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Merckx VSFT, Gomes SIF, Wang D, Verbeek C, Jacquemyn H, Zahn FE, Gebauer G, Bidartondo MI. Mycoheterotrophy in the wood-wide web. Nat Plants 2024:10.1038/s41477-024-01677-0. [PMID: 38641664 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01677-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence and potential functions of common mycorrhizal networks, or the 'wood-wide web', resulting from the simultaneous interaction of mycorrhizal fungi and roots of different neighbouring plants have been increasingly capturing the interest of science and society, sometimes leading to hyperbole and misinterpretation. Several recent reviews conclude that popular claims regarding the widespread nature of these networks in forests and their role in the transfer of resources and information between plants lack evidence. Here we argue that mycoheterotrophic plants associated with ectomycorrhizal or arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi require resource transfer through common mycorrhizal networks and thus are natural evidence for the occurrence and function of these networks, offering a largely overlooked window into this methodologically challenging underground phenomenon. The wide evolutionary and geographic distribution of mycoheterotrophs and their interactions with a broad phylogenetic range of mycorrhizal fungi indicate that common mycorrhizal networks are prevalent, particularly in forests, and result in net carbon transfer among diverse plants through shared mycorrhizal fungi. On the basis of the available scientific evidence, we propose a continuum of carbon transfer options within common mycorrhizal networks, and we discuss how knowledge on the biology of mycoheterotrophic plants can be instrumental for the study of mycorrhizal-mediated transfers between plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent S F T Merckx
- Understanding Evolution, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
- Evolutionary and Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Sofia I F Gomes
- Above-belowground Interactions, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Deyi Wang
- Understanding Evolution, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Cas Verbeek
- Understanding Evolution, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Evolutionary and Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Jacquemyn
- Plant Population Biology and Conservation, Department of Biology, Plant Conservation and Population Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Franziska E Zahn
- Laboratory of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Gerhard Gebauer
- Laboratory of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
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Haga C, Hotta W, Inoue T, Matsui T, Aiba M, Owari T, Suzuki SN, Shibata H, Morimoto J. Modeling Tree Recovery in Wind-Disturbed Forests with Dense Understory Species under Climate Change. Ecol Modell 2022; 472:110072. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2022.110072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Cade SM, Clemitshaw KC, Molina-herrera S, Grote R, Haas E, Wilkinson M, Morison JIL, Yamulki S. Evaluation of LandscapeDNDC Model Predictions of CO2 and N2O Fluxes from an Oak Forest in SE England. Forests 2021; 12:1517. [DOI: 10.3390/f12111517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Process-based biogeochemical models are valuable tools to evaluate impacts of environmental or management changes on the greenhouse gas (GHG) balance of forest ecosystems. We evaluated LandscapeDNDC, a process-based model developed to simulate carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and water cycling at ecosystem and regional scales, against eddy covariance and soil chamber measurements of CO2 and N2O fluxes in an 80-year-old deciduous oak forest. We compared two LandscapeDNDC vegetation modules: PSIM (Physiological Simulation Model), which includes the understorey explicitly, and PnET (Photosynthesis–Evapotranspiration Model), which does not. Species parameters for both modules were adjusted to match local measurements. LandscapeDNDC was able to reproduce daily micro-climatic conditions, which serve as input for the vegetation modules. The PSIM and PnET modules reproduced mean annual net CO2 uptake to within 1% and 15% of the measured values by balancing gains and losses in seasonal patterns with respect to measurements, although inter-annual variations were not well reproduced. The PSIM module indicated that the understorey contributed up to 21% to CO2 fluxes. Mean annual soil CO2 fluxes were underestimated by 32% using PnET and overestimated by 26% with PSIM; both modules simulated annual soil N2O fluxes within the measured range but with less interannual variation. Including stand structure information improved the model, but further improvements are required for the model to predict forest GHG balances and their inter-annual variability following climatic or management changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Pöpperl
- Institute of Silviculture, Department of Forest‐ and Soil Sciences University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna Peter Jordan Straße 82 Wien 1190 Austria
- Ecosystem Dynamics and Forest Management Group Technical University of Munich Hans‐Carl‐von‐Carlowitz‐Platz 2 Freising 85354 Germany
| | - Rupert Seidl
- Institute of Silviculture, Department of Forest‐ and Soil Sciences University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna Peter Jordan Straße 82 Wien 1190 Austria
- Ecosystem Dynamics and Forest Management Group Technical University of Munich Hans‐Carl‐von‐Carlowitz‐Platz 2 Freising 85354 Germany
- Berchtesgaden National Park Doktorberg 6 Berchtesgaden 83471 Germany
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Nadal-Sala D, Grote R, Birami B, Lintunen A, Mammarella I, Preisler Y, Rotenberg E, Salmon Y, Tatarinov F, Yakir D, Ruehr NK. Assessing model performance via the most limiting environmental driver in two differently stressed pine stands. Ecol Appl 2021; 31:e02312. [PMID: 33630380 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Climate change will impact forest productivity worldwide. Forecasting the magnitude of such impact, with multiple environmental stressors changing simultaneously, is only possible with the help of process-based models. In order to assess their performance, such models require careful evaluation against measurements. However, direct comparison of model outputs against observational data is often not reliable, as models may provide the right answers due to the wrong reasons. This would severely hinder forecasting abilities under unprecedented climate conditions. Here, we present a methodology for model assessment, which supplements the traditional output-to-observation model validation. It evaluates model performance through its ability to reproduce observed seasonal changes of the most limiting environmental driver (MLED) for a given process, here daily gross primary productivity (GPP). We analyzed seasonal changes of the MLED for GPP in two contrasting pine forests, the Mediterranean Pinus halepensis Mill. Yatir (Israel) and the boreal Pinus sylvestris L. Hyytiälä (Finland) from three years of eddy-covariance flux data. Then, we simulated the same period with a state-of-the-art process-based simulation model (LandscapeDNDC). Finally, we assessed if the model was able to reproduce both GPP observations and MLED seasonality. We found that the model reproduced the seasonality of GPP in both stands, but it was slightly overestimated without site-specific fine-tuning. Interestingly, although LandscapeDNDC properly captured the main MLED in Hyytiälä (temperature) and in Yatir (soil water availability), it failed to reproduce high-temperature and high-vapor pressure limitations of GPP in Yatir during spring and summer. We deduced that the most likely reason for this divergence is an incomplete description of stomatal behavior. In summary, this study validates the MLED approach as a model evaluation tool, and opens up new possibilities for model improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Nadal-Sala
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research - Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Garmisch-Partenkirchen, 82467, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Grote
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research - Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Garmisch-Partenkirchen, 82467, Germany
| | - Benjamin Birami
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research - Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Garmisch-Partenkirchen, 82467, Germany
| | - Anna Lintunen
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 7, P.O. Box 27, Helsinki,, 00014, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 68, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2b, Helsinki,, 00014, Finland
| | - Ivan Mammarella
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 7, P.O. Box 27, Helsinki,, 00014, Finland
| | - Yakir Preisler
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, USA
| | - Eyal Rotenberg
- Deptartment of Environmental Sciences and Energy Research, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Yann Salmon
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 7, P.O. Box 27, Helsinki,, 00014, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 68, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2b, Helsinki,, 00014, Finland
| | - Fedor Tatarinov
- Deptartment of Environmental Sciences and Energy Research, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Dan Yakir
- Deptartment of Environmental Sciences and Energy Research, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Nadine K Ruehr
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research - Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Garmisch-Partenkirchen, 82467, Germany
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