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Chen YL, Lin YY, Chin PW, Chen CC, Cheng CG, Cheng CA. Analyzing COVID-19 and Air Pollution Effects on Pediatric Asthma Emergency Room Visits in Taiwan. Toxics 2024; 12:79. [PMID: 38251034 PMCID: PMC10818664 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
(1) Background: An asthma exacerbation that is not relieved with medication typically requires an emergency room visit (ERV). The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic began in Taiwan in January of 2020. The influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on pediatric ERVs in Taiwan was limited. Our aim was to survey pediatric asthma ERVs in the COVID-19 era; (2) Methods: Data were collected from the health quality database of the Taiwanese National Health Insurance Administration from 2019 to 2021. Air pollution and climatic factors in Taipei were used to evaluate these relationships. Changes in the rates of pediatric asthma ERVs were assessed using logistic regression analysis. Poisson regression was used to evaluate the impact of air pollution and climate change; (3) Results: The rate of pediatric asthma ERVs declined in different areas and at different hospital levels including medical centers, regional and local hospitals. Some air pollutants (particulate matter ≤ 2.5 µm, particulate matter ≤ 10 µm, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide) reduced during the COVID-19 lockdown. Ozone increased the relative risk (RR) of pediatric asthma ERVs during the COVID-19 period by 1.094 (95% CI: 1.095-1.12) per 1 ppb increase; (4) Conclusions: The rate of pediatric asthma ERVs declined during the COVID-19 pandemic and ozone has harmful effects. Based on these results, the government could reduce the number of pediatric asthma ERVs through healthcare programs, thereby promoting children's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Lin Chen
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
| | - Yen-Yue Lin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan 32549, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Wei Chin
- Department of Nursing, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Hua-Lien Hospital, Hua-Lien 97061, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng-Chueh Chen
- Department of General Surgery, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin 65152, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-Gu Cheng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan 32549, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Chun-An Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
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2
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Yu S, Wang X, Zhang R, Chen R, Ma L. A review on the potential risks and mechanisms of heavy metal exposure to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 684:149124. [PMID: 37897914 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a chronic disease that affects patients as well as the health and economic stability of society as a whole. At the same time, heavy metal pollution is widely recognized as having a possible impact on the environment and human health. Therefore, these diseases have become important global public health issues. In recent years, researchers have shown great interest in the potential association between heavy metal exposure and the development of COPD, and there has been a substantial increase in the number of related studies. However, we still face the challenge of developing a comprehensive and integrated understanding of this complex association. Therefore, this review aimed to evaluate the existing epidemiological studies to clarify the association between heavy metal exposure and COPD. In addition, we will discuss the biological mechanisms between the two to better understand the multiple molecular pathways and possible mechanisms of action involved, and provide additional insights for the subsequent identification of potential strategies to prevent and control the effects of heavy metal exposure on the development of COPD in individuals and populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxia Yu
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Rongxuan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, The Second People's Hospital of Lanzhou City, 730030, China
| | - Rentong Chen
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Li Ma
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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Wang M, Yan L, Dou S, Yang L, Zhang Y, Huang W, Li S, Lu P, Guo Y. Blood multiple heavy metals exposure and lung function in young adults: A prospective Cohort study in China. J Hazard Mater 2023; 459:132064. [PMID: 37499499 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The content of single heavy metal in blood is associated with lung function decline, but there is little evidence on the joint effect of multiple heavy metals on lung function. To explore whether heavy metal mixture exposure is associated with lung function reduction among young adults. The study based on a cohort of 518 students recruited from a college in Shandong, China. We measured their lung function and blood heavy metal concentrations. The BKMR model was used to analyse the association between blood heavy metals mixture levels and lung function, and to identify the critical single heavy metal which contributes most to joint effects. As the sensitivity analysis, we used quantile g-computation model and GLM to explore the joint effect and independent effects of heavy metals. Our findings revealed a significant reduction of FVC and FEV1 levels after exposure to heavy metals mixture. An IQR increase in Cu was associated with a 0.079 L and 0.083 L decrease in FEV1 and FVC, respectively. And an IQR increase in Fe was associated with 0.036 L higher FEV1 and 0.033 L higher FVC. For adults, reducing blood heavy metals concentration might be an effective intervention to protect lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Wang
- Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Lailai Yan
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education; Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology & Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Siqi Dou
- Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wenzhong Huang
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shanshan Li
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peng Lu
- Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China.
| | - Yuming Guo
- Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China; Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Zheng K, Zeng Z, Tian Q, Huang J, Zhong Q, Huo X. Epidemiological evidence for the effect of environmental heavy metal exposure on the immune system in children. Sci Total Environ 2023; 868:161691. [PMID: 36669659 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals exist widely in daily life, and exposure to heavy metals caused by environmental pollution has become a serious public health problem worldwide. Due to children's age-specific behavioral characteristics and imperfect physical function, the adverse health effects of heavy metals on children are much higher than in adults. Studies have found that heavy metal exposure is associated with low immune function in children. Although there are reviews describing the evidence for the adverse effects of heavy metal exposure on the immune system in children, the summary of evidence from epidemiological studies involving the level of immune molecules is not comprehensive. Therefore, this review summarizes the current epidemiological study on the effect of heavy metal exposure on childhood immune function from multiple perspectives, emphasizing its risks to the health of children's immune systems. It focuses on the effects of six heavy metals (lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), and manganese (Mn)) on children's innate immune cells, lymphocytes and their subpopulations, cytokines, total and specific immunoglobulins, and explores the immunotoxicological effects of heavy metals. The review finds that exposure to heavy metals, particularly Pb, Cd, As, and Hg, not only reduced lymphocyte numbers and suppressed adaptive immune responses in children, but also altered the innate immune response to impair the body's ability to fight pathogens. Epidemiological evidence suggests that heavy metal exposure alters cytokine levels and is associated with the development of inflammatory responses in children. Pb, As, and Hg exposure was associated with vaccination failure and decreased antibody titers, and increased risk of immune-related diseases in children by altering specific immunoglobulin levels. Cd, Ni and Mn showed activation effects on the immune response to childhood vaccination. Exposure age, sex, nutritional status, and co-exposure may influence the effects of heavy metals on immune function in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyang Zheng
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, School of Environment, Jinan University, 855 East Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, China; Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhijun Zeng
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, School of Environment, Jinan University, 855 East Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, China
| | - Qianwen Tian
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, School of Environment, Jinan University, 855 East Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, China; Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Jintao Huang
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, School of Environment, Jinan University, 855 East Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, China; Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi Zhong
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, School of Environment, Jinan University, 855 East Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, China; Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Xia Huo
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, School of Environment, Jinan University, 855 East Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, China.
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Zahedi A, Hassanvand MS, Jaafarzadeh N, Ghadiri A, Shamsipour M, Dehcheshmeh MG. Increased allergic and asthmatic risks in children residing in industrial areas by surveying the pre-inflammatory (IgE, IL-4 and IL-13) biomarkers. J Environ Health Sci Eng 2022; 20:609-615. [PMID: 36406593 PMCID: PMC9672297 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-021-00646-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Toxic metal(loid)s can lead to high damages on human. This work was conducted to investigate the levels of metal(loid)s in PM2.5 and a total of 123 male children's (aged 6-9 years) blood chosen from different areas in Ahvaz and their association with the pre-inflammatory (Immunoglobulin E and cytokines: IgE, IL-4 and IL-13) responses in serum cells. Six metal(loid)s (arsenic, cadmium, chromium, mercury, nickel and lead) in three regions including industrial (Padad), vehicle traffic (Golestan) and reference (Kianpars) areas were studied. Results showed the concentrations of As, Cr, Cd, Ni and Hg in the ambient air of industrial area (Padad) (P < 0.001), and Pb in vehicle traffic area (Golestan) were higher (p < 0.001). Moreover, the mean levels of IgE (mean = 146.44 pg/200landa, P < 0.003), IL-4 (mean = 548.23 pg/200landa, P < 0.001) and IL-13 (mean = 53.21 pg/200landa, P < 0.001) in Padad were higher than Golestan and Kianpars. Our results suggest that living in industrial areas leads to accelerated synthesis of IgE, IL-4 and IL-13 in blood. The spatial distribution of children's serum IgE, IL-4 and IL-13 concentrations showed an abnormal increase of 240 to 400 pg/200landa for IgE, 950 to 1400 pg/200landa for IL-4 and 90 to 128 pg/200landa for IL-13. Our results indicate children in the industrial area are prone to asthma, allergy, miRNA mutation, and other chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Zahedi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Shoushtar Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shoushtar, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Hassanvand
- Centre for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neamatollah Jaafarzadeh
- Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, 61355-179 Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ata Ghadiri
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mansour Shamsipour
- Department of Research Methodology and Data Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Nedelescu M, Stan M, Ciobanu AM, Bălălău C, Filippini T, Baconi D. Attention deficit among preschool and school-aged children living near former metal-processing plants in Romania. Environ Res 2022; 208:112689. [PMID: 34999026 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Industrial areas affected by high and long-term heavy metal pollution have a great impact on health of the resident population. Children represent a group at high-risk with an increased susceptibility to chronic heavy metal intoxication. Our work included the assessment of attention particularities through a case-control study in pre-school and school-aged children (4-6 years and 8-11 years) from two study areas, Copşa Mică and Zlatna, compared to a non-polluted locality with no history of heavy metal pollution. Copşa Mică and Zlatna are two of the most polluted heavy metals regions in Romania due to non-ferrous metallurgy for a long period of time. Recruitment of participants was made by a random selection of an entire class for each age within the schools and kindergartens from the study areas (Copşa Mică and Zlatna) and from the non-polluted region. Interpretation of data was performed using statistical analysis (ANOVA and Student's t-test). Preschool children (4-6 years) were tested using Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI) tests, Animal House and labyrinth samples. The results of the attention tests applied to pre-school children were lower in the study areas compared to the control group, but no statistical differences were found. The results of the attention tests applied to children aged between 8 and 11 years (Toulouse-Pieron test and Traffic light test) indicate lower average scores within the study groups from polluted areas, compared to the control group. Differences with statistically significance were registered for the 8 years age group (p = 0.037). In these areas efficient strategies and precise intervention measures are needed in order to limit or remove the heavy metal exposure and protect the human health, especially the groups exposed to a high level of risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirela Nedelescu
- (")Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, Bucharest, Romania; National Institute of Public Health, Department of Food Hygiene and Nutrition, 1-3 Dr. Leonte Street, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Miriana Stan
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", Faculty of Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Anne-Marie Ciobanu
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", Faculty of Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Bălălău
- (")Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Tommaso Filippini
- CREAGEN - Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, Modena, Italy
| | - Daniela Baconi
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", Faculty of Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, Bucharest, Romania
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Su HJ, Jung CC, Wang JH, Chen NT, Chang WH. Estimations of infiltration factors of diurnal PM 2.5 and heavy metals in children's bedrooms. Indoor Air 2022; 32:e13037. [PMID: 35622721 DOI: 10.1111/ina.13037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Children are the sensitive population to fine particulate matter (PM2.5 ) exposure and spend most of their time in bedroom. Infiltration factor (Finf ) can be used to calculate the fraction of total indoor PM2.5 with outdoor origin to increase the accuracy of exposure assessment. However, studies have ignored the diurnal variations of PM2.5 Finf values, and a few studies have estimated Finf values for heavy metals in PM2.5 in children's bedrooms. To calculate the PM2.5 Finf , real-time indoor and outdoor PM2.5 concentrations and occupants' activities were collected in 56 study bedrooms. At 22 of the 56 study bedrooms, PM2.5 samples were also collected for heavy metals analysis. We noted the PM2.5 Finf was higher during the daytime (0.70 ± 0.23) than nighttime (0.54 ± 0.27) during the hot season, and the time of air conditioner use was longer at nighttime. The largest Finf value of heavy metal was V (0.88 ± 0.25), followed by Pb (0.85 ± 0.28), Mn (0.72 ± 0.26), Cr (0.69 ± 0.35), and Zn (0.61 ± 0.32), with a larger variation. Our findings suggest that the estimations of diurnal PM2.5 and heavy metals Finf values are necessary to increase the accuracy of exposure assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huey-Jen Su
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Cheng Jung
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Hsin Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Tzu Chen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsiang Chang
- Department of Food Safety/Hygiene and Risk Management, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
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Reyes-García J, Carbajal-García A, Montaño LM. Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V (TRPV) and its importance in asthma. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 915:174692. [PMID: 34890545 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels play critical roles in physiological and pathological conditions. Increasing evidence has unveiled the contribution of TRP vanilloid (TRPV) family in the development of asthma. The TRPV family is a group (TRPV1-TRPV6) of polymodal channels capable of sensing thermal, acidic, mechanical stress, and osmotic stimuli. TRPVs can be activated by endogenous ligands including, arachidonic acid derivatives or endocannabinoids. While TRPV1-TRPV4 are non-selective cation channels showing a predominance for Ca2+ over Na + influx, TRPV5 and TRPV6 are only Ca2+ permeable selective channels. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory bronchopulmonary disorder involving airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and airway remodeling. Patients suffering from allergic asthma display an inflammatory pattern driven by cytokines produced in type-2 helper T cells (Th2) and type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s). Ion channels are essential regulators in airway smooth muscle (ASM) and immune cells physiology. In this review, we summarize the contribution of TRPV1, TRPV2, and TRPV4 to the pathogenesis of asthma. TRPV1 is associated with hypersensitivity to environmental pollutants and chronic cough, inflammation, AHR, and remodeling. TRPV2 is increased in peripheral lymphocytes of asthmatic patients. TRPV4 contributes to ASM cells proliferation, and its blockade leads to a reduced eosinophilia, neutrophilia, as well as an abolished AHR. In conclusion, TRPV2 may represent a novel biomarker for asthma in children; meanwhile, TRPV1 and TRPV4 seem to be essential contributors to the development and exacerbations of asthma. Moreover, these channels may serve as novel therapeutic targets for this ailment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Reyes-García
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, México.
| | - Abril Carbajal-García
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, México.
| | - Luis M Montaño
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, México.
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Zahedi A, Hassanvand MS, Jaafarzadeh N, Ghadiri A, Shamsipour M, Dehcheshmeh MG. Effect of ambient air PM 2.5-bound heavy metals on blood metal(loid)s and children's asthma and allergy pro-inflammatory (IgE, IL-4 and IL-13) biomarkers. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 68:126826. [PMID: 34371327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the concentrations of metals in fine particulate matter PM2.5 in the outdoor air around the home sites of 123 male children from Ahvaz, average age 7.56, along with their blood samples to measure pro-inflammatory responses (Immunoglobulin E and cytokines: IgE, IL-4 and IL-13). METHODS We measured 6 metals (As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Ni and Pb) in three Ahvaz's regions including industrial (Padad), vehicle traffic (Golestan) and control (Kianpars). RESULTS The higher concentrations of metals in the Padad as the industrial ambient air i.e., arsenic, cadmium, chromium, mercury and nickel coincided with the higher concentrations of those metals in exposed children (P < 0.05) versus the controls. Children in Golestan, the high traffic air pollution area had the highest lead concentrations (p < 0.05). Also a significant association was shown in Padad between blood arsenic and IgE (β = 26.59, P < 0.001), IL-4 (β = 172.1, P < 0.001) and IL-13 (β = 14.84, P < 0.001), blood chromium and IgE (β = 10.38, P < 0.001), IL-4 (β = 75.27, P < 0.001) and IL-13 (β = 5.27, P < 0.001) and blood mercury and IgE (β = 13.11, P < 0.001), IL-4 (β = 108.09, P < 0.001) and IL-13 (β = 7.96, P < 0.001) and blood lead and IgE(β = 0.92, P = 0.025), IL-4(β = 7.16, P < 0.001) and IL-13(β = 0.58, P = 0.003). However, no significant relation was found for Cadmium, Nickel in blood with IgE, IL-4 and IL-13 levels. Moreover, children from industrial areas showed significantly higher concentrations of IgE (mean = 146.44 pg/200landa, P < 0.001), IL-4 (mean = 548.23 pg/200landa, P < 0.001) and IL-13 (mean = 52.93 pg/200landa, P < 0.001) versus Golestan and Kianpars. CONCLUSION Children residing in an industrial area with high concentrations of metals in PM2.5 had high metals in blood and high production of IgE, IL-4 and IL-13, reflecting an immune dysregulation and brisk inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Zahedi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Hassanvand
- Centre for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neamatollah Jaafarzadeh
- Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, 61355-179, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Ata Ghadiri
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mansour Shamsipour
- Department of Research Methodology and Data Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Dunea D, Iordache V, Frasin LN, Neagoe A, Predescu L, Iordache S. Monitoring Rainwater Properties and Outdoor Particulate Matter in a Former Steel Manufacturing City in Romania. Atmosphere 2021; 12:1594. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12121594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Wet deposition is influencing air quality because air pollutants are washed away from the surrounding air. Consequently, particulate matter and associated compounds are transported in the rainwater and enter into soil, surface waters, and groundwater. Nonpoint sources of heavy metals from stormwater runoff have increased in urban areas due to industrialization and the increasing impervious surfaces. In this work, we present an assessment of the rainwater composition regarding the nutrients and other physicochemical characteristics measured in three locations selected in Targoviste city, Romania, a city that had a specialized steel factory and important metallurgical facilities. The rainwater was collected using three PALMEX rain samplers and then was transferred to high-density polyethylene bottles and analyzed using ICP-MS. PM2.5 concentrations were also monitored continuously using optical monitors calibrated using a gravimetric sampler. A detailed analysis of the heavy metals content in rainwater and PM was presented for the pollution episodes occurring in October and November 2019. Backward trajectories were computed using the HYSPLIT model for these periods. The results showed that the PM2.5 ranged from 11.1 to 24.1 μg/m3 in 2019, while the heavy metals in collected rainwater were (µg L−1): 0.25 (Cd) − CV = 26.5%, 0.10 (Co) − CV = 58.1%, 1.77 (Cr) − CV = 24.3%, 377.37 (Ni) − CV = 27.9%, 0.67 (Pb) − CV = 74.3%, and 846.5 (Zn) − CV = 20.6%. Overall, Ni, Pb, Cr, and V had significant correlations between the concentrations from rainwater and PM. Negative associations were found between precipitation events and heavy metals both from rainwater and PM, but only a few showed statistical significance. However, this could explain the “washing” effect of the rain on the heavy metals from PM2.5. The potential sources of nitrogen in the rainwater collected in Targoviste could be from burning fossil fuels and the soils, including both biological processes and fertilization resulting from the intensive agriculture in the piedmont plain in which the city is located. Based on the results, rainwater monitoring can constitute a reliable method for air quality characterization. Additional research is required to better understand seasonality and sources of heterogeneity regarding the associations between PM and rainwater composition.
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Morales-Rubio R, Amador-Muñoz O, Rosas-Pérez I, Sánchez-Pérez Y, García-Cuéllar C, Segura-Medina P, Osornio-Vargas Á, De Vizcaya-Ruiz A. PM 2.5 induces airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation via the AhR pathway in a sensitized Guinea pig asthma-like model. Toxicology 2021; 465:153026. [PMID: 34774659 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.153026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) induces airway inflammation and hyperreactivity that lead to asthma. The mechanisms involved are still under investigation. We investigated the effect of resveratrol (3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene) (RES) on airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammation and CYP1A1 protein expression (an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) target) induced by PM2.5 exposure in an allergic asthma experimental guinea pig model. The polyphenolic compound RES was used due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and as an antagonist of the AhR; thus, providing mechanistic insights. Animals were sensitized with aluminum hydroxide and ovalbumin and exposed to filtered air or PM2.5. Exposure to PM2.5 was conducted using a whole-body chamber particle concentrator (5 h/day) for 15 days. Animals received saline solution or RES (10 mg/kg per day) orally for 21 days simultaneously to the OVA challenge or PM2.5 exposure. PM2.5 exposure (mean 433 ± 111 μg/m3 in the exposure chamber) in OVA challenged animals induced an asthma-like phenotype characterized by increased baseline lung resistance (Rrs) and central airway resistance (Rn) in response to acetylcholine (ACh) evaluated using a flexiVent system®. A parallel increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-17, TNF-α and IFN-γ), inflammatory cells (eosinophils and neutrophils) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung CYP1A1 increase also occurred. RES significantly inhibited airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammation, and CYP1A1 protein expression in the OVA-challenged PM2.5 exposed animals. In summary, with the use of RES we demonstrate that PM-induced airway hyperreactivity is modulated by the inflammatory response via the AhR pathway in an allergic asthma guinea pig model.
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12
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Pambianchi E, Pecorelli A, Valacchi G. Gastrointestinal tissue as a "new" target of pollution exposure. IUBMB Life 2021; 74:62-73. [PMID: 34289226 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Airborne pollution has become a leading cause of global death in industrialized cities and the exposure to environmental pollutants has been demonstrated to have adverse effects on human health. Among the pollutants, particulate matter (PM) is one of the most toxic and although its exposure has been more commonly correlated with respiratory diseases, gastrointestinal (GI) complications have also been reported as a consequence to PM exposure. Due to its composition, PM is able to exert on intestinal mucosa both direct damaging effects, (by reaching it either via direct ingestion of contaminated food and water or indirect inhalation and consequent macrophagic mucociliary clearance) and indirect ones via generation of systemic inflammation. The relationship between respiratory and GI conditions is well described by the lung-gut axis and more recently, has become even clearer during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, when respiratory symptoms were associated with gastrointestinal conditions. This review aims at pointing out the mechanisms and the models used to evaluate PM induced GI tract damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Pambianchi
- Department of Animal Science, Plants for Human Health Institute, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alessandra Pecorelli
- Department of Animal Science, Plants for Human Health Institute, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Animal Science, Plants for Human Health Institute, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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13
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Lee EK, Romeiko XX, Zhang W, Feingold BJ, Khwaja HA, Zhang X, Lin S. Residential Proximity to Biorefinery Sources of Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases in New York State. Environ Sci Technol 2021; 55:10035-10045. [PMID: 34232029 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c00698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding potential health risks associated with biofuel production is critical to sustainably combating energy insecurity and climate change. However, the specific health impacts associated with biorefinery-related emissions are not yet well characterized. We evaluated the relationship between respiratory emergency department (ED) visits (2011-2015) and residential exposure to biorefineries by comparing 15 biorefinery sites to 15 control areas across New York (NY) State. We further examined these associations by biorefinery types (e.g., corn, wood, or soybean), seasons, and lower respiratory disease subtypes. We measured biorefinery exposure using residential proximity in a cross-sectional study and estimation of biorefinery emission via AERMOD-simulated modeling. After controlling for multiple confounders, we consistently found that respiratory ED visit rates among residents living within 10 km of biorefineries were significantly higher (rate ratios (RRs) range from 1.03 to 3.64) than those in control areas across our two types of exposure indices. This relationship held across biorefinery types (higher in corn and soybean biorefineries), seasons (higher in spring and winter), air pollutant types (highest for NO2), and respiratory subtypes (highest for emphysema). Further research is needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Kyung Lee
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1 University Place, Rensselaer, New York 12144, United States
- Mary Ann Swetland Center for Environmental Health, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 11000 Cedar Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Xiaobo Xue Romeiko
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1 University Place, Rensselaer, New York 12144, United States
| | - Wangjian Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1 University Place, Rensselaer, New York 12144, United States
| | - Beth J Feingold
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1 University Place, Rensselaer, New York 12144, United States
| | - Haider A Khwaja
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1 University Place, Rensselaer, New York 12144, United States
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, Albany, New York 12201, United States
| | - Xuesong Zhang
- Joint Global Change Research Institute, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 5825 University Research Court, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
- Earth System Sciences Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, 5825 University Research Court, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
| | - Shao Lin
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1 University Place, Rensselaer, New York 12144, United States
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1 University Place, Rensselaer, New York 12144, United States
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14
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Jirau-Colón H, Toro-Heredia J, Layuno J, Calderon ED, Gioda A, Jiménez-Vélez BD. Distribution of toxic metals and relative toxicity of airborne PM 2.5 in Puerto Rico. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:16504-16516. [PMID: 33389579 PMCID: PMC7778501 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11673-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The exposure to airborne particulate matter (PM) and its constituents is an important factor to be considered when evaluating their potential health risk. Transition metals found in PM are known to contribute significantly to the exacerbation of respiratory ailments. Exposure to these constituents results in the induction of oxidative stress in the bronchial epithelium, thus promoting the secretion of inflammatory mediators. Therefore, it is important to know the contributions of PM2.5 constituents to further investigate their relationship with toxic responses and associated health risks. PM2.5 samples from three rural (Humacao, Guayama, and Guayanilla) and two urban (more populated) sites (Bayamón and Ponce) from Puerto Rico were analyzed for various inorganic constituents. A total of 59 trace elements were analyzed, of which eight were considered with the greatest toxic potential. The highest annual average concentration of PM2.5 was reported at the urban site of Ponce (5.82 ± 1.40 μg m-3), while Bayamón's average concentration was not as high (4.69 ± 1.30 μg m-3) compared to concentrations at the rural sites Humacao, Guayama, and Guayanilla (4.33 ± 1.20 μg m-3, 4.93 ± 1.50 μg m-3, and 4.88 ± 1.20 μg m-3 respectively. The concentration at the Ponce site exhibited the highest summer value (7.57 μg m-3) compared to that of all the rural sites (~ 6.40 μg m-3). The lowest summer PM2.5 values were obtained at the Humacao site with an average of 5.76 μg m-3. Average Cu and Zn concentrations were 3- and 2-fold higher at the urban sites (0.68 ng m-3 and 6.74 ng m-3 respectively) compared to the rural sites (0.17 ng m-3 and 4.11 ng m-3). Relative toxicity of inorganic PM extract indicates Bayamón (urban) and Guayama with similar low LC50 followed by Humacao, Guayanilla, and finally Ponce (urban) with the highest LC50. Of the eight potential toxic metals considered, only Fe was found to be higher at the rural sites. To our understanding, there are different sources of emission for these metals which potentially indicate main anthropogenic sources, together with the trade winds adding periodically volcanic and African Dust Storm particulates that affect Puerto Rico. These results are the first of their kind to be reported in Puerto Rico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Jirau-Colón
- School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, Main Bldg. 2nd Floor B210, San Juan, 00936, Puerto Rico
- Center for Environment and Toxicological Research, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Jannette Toro-Heredia
- Center for Environment and Toxicological Research, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Universidad Ana G. Méndez de Gurabo, Gurabo, Puerto Rico
| | - Josué Layuno
- Center for Environment and Toxicological Research, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | | | - Adriana Gioda
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Braulio D Jiménez-Vélez
- School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, Main Bldg. 2nd Floor B210, San Juan, 00936, Puerto Rico.
- Center for Environment and Toxicological Research, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
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15
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Shi W, Liu C, Annesi-Maesano I, Norback D, Deng Q, Huang C, Qian H, Zhang X, Sun Y, Wang T, van Donkelaar A, Martin RV, Zhang Y, Li B, Kan H, Zhao Z. Ambient PM 2.5 and its chemical constituents on lifetime-ever pneumonia in Chinese children: A multi-center study. Environ Int 2021; 146:106176. [PMID: 33220537 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The long-term effects of ambient PM2.5 and chemical constituents on childhood pneumonia were still unknown. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 30,315 children in the China Children, Homes, Health (CCHH) project, involving 205 preschools in six cities in China, to investigate the long-term effects of PM2.5 constituents on lifetime-ever diagnosed pneumonia. Information on the lifetime-ever pneumonia and demographics were collected by validated questionnaires. The lifetime annual average ambient PM2.5, ozone and five main PM2.5 constituents, including SO42-, NO3-, NH4+, organic matter (OM) and black carbon (BC), were estimated according to preschool addresses by a combination of satellite remote sensing, chemical transport modeling and ground-based monitors. The prevalence of lifetime-ever diagnosed pneumonia was 34.5% across six cities and differed significantly among cities (p = 0.004). The two-level logistic regression models showed that the adjusted odds ratio for PM2.5 (per 10 µg/m3) and its constituents (per 1 µg/m3)-SO42-, NO3-, NH4+, and OM were 1.12 (95% CI:1.07-1.18), 1.02 (1.00-1.04), 1.06 (1.04-1.09), 1.05 (1.03-1.07) and 1.09 (1.06-1.12), respectively. Children in urban area, aged < 5 years and breastfeeding time < 6 months enhanced the risks of pneumonia. Our study provided robust results that long-term levels of ambient PM2.5 and its constituents increased the risk of childhood pneumonia, especially NH4+, NO3- and OM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenming Shi
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Isabella Annesi-Maesano
- Epidemiology of Allergic and Respiratory Diseases Department, IPLESP, Sorbonne Université and INSERM, Medical School Saint-Antoine, F75012 Paris, France
| | - Dan Norback
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751, Sweden
| | - Qihong Deng
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Chen Huang
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Hua Qian
- School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Research Center for Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yuexia Sun
- Tianjin Key Lab of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- School of Nursing & Health Management, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Aaron van Donkelaar
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, B3H 4R2 Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Randall V Martin
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, B3H 4R2 Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; Atomic and Molecular Physics Division, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Yinping Zhang
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Baizhan Li
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Haidong Kan
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment (Fudan University), Shanghai Typhoon Institute/CMA, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Zhuohui Zhao
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment (Fudan University), Shanghai Typhoon Institute/CMA, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai 200030, China.
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16
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Dunea D, Liu HY, Iordache S, Buruleanu L, Pohoata A. Liaison between exposure to sub-micrometric particulate matter and allergic response in children from a petrochemical industry city. Sci Total Environ 2020; 745:141170. [PMID: 32758733 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The study examines the association between exposure to sub-micrometric Particulate Matter (PM1) and allergic response in a group of sensitive young children (age: 2-10 years) from Ploiesti city, Romania. The city is the only urban agglomeration in Europe surrounded by four oil refineries. A panel study was conducted by collecting medical information from children with respiratory illnesses and atopy (n = 135). Hot Spot Analysis revealed the areas of the city that are susceptible to high levels of PM1. We found a close interaction between exposure to PM1 outdoor concentrations and various physiological changes and clinical symptoms in children including triggering of allergic reactions, rhinitis, alteration of lung function, upper and lower respiratory tract symptoms, and bronchial asthma. During the 2-year study period, the incidence of hospitalizations was 40.7%. Strong correlations (p < 0.001) were observed between the PM1 exposure and hospitalizations, and exposure and Immunoglobulin E (IgE). PM1 exposure was also correlated with eosinophils (p < 0.05). Another positive correlation was observed between hospitalizations and IgE levels (p < 0.05). The mean results of tested indicators were as follows: wheezing (5.3, 95% CI (1.4-1.8); Coeff. of var. (CV) = 30%), IgE (382, 95% CI (349-445); CV = 102%), and EO% (5.3, 95% CI (3.3-4.2); CV = 69.5%). We can conclude that exposure to PM1 influenced the frequency of wheezing episodes, increased hospitalizations, and the levels of allergic blood indicators in children, especially in infants and pre-schoolers. CAPSULE: Exposure to sub-micrometric particles (PM1) influences the frequency of wheezing episodes, hospitalizations, and the levels of allergic blood indicators in children, especially in infants and pre-schoolers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Dunea
- Valahia University of Targoviste, Aleea Sinaia no.13, Targoviste, Dambovita 130004, Romania.
| | - Hai-Ying Liu
- Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Department of Environmental Impacts and Sustainability, Postboks 100, 2027 Kjeller, Norway.
| | - Stefania Iordache
- Valahia University of Targoviste, Aleea Sinaia no.13, Targoviste, Dambovita 130004, Romania.
| | - Lavinia Buruleanu
- Valahia University of Targoviste, Aleea Sinaia no.13, Targoviste, Dambovita 130004, Romania.
| | - Alin Pohoata
- Valahia University of Targoviste, Aleea Sinaia no.13, Targoviste, Dambovita 130004, Romania
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Levei L, Hoaghia M, Roman M, Marmureanu L, Moisa C, Levei EA, Ozunu A, Cadar O. Temporal Trend of PM10 and Associated Human Health Risk over the Past Decade in Cluj-Napoca City, Romania. Applied Sciences 2020; 10:5331. [DOI: 10.3390/app10155331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The human health risk associated with PM10 exposure was assessed for the residents of Cluj-Napoca city, Romania, for a best case-scenario based on the monthly average PM10 and for a worst-case scenario based on the monthly 90th percentile of PM10 concentration. As no toxicity value for PM10 was available, for the calculation of the hazard quotient, the toxicity value was considered to be equal to the annual limit value (40 µm/m3) set in the European Union (EU), and to air quality guidelines (20 µm/m3) set by the World Health Organization (WHO). The daily PM10 concentrations for the period 2009–2019, at the four monitoring stations existing in Cluj-Napoca, were obtained from the National Air Quality Monitoring Network. The annual PM10 values ranged between 20.3 and 29.5 µg/m3, and were below the annual limit value (40 µg/m3) set by European and national legislation, but above the annual air quality guideline (20 µg/m3) set by WHO. Generally, the monthly PM10 concentrations were higher from October to March than in the rest of the year. The monthly air quality index (AQI) showed the good to moderate quality of the air during the whole decade; however, there were days when the air quality was unhealthy for sensitive population groups. The air quality was more or less constant during the warm months, and improved significantly for the cold months from 2009 to 2019. In the best-case scenario, calculated using the EU annual limit value for PM10, the potential non-carcinogenic chronic health risk was present only in 2009 and 2010, but in the worst-case scenario, in each year there were periods, especially in the cold months, in which health risk was present. When considering the WHO air quality guidelines in the calculation of the health risk, the potential non-carcinogenic chronic health risk was present between October and March in each year in the best-case scenario, and in most of the months in the worst-case scenario.
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Abstract
Significance: Oxidative stress and oxidative damage are central hypothetical mechanisms for the adverse effects of airborne particulate matter (PM). Activation of inflammatory cells capable of generating reactive oxygen and nitrogen species is another proposed damage pathway. Understanding the interplay between these responses can help us understand the adverse health effects attributed to breathing polluted air. Recent Advances: The consequences of PM exposure on different organs are oxidative damage, decreased function, and inflammation, which can lead to the development/exacerbation of proinflammatory disorders. Mitochondrial damage is also an important event in PM-induced cytotoxicity. Critical Issues: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated during phagocytosis of the particles, leading to enhancement of oxidative stress and triggering the inflammatory response. The activation of inflammatory signaling pathways results in the release of cytokines and other mediators, which can further induce ROS production by activating endogenous enzymes, leading to a positive feedback loop, which can aggravate the effects triggered by PM exposure. Future Directions: Further research is required to elucidate the exact mechanisms by which PM exposure results in adverse health effects, in terms of the relationship between the redox responses triggered by the presence of the particles and the inflammation observed in the different organs, so the development/exacerbation of PM-associated health problems can be prevented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Animal Science, Plants for Human Health Institute, NC Research Campus, NC State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Natalia Magnani
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Brittany Woodby
- Department of Animal Science, Plants for Human Health Institute, NC Research Campus, NC State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sandra María Ferreira
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Evelson
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Huang M, Ivey C, Hu Y, Holmes HA, Strickland MJ. Source apportionment of primary and secondary PM 2.5: Associations with pediatric respiratory disease emergency department visits in the U.S. State of Georgia. Environ Int 2019; 133:105167. [PMID: 31634664 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We developed a hybrid chemical transport model and receptor model (CTM-RM) to conduct source apportionment of both primary and secondary PM2.5 (particulate matter ≤2.5 μm in diameter) at 36 km resolution throughout the U.S. State of Georgia for the years 2005 and 2007. This novel source apportionment model enabled us to estimate and compare associations of short-term changes in 12 PM2.5 source concentrations (agriculture, biogenic, coal, dust, fuel oil, metals, natural gas, non-road mobile diesel, non-road mobile gasoline, on-road mobile diesel, on-road mobile gasoline, and all other sources) with emergency department (ED) visits for pediatric respiratory diseases. ED visits for asthma (N = 49,651), pneumonia (N = 25,558), and acute upper respiratory infections (acute URI, N = 235,343) among patients aged ≤18 years were obtained from patient claims records. Using a case-crossover study, we estimated odds ratios per interquartile range (IQR) increase for 3-day moving average PM2.5 source concentrations using conditional logistic regression, matching on day-of-week, month, and year, and adjusting for average temperature, humidity, and holidays. We fit both single-source and multi-source models. We observed positive associations between several PM2.5 sources and ED visits for asthma, pneumonia, and acute URI. For example, for asthma, per IQR increase in the source contribution in the single-source model, odds ratios were 1.022 (95% CI: 1.013, 1.031) for dust; 1.050 (95% CI: 1.036, 1.063) for metals, and 1.091 (95% CI: 1.064, 1.119) for natural gas. These sources comprised 5.7%, 2.2%, and 6.3% of total PM2.5 mass, respectively. PM2.5 from metals and natural gas were positively associated with all three respiratory outcomes. In addition, non-road mobile diesel was positively associated with pneumonia and acute URI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiao Huang
- School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA.
| | - Cesunica Ivey
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.
| | - Yongtao Hu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Heather A Holmes
- Atmospheric Sciences Program, Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA.
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Lowe AA, Bender B, Liu AH, Solomon T, Kobernick A, Morgan W, Gerald LB. Environmental Concerns for Children with Asthma on the Navajo Nation. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2018; 15:745-53. [PMID: 29485894 DOI: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201708-674PS] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Navajo children living on the reservation have high rates of asthma prevalence and severity. Environmental influences may contribute to asthma on the Navajo Nation and are inadequately understood. OBJECTIVES We performed a comprehensive, integrative literature review to determine the environmental factors that may contribute to increased asthma prevalence and severity among Navajo children living on the reservation. METHODS A systematic search was conducted in four databases regarding the environmental risk factors for asthma in Navajo children living on the reservation. Relevant studies between 1990 and 2017 were examined. Nonexperimental literature was also integrated into the review to describe the environmental injustices that have historically, disproportionately, and systematically affected the Navajo people, thus contributing to respiratory disparities among Navajo children. RESULTS Eight studies met inclusion criteria for systematic review; however, limited research regarding environmental risk factors specific to asthma and Navajo children living on the reservation was identified. Our integrative review indicated both indoor and outdoor environmental risk factors commonly found on the Navajo reservation appear to be important determinants of asthma. CONCLUSIONS Future research should examine indoor and outdoor air pollution from wood-burning stoves and cook stoves, coal combustion, tobacco and traditional ceremonial smoke, diesel exhaust exposure from long bus rides, indoor allergens, ambient pollutants, and regional dusts. Comprehensive mitigation efforts created in partnership with the Navajo Nation are necessary to address less-recognized risk factors as well as the common risk factors known to contribute to increased childhood asthma prevalence and severity.
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Radulescu, Stihi, Ion, Dulama, Stanescu, Stirbescu, Teodorescu, Gurgu, Let, Olteanu, Stirbescu, Bucurica, Olteanu, Nicolescu. Seasonal Variability in the Composition of Particulate Matter and the Microclimate in Cultural Heritage Areas. Atmosphere 2019; 10:595. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos10100595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study is the first attempt to decipher the effect of particulate matter (PM) composition on people’s health and on historic sites, in correlation with the daily and seasonal microclimate monitoring of the indoor and outdoor areas of the Roman Mosaic Edifice museum (the maritime port of Constanta, Romania). More specifically, the increase of metal concentrations in particulate matter during the summer of 2018 and spring of 2019 in the museum under investigation could possibly be associated with the microclimates of both seasons, with coastal factors, as well as with the anthropic activities specific to the port of Constanta. FTIR and inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) techniques, used for the investigation of PM2.5–10 samples, revealed high concentrations of Fe, Al-rich, and soluble particles inside the investigated museum area. In this respect, the chemical measurements of the PM2.5–10 masses highlighted high concentrations of heavy metals (i.e., Al, Fe, Zn, Mn, and Pb) and low concentrations of trace metals (i.e., Cr, Ni, Cu, and Cd). Statistical analysis showed that the chemical compositions of the particulate matter in the indoor and outdoor areas of the Roman Mosaic Edifice were influenced by microclimatic conditions, mainly temperature and relative humidity (RH). A potential health risk for tourists is the thermal and humid conditions, alongside the toxic components of the particulate matter. This research seeks to provide solutions for improving the environmental conditions inside the Roman Mosaic Edifice and to offer useful suggestions concerning health promotion and the protection of museum exhibits against possible future deterioration.
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Cui X, Zhou T, Shen Y, Rong Y, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Xiao L, Zhou Y, Li W, Chen W. Different biological effects of PM 2.5 from coal combustion, gasoline exhaust and urban ambient air relate to the PAH/metal compositions. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 69:120-128. [PMID: 31026736 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have compared the biological effects of PM2.5 from coal combustion, gasoline exhaust and urban ambient air, and the roles of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and metals playing in the process remain unclear. In this study, PM2.5 samples from coal combustion, gasoline exhaust and urban ambient air were analyzed for 16 PAHs and 23 metals. Cytotoxic and inflammatory effects of different PM2.5 were evaluated on differentiated THP-1 and A549 cells, respectively. We found that the coal combustion PM2.5 samples induced stronger cytotoxic and inflammatory effects (p < 0.05). Pearson's correlation and principal component analysis showed that the PAHs containing four or more benzenoid rings and specific metals of cadmium, thallium, zinc and lead were positively related to the biological effects. Our results suggested that coal combustion PM2.5 might be a more serious health hazard. Specific PAHs and metals might be account for the PM2.5 induced biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqing Cui
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Institute of Health Surveillance, Analysis and Protection, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, China
| | - Yan Shen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Yi Rong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Yuewei Liu
- Institute of Health Surveillance, Analysis and Protection, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, China
| | - Lili Xiao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Weihong Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
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Bansal E, Placidi D, Carver S, Renzetti S, Giorgino A, Cagna G, Zoni S, Fedrighi C, Montemurro M, Oppini M, Conversano M, Guazzetti S, Wright RO, Smith D, Claudio L, Lucchini RG. Metabolic Outcomes in Southern Italian Preadolescents Residing Near an Industrial Complex: The Role of Residential Location and Socioeconomic Status. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:E2036. [PMID: 31181712 PMCID: PMC6603983 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16112036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that environmental exposures and socioeconomic factors may interact to produce metabolic changes in children. We assessed the influence of residential location and socioeconomic status (SES) on pediatric body mass index (BMI) Z-score and fasting blood glucose (FBG) concentration. Participants included 214 children aged 6-11 years who live near a large industrial complex in Taranto, Italy. Participants were grouped into residential zones based on the distance between their home address and the complex periphery (Zone 1: 0.000-4.999 km, Zone 2: 5.000-9.999 km, Zone 3: 10.000-15.000 km). BMI Z-scores were calculated via World Health Organization (WHO) pediatric reference curves. FBG was obtained via venous blood sampling. Closer residential location to the industrial complex on the order of 5.000 km was significantly associated with worsened metabolic outcomes, particularly in female children. Zone 1 participants had higher BMI-adjusted FBG than Zone 2 and 3 participants (p < 0.05 versus Zone 2; p < 0.01 versus Zone 3). SES did not significantly influence BMI-adjusted FBG. Moreover, BMI Z-scores indicated high rates of overweight (22.0%) and obesity (22.9%) in the cohort. BMI Z-score was not significantly associated with SES or residential zone but was negatively associated with maternal education level (p < 0.05). These results offer new evidence that residing near industrial activity may predict adverse effects on child metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esha Bansal
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Donatella Placidi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Shaye Carver
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
- Department of Biology, Morrissey College of Arts and Sciences, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, PA 02467, USA.
| | - Stefano Renzetti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Augusto Giorgino
- Department of Prevention, Local Health Authority of Taranto, 74121 Taranto, Italy.
| | - Giuseppa Cagna
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Silvia Zoni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Chiara Fedrighi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Miriana Montemurro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
- Department of Prevention, Local Health Authority of Taranto, 74121 Taranto, Italy.
| | - Manuela Oppini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Michele Conversano
- Department of Prevention, Local Health Authority of Taranto, 74121 Taranto, Italy.
| | - Stefano Guazzetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
- Local Health Authority of Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Donald Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
| | - Luz Claudio
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Roberto G Lucchini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Motesaddi Zarandi S, Shahsavani A, Khodagholi F, Fakhri Y. Concentration, sources and human health risk of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons bound PM 2.5 ambient air, Tehran, Iran. Environ Geochem Health 2019; 41:1473-1487. [PMID: 30552597 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-018-0229-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The exposure to heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) bound to particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) ambient air can result in some adverse health effect. In the current study, PM2.5 ambient air of Tehran metropolitan, Iran, was characterized by the aid of scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive X-ray techniques. Also, the human health risk of heavy metals and PAHs bound PM2.5 for adults and children was assessed using the Monte Carlo simulation method. According to our findings, a size range of 0.97-2.46 μm with an average diameter of 1.56 μm for PM2.5 was noted. The average concentration of PM2.5 in ambient air (8.29E+04 ± 2.94E+04 ng m-3) significantly (p < 0.05) was suppressed the national (2.50E+04 ng m-3), World Health Organization (2.50E+04 ng m-3) and Environmental Protection Agency (3.50E+04 ng m-3) standard limits. The rank order of heavy metals bound PM2.5 was determined as Al > Cu > Cd > Cr > Pb > Ni > Fe > Mn. The maximum concentration among 16 PAHs compounds investigated was correlated with Phenanthrene. Considering the principal component analysis, the main source of heavy metals (Ni, Pb and Cr) is vehicle combustion. Moreover, the rank order of exposure pathways based on their health risk was ingestion > inhalation > dermal contact. Moreover, the significant health risks for Tehran residents due to heavy metals bound PM2.5 [target hazard quotient > 1; carcinogenic risk > 1.00E-06)] were noted based on the health risk assessment. Excessive carcinogenic risk (ECR) of PAHs bound PM2.5 was 4.16E-07 that demonstrated that there is no considerable risk (ECR < 1.00E-06).
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Motesaddi Zarandi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Shahsavani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Khodagholi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yadolah Fakhri
- Student Research Committee, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Zhao YX, Zhang HR, Yang XN, Zhang YH, Feng S, Yu FX, Yan XX. Fine Particulate Matter-Induced Exacerbation of Allergic Asthma via Activation of T-cell Immunoglobulin and Mucin Domain 1. Chin Med J (Engl) 2019; 131:2461-2473. [PMID: 30334531 PMCID: PMC6202600 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.243551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exacerbates airway inflammation and hyperreactivity in patients with asthma, but the mechanism remains unclear. The aim of this study was to observe the effects of prolonged exposure to high concentrations of PM2.5 on the pathology and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) of BALB/c mice undergoing sensitization and challenge with ovalbumin (OVA) and to observe the effects of apoptosis and T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 1 (TIM-1) in this process. Methods: Forty female BALB/c mice were divided into four groups: control group, OVA group, OVA/PM group, and PM group (n = 10 in each group). Mice in the control group were exposed to filtered clean air. Mice in the OVA group were sensitized and challenged with OVA. Mice in the OVA/PM group were sensitized and challenged as in the OVA group and then exposed to PM2.5 for 4 h per day and 5 days per week for a total of 8 weeks using a nose-only “PM2.5 online enrichment system” in The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University. Mice in the PM group were exposed to the PM2.5 online enrichment system only. AHR was detected. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected for cell classification. The levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, and IL-33 in BALF were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Changes in histological structures were examined by light microscopy, and changes in ultramicrostructures were detected by electron microscopy. Apoptosis was determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assay in the lung tissues. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were utilized to analyze the expression of Bcl-2, Bax, and TIM-1 in the lungs. Results: The results showed that AHR in the OVA/PM group was significantly more severe than that in the OVA and PM groups (P < 0.05). AHR in the PM group was also considerably more severe than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The BALF of OVA/PM group (28.00 ± 6.08 vs. 12.33 ± 4.51, t = 4.631, P = 0.002) and PM group (29.00 ± 3.00 vs. 12.33 ± 4.51, t = 4.927, P = 0.001) had more lymphocytes than the BALF of the control group. The number of neutrophils in the BALF of the OVA/PM group (6.67 ± 1.53 vs. 3.33 ± 1.53, t = 2.886, P = 0.020) and PM group (6.67 ± 1.53 vs. 3.33 ± 1.53, t = 2.886, P = 0.020) was much higher than those in the BALF of OVA group (P < 0.05). TUNEL assays showed that the number of apoptotic cells in the OVA/PM group was significantly higher than that in the OVA group (Tunel immunohistochemical scores [IHS%], 1.20 ± 0.18 vs. 0.51 ± 0.03, t = 8.094, P < 0.001) and PM group (Tunel IHS%, 1.20 ± 0.18 vs. 0.51 ± 0.09, t = 8.094, P < 0.001), and that the number of apoptotic cells in the PM group was significantly higher than that in the control group (Tunel IHS%, 0.51 ± 0.09 vs. 0.26 ± 0.03, t = 2.894, P = 0.020). The concentrations of IL-4 (77.44 ± 11.19 vs. 48.02 ± 10.02 pg/ml, t = 4.595, P = 0.002) and IL-5 (15.65 ± 1.19 vs. 12.35 ± 0.95 pg/ml, t = 3.806, P = 0.005) and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio (1.51 ± 0.18 vs. 0.48 ± 0.10, t = 9.654, P < 0.001) and TIM-1/β-actin ratio (0.78 ± 0.11 vs. 0.40 ± 0.06, t = 6.818, P < 0.001) in the OVA/PM group were increased compared to those in the OVA group. The concentrations of IL-4 (77.44 ± 11.19 vs. 41.47 ± 3.40 pg/ml, t = 5.617, P = 0.001) and IL-5 (15.65 ± 1.19 vs. 10.99 ± 1.40 pg/ml, t = 5.374, P = 0.001) and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio (1.51 ± 0.18 vs. 0.97 ± 0.16, t = 5.000, P = 0.001) and TIM-1/β-actin ratio (0.78 ± 0.11 vs. 0.31 ± 0.06, t = 8.545, P < 0.001) in the OVA/PM group were increased compared to those in the PM group. The concentration of IL-4 (41.47 ± 3.40 vs. 25.46 ± 2.98 pg/ml, t = 2.501, P = 0.037) and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio (0.97 ± 0.16 vs. 0.18 ± 0.03, t = 7.439, P < 0.001) and TIM-1/β-actin ratio (0.31 ± 0.06 vs. 0.02 ± 0.01, t = 5.109, P = 0.001) in the PM group were also higher than those in the control group. Conclusions: Exacerbated AHR associated with allergic asthma caused by PM2.5 is related to increased apoptosis and TIM-1 activation. These data might provide insights into therapeutic targets for the treatment of acute exacerbations of asthma induced by PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Xia Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000; Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Hui-Ran Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Xiu-Na Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Yu-Hao Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Jinzhou General Hospital, Hebei 052260, China
| | - Shan Feng
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Feng-Xue Yu
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Xi-Xin Yan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
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Yu J, Tang Y, Xu J. Effects of indoor coal fine particulate matter on the expression levels of inflammatory factors in ovalbumin-induced mice. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2019; 8:57-66. [PMID: 30713661 PMCID: PMC6334494 DOI: 10.1039/c8tx00221e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Cooking and heating with coal is the main source of household air pollution in acid rain-plagued areas of China and is a leading contributor to disease burden. In this study, we investigated the adverse effects of exposure to indoor fine particulate matter emission from coal combustion on the expression levels of inflammatory factors in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced mice. Methods: Forty BALB/c male mice were randomly divided into four groups (control group, PM2.5 group, OVA group, and OVA + PM2.5 group; n = 10) and treated with ovalbumin (OVA) or PM2.5, alone or together. Interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-7 (IL-7), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-17 (IL-17), transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), and interferon γ (IFN-γ) protein expression levels were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Additionally, serum immunoglobulin (Ig) IgE and IgG1 levels were measured. The mRNA expression levels of IL-7 and IFN-γ in pulmonary tissue were also analyzed. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), inflammatory cell counts, and histopathological examinations were also performed. Results: Exposure to PM2.5 + OVA induced abnormal pathological changes and inflammatory responses in lungs compared to the control. The levels of IL-4, IL-7, IL-8 and IL-17 in BALF from the OVA + PM2.5 group were higher than those in BALF from the control group, OVA group, and PM2.5 group (P < 0.05). PM2.5 plus OVA significantly raised the serum IgE and IgG1 levels compared with the control group. An increasing IL-7 mRNA trend was found among the treatment groups (P < 0.05). The expression level of IFN-γ mRNA was significantly higher in the control group than in the other 3 groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Indoor coal PM2.5 was sufficient by itself to cause inflammatory cellular infiltration of pulmonary tissue, leading to organelle injury and physiological structure change. Additionally, it promoted the occurrence and development of asthma by influencing the expression levels of IL-7 and various relevant inflammatory factors (such as IL-4 and IL-8) and changing the equilibrium between Treg and Th17 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yu
- School of Public Health , Zunyi Medical University , Zunyi , Guizhou 563099 , P.R. China . ; Tel: +86851-28642732
| | - Yin Tang
- School of Public Health , Zunyi Medical University , Zunyi , Guizhou 563099 , P.R. China . ; Tel: +86851-28642732
| | - Jie Xu
- School of Public Health , Zunyi Medical University , Zunyi , Guizhou 563099 , P.R. China . ; Tel: +86851-28642732
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Feng Y, Wang X, Du W, Liu J. Effects of Air Pollution Control on Urban Development Quality in Chinese Cities Based on Spatial Durbin Model. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018; 15:ijerph15122822. [PMID: 30544960 PMCID: PMC6313526 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15122822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
With the rapid development of urbanization, industrialization, and motorization, a large number of Chinese cities have been affected by heavy air pollution. In order to promote the development quality of Chinese cities, mixed regulations to control air pollution have been implemented under the lead of government. The principal component analysis and efficacy coefficient method are used to estimate urban development quality, according to the panel data of 285 prefecture-level cities in China over the period 2003–2016. On this basis, the paper uses the spatial Durbin model to study the direct impact and the spatial spillover effect of air pollution control on urban development quality in China. Results show that the control of smoke and dust has improved urban development quality in China, however, the control of sulfur dioxide has led to the decline of urban development quality in China. Furthermore, the impact of air pollution control on urban development quality in the eastern region is of great significance in statistical tests, while the situation in the central and western regions has not passed the test, implying the spatial heterogeneity among different regions. The different effects of air pollution control on urban development quality in different regions also illustrate the consciousness and supervision of local governments’ environment protection. Finally, the effects decomposition of the influencing factors based on spatial Durbin model (SDM) also supports the robust findings. Promoting the upgrading of energy consumption structure, raising awareness of environmental protection and supervision, and strengthening cooperation of different regions are suggested. Further recommendations are provided to improve the conceptual design and increase the credibility of our research. Our study not only provides new evidence on the impact of air pollution control on urban development quality in China, but also proposes a new perspective to promote urban development quality in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchao Feng
- School of Economics and Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- School of Economics and Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Wenchao Du
- School of Economics and Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Jun Liu
- School of Economics and Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
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Wu KG, Chang CY, Yen CY, Lai CC. Associations between environmental heavy metal exposure and childhood asthma: A population-based study. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2018; 52:352-362. [PMID: 30177433 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE The health risks of environmental heavy metals have been of concern are well known. The greater likelihood of heavy metal contamination in the physical environment increases the risk of asthma, especially in children. This cross-sectional, population-based study sought to investigate associations between heavy metal exposure and childhood asthma or wheezing. METHODS Data from 5866 subjects, stratified into age groups of 2-5, 6-11, and 12-15 years, from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2012 conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were analyzed retrospectively. The primary outcome was active asthma. Variables included demographics, anthropometric, and clinical data. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify associations between blood heavy metal concentrations and adjusted odds (aORs) of active asthma. RESULTS Higher concentration of blood lead was associated with higher adjusted odds of having asthma (aOR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.00-1.16), but no significant effect was shown for current wheezing or whistling. Age-stratified analysis showed that higher blood lead concentration was associated with higher risk for active asthma (aOR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.08-1.42) and current wheezing or whistling (aOR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.04-1.38) in the 6-11 years age group, while higher blood mercury concentration was associated with lower risk of current wheezing or whistling (aOR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.90-0.99). The medium concentration of blood lead was associated with decreased risks of current wheezing or whistling (aOR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.30-0.96) in the 2-5 years age group. CONCLUSION Higher concentrations of blood lead are associated with higher odds of asthma in children aged 2-15 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keh-Gong Wu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Yuan Chang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Yen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chou-Cheng Lai
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Aminiyan MM, Baalousha M, Aminiyan FM. Evolution of human health risk based on EPA modeling for adults and children and pollution level of potentially toxic metals in Rafsanjan road dust: a case study in a semi-arid region, Iran. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:19767-19778. [PMID: 29736653 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2176-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Humans can be directly exposed to potentially toxic metals in the urban environment via inhalation, ingestion, or dermal contact of dust particles. This paper focuses on human health risk assessment of urban dust contaminated with potentially toxic metals. The levels, sources, and human health risks of nine potentially toxic metals (i.e., As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, Co, Mn, and Zn) in 200 road dust samples from Rafsanjan area were investigated. Pollution level was assessed using the pollution index (PI) and geoaccumulation index (Igeo), and the health risk assessment was performed following the methodology described by the US Environmental Protection Agency. The mean concentrations of As, Cu, Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Zn, Co, and Mn in road dust were 105.3 ± 5.7, 791.4 ± 29.8, 123.1 ± 9.7, 28.4 ± 3.3, 3.1 ± 0.6, 18.4 ± 1.6, 252.6 ± 8.3, 16.5 ± 1.4, and 525.9 ± 21.0 mg kg-1, respectively. Thus, the concentrations of potentially toxic metals in road dust were higher than their corresponding natural background values, indicating that all studied potentially toxic metals were impacted by anthropogenic activities. The results of the current study are comparable to other studies conducted on road dust in other cities worldwide. Both of Igeo and PI decreased following order Cu > Mn > Pb > As > Zn > Cd > Ni > Cr > Co. Health risk assessment indicated that both of children and adults could be exposed to a potential increased risk of developing cancer over a lifetime from exposure to arsenic through ingestion of the dust samples. However, Pb ingestion can increase cancer risk in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Mirzaei Aminiyan
- College of Agriculture, Soil Science Department, Bu-Ali Sina University, Azadegan Street, Hamedan, 6517833131, Iran.
| | - Mohammed Baalousha
- Center for Environmental Nanoscience and Risk, Arnold School of Public Health, University South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Farzad Mirzaei Aminiyan
- Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Vali-e-Asr Rafsanjan University, Rafsanjan, Iran
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Liu H, Dunea D, Iordache S, Pohoata A. A Review of Airborne Particulate Matter Effects on Young Children’s Respiratory Symptoms and Diseases. Atmosphere 2018; 9:150. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos9040150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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31
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Chen F, Lin Z, Chen R, Norback D, Liu C, Kan H, Deng Q, Huang C, Hu Y, Zou Z, Liu W, Wang J, Lu C, Qian H, Yang X, Zhang X, Qu F, Sundell J, Zhang Y, Li B, Sun Y, Zhao Z. The effects of PM 2.5 on asthmatic and allergic diseases or symptoms in preschool children of six Chinese cities, based on China, Children, Homes and Health (CCHH) project. Environ Pollut 2018; 232:329-337. [PMID: 28970023 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.08.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The urbanization and industrialization in China is accompanied by bad air quality, and the prevalence of asthma in Chinese children has been increasing in recent years. To investigate the associations between ambient PM2.5 levels and asthmatic and allergic diseases or symptoms in preschool children in China, we assigned PM2.5 exposure data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) project to 205 kindergartens at a spatial resolution of 0.1° × 0.1° in six cities in China (Shanghai, Nanjing, Chongqing, Changsha, Urumqi, and Taiyuan). A hierarchical multiple logistical regression model was applied to analyze the associations between kindergarten-level PM2.5 exposure and individual-level outcomes of asthmatic and allergic symptoms. The individual-level variables, including gender, age, family history of asthma and allergic diseases, breastfeeding, parental smoking, indoor dampness, interior decoration pollution, household annual income, and city-level variable-annual temperature were adjusted. A total of 30,759 children (average age 4.6 years, 51.7% boys) were enrolled in this study. Apart from family history, indoor dampness, and decoration as predominant risk factors, we found that an increase of 10 μg/m3 of the annual PM2.5 was positively associated with the prevalence of allergic rhinitis by an odds ratio (OR) of 1.20 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11, 1.29) and diagnosed asthma by OR of 1.10 (95% CI 1.03, 1.18). Those who lived in non-urban (vs. urban) areas were exposed to more severe indoor air pollution arising from biomass combustion and had significantly higher ORs between PM2.5 and allergic rhinitis and current rhinitis. Our study suggested that long-term exposure to PM2.5 might increase the risks of asthmatic and allergic diseases or symptoms in preschool children in China. Compared to those living in urban areas, children living in suburban or rural areas had a higher risk of PM2.5 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei'er Chen
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhijing Lin
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Renjie Chen
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dan Norback
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751, Sweden
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Haidong Kan
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qihong Deng
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Chen Huang
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yu Hu
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Zhijun Zou
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751, Sweden
| | - Chan Lu
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Hua Qian
- School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Xu Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Research Center for Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Fang Qu
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jan Sundell
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yinping Zhang
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Baizhan Li
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yuexia Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zhuohui Zhao
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Talbi A, Kerchich Y, Kerbachi R, Boughedaoui M. Assessment of annual air pollution levels with PM1, PM2.5, PM10 and associated heavy metals in Algiers, Algeria. Environ Pollut 2018; 232:252-263. [PMID: 28943349 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of particulate matter less than 1 μm, 2.5 μm, 10 μm and their contents of heavy metals were investigated in two different stations, urban and roadside at Algiers (Algeria). Sampling was conducted during two years by a high volume samplers (HVS) equipped with a cascade impactor at four levels stage, for one year sampling. The characterization of the heavy metals associated to the particulate matter (PM) was carried out by X-Ray Fluorescence analysis (XRF). The annual average concentration of PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 in both stations were 18.24, 32.23 and 60.01 μg m-3 respectively. The PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations in roadside varied from 13.46 to 25.59 μg m-3, 20.82-49.85 μg m-3 and 45.90-77.23 μg m-3 respectively. However in the urban station, the PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations varied from 10.45 to 26.24 μg m-3, 18.53-47.58 μg m-3 and 43.8-91.62 μg m-3. The heavy metals associated to the PM were confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-Ray analyses (SEM-EDX). The different spots of PM2.5 analysis by SEM-EDX shows the presence of nineteen elements with anthropogenic and natural origins, within the heavy metal detected, the lead was found with maximum of 5% (weight percent). In order to determine the source contributions of PM levels at the two sampling sites sampling, principal compound analysis (PCA) was applied to the collected data. Statistical analysis confirmed anthropogenic source with traffic being a significant source and high contribution of natural emissions. At both sites, the PM2.5/PM10 ratio is lower than that usually recorded in developed countries. The study of the back-trajectories of the air masses starting from Sahara shows that desert dust influences the concentration and the composition of the PM measured in Algiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelhamid Talbi
- Environmental Science and Technology Laboratory, National Polytechnic School of Algiers, Algiers 16200, Algeria
| | - Yacine Kerchich
- Materials and Environmental Laboratory, University of Medea, AinD'Heb, 26001 Medea, Algeria.
| | - Rabah Kerbachi
- Environmental Science and Technology Laboratory, National Polytechnic School of Algiers, Algiers 16200, Algeria
| | - Ménouèr Boughedaoui
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, University of Blida 1, Route de Soumaa, Blida 09000, Algeria
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Liu Y, Xie S, Yu Q, Huo X, Ming X, Wang J, Zhou Y, Peng Z, Zhang H, Cui X, Xiang H, Huang X, Zhou T, Chen W, Shi T. Short-term effects of ambient air pollution on pediatric outpatient visits for respiratory diseases in Yichang city, China. Environ Pollut 2017; 227:116-124. [PMID: 28458242 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that short-term exposure to ambient air pollution was associated with pediatric hospital admissions and emergency room visits for certain respiratory diseases; however, there is limited evidence on the association between short-term air pollution exposure and pediatric outpatient visits. Our aim was to quantitatively assess the short-term effects of ambient air pollution on pediatric outpatient visits for respiratory diseases. We conducted a time-series study in Yichang city, China between Jan 1, 2014 and Dec 31, 2015. Daily counts of pediatric respiratory outpatient visits were collected from 3 large hospitals, and then linked with air pollution data from 5 air quality monitoring stations by date. We used generalized additive Poisson models to conduct linear and nonlinear exposure-response analyses between air pollutant exposures and pediatric respiratory outpatient visits, adjusting for seasonality, day of week, public holiday, temperature, and relative humidity. Each interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM2.5 (lag 0), PM10 (lag 0), NO2 (lag 0), CO (lag 0), and O3 (lag 4) concentrations was significantly associated with a 1.91% (95% CI: 0.60%, 3.23%), 2.46% (1.09%, 3.85%), 1.88% (0.49%, 3.29%), 2.00% (0.43%, 3.59%), and 1.91% (0.45%, 3.39%) increase of pediatric respiratory outpatient visits, respectively. Similarly, the nonlinear exposure-response analyses showed monotonic increases of pediatric respiratory outpatient visits by increasing air pollutant exposures, though the associations for NO2 and CO attenuated at higher concentrations. These associations were unlikely modified by season. We did not observe significant association for SO2 exposure. Our results suggest that short-term exposures to PM2.5, PM10, NO2, CO, and O3 may account for increased risk of pediatric outpatient visits for respiratory diseases, and emphasize the needs for reduction of air pollutant exposures for children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuewei Liu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shuguang Xie
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qing Yu
- Yichang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Xixiang Huo
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ming
- Yichang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhe Peng
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hai Zhang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiuqing Cui
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hua Xiang
- Wuhan Regional Climate Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiji Huang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Weihong Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tingming Shi
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Liu H, Fan X, Wang N, Zhang Y, Yu J. Exacerbating effects of PM2.5 in OVA-sensitized and challenged mice and the expression of TRPA1 and TRPV1 proteins in lungs. J Asthma 2017; 54:807-817. [PMID: 28102732 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2016.1266495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of particulate matter ≤ 2.5 microns (PM2.5) on asthma-related phenotypes and on lung expression of TRPA1 and TRPV1 proteins in a mouse model of asthma. METHODS Female BALB/c mice were utilized to establish 28- and 42-day asthma models. Mice were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) and challenged with OVA, OVA plus normal saline (NS), or OVA plus PM2.5 at two doses, 1.6 or 8.0 mg kg-1. PM2.5 was instilled intratracheally without anesthesia. After the final OVA challenge was performed, 24 hours later, the changes in airway resistance (RI) and lung dynamic compliance (Cdyn) in response to acetylcholine chloride (ACH) were evaluated, and blood, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue were taken at that time. The number of eosinophils in blood and various leukocytes in BALF were determined. Lung protein was extracted and probed for TRPA1 and TRPV1 expression. Interleukin (IL)-13, substance P (SP), prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) and nerve growth factor (NGF) in BALF were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS PM2.5 treated mice showed significantly greater changes in the number of inflammatory cells in blood and BALF, in RI and Cdyn in response to ACH, and in lung histopathology, indicated by inflammatory cell infiltration, thickened bronchial smooth muscles and bronchial mucosa damage, compared to controls. In addition, higher expression of TRPA1 and TRPV1 in lung and IL-13, SP, PGD2 and NGF in BALF were seen in mice exposed to PM2.5. All effects were most pronounced in mice in the 42-day model. CONCLUSIONS PM2.5 exacerbates effects of asthma in this model, possibly by regulating TRPA1 and TRPV1 and the relevant neurokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- a School of Basic Medicine , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , People's Republic of China.,b Library of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Xinsheng Fan
- a School of Basic Medicine , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Naiqian Wang
- a School of Basic Medicine , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyan Zhang
- c Nanjing Environmental Monitoring Center , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghua Yu
- d First school of clinical medicine , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , People's Republic of China
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Dunea D, Iordache S, Pohoata A, Bohler T, Savu T. Towards a Better Protection of Children's Respiratory Health against Particulate Matter Pollution in Urban Areas – ROkidAIR Project. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2017.07.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Dunea D, Iordache S, Pohoata A. Fine Particulate Matter in Urban Environments: A Trigger of Respiratory Symptoms in Sensitive Children. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2016; 13:ijerph13121246. [PMID: 27983715 PMCID: PMC5201387 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13121246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The overall objective of this research was to study children’s respiratory illness levels in Targoviste (Romania) in relationship to the outdoor concentrations of airborne particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter below 2.5 µm (PM2.5). We monitored and analysed the PM2.5 concentrations according to a complex experimental protocol. The health trial was conducted over three months (October–December 2015) and required the active cooperation of the children’s parents to monitor carefully the respiratory symptoms of the child, i.e., coughing, rhinorrhoea, wheezing, and fever, as well as their outdoor program. We selected the most sensitive children (n = 25; age: 2–10 years) with perturbed respiratory health, i.e., wheezing, asthma, and associated symptoms. The estimated average PM2.5 doses were 0.8–14.5 µg·day−1 for weekdays, and 0.4–6.6 µg·day−1 for the weekend. The frequency and duration of the symptoms decreased with increasing age. The 4- to 5-year old children recorded the longest duration of symptoms, except for rhinorrhoea, which suggested that this age interval is the most vulnerable to exogenous trigger agents (p < 0.01) compared to the other age groups. PM2.5 air pollution was found to have a direct positive correlation with the number of wheezing episodes (r = 0.87; p < 0.01) in November 2015. Monitoring of wheezing occurrences in the absence of fever can provide a reliable assessment of the air pollution effect on the exacerbation of asthma and respiratory disorders in sensitive children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Dunea
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Food Science, Valahia University of Targoviste, Aleea Sinaia No.13, RO-130004 Targoviste, jud. Dambovita, Romania.
| | - Stefania Iordache
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Food Science, Valahia University of Targoviste, Aleea Sinaia No.13, RO-130004 Targoviste, jud. Dambovita, Romania.
| | - Alin Pohoata
- Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Valahia University of Targoviste, Bd. Unirii No.18-24, RO-130082 Targoviste, jud. Dambovita, Romania.
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Magnani ND, Marchini T, Garcés M, Mebert A, Cáceres L, Diaz L, Desimone M, Evelson PA. Role of transition metals present in air particulate matter on lung oxygen metabolism. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 81:419-426. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Lin RT, Christiani DC, Kawachi I, Chan TC, Chiang PH, Chan CC. Increased Risk of Respiratory Mortality Associated with the High-Tech Manufacturing Industry: A 26-Year Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2016; 13:ijerph13060557. [PMID: 27271647 PMCID: PMC4924014 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13060557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Global high-tech manufacturers are mainly located in newly industrialized countries, raising concerns about adverse health consequences from industrial pollution for people living nearby. We investigated the ecological association between respiratory mortality and the development of Taiwan's high-tech manufacturing, taking into account industrialization and socioeconomic development, for 19 cities and counties-6 in the science park group and 13 in the control group-from 1982 to 2007. We applied a linear mixed-effects model to analyze how science park development over time is associated with age-adjusted and sex-specific mortality rates for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Asthma and female COPD mortality rates decreased in both groups, but they decreased 9%-16% slower in the science park group. Male COPD mortality rates increased in both groups, but the rate increased 10% faster in the science park group. Science park development over time was a significant predictor of death from asthma (p ≤ 0.0001) and COPD (p = 0.0212). The long-term development of clustered high-tech manufacturing may negatively affect nearby populations, constraining health advantages that were anticipated, given overall progress in living standards, knowledge, and health services. National governments should incorporate the long-term health effects on local populations into environmental impact assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ro-Ting Lin
- Takemi Program in International Health, Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - David C Christiani
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Ta-Chien Chan
- Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Huang Chiang
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan.
| | - Chang-Chuan Chan
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10055, Taiwan.
- Global Health Center, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10055, Taiwan.
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