1
|
Zhang TY, Chen YQ, Tan JC, Zhou JA, Chen WN, Jiang T, Zha JY, Zeng XK, Li BW, Wei LQ, Zou Y, Zhang LY, Hong YM, Wang XL, Zhu RZ, Xu WX, Xi J, Wang QQ, Pan L, Zhang J, Luan Y, Zhu RX, Wang H, Chen C, Liu NN. Global fungal-host interactome mapping identifies host targets of candidalysin. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1757. [PMID: 38413612 PMCID: PMC10899660 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46141-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Candidalysin, a cytolytic peptide toxin secreted by the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans, is critical for fungal pathogenesis. Yet, its intracellular targets have not been extensively mapped. Here, we performed a high-throughput enhanced yeast two-hybrid (HT-eY2H) screen to map the interactome of all eight Ece1 peptides with their direct human protein targets and identified a list of potential interacting proteins, some of which were shared between the peptides. CCNH, a regulatory subunit of the CDK-activating kinase (CAK) complex involved in DNA damage repair, was identified as one of the host targets of candidalysin. Mechanistic studies revealed that candidalysin triggers a significantly increased double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs), as evidenced by the formation of γ-H2AX foci and colocalization of CCNH and γ-H2AX. Importantly, candidalysin binds directly to CCNH to activate CAK to inhibit DNA damage repair pathway. Loss of CCNH alleviates DSBs formation under candidalysin treatment. Depletion of candidalysin-encoding gene fails to induce DSBs and stimulates CCNH upregulation in a murine model of oropharyngeal candidiasis. Collectively, our study reveals that a secreted fungal toxin acts to hijack the canonical DNA damage repair pathway by targeting CCNH and to promote fungal infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yao-Qi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jing-Cong Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jin-An Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Wan-Ning Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Jiang
- The Center for Microbes, Development, and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Unit of Pathogenic Fungal Infection & Host Immunity, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jin-Yin Zha
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiang-Kang Zeng
- The Center for Microbes, Development, and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo-Wen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Lu-Qi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yun Zou
- The Center for Microbes, Development, and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Unit of Pathogenic Fungal Infection & Host Immunity, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Lu-Yao Zhang
- The Center for Microbes, Development, and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Unit of Pathogenic Fungal Infection & Host Immunity, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yue-Mei Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiu-Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Run-Ze Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Wan-Xing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jing Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Qin-Qin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Lei Pan
- The Center for Microbes, Development, and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yang Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Rui-Xin Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Changbin Chen
- The Center for Microbes, Development, and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Unit of Pathogenic Fungal Infection & Host Immunity, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Ning-Ning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shi Y, Wang M, Liu D, Ullah S, Ma X, Yang H, Liu B. Super-enhancers in esophageal carcinoma: Transcriptional addictions and therapeutic strategies. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1036648. [DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1036648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumorigenesis of esophageal carcinoma arises from transcriptional dysregulation would become exceptionally dependent on specific regulators of gene expression, which could be preferentially attributed to the larger non-coding cis-regulatory elements, i.e. super-enhancers (SEs). SEs, large genomic regulatory entity in close genomic proximity, are underpinned by control cancer cell identity. As a consequence, the transcriptional addictions driven by SEs could offer an Achilles’ heel for molecular treatments on patients of esophageal carcinoma and other types of cancer as well. In this review, we summarize the recent findings about the oncogenic SEs upon which esophageal cancer cells depend, and discuss why SEs could be seen as the hallmark of cancer, how transcriptional dependencies driven by SEs, and what opportunities could be supplied based on this cancer-specific SEs.
Collapse
|
3
|
Kuempers C, Jagomast T, Heidel C, Paulsen FO, Bohnet S, Schierholz S, Dreyer E, Kirfel J, Perner S. CDK7 is a prognostic biomarker for non-small cell lung cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:927140. [PMID: 36212402 PMCID: PMC9540232 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.927140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains the leading cause of cancer-related death globally despite promising progress of personalized therapy approaches. Cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (CDK7) is a kinase involved in transcription, overexpressed in a broad spectrum of cancer types and found to be associated with an unfavourable prognosis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the protein expression of CDK7 in a large cohort of NSCLC incorporating adenocarcinomas (adNSCLC) and squamous cell carcinomas (sqNSCLC) and to correlate its expression with clinicopathological data. Methods We performed immunohistochemical staining of CDK7 on our cohort of NSCLC including 258 adNSCLC and 101 sqNSCLC and measured protein expression via a semi-automated read out. According to the median value of CDK7 the cohort was stratified in a CDK7 high and low expressing group, respectively, and results were correlated with clinico-pathological data. Results CDK7 was significantly higher expressed in sqNSCLC than in adNSCLC. In the group of sqNSCLC, CDK7 expression was significantly higher in sqNSCLC with lymph node metastases than in sqNSCLC with N0 stage. We found a significantly worse overall survival and disease-free survival for patients with CDK7 high expressing NSCLC. Conclusion Since a high CDK7 expression seems to be linked with a poor prognosis it might serve as a promising novel prognostic biomarker and its assessment could be implied in future routine diagnostic workup of NSCLC samples. Considering that CDK7 inhibitors are currently tested in several trials for advanced solid malignancies, it may also be a new target for future anti-cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Kuempers
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, Germany
- *Correspondence: Christiane Kuempers,
| | - Tobias Jagomast
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Carsten Heidel
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, Germany
- Department of Surgery, Schoen Klinik Neustadt, Holstein, Germany
| | - Finn-Ole Paulsen
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, Germany
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Division of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Bohnet
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Stefanie Schierholz
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Eva Dreyer
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Jutta Kirfel
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Sven Perner
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, Germany
- Pathology, Research Center Borstel-Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Department Borstel, Borstel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jagomast T, Idel C, Klapper L, Kuppler P, Offermann A, Dreyer E, Bruchhage K, Ribbat-idel J, Perner S. CDK7 Predicts Worse Outcome in Head and Neck Squamous-Cell Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:492. [PMID: 35158760 PMCID: PMC8833595 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
HNSCC is the sixth most common cancer worldwide and the prognosis is still poor. Here, we investigated the prognostic implications of CDK7 and pMED1. Both proteins affect transcription, and their expression is altered throughout different tumor entities. pMED1 is phosphorylated by CDK7. Importantly, CDK7 and MED1 have been ascribed prognostic implications by various studies. However, their prognostic value in head and neck squamous-cell cancer (HNSCC) remains elusive. We applied immunohistochemical staining of CDK7 and pMED1 on our large and clinically well-characterized HNSCC tissue cohort comprising 419 patients. Software-aided quantification of staining intensity was performed as a measure of protein expression. The following results were linked to the clinicopathological features of our cohort and correlated in different tissue types (primary tumor, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, recurrence). Upregulation CDK7 was associated with worse 5-year overall survival as well as disease-free survival in HNSCC while being independent of other known prognostic factors such as p16-status. Also, CDK7 expression was significantly elevated in immune cell infiltrated tumors. In HNSCC CDK7 might serve as a novel prognostic marker to indicate the prognosis of patients. Furthermore, in vitro studies proved the feasibility of CDK7 inhibition with attenuating effects on cell proliferation underlining its remarkable translational potential for future therapeutic regimes.
Collapse
|
5
|
Zeng H, Yang H, Song Y, Fang D, Chen L, Zhao Z, Wang C, Xie S. Transcriptional inhibition by CDK7/9 inhibitor SNS-032 suppresses tumor growth and metastasis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:1048. [PMID: 34741018 PMCID: PMC8571299 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04344-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is one of most lethal causes that confer a poor prognosis of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), whereas there is no available target drug for metastatic ESCC currently. In this study, we aimed to determine whether the transcriptional inhibition by CDK7/9 inhibitor SNS-032 is activity against ESCC. MTT and soft agar assays were performed to examine the influence of SNS-032 on ESCC growth in vitro. Tumor xenograft in nude mice was used to assess the antitumor activity of SNS-032 in vivo. The roles of SNS-032 in ESCC metastasis were conducted by wound healing and transwell assays in vitro, and by a lung and a popliteal lymph node metastasis model in vivo. The results showed that CDK7 and CDK9 were highly expressed in ESCC cells; SNS-032 effectively inhibited cellular viability, abrogated anchorage-independent growth, and potentiated the sensitivity to cisplatin in ESCC cells in vitro and in vivo. In addition, SNS-032 induced a mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis of ESCC cells by reducing Mcl-1 transcription. SNS-032 also potently abrogated the abilities of ESCC cell migration and invasion through transcriptional downregulation of MMP-1. Importantly, SNS-032 remarkably inhibited the growth of ESCC xenograft, increased the overall survival, as well as diminished the lung and lymph node metastasis in nude mice. Taken together, our findings highlight that the CDK7/9 inhibitor SNS-032 is a promising therapeutic agent, and warrants a clinical trial for its efficacy in ESCC patients, even those with metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huishan Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Avenue, 475004, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Huiru Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Avenue, 475004, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Yifan Song
- The Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, N. Jinming Avenue, 475004, Kaifeng, China
| | - Dong Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Avenue, 475004, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Liang Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, N. Jinming Avenue, 475004, Kaifeng, China.
| | - Zhijun Zhao
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Luohe Medical College, 462000, Luohe, China
| | - Chaojie Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, N. Jinming Avenue, 475004, Kaifeng, China.
| | - Songqiang Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Avenue, 475004, Kaifeng, Henan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mao L, Ling X, Chen J. Cyclin H Regulates Lung Cancer Progression as a Carcinoma Inducer. Comput Math Methods Med 2021; 2021:6646077. [PMID: 33777168 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6646077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Studies have previously shown that Cyclin H (CCNH) is involved in the tumorigenesis and development of many cancers. The increasing research in CCNH is associated with the poor prognosis of most human cancers. Early diagnosis and clinical treatment are still the main challenges for lung cancer treatment. However, the exact role of CCNH in the tumorigenesis of lung cancer remains unclear. Methods The Tumor Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and the Clinical Proteomics Tumor Analysis Association (CPTAC) database were analyzed to detect key genes that might play an important role in lung cancer. The biological functions of CCNH were further revealed through bioinformatics experiments. The Kaplan-Meier method was applied to explore the relationship between CCNH expression and prognosis. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression levels of CCNH in 6 lung cancer tissues and 3 cancer cell lines. The effect of CCNH expression on lung cancer progression was studied by in vitro functional experiments. Results Database analysis screened out candidate oncogenes, and CCNH was of great significance to the tumorigenesis of lung cancer. The higher the expression of CCNH was, the lower the survival rate of lung cancer patients were. The qRT-PCR data illustrated that the CCNH expression level was largely increased in lung cancer tissues and cells. The reduction of CCNH inhibited cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. Conclusion CCNH was related to poor prognosis, suggesting that CCNH regulated the tumorigenesis and development of lung cancer. Our study suggested that CCNH was a promising biomarker and target in the treatment of lung cancer.
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang J, Zhang X, Huang H, Ding Y. A review on kinases phosphorylating the carboxyl-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II-Biological functions and inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2020; 104:104318. [PMID: 33142427 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II) plays a major role in gene transcription for eukaryote. One of the major modes of regulation in eukaryotes is the phosphorylation of the carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA Pol II. The current study found that the phosphorylation of Ser2, Ser5, Ser7, Thr4 and Tyr1 among the heptapeptide repeats of CTD plays a key role in the transcription process. We therefore review the biological functions and inhibitors of kinases that phosphorylate these amino acid residues including transcriptional cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CDKs), bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4), Polo-like kinases 3 (Plk3) and Abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene 1 and 2 (c-Abl1/2).
Collapse
|
8
|
Peng C, Yang Y, Ji L, Yang P, Yang X, Zhang Y. Cyclin H predicts the poor prognosis and promotes the proliferation of ovarian cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:316. [PMID: 32694938 PMCID: PMC7364476 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01406-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cell cycle dysregulation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of malignant tumors. As a part of the CDK-activating kinase (CAK) trimeric complex, cyclin H is necessary to regulate the cell cycle and proliferation. This investigation aims to characterize the clinical significance and the biological functions of cyclin H in ovarian cancer. Methods Immunohistochemical staining was performed on 60 ovarian cancer cases, and a correlation between cyclin H expression and the clinical characteristics of ovarian cancer was analyzed. The function of cyclin H in ovarian cancer was further explored using HO8910 cells and a subcutaneous xenograft model of nude mice. Result Cyclin H was slightly expressed in grade 1 ovarian cancer but highly expressed in grade 2 and grade 3 cancerous tissues. The Spearman's rank correlation analysis showed that the expression of cyclin H is positively correlated with the tumor grade, the FIGO stage, histological grade, and the peritoneal metastasis of ovarian cancer and is also positively correlated with the Ki67 and p-CDK2 in ovarian cancer. Additionally, we found that the five-year survival rate was higher in patients expressing low cyclin H than those expressing high cyclin H. Further, knockdown of cyclin H was achieved using an shRNA in HO8910 ovarian cancer cell line. Silencing cyclin H resulted in a G1/S cell cycle arrest in ovarian cancer cells suppressing its growth. The Ki67 expression was also decreased in cyclin H silenced ovarian cancer. Conclusion These results suggest that high expression of cyclin H predicts the poor prognosis and promotes the growth of ovarian cancer by regulating the cell cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Peng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No. 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001 Jiangsu China
| | - Yansong Yang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nantong University, No. 48 Qingnianxi Road, Nantong, 226001 China
| | - Li Ji
- Clinical Medicine of Nantong University, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, 226001 China
| | - Panpan Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No. 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001 Jiangsu China
| | - Xiaoqing Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No. 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001 Jiangsu China
| | - Yuquan Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No. 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001 Jiangsu China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Background CDK14 has significant involvement in tumorigenesis of cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric carcinoma and breast cancer. In esophageal cancer, CDK14 is useful as a prognostic marker and as a predictor of response to chemotherapy. However, the exact mechanism of CDK14 n chemotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has not been explored. Methods Western blots and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis were performed to analyse the expression of CDK14 in ESCC. Co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence assays were used to explore the mechanism of CDK14 involvement in ESCC. Colony formation assays and proliferation assays were used to investigate the function of CDK14 in ESCC. At last, we constructed two truncated mutants of CDK14 by the PCR technology to research the functional structural domain. Results Western blots and IHC analysis showed that CDK14 expression was higher n tumor tissues and cell lines than that in normal tissues. IHC staining revealed that CDK14 positively correlated with clinical pathological variables of tumor size (P=0.001), tumor grade (P=0.004), Ki-67 (P=0.012) and survival (P=0.000). Immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence assays revealed that CDK-activating kinase (CAK), namely CDK7/CCNH complex physically interacted and was collocated with CDK14 in the cell nucleus. This direct interaction increased CDK14 phosphorylation and inhibited Rb function through phosphorylation. In vitro starvation and refeeding assays demonstrated that CDK14 expression was related to proliferation of ESCC cells. Overexpression of CDK14 in Eca109 cells increased colony formation and reduced sensitivity to cisplatin. Overexpressing CDK7 with CDK14 strengthened these effects, demonstrating that CDK7 was a major component in CDK14 activation. Conclusions Expression of CDK14 worsened the effects of cisplatin chemotherapy by promoting ESCC proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai 201907, China
| | - Yayun Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Wenyan Jiang
- Department of Respiratory, Nantong First People Hospital, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Runzhou Ni
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yuchan Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Sujie Ni
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chen L, Ni S, Li M, Shen C, Lin Z, Ouyang Y, Xia F, Liang L, Jiang W, Ni R, Zhang J. High Expression of BCCIP β Can Promote Proliferation of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Dig Dis Sci 2017; 62:387-395. [PMID: 27995408 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-016-4382-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND BCCIP was originally identified as a BRCA2 interacting protein in humans and Ustilago maydis. It had low expression in some human cancer tissues. However, recent research indicated that many caretaker genes are also necessary for cell viability and their expression could contribute to tumor progression. AIM To characterize whether BCCIP is a caretaker gene in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). METHODS Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to measure the expression of BCCIP β. In vitro studies were used to verify the effects of BCCIP β in Eca109 cells. RESULTS Expression of BCCIP β was notably higher in tumor tissues of ESCC and Eca 109 cells. Meanwhile, the immunohistochemistry stain revealed that BCCIP β was positively correlated with clinical pathologic variables such as tumor size and tumor grade, as well as Ki-67, and prompted poor prognosis. In vitro studies such as starvation and refeeding assay along with BCCIP β-shRNA transfection assay demonstrated that BCCIP β expression promoted proliferation of ESCC cells. In addition, BCCIP β downregulation by silencing RNA significantly decreased the rate of colony formation, alleviated cellular apoptosis and increased the chemosensitivity of cisplatin. CONCLUSIONS This research first put forward that BCCIP β is an oncogene in human ESCC and contributes to the poor outcome of the deadly disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sujie Ni
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chaoyan Shen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhipeng Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Ouyang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Xia
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Liang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenyan Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Runzhou Ni
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Patel H, Abduljabbar R, Lai CF, Periyasamy M, Harrod A, Gemma C, Steel JH, Patel N, Busonero C, Jerjees D, Remenyi J, Smith S, Gomm JJ, Magnani L, Győrffy B, Jones LJ, Fuller-Pace F, Shousha S, Buluwela L, Rakha EA, Ellis IO, Coombes RC, Ali S. Expression of CDK7, Cyclin H, and MAT1 Is Elevated in Breast Cancer and Is Prognostic in Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:5929-5938. [PMID: 27301701 PMCID: PMC5293170 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-1104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE CDK-activating kinase (CAK) is required for the regulation of the cell cycle and is a trimeric complex consisting of cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (CDK7), Cyclin H, and the accessory protein, MAT1. CDK7 also plays a critical role in regulating transcription, primarily by phosphorylating RNA polymerase II, as well as transcription factors such as estrogen receptor-α (ER). Deregulation of cell cycle and transcriptional control are general features of tumor cells, highlighting the potential for the use of CDK7 inhibitors as novel cancer therapeutics. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN mRNA and protein expression of CDK7 and its essential cofactors cyclin H and MAT1 were evaluated in breast cancer samples to determine if their levels are altered in cancer. Immunohistochemical staining of >900 breast cancers was used to determine the association with clinicopathologic features and patient outcome. RESULTS We show that expressions of CDK7, cyclin H, and MAT1 are all closely linked at the mRNA and protein level, and their expression is elevated in breast cancer compared with the normal breast tissue. Intriguingly, CDK7 expression was inversely proportional to tumor grade and size, and outcome analysis showed an association between CAK levels and better outcome. Moreover, CDK7 expression was positively associated with ER expression and in particular with phosphorylation of ER at serine 118, a site important for ER transcriptional activity. CONCLUSIONS Expressions of components of the CAK complex, CDK7, MAT1, and Cyclin H are elevated in breast cancer and correlate with ER. Like ER, CDK7 expression is inversely proportional to poor prognostic factors and survival. Clin Cancer Res; 22(23); 5929-38. ©2016 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hetal Patel
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rezvan Abduljabbar
- Department of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Chun-Fui Lai
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Manikandan Periyasamy
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Harrod
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carolina Gemma
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer H Steel
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Naina Patel
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Busonero
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dena Jerjees
- Department of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Judit Remenyi
- Division of Cancer Research, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Sally Smith
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer J Gomm
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Luca Magnani
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Louise J Jones
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Frances Fuller-Pace
- Division of Cancer Research, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Sami Shousha
- Department of Histopathology, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Laki Buluwela
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emad A Rakha
- Department of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ian O Ellis
- Department of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - R Charles Coombes
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simak Ali
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang J, Zhu J, Yang L, Guan C, Ni R, Wang Y, Ji L, Tian Y. Interaction with CCNH/CDK7 facilitates CtBP2 promoting esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) metastasis via upregulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) progression. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:6701-14. [PMID: 25820824 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3354-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
CtBP2, as a transcriptional corepressor of epithelial-specific genes, has been reported to promote tumor due to upregulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer cells. CtBP2 was also demonstrated to contribute to the proliferation of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells through a negative transcriptional regulation of p16(INK4A). In this study, for the first time, we reported that CtBP2 expression, along with CCNH/CDK7, was higher in ESCC tissues with lymph node metastases than in those without lymph node metastases. Moreover, both CtBP2 and CCNH/CDK7 were positively correlated with E-cadherin, tumor grade, and tumor metastasis. However, the concrete mechanism of CtBP2's role in enhancing ESCC migration remains incompletely understood. We confirmed that CCNH/CDK7 could directly interact with CtBP2 in ESCC cells in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, our data demonstrate for the first time that CtBP2 enhanced the migration of ESCC cells in a CCNH/CDK7-dependent manner. Our results indicated that CCNH/CDK7-CtBP2 axis may augment ESCC cell migration, and targeting the interaction of both may provide a novel therapeutic target of ESCC.
Collapse
|
13
|
Yang X, Cheng L, Li M, Shi H, Ren H, Ding Z, Liu F, Wang Y, Cheng C. High expression of SGTA in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma correlates with proliferation and poor prognosis. J Cell Biochem 2014; 115:141-50. [PMID: 23939810 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) expression and the growth factor such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and their receptors have been considered relevant in the process of angiogenesis and dissemination in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Small glutamine-rich tetratricopeptide repeat-containing protein alpha (SGTA) downstream of RTK signaling was a critical regulator of PDGF receptors (PDGFR) stability. The aim of the present study was to examine the expression of SGTA and to elucidate its clinicopathologic significance in ESCC. Immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis were performed for SGTA in ESCC samples. SGTA was up-regulated in ESCC as compared with the adjacent normal tissue. High expression of SGTA was associated with tumor grade (P < 0.01), and SGTA was positively correlated with proliferation marker Ki-67 (P < 0.05). Univariate analysis showed that SGTA expression did has a remarkable prediction for poor prognosis (P = 0.016). Knockdown or overexpression of SGTA affected ESCC cells proliferation and cell cycle. Additionally, after ESCC cells silenced for SGTA were treated with cisplatin (an anti-ESCC agent), the cell growth was down-regulated. These findings suggested that SGTA was involved in the pathogenesis of ESCC and might indicate a poor prognosis for ESCC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Yang
- Department of Immunology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China; Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yang X, Cheng L, Yao L, Ren H, Zhang S, Min X, Chen X, Zhang J, Li M. Involvement of chromosome region maintenance 1 (CRM1) in the formation and progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Med Oncol 2014; 31:155. [PMID: 25148895 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0155-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome region maintenance 1 (CRM1) has been related to several malignancies. The predictive value of CRM1 in the malignance and prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), however, is not clear yet. In this study, we displayed that CRM1 expression was up-regulated in ESCC using immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Statistical analysis demonstrated that patients with high CRM1 levels indicated shorter survival period. We further found that silencing CRM1 caused apoptosis in ESCC cell lines. Moreover, knockdown of CRM1 disturbed the expression of tumor suppressor proteins and inhibited NF-κB activity in ESCC cell lines, especially if the cell line was treated with 5-fluorouracil. In consequence, our results for the first time indicated that CRM1 was dysregulated in ESCC, and suppression of CRM1 expression which resulted in inhibiting of NF-κB signaling might be developed into a new strategy in ESCC therapy.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/mortality
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Disease Progression
- Esophageal Neoplasms/chemistry
- Esophageal Neoplasms/metabolism
- Esophageal Neoplasms/mortality
- Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- Esophagus/chemistry
- Esophagus/metabolism
- Female
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Karyopherins/analysis
- Karyopherins/genetics
- Karyopherins/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Middle Aged
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Prognosis
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/analysis
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Survival Analysis
- Exportin 1 Protein
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Yang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang Y, Huang Y, Xu X, Tang J, Huang X, Zhu J, Liu J, Miao X, Wu Y, Yang F, Ji L, He S. Expression of small glutamine-rich TPR-containing protein A (SGTA) in Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas promotes tumor proliferation and reverses cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance (CAM-DR). Leuk Res 2014; 38:955-63. [PMID: 24974147 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2014.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The expression and biologic function of SGTA in Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas (NHL) was investigated in this study. Clinically, by immunohistochemistry analysis we detected SGTA expression in both reactive lymphoid tissues and NHL tissues. In addition, we also correlated high expression of SGTA with poor prognosis. Functionally, SGTA expression was positively related with cell proliferation and negative related with cell adhesion. Finally, SGTA knockdown induced adhesion-mediated drug resistance. Our finding supports a role of SGTA in NHL cell proliferation, adhesion and drug resistance, and it may pave the way for a novel therapeutic approach for CAM-DR in NHL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuchan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226361, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuejiao Huang
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaohong Xu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226361, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xianting Huang
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junya Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaobing Miao
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226361, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaxun Wu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226361, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lili Ji
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Song He
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226361, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang S, Yang X, Shi H, Li M, Xue Q, Ren H, Yao L, Chen X, Zhang J, Wang H. Overexpression of leucine aminopeptidase 3 contributes to malignant development of human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Mol Histol 2014; 45:283-92. [PMID: 24477662 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-014-9566-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Leucine aminopeptidases (LAPs) were associated with tumor cell proliferation, invasion and/or angiogenesis. We aimed to examine the biological function of LAP3 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). LAP3 expressions were examined in human ESCC tissue and cell lines ECA109 and TE1 cells. Recombinant pSilencer4.1-LAP3-shRNA was transfected into ECA109 cells to silence LAP3 expression. The effects of LAP3 silencing on ECA109 cell proliferation in vitro were evaluated. Flow cytometry profiling was used to detect the differentiate cell cycle distribution in LAP3-silenced ECA109 cells. Wound-healing assay and transwell assay were used to examine the activities of migration and invasion in LAP3-silenced ECA109 cells. We overexpressed LAP3 in TE1 cells to find out the corresponding results. LAP3 expression level was abundance in ESCC tissue. LAP3 silencing significantly reduced ECA109 cell proliferation and colony formation. The knockdown of LAP3 resulted in cell cycle arrest at G1-phase. Moreover, over expression of LAP3 favors TE1 cell proliferation and invasiveness which also confirms its contribution in malignant development. We came to the conclusion that LAP3 contributed to ESCC progression by overcoming cell cycle arrest. The proliferative and migration effects of LAP3 might contribute to malignant development of human ESCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|