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Vega CG, Garaicoechea LL, Degiuseppe JI, Bok M, Rivolta AA, Piantanida AP, Asenzo G, Adúriz Guerrero M, Wigdorovitz A, Stupka JA, Parreño V. ROTADIAL: The first nanobody-based immunoassay to detect Group A Rotavirus. J Virol Methods 2021; 298:114279. [PMID: 34499967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2021.114279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
ROTADIAL is a rapid nanobody (Nb)-based ELISA assay able to identify Rotavirus group A (RVA) in feces from pediatric patients. The assay is based on a sandwich of two patented llama-derived Nbs directed to the inner capsid viral protein VP6 from RVA. Nbs are directed to conformational epitopes of VP6 and recognized all human RVA strains tested, representing ideal reagents for their use in immunodiagnostic tests for RVA detection. All the steps are carried out at room temperature, bringing results in less than two hours. This assay, named ROTADIAL, was validated with a reference panel of feces from pediatric patients from Argentina. The overall sensitivity and specificity of the ROTADIAL test, when compared to a commercial test, was 100 % (100/100) and 99 % (99/100) respectively. ROTADIAL presented optimal analytical performance, being capable of detecting RVA regardless of the presence of other common human enteric infectious agents and is the first RVA-diagnostic assay developed using Nbs, worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Vega
- Incuinta, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INTA), Argentina; IVIT, CONICET, Argentina.
| | - L L Garaicoechea
- Incuinta, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INTA), Argentina
| | - J I Degiuseppe
- Argentine Reference Laboratory for Rotavirus and Norovirus of the INEI-ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán" (INEI-ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán"), Argentina
| | - M Bok
- Incuinta, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INTA), Argentina; IVIT, CONICET, Argentina
| | - A A Rivolta
- Incuinta, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INTA), Argentina
| | - A P Piantanida
- Incuinta, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INTA), Argentina
| | - G Asenzo
- Incuinta, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INTA), Argentina; IVIT, CONICET, Argentina
| | - M Adúriz Guerrero
- Incuinta, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INTA), Argentina; IVIT, CONICET, Argentina
| | - A Wigdorovitz
- Incuinta, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INTA), Argentina; IVIT, CONICET, Argentina
| | - J A Stupka
- Argentine Reference Laboratory for Rotavirus and Norovirus of the INEI-ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán" (INEI-ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán"), Argentina
| | - V Parreño
- Incuinta, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INTA), Argentina; IVIT, CONICET, Argentina
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Bok M, Alassia M, Frank F, Vega CG, Wigdorovitz A, Parreño V. Passive immunity to control Bovine coronavirus diarrhea in a dairy herd in Argentina. Rev Argent Microbiol 2017; 50:23-30. [PMID: 28893529 PMCID: PMC7116951 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is a viral enteric pathogen associated with calf diarrhea worldwide being, in Argentina, mostly detected in dairy husbandry systems. The aim of the present work was to study if maternal IgG1 antibodies (Abs) to BCoV acquired by colostrum intake modulate the development of BCoV infection in calves reared in a dairy farm in Argentina. Thirty Holstein calves were monitored during their first 60 days of age. Animals were classified into two groups depending on their initial BCoV IgG1 Ab titers. The “failure of passive transfer” (FPT) group had significantly lower IgG1 Abs to BCoV than the “acceptable passive transfer” (APT) group of calves (log10 1.98 vs. 3.38 respectively) (p < 0.0001). These differences were also observed when the total protein levels in both groups were compared (p = 0.0081). Moreover, 71% (5/7) of calves from the FPT group showed IgG1 seroconversion to BCoV compared to 29.4% (5/17) of animals from the APT group. Regarding viral circulation, BCoV was detected in 10% (3/30) of all calves and BCoV IgG1 Ab seroconversion was detected in 42% of the total animals showing that almost half of the calves were infected with BCoV. In conclusion, calves with high titers of specific BCoV IgG1 (≥1024) were mostly protected against viral infection, while animals with low titers of IgG1 (<1024) were mostly infected with BCoV. IgG1 Abs from colostrum origin are critical for prevention of BCoV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Bok
- Instituto de Virología, CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Los Reseros y Nicolás Repetto S/N, Castelar, 1712 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín Alassia
- Departamento de Producción Lechera, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Kreder 2805, 3080 Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Flavia Frank
- AproAgro S.A., Juan V.B. Mitri 55, S2322EGA, Sunchales, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Celina G Vega
- Instituto de Virología, CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Los Reseros y Nicolás Repetto S/N, Castelar, 1712 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrés Wigdorovitz
- Instituto de Virología, CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Los Reseros y Nicolás Repetto S/N, Castelar, 1712 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Viviana Parreño
- Instituto de Virología, CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Los Reseros y Nicolás Repetto S/N, Castelar, 1712 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Maffey L, Vega CG, Miño S, Garaicoechea L, Parreño V. Anti-VP6 VHH: An Experimental Treatment for Rotavirus A-Associated Disease. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162351. [PMID: 27603013 PMCID: PMC5014449 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Species A Rotaviruses (RVA) remain a leading cause of mortality in children under 5 years of age. Current treatment options are limited. We assessed the efficacy of two VP6-specific llama-derived heavy chain antibody fragments (VHH) -2KD1 and 3B2- as an oral prophylactic and therapeutic treatment against RVA-induced diarrhea in a neonatal mouse model inoculated with virulent murine RVA (ECw, G16P[16]I7). Joint therapeutic administration of 2KD1+3B2 (200 μg/dose) successfully reduced diarrhea duration, RVA infection severity and virus shedding in feces. While the same dose of 2KD1 or 3B2 (200 μg) significantly reduced duration of RVA-induced diarrhea, 2KD1 was more effective in diminishing the severity of intestinal infection and RVA shedding in feces, perhaps because 2KD1 presented higher binding affinity for RVA particles than 3B2. Neither prophylactic nor therapeutic administration of the VHH interfered with the host's humoral immune response against RVA. When 2KD1 (200 μg) was administered after diarrhea development, it also significantly reduced RVA intestinal infection and fecal shedding. Host antibody responses against the oral VHH treatment were not detected, nor did viral escape mutants. Our findings show that oral administration of anti-VP6 VHH constitute, not only an effective prophylactic treatment against RVA-associated diarrhea, but also a safe therapeutic tool against RVA infection, even once diarrhea is present. Anti-VP6 VHH could be used complementary to ongoing vaccination, especially in populations that have shown lower immunization efficacy. These VHH could also be scaled-up to develop pediatric medication or functional food like infant milk formulas that might help treat RVA diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Maffey
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, INTA Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Celina G. Vega
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, INTA Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Samuel Miño
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, INTA Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lorena Garaicoechea
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, INTA Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Viviana Parreño
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, INTA Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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Ferragut F, Vega CG, Mauroy A, Conceição-Neto N, Zeller M, Heylen E, Uriarte EL, Bilbao G, Bok M, Matthijnssens J, Thiry E, Badaracco A, Parreño V. Molecular detection of bovine Noroviruses in Argentinean dairy calves: Circulation of a tentative new genotype. Infect Genet Evol 2016; 40:144-150. [PMID: 26940636 PMCID: PMC7185671 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Bovine noroviruses are enteric pathogens detected in fecal samples of both diarrheic and non-diarrheic calves from several countries worldwide. However, epidemiological information regarding bovine noroviruses is still lacking for many important cattle producing countries from South America. In this study, three bovine norovirus genogroup III sequences were determined by conventional RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing in feces from diarrheic dairy calves from Argentina (B4836, B4848, and B4881, all collected in 2012). Phylogenetic studies based on a partial coding region for the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp, 503 nucleotides) of these three samples suggested that two of them (B4836 and B4881) belong to genotype 2 (GIII.2) while the third one (B4848) was more closely related to genotype 1 (GIII.1) strains. By deep sequencing, the capsid region from two of these strains could be determined. This confirmed the circulation of genotype 1 (B4848) together with the presence of another sequence (B4881) sharing its highest genetic relatedness with genotype 1, but sufficiently distant to constitute a new genotype. This latter strain was shown in silico to be a recombinant: phylogenetic divergence was detected between its RNA-dependent RNA polymerase coding sequence (genotype GIII.2) and its capsid protein coding sequence (genotype GIII.1 or a potential norovirus genotype). According to this data, this strain could be the second genotype GIII.2_GIII.1 bovine norovirus recombinant described in literature worldwide. Further analysis suggested that this strain could even be a potential norovirus GIII genotype, tentatively named GIII.4. The data provides important epidemiological and evolutionary information on bovine noroviruses circulating in South America. Molecular prevalence of bovine Noroviruses in Argentina is reported. Newborn calves positive to Norovirus presented diarrhea. Phylogenetic inferences of the strains detected were performed and genotype–genogroups were determined for each strain. A tentative new genotype is reported. This is the first report of bovine Noroviruses from Argentina, one of the main meat and dairy farming countries worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Ferragut
- Enteric Viruses Section, Virology Institute, Veterinary and Agronomic Research Centre, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Castelar CC25 (CP 1712), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Celina G Vega
- Enteric Viruses Section, Virology Institute, Veterinary and Agronomic Research Centre, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Castelar CC25 (CP 1712), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Axel Mauroy
- Veterinary Virology and Animal Viral Diseases, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège B-4000, Belgium
| | - Nádia Conceição-Neto
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Viral Metagenomics, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mark Zeller
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Viral Metagenomics, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth Heylen
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Viral Metagenomics, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Enrique Louge Uriarte
- Animal Health Section, Animal Production Area, EEA INTA Balcarce, Balcarce CP 7620, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gladys Bilbao
- Veterinary College, UNCPBA, Tandil CP 7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marina Bok
- Enteric Viruses Section, Virology Institute, Veterinary and Agronomic Research Centre, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Castelar CC25 (CP 1712), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jelle Matthijnssens
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Viral Metagenomics, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Etienne Thiry
- Veterinary Virology and Animal Viral Diseases, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège B-4000, Belgium
| | - Alejandra Badaracco
- Enteric Viruses Section, Virology Institute, Veterinary and Agronomic Research Centre, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Castelar CC25 (CP 1712), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Viviana Parreño
- Enteric Viruses Section, Virology Institute, Veterinary and Agronomic Research Centre, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Castelar CC25 (CP 1712), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Vega CG, Bok M, Vlasova AN, Chattha KS, Gómez-Sebastián S, Nuñez C, Alvarado C, Lasa R, Escribano JM, Garaicoechea LL, Fernandez F, Bok K, Wigdorovitz A, Saif LJ, Parreño V. Recombinant monovalent llama-derived antibody fragments (VHH) to rotavirus VP6 protect neonatal gnotobiotic piglets against human rotavirus-induced diarrhea. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003334. [PMID: 23658521 PMCID: PMC3642062 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Group A Rotavirus (RVA) is the leading cause of severe diarrhea in children. The aims of the present study were to determine the neutralizing activity of VP6-specific llama-derived single domain nanoantibodies (VHH nanoAbs) against different RVA strains in vitro and to evaluate the ability of G6P[1] VP6-specific llama-derived single domain nanoantibodies (VHH) to protect against human rotavirus in gnotobiotic (Gn) piglets experimentally inoculated with virulent Wa G1P[8] rotavirus. Supplementation of the daily milk diet with 3B2 VHH clone produced using a baculovirus vector expression system (final ELISA antibody -Ab- titer of 4096; virus neutralization -VN- titer of 256) for 9 days conferred full protection against rotavirus associated diarrhea and significantly reduced virus shedding. The administration of comparable levels of porcine IgG Abs only protected 4 out of 6 of the animals from human RVA diarrhea but significantly reduced virus shedding. In contrast, G6P[1]-VP6 rotavirus-specific IgY Abs purified from eggs of hyperimmunized hens failed to protect piglets against human RVA-induced diarrhea or virus shedding when administering similar quantities of Abs. The oral administration of VHH nanoAb neither interfered with the host's isotype profiles of the Ab secreting cell responses to rotavirus, nor induced detectable host Ab responses to the treatment in serum or intestinal contents. This study shows that the oral administration of rotavirus VP6-VHH nanoAb is a broadly reactive and effective treatment against rotavirus-induced diarrhea in neonatal pigs. Our findings highlight the potential value of a broad neutralizing VP6-specific VHH nanoAb as a treatment that can complement or be used as an alternative to the current strain-specific RVA vaccines. Nanobodies could also be scaled-up to develop pediatric medication or functional food like infant milk formulas that might help treat RVA diarrhea. Group A rotavirus (RVA) is the most common cause of severe diarrhea in human infants worldwide. Live-attenuated rotavirus vaccines are available to prevent rotavirus diarrhea in children, although their efficacy in impoverished areas has been questioned, in addition to not being suitable for children suffering from immune deficiencies. Since no rotavirus-specific treatments are available as an alternative, we investigated llama-derived single-chain antibody fragments (VHH) as preventive therapy and a potential treatment option. Gnotobiotic piglets were chosen as an animal model because their gastrointestinal physiology and mucosal immune system resemble that of human infants. We evaluated the broad neutralizing activity of a VHH clone (3B2) to different genotypes of RVA circulating in humans, and tested the efficacy of oral administration of 3B2 VHH as a functional milk to prevent the diarrhea induced by one of the most prevalent human RVA strains (G1P[8]). Supplementation of the milk diet with 3B2 twice a day for 9 days conferred full protection against rotavirus-associated diarrhea and significantly reduced virus shedding in gnotobiotic piglets experimentally inoculated with a human RVA. This study demonstrates the potential application of VHH to prevent rotavirus-induced diarrhea, and suggests that VHHs should be further investigated as a suitable treatment for gastroenteritis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/genetics
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/genetics
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Viral/genetics
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/pharmacology
- Antigens, Viral/genetics
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Camelids, New World
- Capsid Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Capsid Proteins/genetics
- Capsid Proteins/immunology
- Diarrhea/drug therapy
- Diarrhea/genetics
- Diarrhea/immunology
- Diarrhea/virology
- Humans
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/immunology
- Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology
- Rotavirus/genetics
- Rotavirus/immunology
- Rotavirus Infections/drug therapy
- Rotavirus Infections/genetics
- Rotavirus Infections/immunology
- Rotavirus Infections/virology
- Swine
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Affiliation(s)
- Celina G. Vega
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, INTA Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marina Bok
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, INTA Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Anastasia N. Vlasova
- Food Animal Health Research Program, The Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Veterinary Preventive Medicine Department, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kuldeep S. Chattha
- Food Animal Health Research Program, The Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Veterinary Preventive Medicine Department, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Silvia Gómez-Sebastián
- Alternative Gene Expression S.L. (ALGENEX), Centro Empresarial, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Nuñez
- Alternative Gene Expression S.L. (ALGENEX), Centro Empresarial, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Alvarado
- Alternative Gene Expression S.L. (ALGENEX), Centro Empresarial, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Lasa
- Alternative Gene Expression S.L. (ALGENEX), Centro Empresarial, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M. Escribano
- Departamento de Biotecnología. Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorena L. Garaicoechea
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, INTA Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando Fernandez
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, INTA Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karin Bok
- Caliciviruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Andrés Wigdorovitz
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, INTA Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Linda J. Saif
- Food Animal Health Research Program, The Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Veterinary Preventive Medicine Department, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (LJS); (VP)
| | - Viviana Parreño
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, INTA Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail: (LJS); (VP)
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Vega CG, Bok M, Vlasova AN, Chattha KS, Fernández FM, Wigdorovitz A, Parreño VG, Saif LJ. IgY antibodies protect against human Rotavirus induced diarrhea in the neonatal gnotobiotic piglet disease model. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42788. [PMID: 22880110 PMCID: PMC3411843 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Group A Rotaviruses are the most common cause of severe, dehydrating diarrhea in children worldwide. The aim of the present work was to evaluate protection against rotavirus (RV) diarrhea conferred by the prophylactic administration of specific IgY antibodies (Ab) to gnotobiotic piglets experimentally inoculated with virulent Wa G1P[8] human rotavirus (HRV). Chicken egg yolk IgY Ab generated from Wa HRV hyperimmunized hens specifically recognized (ELISA) and neutralized Wa HRV in vitro. Supplementation of the RV Ab free cow milk diet with Wa HRV-specific egg yolk IgY Ab at a final ELISA Ab titer of 4096 (virus neutralization –VN- titer = 256) for 9 days conferred full protection against Wa HRV associated diarrhea and significantly reduced virus shedding. This protection was dose-dependent. The oral administration of semi-purified passive IgY Abs from chickens did not affect the isotype profile of the pig Ab secreting cell (ASC) responses to Wa HRV infection, but it was associated with significantly fewer numbers of HRV–specific IgA ASC in the duodenum. We further analyzed the pigś immune responses to the passive IgY treatment. The oral administration of IgY Abs induced IgG Ab responses to chicken IgY in serum and local IgA and IgG Ab responses to IgY in the intestinal contents of neonatal piglets in a dose dependent manner. To our knowledge, this is the first study to show that IgY Abs administered orally as a milk supplement passively protect neonatal pigs against an enteric viral pathogen (HRV). Piglets are an animal model with a gastrointestinal physiology and an immune system that closely mimic human infants. This strategy can be scaled-up to inexpensively produce large amounts of polyclonal IgY Abs from egg yolks to be applied as a preventive and therapeutic passive Ab treatment to control RV diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celina G. Vega
- Instituto de Virología, CICV y A - INTA Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marina Bok
- Instituto de Virología, CICV y A - INTA Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Anastasia N. Vlasova
- Food Animal Health Research Program (FAHRP), Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Veterinary Preventive Medicine Department, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kuldeep S. Chattha
- Food Animal Health Research Program (FAHRP), Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Veterinary Preventive Medicine Department, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, United States of America
| | | | - Andrés Wigdorovitz
- Instituto de Virología, CICV y A - INTA Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Viviana G. Parreño
- Instituto de Virología, CICV y A - INTA Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail: (VP); (LJS)
| | - Linda J. Saif
- Food Animal Health Research Program (FAHRP), Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Veterinary Preventive Medicine Department, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (VP); (LJS)
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