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Roy PK, Paul A, Lalchhuanawmi S, Babu NK, Singh S. Pyridoxal kinase gene deletion leads to impaired growth, deranged redox metabolism and cell cycle arrest in Leishmania donovani. Biochimie 2024; 222:72-86. [PMID: 38403043 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Pyridoxal kinase (PdxK) is a vitamin B6 salvage pathway enzyme which produces pyridoxal phosphate. We have investigated the impact of PdxK deletion in Leishmania donovani on parasite survivability, infectivity and cellular metabolism. LdPdxK mutants were generated by gene replacement strategy. All mutants showed significant reduction in growth in comparison to wild type. For PdxK mediated biochemical perturbations, only heterozygous mutants and complementation mutants were used as the growth of null mutants were compromised. Heterozygous mutant showed reduction invitro infectivity and higher cytosolic and mitochondrial ROS levels. Glutathione levels decreased significantly in heterozygous mutant indicating its involvement in cellular oxidative metabolism. Pyridoxal kinase gene deletion resulted in reduced ATP levels in parasites and arrest at G0/G1 phase of cell cycle. All these perturbations were rescued by PdxK gene complementation. This is the first report to confirm that LdPdxK plays an indispensable role in cell survival, pathogenicity, redox metabolism and cell cycle progression of L. donovani parasites. These results provide substantial evidence supporting PdxK as a therapeutic target for the development of specific antileishmanial drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradyot Kumar Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Anindita Paul
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Sandra Lalchhuanawmi
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Neerupudi Kishore Babu
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Sushma Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, 160062, Punjab, India.
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Seif MA, Al-Mohammed HI. ASSESSMENT OF THE OXIDATIVE AND NITROSATIVE STRESS IN THE SERUM OF SAUDI PATIENTS WITH CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS BEFORE AND AFTER TREATMENT. J Parasitol 2021; 107:810-816. [PMID: 34648629 DOI: 10.1645/20-109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages, within which Leishmania species replicate, generate large amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) to kill these parasites. The present study assessed the oxidative and nitrosative stress, and specific immune enzymes in the serum of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis (Cl) before and after treatment and in the control individuals. Serum activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), L-arginase, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and adenosine deaminase (ADA) and the levels of reduced glutathione, malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitric oxide (NO) were studied. The activities of L-arginase, MPO, and ADA and the levels of MDA and NO were significantly elevated (P < 0.001), while the activities of SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px, and the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) were significantly (P < 0.001) reduced in untreated patients as compared with values of patients after treatment and of control individuals. The treatment, which included intramuscular injection of sodium stibogluconate and meglumine antimoniate, ameliorated these factors in comparison to the untreated group. These results suggest that oxidative and nitrosative stress may play an important role in the pathogenesis of untreated cutaneous leishmaniasis. Furthermore, the reduction in oxidative and nitrosative stress in the treated Cl patients may be due to the drug decreasing energy production by the parasite, which eventually leads to its death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mossad A Seif
- Division of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 10950, Hufof, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamdan I Al-Mohammed
- Division of Parasitology, Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 10950, Hufof, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Alkathiri B, El-Khadragy MF, Metwally DM, Al-Olayan EM, Bakhrebah MA, Abdel Moneim AE. Pomegranate (Punica granatum) Juice Shows Antioxidant Activity against Cutaneous Leishmaniasis-Induced Oxidative Stress in Female BALB/c Mice. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2017; 14:E1592. [PMID: 29258248 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14121592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Leishmania species are parasites that multiply within phagocytes and cause several clinical diseases characterized by single or multiple ulcerations. One of the complications that can induce tissue damage and the resulting scars is caused by secondary bacterial infections. Studies to find new, effective, and safe oral drugs for treating leishmaniasis are being conducted since several decades, owing to the problems associated with the use of antimonials available. Previously, the antiparasitic and antioxidant properties of Punica granatum (pomegranate, P. granatum) have been reported. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to investigate the antileishmanial activity of pomegranate aqueous juice in vitro and in female BALB/c mice. A 3-(4.5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay in Leishmania major promastigotes and alterations in the antioxidant status, liver function, and skin histological changes in L. major-infected mice orally treated with pomegranate juice alone and in combination with the antibiotic ciprofloxacin, were used to investigate the in vitro and in vivo antileishmanial activity of pomegranate juice, respectively. Oral P. granatum juice treatment significantly reduced the average size of cutaneous leishmaniasis lesions compared with that of the untreated mice. This antileishmanial activity of P. granatum was associated with enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities. Histopathological evaluation proved the antileishmanial activity of P. granatum, but did not reveal changes in the treated animals, compared to the positive control. In conclusion, P. granatum shows high and fast antileishmanial activity probably by boosting the endogenous antioxidant activity.
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Asmaa Q, AL-Shamerii S, Al-Tag M, AL-Shamerii A, Li Y, Osman BH. Parasitological and biochemical studies on cutaneous leishmaniasis in Shara'b District, Taiz, Yemen. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2017; 16:47. [PMID: 28676088 PMCID: PMC5496594 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-017-0224-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The leishmaniasis is a group of diseases caused by intracellular haemoflagellate protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. Leishmaniasis has diverse clinical manifestations; cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is the most common form of leishmaniasis which is responsible for 60% of disability-adjusted life years. CL is endemic in Yemen. In Shara'b there is no reference study available to identify the prevalence of endemic diseases and no investigation has been conducted for diagnosing the diseases. METHODS This study was conducted in villages for CL which collected randomly. The study aimed at investigating the epidemiological factors of CL in Shara'b by using questioner. Symptoms of lesions in patients suffering from CL, confirmed by laboratory tests, gave a new evidence of biochemical diagnosis in 525 villagers aged between 1 and 60 years old. Venous bloods were collected from 99 patients as well as from 51 control after an overnight fast. RESULTS The percentage prevalence of CL was found 18.8%. The prevalence rate of infection among males (19.3%) was higher than females (18.40%). Younger age group (1-15) had a higher prevalence rate (20.3%) than the other age groups. Furthermore, the population with no formal education had the higher rate of infection (61% of the total). A significant increase of serum malondialdehyde (P < 0.001) in CL patients was obtained. The highest level of MDA may be due to over production of ROS and RNS results in oxidative stress and the acceleration of lipid peroxidation in CL patients. CONCLUSIONS There were high prevalence rates of CL in Shara'b. The patient who had CL has been found with many changes in some biochemical levels. This study provides a clear indication on the role of MDA as an early biochemical marker of peroxidation damage occurring during CL. Increased uric acid, and catalase activity was provided of free radical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qhtan Asmaa
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098 China
| | | | - Mohammed Al-Tag
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen
| | - Adam AL-Shamerii
- Faculty of Applied Science, Direction of Scientific Research, Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen
| | - Yiping Li
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098 China
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Belal MH. Management of symptomatic erosive-ulcerative lesions of oral lichen planus in an adult Egyptian population using Selenium-ACE combined with topical corticosteroids plus antifungal agent. Contemp Clin Dent 2015; 6:454-60. [PMID: 26681847 PMCID: PMC4678540 DOI: 10.4103/0976-237x.169837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic mucocutaneous disease with an immunological etiology. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of selenium combined with Vitamins A, C & E (Selenium-ACE) in the treatment of erosive-ulcerative OLP as an adjunctive to topical corticosteroids plus antifungal agent. Subjects and Methods: Thirty patients with a confirmed clinical and histopathologic diagnosis of OLP participated in this clinical trial. Patients were randomly allocated into one of three groups and treated as follows: (I) Topical corticosteroids, (II) topical corticosteroids plus antifungal, and (III) SE-ACE combined with topical corticosteroids plus antifungal. The patients were followed for 6 weeks. The pain and severity of the lesions were recorded at the initial and follow-up visits. All recorded data were analyzed using paired t-test and ANOVA test. A P ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The experimental groups showed a marked reduction in pain sensation and size of lesions, particularly in the final follow-up period, but there was no significant difference between the first two Groups I and II. However, healing of lesions and improvement of pain sensation was effective in Group III since a significant difference was found favoring Group III over both Groups I and II. Conclusion: No significant difference was found in treating erosive-ulcerative lesions of OLP by topical corticosteroids alone or combined with antifungal. However, when using SE-ACE in combination with topical corticosteroids plus antifungal, this approach may be effective in managing ulcerative lesions of OLP; but more research with a larger sample size and a longer evaluation period may be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Helmy Belal
- Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology, Oral Diagnosis and Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
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Jafari M, Shirbazou S, Sadraie SH, Kaka G, Norozi M. The role of apoptosis in the cellular response of liver and spleen of BALB/c mice in cutaneous leishmaniasis. Iran J Med Sci 2015; 40:133-42. [PMID: 25821293 PMCID: PMC4359933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2013] [Revised: 08/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a common parasitic disease in Iran being mainly caused by Leishmania (L.) major. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of apoptosis in the spleen and liver of female mice infected with L. major. METHODS BALB/c mice were randomly assigned into the control and experimental groups (ten mice per group). The experimental groups were subcutaneously inoculated with promastigotes of L. major at stationary phase. The animals were sacrificed after 20, 40, 60, 90, and 120 days of injection. The liver and spleen were analyzed for various parameters of apoptosis. RESULTS Activities of superoxide dismutase and caspase-3, levels of superoxide anion production and malondialdehyde, and the percent of DNA fragmentation were increased in the liver and spleen of the infected mice. Catalase activity in the liver was increased, while glutathione level in both tissues was decreased after 90 and 120 days of infection. The numbers of apoptotic nuclei in the spleen were higher than the liver at 90 and 120 days post-infection using the TUNEL method. CONCLUSION L. major infection induces a time-dependent increase in apoptosis in the liver and spleen as evidenced by the production of ROS, increasing activation of caspase-3, elevated DNA fragmentation, and increasing lipid peroxidation. Induction of oxidative stress was observed in the liver and spleen after 90 and 120 days of initiation of the infection. However, the spleen tissue appears to be more sensitive to the infection to L. major on oxidative stress and apoptosis induction compared with the liver tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahvash Jafari
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;
| | - Shanaz Shirbazou
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;
| | - Seyed Homayoon Sadraie
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;
| | - Gholamreza Kaka
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;
| | - Majid Norozi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Farzin L, Moassesi ME. A comparison of serum selenium, zinc and copper level in visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF ISFAHAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2014; 19:355-7. [PMID: 25097609 PMCID: PMC4115352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leishmaniasis is a widespread tropical infection, which has a high incidence rate in Iran. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) are two forms of this disease. In this study, we investigated if selenium (Se), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) levels differ in different forms of leishmaniasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS To determine if leishmaniasis has effects on trace elements status, they were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) in patients (n = 155, 95 CL and 60 VL) and control group (n = 100). RESULTS Our findings indicate that there is a significant difference in the values of Se and Zn between control and patient groups (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.001, respectively). Se and Zn levels were 3.65 ± 0.88 and 67.24 ± 18.76 μg/dL in the leishmaniasis patients, and these values were observed to be statistically lower compared to the control groups (11.10 ± 2.37 and 119.61 ± 26.18 μg/dL, respectively). Meanwhile, no significant difference in status of Cu was found between the cases (110.55 ± 29.25 μg/dL) and healthy subjects (91.42 ± 27.54 μg/dL) (P > 0.05). When the patients were divided into two groups, there appeared to be a significant decrease (P < 0.001) in Se concentration for VL patients (2.57 ± 0.64 μg/dL) compared with CL patients (4.33 ± 1.06 μg/dL). CONCLUSION Based on these results, serum Se and Zn levels could be a useful marker for the pathophysiology of leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Farzin
- Environmental Laboratory, Nuclear Science Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Atomic Energy Organization of Iran, Tehran, Iran,Address for correspondence: Dr. Leila Farzin, Environmental Laboratory, Nuclear Science Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Atomic Energy Organization of Iran, Tehran, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Mohammad Esmail Moassesi
- Environmental Laboratory, Nuclear Science Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Atomic Energy Organization of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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JAFARI M, SHIRBAZOU S, NOROZI M. Induction of Oxidative Stress in Skin and Lung of Infected BALB/C Mice with Iranian Strain of Leishmania major (MRHO/IR/75/ER). Iran J Parasitol 2014; 9:60-9. [PMID: 25642261 PMCID: PMC4289882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Leishmania major infection on the induction of oxidative stress in skin and lung of female mice. METHODS BALB/c mice were randomly divided into the control and experimental groups. The experimental groups were subcutaneously infected with inoculums promastigotes of L. major. The animals were sacrificed at 20, 40, 60, 90 and 120 days post-infection, and tissues were isolated and analyzed. RESULTS Superoxide dismutase activity, percent of DNA fragmentation and superoxide anion production levels were increased in skin and lung of infected mice. Lung catalase activity and skin malondialdehyde level were also increased. The decreased glutathione level was observed in both tissues. The highest alteration in these parameters in both tissues was observed at 90 days post-infection. CONCLUSION L. major infection induces the production of free radicals and oxidative stress in a time-dependent manner in mice skin and lung by depletion of glutathione and increasing lipid peroxidation. The elevated DNA fragmentation may be related with increased oxidative stress. The skin is more sensitive to the effects of L. major infection on oxidative stress induction compared to the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahvash JAFARI
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shanaz SHIRBAZOU
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid NOROZI
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Chikezie PC. Levels of two oxidative stress indicators of human sickle erythrocytes incubated in aqueous extracts of Anacardium occidentale, Psidium guajava and Terminalia catappa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.5530/ax.2011.1.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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