MET slope in pre-participation screening of
athletes. Further, vascular functional parameters, measured at rest, were
unrelated to the wiBPR in athletes and controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Bauer
- Medizinische Klinik I- Kardiologie/Angiologie, Justus Liebig Universitat Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Sophie Hoelscher
- Medizinische Klinik I- Kardiologie/Angiologie, Justus Liebig Universitat Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rebecca Weber
- Medizinische Klinik I- Kardiologie/Angiologie, Justus Liebig Universitat Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ebru Akdogan
- Medizinische Klinik I- Kardiologie/Angiologie, Justus Liebig Universitat Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Stanislav Keranov
- Medizinische Klinik I- Kardiologie/Angiologie, Justus Liebig Universitat Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Oliver Dörr
- Medizinische Klinik I- Kardiologie/Angiologie, Justus Liebig Universitat Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Holger Nef
- Medizinische Klinik I- Kardiologie/Angiologie, Justus Liebig Universitat Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christian W Hamm
- Medizinische Klinik I- Kardiologie/Angiologie, Justus Liebig Universitat Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff-Klinik GmbH, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Astrid Most
- Medizinische Klinik I- Kardiologie/Angiologie, Justus Liebig Universitat Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Bauer P, Kraushaar L, Dörr O, Nef H, Hamm CW, Most A. Sex differences in workload-indexed blood pressure response and vascular function among professional athletes and their utility for clinical exercise testing. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 121:1859-1869. [PMID: 33709207 PMCID: PMC8192366 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04656-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Sex differences in blood pressure (BP) regulation at rest have been attributed to differences in vascular function. Further, arterial stiffness predicts an exaggerated blood pressure response to exercise (BPR) in healthy young adults. However, the relationship of vascular function to the workload-indexed BPR and potential sex differences in athletes are unknown. Methods We examined 47 male (21.6 ± 1.7 years) and 25 female (21.1 ± 2 years) athletes in this single-center pilot study. We assessed vascular function at rest, including systolic blood pressure (SBP). Further, we determined the SBP/W slope, the SBP/MET slope, and the SBP/W ratio at peak exercise during cycling ergometry. Results Male athletes had a lower central diastolic blood pressure (57 ± 9.5 vs. 67 ± 9.5 mmHg, p < 0.001) but a higher central pulse pressure (37 ± 6.5 vs. 29 ± 4.7 mmHg, p < 0.001), maximum SBP (202 ± 20 vs. 177 ± 15 mmHg, p < 0.001), and ΔSBP (78 ± 19 vs. 58 ± 14 mmHg, p < 0.001) than females. Total vascular resistance (1293 ± 318 vs. 1218 ± 341 dyn*s/cm5, p = 0.369), pulse wave velocity (6.2 ± 0.85 vs. 5.9 ± 0.58 m/s, p = 0.079), BP at rest (125 ± 10/76 ± 7 vs. 120 ± 11/73.5 ± 8 mmHg, p > 0.05), and the SBP/MET slope (5.7 ± 1.8 vs. 5.1 ± 1.6 mmHg/MET, p = 0.158) were not different. The SBP/W slope (0.34 ± 0.12 vs. 0.53 ± 0.19 mmHg/W) and the peak SBP/W ratio (0.61 ± 0.12 vs. 0.95 ± 0.17 mmHg/W) were markedly lower in males than in females (p < 0.001). Conclusion Male athletes displayed a lower SBP/W slope and peak SBP/W ratio than females, whereas the SBP/MET slope was not different between the sexes. Vascular functional parameters were not able to predict the workload-indexed BPR in males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Bauer
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Justus- Liebig- University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
| | | | - Oliver Dörr
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Justus- Liebig- University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Holger Nef
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Justus- Liebig- University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christian W Hamm
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Justus- Liebig- University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Clinic GmbH, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Astrid Most
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Justus- Liebig- University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Bauer P, Kraushaar L, Dörr O, Bauer T, Nef H, Hamm CW, Most A. Association of 25-hydroxy vitamin D level with the blood pressure response to a maximum exercise test among professional indoor athletes. Eur J Appl Physiol 2020; 120:1931-1941. [PMID: 32588193 PMCID: PMC7340632 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04421-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Low vitamin D levels have been associated with elevated blood pressure (BP) in the general population. However, whether there is an association of vitamin D insufficiency with BP changes during maximum exercise in athletes is currently unclear.
Methods A total of 120 male professional indoor athletes (age 26 ± 5 years) were examined. BP was measured at rest and during a graded cycling test. We assessed the BP response (BPR) during maximum exercise and the respective load. BP and BPR (peak-baseline BP) were analysed with respect to 25-OH vitamin D levels, with levels < 30 ng/mL defining vitamin D insufficiency.
Results 35 athletes were classified as being vitamin D insufficient. BP was not different between sufficient and insufficient vitamin D groups (122 ± 10/75 ± 7 vs. 120 ± 12/77 ± 9 mmHg). At maximum exercise, however, systolic BP (198 ± 17 vs. 189 ± 19, p = 0.026) and the pulse pressure (118 ± 18 vs. 109 ± 21 mmHg, p = 0.021) were higher in the sufficient group; the BPR was not different between groups (76 ± 20/5 ± 6 vs. 69 ± 22/3 ± 6 mmHg, p = 0.103). Athletes with sufficient levels had a higher maximum power output (3.99 ± 0.82 vs. 3.58 ± 0.78 W/kg, p = 0.015) and achieved higher workloads (367 ± 78 vs. 333 ± 80 W, p = 0.003). The workload-adjusted BPR (maximum systolic BP/MPO) was not different between athletes with sufficient and insufficient vitamin D levels (51 ± 10 vs. 56 ± 14 mmHg × kg/W, p = 0.079).
Conclusion Athletes with sufficient vitamin D achieved a higher maximum systolic BP and a higher maximum power output. The workload-adjusted BPR was not different between groups, which suggests that this finding reflects a better performance of athletes with sufficient vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Bauer
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Justus- Liebig- University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
| | | | - Oliver Dörr
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Justus- Liebig- University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Timm Bauer
- Department of Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Sana Clinic Offenbach, Offenbach, Germany
| | - Holger Nef
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Justus- Liebig- University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christian W Hamm
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Justus- Liebig- University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Clinic GmbH, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Astrid Most
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Justus- Liebig- University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Bauer P, Kraushaar L, Dörr O, Nef H, Hamm CW, Most A. Workload-indexed blood pressure response to a maximum exercise test among professional indoor athletes. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2020; 28:1487-1494. [PMID: 33611510 DOI: 10.1177/2047487320922043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise testing is performed regularly in professional athletes. However, the blood pressure response (BPR) to exercise is rarely investigated in this cohort, and normative upper thresholds are lacking. Recently, a workload-indexed BPR (increase in systolic blood pressure per increase in metabolic equivalent of task (SBP/MET slope)) was evaluated in a general population and was compared with mortality. We sought to evaluate the SBP/MET slope in professional athletes and compare it with performance. DESIGN This was a cross-sectional study. METHODS A total of 142 male professional indoor athletes (age 26 ± 5 years) were examined. Blood pressure was measured at rest and during a standardized, graded cycle ergometer test. We assessed the BPR during exercise, the workload, and the metabolic equivalent of task (MET). Athletes were divided into groups according to their SBP/MET slope quartiles (I <4.3; II 4.3-6.2; III >6.2-9; IV >9 mmHg/MET) and compared regarding systolic BP (sBP) and workload achieved. RESULTS Athletes in group I (n = 42) had the lowest maximum sBP (180 ± 13 mmHg) but achieved the highest relative workload (4.2 ± 1 W/kg). With increasing SBP/MET slope, the maximum sBP increased (II (n = 56): 195 ± 15 mmHg; III (n = 44): 216 ± 16 mmHg) and the workload achieved decreased (II: 3.9 ± 0.7 W/kg; III: 3.3 ± 0.5 W/kg). The differences in sBP between these groups were significant (p < 0.001). None of the athletes were assigned to group IV (>9 mmHg/MET). CONCLUSION Athletes in the lowest SBP/MET slope quartile displayed the lowest maximum sBP but achieved a higher workload than athletes classified into the other SBP/MET slope groups. This simple, novel metric might help to distinguish a normal from an exaggerated BPR to exercise, to identify athletes at risk of developing hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Bauer
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Oliver Dörr
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Giessen, Germany
| | - Holger Nef
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Giessen, Germany
| | - Christian W Hamm
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Giessen, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Clinic GmbH, Germany
| | - Astrid Most
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Giessen, Germany
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Bauer P, Kraushaar L, Most A, Hölscher S, Tajmiri-Gondai S, Dörr O, Troidl C, Bauer T, Nef H, Hamm CW, Keller T. Impact of Vascular Function on Maximum Power Output in Elite Handball Athletes. Res Q Exerc Sport 2019; 90:600-608. [PMID: 31397640 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2019.1639602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate vascular function and its relationship to cardiorespiratory fitness in professional handball athletes. Method: We examined 30 male professional handball athletes (age 27 ± 4 y) and 10 male sedentary controls (age 26 ± 5 y) at rest. The workup included exercise testing via ergometry. To assess vascular function, a validated electronic model of the arterial tree (vasc assist 2®) was used. It replicates noninvasively acquired pulse pressure waves by modulating the relevant functional parameters of compliance, resistance, inertia, pressure, and flow. The maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) was estimated using the validated heart rate ratio method. Results: Athletes had a significantly lower systolic and diastolic central blood pressure (cBP) compared to controls (102 ± 9/60 ± 9 vs. 110 ± 8/74 ± 9 mmHg, p < .01), whereas aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) (6.2 ± 0.8 vs. 6.3 ± 0.5 m/s, p = .45) and augmentation index at a heart rate of 75 (Aix@75) (-4 ± 12 vs. -13 ± 16%, p = .06) were not different. Resistance index (R) (15.9 ± 4.4 vs. 10.6 ± 0.6, p = .001) and maximum power output (MPO) (3.55 ± 0.54 vs. 2.46 ± 0.55 Watt/kg, p < .001) were significantly higher in athletes compared to controls. We found no relevant correlation between MPO, resting heart rate, PWV, Aix@75, and cBP. A higher VO2max (p = .02) and a lower R (p < .01) were significant predictors of a higher MPO in athletes. Conclusion: R had an independent and strong correlation to MPO in athletes, which might help to disentangle the contribution of aerobic capacity and arterial function to physical power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Bauer
- University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Giessen
| | | | - Astrid Most
- University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Giessen
| | | | | | - Oliver Dörr
- University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Giessen
| | | | - Timm Bauer
- University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Giessen
| | - Holger Nef
- University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Giessen
| | - Christian W Hamm
- University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Giessen
- Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center
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Kraushaar L, Krämer A. Engaging self-correcting feedback control to increase physical activity and reduce body weight and disease risk in overweight sedentary adults. Gesundheitswesen 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1266609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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