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Jabbour Y, Hakim MS, Al-Yossef A, Saleh MM, Shaaban ASAD, Kabbaj H, Zaïm M, Kleinerman C, Bassi FM. Genomic regions involved in the control of 1,000-kernel weight in wild relative-derived populations of durum wheat. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1297131. [PMID: 38098797 PMCID: PMC10720367 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1297131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Terminal drought is one of the most common and devastating climatic stress factors affecting durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) production worldwide. The wild relatives of this crop are deemed a vast potential source of useful alleles to adapt to this stress. A nested association mapping (NAM) panel was generated using as a recurrent parent the Moroccan variety 'Nachit' derived from Triticum dicoccoides and known for its large grain size. This was recombined to three top-performing lines derived from T. dicoccoides, T. araraticum, and Aegilops speltoides, for a total of 426 inbred progenies. This NAM was evaluated across eight environments (Syria, Lebanon, and Morocco) experiencing different degrees of terminal moisture stress over two crop seasons. Our results showed that drought stress caused on average 41% loss in yield and that 1,000-kernel weight (TKW) was the most important trait for adaptation to it. Genotyping with the 25K TraitGenetics array resulted in a consensus map of 1,678 polymorphic SNPs, spanning 1,723 cM aligned to the reference 'Svevo' genome assembly. Kinship distinguished the progenies in three clades matching the parent of origin. A total of 18 stable quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified as controlling various traits but independent from flowering time. The most significant genomic regions were named Q.ICD.NAM-04, Q.ICD.NAM-14, and Q.ICD.NAM-16. Allelic investigation in a second germplasm panel confirmed that carrying the positive allele at all three loci produced an average TKW advantage of 25.6% when field-tested under drought conditions. The underlying SNPs were converted to Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR (KASP) markers and successfully validated in a third germplasm set, where they explained up to 19% of phenotypic variation for TKW under moisture stress. These findings confirm the identification of critical loci for drought adaptation derived from wild relatives that can now be readily exploited via molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaman Jabbour
- Field Crop Department, Faculty of Agriculture Engineering, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria
- General Commission for Scientific Agriculture Research (GCSAR), Field Crop Department, Aleppo, Syria
| | - Mohammad Shafik Hakim
- Field Crop Department, Faculty of Agriculture Engineering, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria
| | - Abdallah Al-Yossef
- General Commission for Scientific Agriculture Research (GCSAR), Field Crop Department, Aleppo, Syria
| | - Maysoun M. Saleh
- General Commission for Scientific Agriculture Research (GCSAR), Genetic Resources Department, Damascus, Syria
| | - Ahmad Shams Al-Dien Shaaban
- Biotechnology Engineering Department, Faculty of Technological Engineering, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria
| | - Hafssa Kabbaj
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Biodiversity and Crop Improvement, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Meryem Zaïm
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Biodiversity and Crop Improvement, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Charles Kleinerman
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Biodiversity and Crop Improvement, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Filippo M. Bassi
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Biodiversity and Crop Improvement, Rabat, Morocco
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Slafer GA, Foulkes MJ, Reynolds MP, Murchie EH, Carmo-Silva E, Flavell R, Gwyn J, Sawkins M, Griffiths S. A 'wiring diagram' for sink strength traits impacting wheat yield potential. J Exp Bot 2023; 74:40-71. [PMID: 36334052 PMCID: PMC9786893 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Identifying traits for improving sink strength is a bottleneck to increasing wheat yield. The interacting processes determining sink strength and yield potential are reviewed and visualized in a set of 'wiring diagrams', covering critical phases of development (and summarizing known underlying genetics). Using this framework, we reviewed and assembled the main traits determining sink strength and identified research gaps and potential hypotheses to be tested for achieving gains in sink strength. In pre-anthesis, grain number could be increased through: (i) enhanced spike growth associated with optimized floret development and/or a reduction in specific stem-internode lengths and (ii) improved fruiting efficiency through an accelerated rate of floret development, improved partitioning between spikes, or optimized spike cytokinin levels. In post-anthesis, grain, sink strength could be augmented through manipulation of grain size potential via ovary size and/or endosperm cell division and expansion. Prospects for improving spike vascular architecture to support all rapidly growing florets, enabling the improved flow of assimilate, are also discussed. Finally, we considered the prospects for enhancing grain weight realization in relation to genetic variation in stay-green traits as well as stem carbohydrate remobilization. The wiring diagrams provide a potential workspace for breeders and crop scientists to achieve yield gains in wheat and other field crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matthew P Reynolds
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Km. 45, Carretera Mexico, El Batan, Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Erik H Murchie
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | | | - Richard Flavell
- International Wheat Yield Partnership, 1500 Research Parkway, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Jeff Gwyn
- International Wheat Yield Partnership, 1500 Research Parkway, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Mark Sawkins
- International Wheat Yield Partnership, 1500 Research Parkway, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Simon Griffiths
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Ln, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
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Correia PMP, Cairo Westergaard J, Bernardes da Silva A, Roitsch T, Carmo-Silva E, Marques da Silva J. High-throughput phenotyping of physiological traits for wheat resilience to high temperature and drought stress. J Exp Bot 2022; 73:5235-5251. [PMID: 35446418 PMCID: PMC9440435 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Interannual and local fluctuations in wheat crop yield are mostly explained by abiotic constraints. Heatwaves and drought, which are among the top stressors, commonly co-occur, and their frequency is increasing with global climate change. High-throughput methods were optimized to phenotype wheat plants under controlled water deficit and high temperature, with the aim to identify phenotypic traits conferring adaptative stress responses. Wheat plants of 10 genotypes were grown in a fully automated plant facility under 25/18 °C day/night for 30 d, and then the temperature was increased for 7 d (38/31 °C day/night) while maintaining half of the plants well irrigated and half at 30% field capacity. Thermal and multispectral images and pot weights were registered twice daily. At the end of the experiment, key metabolites and enzyme activities from carbohydrate and antioxidant metabolism were quantified. Regression machine learning models were successfully established to predict plant biomass using image-extracted parameters. Evapotranspiration traits expressed significant genotype-environment interactions (G×E) when acclimatization to stress was continuously monitored. Consequently, transpiration efficiency was essential to maintain the balance between water-saving strategies and biomass production in wheat under water deficit and high temperature. Stress tolerance included changes in carbohydrate metabolism, particularly in the sucrolytic and glycolytic pathways, and in antioxidant metabolism. The observed genetic differences in sensitivity to high temperature and water deficit can be exploited in breeding programmes to improve wheat resilience to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jesper Cairo Westergaard
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Section of Crop Science, Copenhagen University, Højbakkegård Allé 13, 2630 Tåstrup, Denmark
| | - Anabela Bernardes da Silva
- BioISI – Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Thomas Roitsch
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Section of Crop Science, Copenhagen University, Højbakkegård Allé 13, 2630 Tåstrup, Denmark
- Department of Adaptive Biotechnologies, Global Change Research Institute, CAS, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jorge Marques da Silva
- BioISI – Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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Domergue J, Abadie C, Lalande J, Deswarte J, Ober E, Laurent V, Zimmerli C, Lerebour P, Duchalais L, Bédard C, Derory J, Moittie T, Lamothe‐Sibold M, Beauchêne K, Limami AM, Tcherkez G. Grain carbon isotope composition is a marker for allocation and harvest index in wheat. Plant Cell Environ 2022; 45:2145-2157. [PMID: 35475551 PMCID: PMC9323493 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The natural 13 C abundance (δ13 C) in plant leaves has been used for decades with great success in agronomy to monitor water-use efficiency and select modern cultivars adapted to dry conditions. However, in wheat, it is also important to find genotypes with high carbon allocation to spikes and grains, and thus with a high harvest index (HI) and/or low carbon losses via respiration. Finding isotope-based markers of carbon partitioning to grains would be extremely useful since isotope analyses are inexpensive and can be performed routinely at high throughput. Here, we took the advantage of a set of field trials made of more than 600 plots with several wheat cultivars and measured agronomic parameters as well as δ13 C values in leaves and grains. We find a linear relationship between the apparent isotope discrimination between leaves and grain (denoted as Δδcorr ), and the respiration use efficiency-to-HI ratio. It means that overall, efficient carbon allocation to grains is associated with a small isotopic difference between leaves and grains. This effect is explained by postphotosynthetic isotope fractionations, and we show that this can be modelled by equations describing the carbon isotope composition in grains along the wheat growth cycle. Our results show that 13 C natural abundance in grains could be useful to find genotypes with better carbon allocation properties and assist current wheat breeding technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean‐Baptiste Domergue
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et SemencesUniversité d'Angers, INRAeBeaucouzéFrance
| | - Cyril Abadie
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et SemencesUniversité d'Angers, INRAeBeaucouzéFrance
| | - Julie Lalande
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et SemencesUniversité d'Angers, INRAeBeaucouzéFrance
| | - Jean‐Charles Deswarte
- Arvalis Institut du Végétal, Pôle valorisation de l'écophysiologie, ZA des GraviersVilliers le BâcleFrance
| | - Eric Ober
- National Institute of Agricultural BotanyCambridgeUK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marlène Lamothe‐Sibold
- Plateforme Metabolisme MetabolomeSPOmics plant métabolisme métabolome platform, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris‐Saclay IPS2, CNRS, INRAe, University Paris‐SaclayOrsayFrance
| | - Katia Beauchêne
- Arvalis Institut du Végétal, Pôle PhenoHD3Beauce‐La‐RomaineFrance
| | - Anis M. Limami
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et SemencesUniversité d'Angers, INRAeBeaucouzéFrance
| | - Guillaume Tcherkez
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et SemencesUniversité d'Angers, INRAeBeaucouzéFrance
- Research School of Biology, ANU College of ScienceAustralian National UniversityCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
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Hu P, Chapman SC, Sukumaran S, Reynolds M, Zheng B. Phenological optimization of late reproductive phase for raising wheat yield potential in irrigated mega-environments. J Exp Bot 2022; 73:4236-4249. [PMID: 35383843 PMCID: PMC9232205 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Increasing grain number through fine-tuning duration of the late reproductive phase (LRP; terminal spikelet to anthesis) without altering anthesis time has been proposed as a genetic strategy to increase yield potential (YP) of wheat. Here we conducted a modelling analysis to evaluate the potential of fine-tuning LRP in raising YP in irrigated mega-environments. Using the known optimal anthesis and sowing date of current elite benchmark genotypes, we applied a gene-based phenology model for long-term simulations of phenological stages and yield-related variables of all potential germplasm with the same duration to anthesis as the benchmark genotypes. These diverse genotypes had the same duration to anthesis but varying LRP duration. Lengthening LRP increased YP and harvest index by increasing grain number to some extent and an excessively long LRP reduced YP due to reduced time for canopy construction for high biomass production of pre-anthesis phase. The current elite genotypes could have their LRP extended for higher YP in most sites. Genotypes with a ratio of the duration of LRP to pre-anthesis phase of about 0.42 ensured high yields (≥95% of YP) with their optimal sowing and anthesis dates. Optimization of intermediate growth stages could be further evaluated in breeding programmes to improve YP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Hu
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Queensland Biosciences Precinct, 306 Carmody Rd, St Lucia, Queensland 4067, Australia
- The University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Scott C Chapman
- The University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Sivakumar Sukumaran
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Carretera México-Veracruz Km 45, El Batán, Texcoco, México, CP 56237, Mexico
| | - Matthew Reynolds
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Carretera México-Veracruz Km 45, El Batán, Texcoco, México, CP 56237, Mexico
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Bacher H, Zhu F, Gao T, Liu K, Dhatt BK, Awada T, Zhang C, Distelfeld A, Yu H, Peleg Z, Walia H. Wild emmer introgression alters root-to-shoot growth dynamics in durum wheat in response to water stress. Plant Physiol 2021; 187:1149-1162. [PMID: 34618034 PMCID: PMC8566259 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Water deficit during the early vegetative growth stages of wheat (Triticum) can limit shoot growth and ultimately impact grain productivity. Introducing diversity in wheat cultivars to enhance the range of phenotypic responses to water limitations during vegetative growth can provide potential avenues for mitigating subsequent yield losses. We tested this hypothesis in an elite durum wheat background by introducing a series of introgressions from a wild emmer (Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides) wheat. Wild emmer populations harbor rich phenotypic diversity for drought-adaptive traits. To determine the effect of these introgressions on vegetative growth under water-limited conditions, we used image-based phenotyping to catalog divergent growth responses to water stress ranging from high plasticity to high stability. One of the introgression lines exhibited a significant shift in root-to-shoot ratio in response to water stress. We characterized this shift by combining genetic analysis and root transcriptome profiling to identify candidate genes (including a root-specific kinase) that may be linked to the root-to-shoot carbon reallocation under water stress. Our results highlight the potential of introducing functional diversity into elite durum wheat for enhancing the range of water stress adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harel Bacher
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Feiyu Zhu
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Tian Gao
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Kan Liu
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Balpreet K Dhatt
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Tala Awada
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Chi Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | | | - Hongfeng Yu
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Zvi Peleg
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Harkamal Walia
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
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Lyra DH, Griffiths CA, Watson A, Joynson R, Molero G, Igna AA, Hassani-Pak K, Reynolds MP, Hall A, Paul MJ. Gene-based mapping of trehalose biosynthetic pathway genes reveals association with source- and sink-related yield traits in a spring wheat panel. Food Energy Secur 2021; 10:e292. [PMID: 34594548 PMCID: PMC8459250 DOI: 10.1002/fes3.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Trehalose 6‐phosphate (T6P) signalling regulates carbon use and allocation and is a target to improve crop yields. However, the specific contributions of trehalose phosphate synthase (TPS) and trehalose phosphate phosphatase (TPP) genes to source‐ and sink‐related traits remain largely unknown. We used enrichment capture sequencing on TPS and TPP genes to estimate and partition the genetic variation of yield‐related traits in a spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) breeding panel specifically built to capture the diversity across the 75,000 CIMMYT wheat cultivar collection. Twelve phenotypes were correlated to variation in TPS and TPP genes including plant height and biomass (source), spikelets per spike, spike growth and grain filling traits (sink) which showed indications of both positive and negative gene selection. Individual genes explained proportions of heritability for biomass and grain‐related traits. Three TPS1 homologues were particularly significant for trait variation. Epistatic interactions were found within and between the TPS and TPP gene families for both plant height and grain‐related traits. Gene‐based prediction improved predictive ability for grain weight when gene effects were combined with the whole‐genome markers. Our study has generated a wealth of information on natural variation of TPS and TPP genes related to yield potential which confirms the role for T6P in resource allocation and in affecting traits such as grain number and size confirming other studies which now opens up the possibility of harnessing natural genetic variation more widely to better understand the contribution of native genes to yield traits for incorporation into breeding programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo H Lyra
- Computational & Analytical Sciences Rothamsted Research Harpenden UK
| | | | - Amy Watson
- Plant Sciences Rothamsted Research Harpenden UK
| | | | - Gemma Molero
- Global Wheat Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT) Texcoco Mexico
| | | | | | - Matthew P Reynolds
- Global Wheat Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT) Texcoco Mexico
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8
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Abstract
Tradeoffs among plant traits help maintain relative fitness under unpredictable conditions and maximize reproductive success. However, modifying tradeoffs is a breeding challenge since many genes of minor effect are involved. The intensive crosstalk and fine-tuning between growth and defense responsive phytohormones via transcription factors optimizes growth, reproduction, and stress tolerance. There are regulating genes in grain crops that deploy diverse functions to overcome tradeoffs, e.g., miR-156-IPA1 regulates crosstalk between growth and defense to achieve high disease resistance and yield, while OsALDH2B1 loss of function causes imbalance among defense, growth, and reproduction in rice. GNI-A1 regulates seed number and weight in wheat by suppressing distal florets and altering assimilate distribution of proximal seeds in spikelets. Knocking out ABA-induced transcription repressors (AITRs) enhances abiotic stress adaptation without fitness cost in Arabidopsis. Deploying AITRs homologs in grain crops may facilitate breeding. This knowledge suggests overcoming tradeoffs through breeding may expose new ones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rodomiro Ortiz
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Alnarp, Sweden
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Schierenbeck M, Alqudah AM, Lohwasser U, Tarawneh RA, Simón MR, Börner A. Genetic dissection of grain architecture-related traits in a winter wheat population. BMC Plant Biol 2021; 21:417. [PMID: 34507551 PMCID: PMC8431894 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03183-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The future productivity of wheat (T. aestivum L.) as the most grown crop worldwide is of utmost importance for global food security. Thousand kernel weight (TKW) in wheat is closely associated with grain architecture-related traits, e.g. kernel length (KL), kernel width (KW), kernel area (KA), kernel diameter ratio (KDR), and factor form density (FFD). Discovering the genetic architecture of natural variation in these traits, identifying QTL and candidate genes are the main aims of this study. Therefore, grain architecture-related traits in 261 worldwide winter accessions over three field-year experiments were evaluated. RESULTS Genome-wide association analysis using 90K SNP array in FarmCPU model revealed several interesting genomic regions including 17 significant SNPs passing false discovery rate threshold and strongly associated with the studied traits. Four of associated SNPs were physically located inside candidate genes within LD interval e.g. BobWhite_c5872_589 (602,710,399 bp) found to be inside TraesCS6A01G383800 (602,699,767-602,711,726 bp). Further analysis reveals the four novel candidate genes potentially involved in more than one grain architecture-related traits with a pleiotropic effects e.g. TraesCS6A01G383800 gene on 6A encoding oxidoreductase activity was associated with TKW and KA. The allelic variation at the associated SNPs showed significant differences betweeen the accessions carying the wild and mutated alleles e.g. accessions carying C allele of BobWhite_c5872_589, TraesCS6A01G383800 had significantly higher TKW than the accessions carying T allele. Interestingly, these genes were highly expressed in the grain-tissues, demonstrating their pivotal role in controlling the grain architecture. CONCLUSIONS These results are valuable for identifying regions associated with kernel weight and dimensions and potentially help breeders in improving kernel weight and architecture-related traits in order to increase wheat yield potential and end-use quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías Schierenbeck
- Genebank Department, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), OT Gatersleben, Corrensstr 3, D-06466, Seeland, Germany.
- Cereals, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Forestry, National University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.
- CONICET CCT La Plata. La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Ahmad M Alqudah
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University at Flakkebjerg, Forsøgsvej 1, 4200, Slagelse, Denmark.
| | - Ulrike Lohwasser
- Genebank Department, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), OT Gatersleben, Corrensstr 3, D-06466, Seeland, Germany
| | - Rasha A Tarawneh
- Genebank Department, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), OT Gatersleben, Corrensstr 3, D-06466, Seeland, Germany
| | - María Rosa Simón
- Cereals, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Forestry, National University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
- CONICET CCT La Plata. La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andreas Börner
- Genebank Department, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), OT Gatersleben, Corrensstr 3, D-06466, Seeland, Germany
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Reynolds MP, Lewis JM, Ammar K, Basnet BR, Crespo-Herrera L, Crossa J, Dhugga KS, Dreisigacker S, Juliana P, Karwat H, Kishii M, Krause MR, Langridge P, Lashkari A, Mondal S, Payne T, Pequeno D, Pinto F, Sansaloni C, Schulthess U, Singh RP, Sonder K, Sukumaran S, Xiong W, Braun HJ. Harnessing translational research in wheat for climate resilience. J Exp Bot 2021; 72:5134-5157. [PMID: 34139769 PMCID: PMC8272565 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Despite being the world's most widely grown crop, research investments in wheat (Triticum aestivum and Triticum durum) fall behind those in other staple crops. Current yield gains will not meet 2050 needs, and climate stresses compound this challenge. However, there is good evidence that heat and drought resilience can be boosted through translating promising ideas into novel breeding technologies using powerful new tools in genetics and remote sensing, for example. Such technologies can also be applied to identify climate resilience traits from among the vast and largely untapped reserve of wheat genetic resources in collections worldwide. This review describes multi-pronged research opportunities at the focus of the Heat and Drought Wheat Improvement Consortium (coordinated by CIMMYT), which together create a pipeline to boost heat and drought resilience, specifically: improving crop design targets using big data approaches; developing phenomic tools for field-based screening and research; applying genomic technologies to elucidate the bases of climate resilience traits; and applying these outputs in developing next-generation breeding methods. The global impact of these outputs will be validated through the International Wheat Improvement Network, a global germplasm development and testing system that contributes key productivity traits to approximately half of the global wheat-growing area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Reynolds
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Janet M Lewis
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Karim Ammar
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Bhoja R Basnet
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | | | - José Crossa
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Kanwarpal S Dhugga
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | | | - Philomin Juliana
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Hannes Karwat
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Masahiro Kishii
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Margaret R Krause
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Peter Langridge
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB1, Glen Osmond SA 5064, Australia
- Wheat Initiative, Julius Kühn-Institute, Königin-Luise-Str. 19, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Azam Lashkari
- CIMMYT-Henan Collaborative Innovation Center, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, PR China
| | - Suchismita Mondal
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Thomas Payne
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Diego Pequeno
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Francisco Pinto
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Carolina Sansaloni
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Urs Schulthess
- CIMMYT-Henan Collaborative Innovation Center, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, PR China
| | - Ravi P Singh
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Kai Sonder
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | | | - Wei Xiong
- CIMMYT-Henan Collaborative Innovation Center, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, PR China
| | - Hans J Braun
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
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Nyine M, Adhikari E, Clinesmith M, Jordan KW, Fritz AK, Akhunov E. Genomic Patterns of Introgression in Interspecific Populations Created by Crossing Wheat with Its Wild Relative. G3 (Bethesda) 2020; 10:3651-61. [PMID: 32737066 DOI: 10.1534/g3.120.401479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Introgression from wild relatives is a valuable source of novel allelic diversity for breeding. We investigated the genomic patterns of introgression from Aegilops tauschii, the diploid ancestor of the wheat D genome, into winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars. The population of 351 BC1F3:5 lines was selected based on phenology from crosses between six hexaploid wheat lines and 21 wheat-Ae. tauschii octoploids. SNP markers developed for this population and a diverse panel of 116 Ae. tauschii accessions by complexity-reduced genome sequencing were used to detect introgression based on the identity-by-descent analysis. Overall, introgression frequency positively correlated with recombination rate, with a high incidence of introgression at the ends of chromosomes and low in the pericentromeric regions, and was negatively related to sequence divergence between the parental genomes. Reduced introgression in the pericentromeric low-recombining regions spans nearly 2/3 of each chromosome arm, suggestive of the polygenic nature of introgression barriers that could be associated with multilocus negative epistasis between the alleles of wild and cultivated wheat. On the contrary, negative selection against the wild allele of Tg, controlling free-threshing trait and located in the high-recombining chromosomal region, led to reduced introgression only within ∼10 Mbp region around Tg. These results are consistent with the effect of selection on linked variation described by the Hill-Robertson effect, and offer insights into the introgression population development for crop improvement to maximize retention of introgressed diversity across entire genome.
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Asseng S, Guarin JR, Raman M, Monje O, Kiss G, Despommier DD, Meggers FM, Gauthier PPG. Wheat yield potential in controlled-environment vertical farms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:19131-5. [PMID: 32719119 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2002655117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Wheat is the most important food crop worldwide, grown across millions of hectares. Wheat yields in the field are usually low and vary with weather, soil, and crop management practices. We show that yields for wheat grown in indoor vertical farms under optimized growing conditions would be several hundred times higher than yields in the field due to higher yields, several harvests per year, and vertically stacked layers. Wheat grown indoors would use less land than field-grown wheat, be independent of climate, reuse most water, exclude pests and diseases, and have no nutrient losses to the environment. However, given the high energy costs for artificial lighting and capital costs, it is unlikely to be economically competitive with current market prices. Scaling current cereal production to a growing global population will be a challenge. Wheat supplies approximately one-fifth of the calories and protein for human diets. Vertical farming is a possible promising option for increasing future wheat production. Here we show that wheat grown on a single hectare of land in a 10-layer indoor vertical facility could produce from 700 ± 40 t/ha (measured) to a maximum of 1,940 ± 230 t/ha (estimated) of grain annually under optimized temperature, intensive artificial light, high CO2 levels, and a maximum attainable harvest index. Such yields would be 220 to 600 times the current world average annual wheat yield of 3.2 t/ha. Independent of climate, season, and region, indoor wheat farming could be environmentally superior, as less land area is needed along with reuse of most water, minimal use of pesticides and herbicides, and no nutrient losses. Although it is unlikely that indoor wheat farming will be economically competitive with current market prices in the near future, it could play an essential role in hedging against future climate or other unexpected disruptions to the food system. Nevertheless, maximum production potential remains to be confirmed experimentally, and further technological innovations are needed to reduce capital and energy costs in such facilities.
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Flohr BM, Hunt JR, Kirkegaard JA, Rheinheimer B, Swan T, Goward L, Evans JR, Bullock M. Deep Soil Water-Use Determines the Yield Benefit of Long-Cycle Wheat. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:548. [PMID: 32499799 PMCID: PMC7242739 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Wheat production in southern Australia is reliant on autumn (April-May) rainfall to germinate seeds and allow timely establishment. Reliance on autumn rainfall can be removed by sowing earlier than currently practiced and using late summer and early autumn rainfall to establish crops, but this requires slower developing cultivars to match life-cycle to seasonal conditions. While slow-developing wheat cultivars sown early in the sowing window (long-cycle), have in some cases increased yield in comparison to the more commonly grown fast-developing cultivars sown later (short-cycle), the yield response is variable between environments. In irrigated wheat in the sub-tropics, the variable response has been linked to ability to withstand water stress, but the mechanism behind this is unknown. We compared short- vs. long-cycle cultivars × time of sowing combinations over four seasons (2011, 2012, 2015, and 2016) at Temora, NSW, Australia. Two seasons (2011 and 2012) had above average summer fallow (December-March) rain, and two seasons had below average summer fallow rain (2015 and 2016). Initial plant available water in each season was 104, 91, 28, and 27 mm, respectively. Rainfall in the 30 days prior to flowering (approximating the critical period for yield determination) in each year was 8, 6, 14, and 190 mm, respectively. We only observed a yield benefit in long-cycle treatments in 2011 and 2012 seasons where there was (i) soil water stored at depth (ii) little rain during the critical period. The higher yield of long-cycle treatments could be attributed to greater deep soil water extraction (<1.0 m), dry-matter production and grain number. In 2015, there was little rain during the critical period, no water stored at depth and no difference between treatments. In 2016, high in-crop rainfall filled the soil profile, but high rainfall during the critical period removed crop reliance on deep water, and yields were equivalent. A simulation study extended our findings to demonstrate a median yield benefit in long-cycle treatments when the volume of starting soil water was increased. This work reveals environmental conditions that can be used to quantify the frequency of circumstances where long-cycle wheat will provide a yield advantage over current practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie M. Flohr
- The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Agriculture and Food, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - James R. Hunt
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - John A. Kirkegaard
- The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Brad Rheinheimer
- The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Tony Swan
- The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Laura Goward
- The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - John R. Evans
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Melanie Bullock
- The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Molero G, Joynson R, Pinera‐Chavez FJ, Gardiner L, Rivera‐Amado C, Hall A, Reynolds MP. Elucidating the genetic basis of biomass accumulation and radiation use efficiency in spring wheat and its role in yield potential. Plant Biotechnol J 2019; 17:1276-1288. [PMID: 30549213 PMCID: PMC6576103 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
One of the major challenges for plant scientists is increasing wheat (Triticum aestivum) yield potential (YP). A significant bottleneck for increasing YP is achieving increased biomass through optimization of radiation use efficiency (RUE) along the crop cycle. Exotic material such as landraces and synthetic wheat has been incorporated into breeding programmes in an attempt to alleviate this; however, their contribution to YP is still unclear. To understand the genetic basis of biomass accumulation and RUE, we applied genome-wide association study (GWAS) to a panel of 150 elite spring wheat genotypes including many landrace and synthetically derived lines. The panel was evaluated for 31 traits over 2 years under optimal growing conditions and genotyped using the 35K wheat breeders array. Marker-trait association identified 94 SNPs significantly associated with yield, agronomic and phenology-related traits along with RUE and final biomass (BM_PM) at various growth stages that explained 7%-17% of phenotypic variation. Common SNP markers were identified for grain yield, BM_PM and RUE on chromosomes 5A and 7A. Additionally, landrace and synthetic derivative lines showed higher thousand grain weight (TGW), BM_PM and RUE but lower grain number (GM2) and harvest index (HI). Our work demonstrates the use of exotic material as a valuable resource to increase YP. It also provides markers for use in marker-assisted breeding to systematically increase BM_PM, RUE and TGW and avoid the TGW/GM2 and BM_PM/HI trade-off. Thus, achieving greater genetic gains in elite germplasm while also highlighting genomic regions and candidate genes for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Molero
- Global Wheat Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT)TexcocoMexico
| | | | | | | | - Carolina Rivera‐Amado
- Global Wheat Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT)TexcocoMexico
| | | | - Matthew P. Reynolds
- Global Wheat Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT)TexcocoMexico
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