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Delling C, Daugschies A. Literature Review: Coinfection in Young Ruminant Livestock- Cryptosporidium spp. and Its Companions. Pathogens 2022; 11:103. [PMID: 35056051 PMCID: PMC8777864 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The protozoan Cryptosporidium parvum is one of the major causative pathogens of diarrhoea in young ruminants; therefore, it causes economic losses and impairs animal welfare. Besides C. parvum, there are many other non-infectious and infectious factors, such as rotavirus, Escherichia coli, and Giardia duodenalis, which may lead to diarrhoeic disease in young livestock. Often, more than one infectious agent is detected in affected animals. Little is known about the interactions bet-ween simultaneously occurring pathogens and their potential effects on the course of disease. In this review, a brief overview about pathogens associated with diarrhoea in young ruminants is presented. Furthermore, information about coinfections involving Cryptosporidium is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cora Delling
- Institute of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, An den Tierkliniken 35, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
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2
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Castells M, Caffarena RD, Casaux ML, Schild C, Castells F, Castells D, Victoria M, Riet-Correa F, Giannitti F, Parreño V, Colina R. Detection, risk factors and molecular diversity of norovirus GIII in cattle in Uruguay. Infect Genet Evol 2020; 86:104613. [PMID: 33157299 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Uruguay is a leading exporter of bovine meat and dairy products, and cattle production is one of the principal economic backbones in this country. A main clinical problem faced by livestock farmers is neonatal calf diarrhea (NCD); however, causes of NCD have not been extensively studied in Uruguay. Bovine norovirus (BoNoV) has been proposed as one of the possible etiologies of NCD as experimentally infected calves developed diarrhea and enteropathy, although limited information is available from field surveys. The aims of this study were to determine the frequency of infection, to investigate possible risk factors, and to determine the molecular diversity of BoNoV in Uruguay. A total of 761 samples of feces or intestinal contents from dairy and beef calves were analyzed through RT-qPCR. The overall frequency of detection of BoNoV was 66.1% with higher frequency in dairy (70.5%) than beef (15.9%) calves (p < 0.01). BoNoV was detected similarly in diarrheic (78.8%) and non-diarrheic (76.2%) dairy calves (p = 0.50). Calves ≤2 weeks of age (84%) were infected more often than older (62.7%) calves (p < 0.01). Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the presence of GIII.1 and GIII.2 genotypes. In addition, we reported the circulation of recombinant strains and the detection of a strain with the recently described novel VP1 genotype. This study represents the first report describing the circulation, the associated risk factors, and the molecular diversity of BoNoV in Uruguay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías Castells
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, CENUR Litoral Norte, Centro Universitario de Salto, Universidad de la República, Rivera 1350, 50000 Salto, Uruguay; Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Ruta 50 km 11, Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, 70000 Colonia, Uruguay.
| | - Rubén Darío Caffarena
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Ruta 50 km 11, Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, 70000 Colonia, Uruguay; Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Alberto Lasplaces 1620, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María Laura Casaux
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Ruta 50 km 11, Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, 70000 Colonia, Uruguay
| | - Carlos Schild
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Ruta 50 km 11, Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, 70000 Colonia, Uruguay
| | - Felipe Castells
- Doctor en Veterinaria en ejercicio libre, asociado al Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, CENUR Litoral Norte, Centro Universitario de Salto, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - Daniel Castells
- Centro de Investigación y Experimentación Dr. Alejandro Gallinal, Secretariado Uruguayo de la Lana, Ruta 7 km 140, Cerro Colorado, Florida, Uruguay
| | - Matías Victoria
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, CENUR Litoral Norte, Centro Universitario de Salto, Universidad de la República, Rivera 1350, 50000 Salto, Uruguay
| | - Franklin Riet-Correa
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Ruta 50 km 11, Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, 70000 Colonia, Uruguay
| | - Federico Giannitti
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Ruta 50 km 11, Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, 70000 Colonia, Uruguay
| | - Viviana Parreño
- Sección de Virus Gastroentéricos, Instituto de Virología, CICV y A, INTA Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rodney Colina
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, CENUR Litoral Norte, Centro Universitario de Salto, Universidad de la República, Rivera 1350, 50000 Salto, Uruguay.
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Ryu JH, Shin SU, Choi KS. Molecular surveillance of viral pathogens associated with diarrhea in pre-weaned Korean native calves. Trop Anim Health Prod 2020; 52:1811-1820. [PMID: 31927690 PMCID: PMC7089501 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-02181-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Shi Z, Wang W, Xu Z, Zhang X, Lan Y. Genetic and phylogenetic analyses of the first GIII.2 bovine norovirus in China. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:311. [PMID: 31477115 PMCID: PMC6720400 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2060-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Norovirus (NoV) is recognized as a highly contagious enteric pathogen of mammals, and bovine norovirus (BNoV) is associated with calf diarrhoea and has caused great economic losses in the cattle industry. Results Here, we describe a case of emerging calf diarrhoea on a cattle farm in Henan Province, Central China. BNoV was the only enteric pathogen detected in outbreaks according to tests for enteric viruses, bacteria and parasites. The complete genome of the newly identified strain CH-HNSC-2018 was successfully sequenced and found to be 7342 nucleotides in length. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses revealed that CH-HNSC-2018 belongs to GIII.2 BNoV. Further analysis of the major capsid protein demonstrated that it is separated by specific genetic distances from previous BNoV strains identified in China and has 4 new amino acid (aa) mutations, 134A, 327 T, 380 L and 423A, in the VP1 protein and 11 aa substitutions in the hypervariable P2 subdomain, suggesting that the BNoV strains circulating in China are diverse. Conclusions This is the first detection of GIII.2 BNoV in the VP1 region in China. This report should form a basis for further molecular studies on NoV and bovine enteric viruses in China. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-019-2060-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihai Shi
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Breeding and Nutritional Regulation, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Wenjia Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Zhaoxue Xu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Breeding and Nutritional Regulation, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Xiaozhan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China.
| | - Yali Lan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China.
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Wang Y, Yue H, Tang C. Prevalence and complete genome of bovine norovirus with novel VP1 genotype in calves in China. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12023. [PMID: 31427703 PMCID: PMC6700072 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48569-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine norovirus (BNoV) is a diarrhea-causing pathogen of calves. In this study, 211 diarrheic fecal samples were collected from 25 farms across six provinces in China, between November 2017 and September 2018. 20.4% of the samples were detected as BNoV-positive by RT-PCR. Phylogenetic analyses based on RdRp, VP1, and VP2 fragments revealed these BNoV strains had unique evolutionary characteristics. The complete genome of strain Bo/BET-17/18/CH was successfully sequenced. It was 7321 nucleotides (nt) in length, shared 79.4-80.9% nt identity with all five BNoV genomes, clustered on a separate branch of the phylogenetic tree, suggesting that strain Bo/BET-17/18/CH could represent a novel BNoV strain. Two interesting characteristics were found in the genome: (i) the VP1 sequence differed greatly from known BNoV VP1 sequences; (ii) a recombination event is predicted within the ORF1-ORF2 overlap. Moreover 16.3% (7/43) of the BNoV were identified as the novel VP1 genotype, which were distributed on four farms across two provinces, indicating that the novel VP1 genotype strain has spread. To our knowledge, this is first description of the molecular and genomic characteristics of BNoV in China. These findings extend our understanding of the genetic evolution and epidemics of BNoV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuelin Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua Yue
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China. .,Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Chengdu, China.
| | - Cheng Tang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China. .,Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Chengdu, China.
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Melegari I, Di Profio F, Palombieri A, Sarchese V, Diakoudi G, Robetto S, Orusa R, Marsilio F, Bányai K, Martella V, Di Martino B. Molecular detection of canine bufaviruses in wild canids. Arch Virol 2019; 164:2315-2320. [PMID: 31168750 PMCID: PMC7086671 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04304-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Novel protoparvoviruses genetically related to human and non-human primate bufaviruses (BuVs) have been detected recently in respiratory and enteric specimens collected from dogs and cats. In this study, by molecular screening of archival collections of faecal samples from wolves and foxes, we detected BuVs with a rate of 17.1% (7/41) and 10.5% (9/86), respectively. Sequence analysis of a portion of the ORF2 gene region of nine positive samples showed that the viruses in these samples were closely related to BuVs (97.5–99.0% nucleotide sequence identity) found in domestic carnivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Melegari
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, Piazza Aldo Moro, 45, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Federica Di Profio
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, Piazza Aldo Moro, 45, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Andrea Palombieri
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, Piazza Aldo Moro, 45, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Vittorio Sarchese
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, Piazza Aldo Moro, 45, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Georgia Diakoudi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università Aldo Moro di Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Serena Robetto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, della Liguria e della Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Riccardo Orusa
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, della Liguria e della Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Fulvio Marsilio
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, Piazza Aldo Moro, 45, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Kristián Bányai
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Vito Martella
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università Aldo Moro di Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Barbara Di Martino
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, Piazza Aldo Moro, 45, 64100, Teramo, Italy.
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Villabruna N, Koopmans MPG, de Graaf M. Animals as Reservoir for Human Norovirus. Viruses 2019; 11:E478. [PMID: 31130647 DOI: 10.3390/v11050478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Norovirus is the most common cause of non-bacterial gastroenteritis and is a burden worldwide. The increasing norovirus diversity is currently categorized into at least 10 genogroups which are further classified into more than 40 genotypes. In addition to humans, norovirus can infect a broad range of hosts including livestock, pets, and wild animals, e.g., marine mammals and bats. Little is known about norovirus infections in most non-human hosts, but the close genetic relatedness between some animal and human noroviruses coupled with lack of understanding where newly appearing human norovirus genotypes and variants are emerging from has led to the hypothesis that norovirus may not be host restricted and might be able to jump the species barrier. We have systematically reviewed the literature to describe the diversity, prevalence, and geographic distribution of noroviruses found in animals, and the pathology associated with infection. We further discuss the evidence that exists for or against interspecies transmission including surveillance data and data from in vitro and in vivo experiments.
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Karayel-Hacioglu I, Alkan F. Molecular characterization of bovine noroviruses and neboviruses in Turkey: detection of recombinant strains. Arch Virol 2019; 164:1411-1417. [PMID: 30850861 PMCID: PMC7086724 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04186-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of bovine enteric caliciviruses, a total of 167 fecal samples from diarrheic calves were screened. Bovine noroviruses (BoNoVs) and neboviruses were detected in 56 (33.5%) and 37 (22.1%) fecal samples, respectively. Sequences of the RdRp and capsid gene of selected BoNoVs showed that the GIII.1 and GIII.2 genotypes were in circulation in Turkey. Two of the BoNoV strains were identified as recombinant strains (GIII.P1/GIII.2). All examined neboviruses possessed a Nebraska-like RdRp gene. The two nebovirus strains were classified into lineage 4 based on phylogenetic analysis of VP1 amino acid sequences. One of them showed evidence of a recombination event within the S domain. This study is thus the first to reveal the presence of the BoNoV GIII.1 genotype and recombinant strains of BoNoV and neboviruses in Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilke Karayel-Hacioglu
- Department of Virology, Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Diskapi, 06110, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Feray Alkan
- Department of Virology, Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Diskapi, 06110, Ankara, Turkey
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Mohamed FF, Ktob GKF, Ismaeil MEA, Ali AAH, Goyal SM. Phylogeny of bovine norovirus in Egypt based on VP2 gene. Int J Vet Sci Med 2018; 6:48-52. [PMID: 30255078 PMCID: PMC6147391 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijvsm.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine norovirus (BNoV) has emerged as a viral pathogen that causes a gastrointestinal illness and diarrhea in cattle. Despite its worldwide distribution, very little information is known about BNoV in Africa. In this study, BNoV was detected in 27.6% (8/29) of tested fecal materials, collected from sporadic cases of diarrheic calves, using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and primers that target RNA dependent RNA polymerase gene. Additionally, one primer pair was designed to flank the BNoV-VP2 (small capsid protein) gene for molecular analysis. Study VP2 sequences were phylogenetically-related to BNoV-GIII.2 (Newbury2-like) genotype, which is highly prevalent all over the world. However, they were separated within the cluster and one strain (41FR) grouped with recombinant GIII.P1/GIII.2 strains. Compared to reference VP2 sequences, 14 amino acid substitution mutations were found to be unique to our strains. The study confirms that BNoV is currently circulating among diarrheic calves of Egypt and also characterizes its ORF3 (VP2) genetically. The status of BNoV should be continuously evaluated in Egypt for effective prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakry F Mohamed
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia 44511, Egypt.,Department of Veterinary Population Medicine and Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA
| | - Gamelat K F Ktob
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia 44511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E A Ismaeil
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia 44511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A H Ali
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia 44511, Egypt
| | - Sagar M Goyal
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine and Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA
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Melegari I, Sarchese V, Di Profio F, Robetto S, Carella E, Bermudez Sanchez S, Orusa R, Martella V, Marsilio F, Di Martino B. First molecular identification of kobuviruses in wolves (Canis lupus) in Italy. Arch Virol 2017; 163:509-513. [PMID: 29101539 PMCID: PMC7086812 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3637-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Canine kobuviruses (CaKoVs) were first identified in diarrhoeic and asymptomatic dogs in 2011 in the USA. Subsequent studies have demonstrated a worldwide distribution of these viruses, but it is not clear if CaKoVs play a role as enteric pathogens of dogs. More recently, CaKoV RNA has been detected in wild carnivores, including red fox, golden jackal, side-striped jackal and spotted hyena. In this study, we addressed the hypothesis that wolves are susceptible to CaKoV infections. A total of 185 wolf stool samples were collected from necropsied animals and from transects in the Liguria, Piemonte and Valle D'Aosta regions of Italy, and CaKoV RNA was identified in two of these specimens. Both samples were obtained from necropsied wolves, with a prevalence rate of 4.9% (2/41). Sequence analysis of the full-length VP1 region showed that these strains displayed the highest nucleotide (nt) sequence identity (86.3-98.5%) to canine strains identified in the UK and Africa, and to kobuviruses that were previously detected in other African wild carnivores. This suggests that genetically related CaKoV strains circulate in domestic and wild carnivores, with interspecies transmission being not uncommon among carnivores of different ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Melegari
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, Piazza Aldo Moro, 45, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Vittorio Sarchese
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, Piazza Aldo Moro, 45, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Federica Di Profio
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, Piazza Aldo Moro, 45, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Serena Robetto
- Centro di Referenza Nazionale per le Malattie degli Animali Selvatici (CeRMAS), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, della Liguria e della Valle d'Aosta, Aosta, Italy
| | - Emanuele Carella
- Centro di Referenza Nazionale per le Malattie degli Animali Selvatici (CeRMAS), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, della Liguria e della Valle d'Aosta, Aosta, Italy
| | - Sandra Bermudez Sanchez
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, Piazza Aldo Moro, 45, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Riccardo Orusa
- Centro di Referenza Nazionale per le Malattie degli Animali Selvatici (CeRMAS), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, della Liguria e della Valle d'Aosta, Aosta, Italy
| | - Vito Martella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università Aldo Moro di Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Fulvio Marsilio
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, Piazza Aldo Moro, 45, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Barbara Di Martino
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, Piazza Aldo Moro, 45, 64100, Teramo, Italy.
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Alfieri AA, Leme RA, Alfieri AF. Norovirus Infection. Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases of Livestock 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-47426-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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12
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Kong N, Zuo Y, Wang Z, Yu H, Zhou EM, Shan T, Tong G. Molecular characterization of new described kobuvirus in dogs with diarrhea in China. Springerplus 2016; 5:2047. [PMID: 27995024 PMCID: PMC5130936 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-3738-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Canine kobuvirus (CaKVs) was a newly described virus detected in dogs in the US and Italy. To learn more about CaKVs, 5 of 106 fecal samples from diarrhea dogs were positive with CaKVs in China, and the full genome of CaKVs strain CH-1 isolated from dog with diarrhea was sequenced. The genome consists of 8186 nucleotides, excluding the 3′ poly (A) tail, and an open reading frame that maps between nucleotide positions 601 and 7943 which encodes a 2446 amino acid polyprotein. Based on the complete amino acid sequence of polyprotein, phylogenetic analysis showed that CH-1 was grouped along with other canine kobuvirus strains detected in the USA (US-PC0082, AN211D).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Kong
- Department of Swine Infectious Disease, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241 China ; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009 China ; Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Yewen Zuo
- Department of Swine Infectious Disease, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241 China
| | - Zhongze Wang
- Department of Swine Infectious Disease, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241 China
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Swine Infectious Disease, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241 China ; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009 China
| | - En-Min Zhou
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Tongling Shan
- Department of Swine Infectious Disease, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241 China ; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009 China
| | - Guangzhi Tong
- Department of Swine Infectious Disease, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241 China ; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009 China
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Ferragut F, Vega CG, Mauroy A, Conceição-Neto N, Zeller M, Heylen E, Uriarte EL, Bilbao G, Bok M, Matthijnssens J, Thiry E, Badaracco A, Parreño V. Molecular detection of bovine Noroviruses in Argentinean dairy calves: Circulation of a tentative new genotype. Infect Genet Evol 2016; 40:144-150. [PMID: 26940636 PMCID: PMC7185671 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Bovine noroviruses are enteric pathogens detected in fecal samples of both diarrheic and non-diarrheic calves from several countries worldwide. However, epidemiological information regarding bovine noroviruses is still lacking for many important cattle producing countries from South America. In this study, three bovine norovirus genogroup III sequences were determined by conventional RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing in feces from diarrheic dairy calves from Argentina (B4836, B4848, and B4881, all collected in 2012). Phylogenetic studies based on a partial coding region for the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp, 503 nucleotides) of these three samples suggested that two of them (B4836 and B4881) belong to genotype 2 (GIII.2) while the third one (B4848) was more closely related to genotype 1 (GIII.1) strains. By deep sequencing, the capsid region from two of these strains could be determined. This confirmed the circulation of genotype 1 (B4848) together with the presence of another sequence (B4881) sharing its highest genetic relatedness with genotype 1, but sufficiently distant to constitute a new genotype. This latter strain was shown in silico to be a recombinant: phylogenetic divergence was detected between its RNA-dependent RNA polymerase coding sequence (genotype GIII.2) and its capsid protein coding sequence (genotype GIII.1 or a potential norovirus genotype). According to this data, this strain could be the second genotype GIII.2_GIII.1 bovine norovirus recombinant described in literature worldwide. Further analysis suggested that this strain could even be a potential norovirus GIII genotype, tentatively named GIII.4. The data provides important epidemiological and evolutionary information on bovine noroviruses circulating in South America. Molecular prevalence of bovine Noroviruses in Argentina is reported. Newborn calves positive to Norovirus presented diarrhea. Phylogenetic inferences of the strains detected were performed and genotype–genogroups were determined for each strain. A tentative new genotype is reported. This is the first report of bovine Noroviruses from Argentina, one of the main meat and dairy farming countries worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Ferragut
- Enteric Viruses Section, Virology Institute, Veterinary and Agronomic Research Centre, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Castelar CC25 (CP 1712), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Celina G Vega
- Enteric Viruses Section, Virology Institute, Veterinary and Agronomic Research Centre, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Castelar CC25 (CP 1712), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Axel Mauroy
- Veterinary Virology and Animal Viral Diseases, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège B-4000, Belgium
| | - Nádia Conceição-Neto
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Viral Metagenomics, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mark Zeller
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Viral Metagenomics, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth Heylen
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Viral Metagenomics, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Enrique Louge Uriarte
- Animal Health Section, Animal Production Area, EEA INTA Balcarce, Balcarce CP 7620, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gladys Bilbao
- Veterinary College, UNCPBA, Tandil CP 7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marina Bok
- Enteric Viruses Section, Virology Institute, Veterinary and Agronomic Research Centre, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Castelar CC25 (CP 1712), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jelle Matthijnssens
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Viral Metagenomics, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Etienne Thiry
- Veterinary Virology and Animal Viral Diseases, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège B-4000, Belgium
| | - Alejandra Badaracco
- Enteric Viruses Section, Virology Institute, Veterinary and Agronomic Research Centre, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Castelar CC25 (CP 1712), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Viviana Parreño
- Enteric Viruses Section, Virology Institute, Veterinary and Agronomic Research Centre, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Castelar CC25 (CP 1712), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Di Felice E, Mauroy A, Pozzo FD, Thiry D, Ceci C, Di Martino B, Marsilio F, Thiry E. Bovine noroviruses: A missing component of calf diarrhoea diagnosis. Vet J 2015; 207:53-62. [PMID: 26631944 PMCID: PMC7110452 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Noroviruses are RNA viruses that belong to the Genus Norovirus, Family Caliciviridae, and infect human beings and several animal species, including cattle. Bovine norovirus infections have been detected in cattle of a range of different ages throughout the world. Currently there is no suitable cell culture system for these viruses and information on their pathogenesis is limited. Molecular and serological tests have been developed, but are complicated by the high genetic and antigenic diversity of bovine noroviruses. Bovine noroviruses can be detected frequently in faecal samples of diarrhoeic calves, either alone or in association with other common enteric pathogens, suggesting a role for these viruses in the aetiology of calf enteritis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Axel Mauroy
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Fundamental and Applied Research on Animal and Health Center, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Fabiana Dal Pozzo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Fundamental and Applied Research on Animal and Health Center, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Damien Thiry
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Fundamental and Applied Research on Animal and Health Center, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Chiara Ceci
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli studi di Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Barbara Di Martino
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli studi di Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Fulvio Marsilio
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli studi di Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Etienne Thiry
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Fundamental and Applied Research on Animal and Health Center, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
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15
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Liu X, Oka T, Wang Q. Genomic characterization of a US porcine kobuvirus strain. Arch Microbiol 2015; 197:1033-40. [PMID: 26316163 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-015-1139-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Porcine kobuvirus has been detected from pig fecal samples in the USA, but there is still no information on the full-length genomes. In this study, we characterized the first complete genomic sequence of a US porcine kobuvirus strain OH/RV50/2011. The viral genome is 8123 nucleotides (nt) long, including a 576-nt 5'-untranslated region (UTR), a 7380-nt polyprotein encoding sequence, and a 167-nt 3'-UTR. A complete genome sequence alignment suggested that two types of porcine kobuviruses were found based on whether a 30-aa deletion existed in the 2B encoding region. Furthermore, several conserved motifs that can be used for the design of universal kobuvirus or porcine kobuvirus-specific primers were verified in non-structural protein genes. Phylogenetic analysis based on the complete genome sequence showed that RV50 was grouped with other porcine kobuviruses and more closely related to Chinese strains. Secondary structure analysis of the 5'-UTR showed that RV50 has three stem-loop domains in the first 108 nt and has a potential hepacivirus-/pestivirus-like type IV group-B-like internal ribosomal entry site, like the porcine kobuvirus prototype strain S-1. Codon usage analysis showed that the most preferred usage tends to be C or U at the end of a codon in a porcine kobuvirus genome. These results will be useful in understanding the evolution of porcine kobuviruses .
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinsheng Liu
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA,
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Losurdo M, Mari V, Lucente MS, Colaianni ML, Padalino I, Cavaliere N, Buonavoglia C, Decaro N. Development of a TaqMan assay for sensitive detection of all pestiviruses infecting cattle, including the emerging HoBi-like strains. J Virol Methods 2015; 224:77-82. [PMID: 26300370 PMCID: PMC7113749 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2015.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A real-time RT-PCR assay based on the TaqMan technology was developed for rapid and sensitive detection of pestiviruses infecting cattle, i.e., bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) 1, BVDV-2, and the emerging HoBi-like pestiviruses. The assay was linear and reproducible, being able to detect as few as 10 copies of viral RNA. By real-time RT-PCR analysis of 986 biological samples collected from cattle herd with clinical signs suggestive of pestivirus infection and from animals recruited in a pestivirus surveillance programme, 165 pestivirus positive samples were detected, including 6 specimens, 2 nasal swabs, and 4 EDTA-blood samples, that tested negative by a gel-based RT-PCR assay targeting the 5'UTR. The developed TaqMan assay represents a new reliable and effective tool for rapid and sensitive diagnosis of infections caused by all pestiviruses circulating in cattle, thus being useful for extensive surveillance programs in geographic areas where HoBi-like pestiviruses are co-circulating with BVDV-1 and BVDV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Losurdo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Viviana Mari
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Stella Lucente
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Loredana Colaianni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata, via Manfredonia 20, 71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - Iolanda Padalino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata, via Manfredonia 20, 71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - Nicola Cavaliere
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata, via Manfredonia 20, 71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - Canio Buonavoglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy; Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata, via Manfredonia 20, 71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy.
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17
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Di Martino B, Di Profio F, Melegari I, Di Felice E, Robetto S, Guidetti C, Orusa R, Martella V, Marsilio F. Molecular detection of kobuviruses in European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in Italy. Arch Virol 2015; 160:2083-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-015-2464-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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18
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Pankovics P, Boros Á, Kiss T, Reuter G. Identification and complete genome analysis of kobuvirus in faecal samples of European roller (Coracias garrulus): for the first time in a bird. Arch Virol 2014; 160:345-51. [PMID: 25195063 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-014-2228-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The genus Kobuvirus (Picornaviridae) consists of three species, Aichivirus A (e.g., Aichi virus, which infects humans), Aichivirus B and Aichivirus C. Kobuvirus have not been detected in non-mammal species including birds. In this study, a novel kobuvirus was identified in 3 (17 %) out of 18 faecal samples collected from European rollers (Coracias garrulus) in Hungary. The complete genome sequence of strain SZAL6-KoV/2011/HUN (KJ934637), which was determined using a novel 5'/3' RACE method (dsRNA-RACE) involving a double-stranded (ds)RNA intermediate, has a type-V IRES at the 5' end and a cis-acting element (CRE) in the 3C gene and encodes L and 2A(H-box/NC) proteins, but it does not contain the sequence forming a "barbell-like" secondary RNA structure in the 3'UTR. SZAL6-KoV/2011/HUN has 72 %, 73 %, and 81 % amino acid sequence identity to the P1, P2, and P3 protein, respectively, of Aichi virus. Evolutionary analysis showed that SZAL6-KoV/2011/HUN shares a common ancestor with other kobuviruses but belongs to a more ancient lineage in the species Aichivirus A. Investigation of the known kobuviruses in different animals and discovery of novel kobuviruses in potential host species helps to clarify the evolutionary connection and zoonotic potential of kobuviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Pankovics
- Regional Laboratory of Virology, National Reference Laboratory of Gastroenteric Viruses, ÁNTSZ Regional Institute of State Public Health Service, Szabadság út 7, 7623, Pécs, Hungary
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