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Cifuentes F, Palacios J, Asunción-Alvarez D, de Albuquerque RDG, Simirgiotis MJ, Paredes A, Nwokocha CR, Orfali R, Perveen S. Chemical Characterization of Phoenix dactylifera L. Seeds and their Beneficial Effects on the Vascular Response in Hypertensive Rats. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2024:10.1007/s11130-024-01140-7. [PMID: 38358640 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-024-01140-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Although Phoenix dactylifera dates are traditionally consumed for their health benefits, no research has been done on the vascular response in hypertensive animals. This study evaluated the vascular relaxation of hydroalcoholic extracts from seeds of three varieties of P. dactylifera; Sukkari seed (SS), Ajwa seed (AS), and Mabroom seed (MS) on L-NAME-induced hypertension and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Results showed that all extracts (10 µg/mL) caused relaxations higher than 60% in the aortic rings precontracted with 10- 6 M phenylephrine in normotensive rats, the SS extract was the most potent. Endothelial nitric oxide (NO) pathway is involved as significantly reduced vascular relaxation in denuded-endothelium rat aorta and with an inhibitor (10- 4 M L-Nω-Nitro arginine methyl ester; L-NAME) of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Confocal microscopy confirmed that 10 µg/mL SS extract increases NO generation as detected by DAF-FM fluorescence in intact aortic rings. Consistent with these findings, vascular relaxation in intact aortic rings at 10 µg/mL SS extract was significantly decreased in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats (endothelial dysfunction model), but not in SHR. In both hypertensive models, the denuded endothelium blunted the vascular relaxation. In conclusion, the hydroalcoholic extract of the seed of P. dactylifera (Sukkari, Ajwa and Mabroom varieties) presents a potent endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation, via NO, in normotensive rats as well as in two different models of hypertension. This effect could be mediated by the presence of phenolic compounds identified by UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS, such as protocatechuic acid, and caftaric acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredi Cifuentes
- Departamento Biomédico, Facultad Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, 1271155, Chile
- Instituto Antofagasta (IA), Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, 1271155, Chile
| | - Javier Palacios
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Aplicada, Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, 1110939, Chile.
| | - Daniel Asunción-Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Aplicada, Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, 1110939, Chile
| | | | - Mario J Simirgiotis
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valaffiliationia, 5090000, Chile
| | - Adrián Paredes
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, 1270300, Chile
- Instituto Antofagasta (IA), Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, 1271155, Chile
| | - Chukwuemeka R Nwokocha
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences Physiology Section, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Mona, Jamaica
| | - Raha Orfali
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shagufta Perveen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Computer, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, 21251, USA.
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Alfheeaid HA, Barakat H, Althwab SA, Musa KH, Malkova D. Nutritional and Physicochemical Characteristics of Innovative High Energy and Protein Fruit- and Date-Based Bars. Foods 2023; 12:2777. [PMID: 37509869 PMCID: PMC10379009 DOI: 10.3390/foods12142777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
With the increasing global nutritional bar market, developing and formulating innovative high-energy and protein bars to compensate for nutrients using date fruits is beneficial for health-conscious individuals. The current research was undertaken to study the composition and physicochemical characteristics of innovative high-energy and high-protein bars using two combinations of Sukkari dates or fruit mixtures as a base. Fifty percent of either Sukkari date paste or dried fruit mixture (25% raisin, 12.5% fig, and 12.5% apricot) combined with other different ingredients was used to produce a date-based bar (DBB) or fruit-based bar (FBB). Proximate composition, sugar content, amino and fatty acid profiles, minerals and vitamins, phytochemicals, antioxidant activity, and visual color parameters of the DBB and the FBB were determined and statistically compared. Proximate analysis revealed higher moisture and fat content in the FBB than the DBB, while ash and crude fiber were higher in the DBB than the FBB. The protein content in the DBB and the FBB was not statistically different. Both prepared bars exuded around 376-378 kcal 100 g-1 fresh weight. Sugar profile analysis of the DBB and the FBB showed dependable changes based on date or fruit content. Fructose, glucose, and maltose contents were higher in the FBB than in the DBB, while sucrose content was higher in the DBB than in the FBB. The DBB showed significantly higher content in Ca, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn, and Se and significantly lower content in Mg, K, and Na than the FBB, with no variation in phosphorus content. The DBB and the FBB contained both essential (EAA) and non-essential (NEAA) amino acids. The DBB scored higher Lysine, Methionine, Histidine, Threonine, Phenylalanine, Isoleucine, and Cystine contents than the FBB, while the FBB scored only higher Leucine and Valine contents than the DBB. Seventeen saturated fatty acids were identified in the DBB and the FBB, with Palmitic acid (C16:0) as the predominant fatty acid. Oleic acid (C18:1n9c) was predominant among seven determined monounsaturated fatty acids. Linoleic fatty acid (C18:2n6c) was predominant among eight identified polyunsaturated fatty acids. In addition, α-Linolenic (C18:3n3) was detected in a considerable amount. However, in both the DBB and the FBB, the content and distribution of fatty acids were not remarkably changed. Regarding phytochemicals and bioactive compounds, the FBB was significantly higher in total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoids (TF), and total flavonols (TFL) contents and scavenging activity against DPPH and ABTS free radicals than the DBB. The DBB and the FBB showed positive a* values, indicating a reddish color. The b* values were 27.81 and 28.54 for the DBB and the FBB, respectively. The DBB is affected by the lower L* value and higher browning index (BI) to make its color brownish. Sensory evaluation data showed that panelists significantly preferred the DBB over the FBB. In conclusion, processing and comparing these bars indicated that using Sukkari dates is a nutrient-dense, convenient, economical, and better sugar alternative that helps combat the calorie content. Thus, scaling up the use of dates instead of fruits in producing high-energy and protein bars commercially is highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani A. Alfheeaid
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.A.); (S.A.A.); (K.H.M.)
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK;
| | - Hassan Barakat
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.A.); (S.A.A.); (K.H.M.)
- Food Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor 13736, Egypt
| | - Sami A. Althwab
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.A.); (S.A.A.); (K.H.M.)
| | - Khalid Hamid Musa
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.A.); (S.A.A.); (K.H.M.)
| | - Dalia Malkova
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK;
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Abdelbaky AS, Tammam MA, Ali MY, Sharaky M, Selim K, Semida WM, Abd El-Mageed TA, Ramadan MF, Oraby HF, Diab YM. Antioxidant and Anticancer Assessment and Phytochemical Investigation of Three Varieties of Date Fruits. Metabolites 2023; 13:816. [PMID: 37512523 PMCID: PMC10386203 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruits contain high concentrations of phenolic compounds, particularly flavonoids and other micronutrients, which impact human health due to their potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer characteristics. In the present study, the effect of ethyl acetate, hydroethanol, hydromethanol, and aqueous extract from three date palm varieties (i.e., Ajwa, Siwi, and Sukkari) on phytochemical profiles and antioxidant and anticancer activities was investigated. Fruit extracts were screened for their antioxidant activity using the DPPH· method. Phenolic constituents were quantified and identified using HPLC-DAD. Extracts (ethyl acetate, hydroethanol, and hydromethanol) were assessed for cytotoxicity on nine human cancer cell lines, i.e., MG-63, HCT116, MCF7, MDA-MB-231, HEPG2, HUH7, A549, H460, and HFB4, using the sulphorhodamine-B (SRB) assay. Results showed that the ethyl acetate extract of the Sukkari fruits has the greatest antioxidant potential with an IC50 value of 132.4 ± 0.3 μg·mL-1, while the aqueous extract of Ajwa date fruits exhibited the lowest antioxidant effect with an IC50 value of 867.1 ± 0.3 μg·mL-1. The extracts exhibited potent to moderate anticancer activities against the investigated cancer cell line in a source-dependent manner. Methanol extract of Siwi fruits exhibited the most potent anticancer activity (IC50 = 99 ± 1.6 µg·mL-1), followed by the same extract of Sukkari fruits with an IC50 value of 119 ± 3.5 µg·mL-1 against the cell line of human breast cancer (MDA-MB-231). Additionally, principal component analysis (PCA) was investigated to determine the relationship among the investigated traits and treatments. Our findings reveal that date palm fruit-derived extracts are excellent sources of biologically active constituents and substantiate their potential use in new anticancer strategies from natural resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Abdelbaky
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Tammam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Yassin Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt
| | - Marwa Sharaky
- Pharmacology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Giza 11796, Egypt
| | - Khaled Selim
- Department Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt
| | - Wael M Semida
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt
| | - Taia A Abd El-Mageed
- Department of Soil and Water, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Fawzy Ramadan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham F Oraby
- Deanship of Scientific Research, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser M Diab
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt
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Barakat H, Alfheeaid HA. Date Palm Fruit ( Phoenix dactylifera) and Its Promising Potential in Developing Functional Energy Bars: Review of Chemical, Nutritional, Functional, and Sensory Attributes. Nutrients 2023; 15:2134. [PMID: 37432292 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Snack bars, known as energy bars, are widely consumed worldwide as highly nutritive on-the-go products. Due to the date fruit's significant nutritional and functional characteristics, it can be an exceptional choice for developing snack bars. Dates contain a wide range of macro- and micronutrients known for their strong bioactive properties. The functional properties of date fruit have been demonstrated in the literature and include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, antihypertensive, and antimicrobial activities. This review summarizes the available studies investigating the potential application of dates for developing nutritive and functional snack bars. Date paste was used as a main ingredient at 55-90% concentrations. In addition, protein sources were used to provide protein-rich snack bars, as date fruit is considered high in carbohydrates and low in protein. Skim milk powder was the most common and favorable protein source, delivering significant amounts of protein with limited negative effects on sensory attributes. Incorporating other ingredients, such as cereals or legumes, was also explored; adding such dry ingredients can promote positive nutritional effects along with improving sensory attributes, mainly in terms of the bars' textures. Dry ingredients can significantly lower moisture content, reducing the bars' fracturability to acceptable ranges. Reduced moisture content can also significantly enhance the shelf-life stability, as observed by limited microbial growth. Furthermore, the incorporation of bioactive or functional ingredients such as fruit peels, plant seeds, or plant leaf extracts was also reported; such ingredients promoted significant enhancements in the contents of phenolics or flavonoids, for instance, leading to an increase in the bars' antioxidant potential. Though dates are rich in such bioactive components, incorporating additional bioactive ingredients can boost the dates' functional properties. In conclusion, this review shows the high potential of the application of dates for developing nutritious and functional snack bars. Taking this into account, the snack bar market has grown remarkably over the past decade; thus, providing well-balanced, nutritious, and functional date-based bars in markets worldwide is expected to show positive consumer acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Barakat
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Food Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor 13736, Egypt
| | - Hani A Alfheeaid
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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El-Harbawi M, Alhawtali S, Al-Awadi AS, El Blidi L, Alrashed MM, Alzobidi A, Yin CY. Synthesis of Carbon Microspheres from Inedible Crystallized Date Palm Molasses: Influence of Temperature and Reaction Time. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:1672. [PMID: 36837301 PMCID: PMC9963818 DOI: 10.3390/ma16041672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this work, carbon microspheres (CMs) were prepared by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of inedible crystallized date palm molasses. The effects of temperature and reaction time on the prepared materials were studied. Experiments were carried out at different temperatures (180, 200, 230 and 250 °C) with reaction times ranging from 2 to 10 h. It was found that temperature had the greatest influence on the mass yield of the CMs. No solid products were observed at a temperature of 180 °C and a reaction time less than 2 h. The highest yield was found to be 40.4% at 250 °C and a reaction time of 6 h. The results show that the CMs produced were approximately 5-9 μm in diameter. The results also show that the largest diameter of the CMs (8.9 μm) was obtained at a temperature of 250 °C and a reaction time of 6 h. Nonetheless, if the reaction time was extended beyond 6 h at 250 °C, the CMs fused and their shapes were deformed (non-spherical shapes). The synthesized materials were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Branuer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). BET surface areas for the four samples were found to be less than 1 m2/g. The methylene blue adsorption studies indicated that the equilibrium adsorption capacity was reached after 15 min, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 12 mg/g. The recycling of date palm molasses (a known processed waste) to generate a useable carbon microsphere represents a beneficial step in the application of sustainable processing industries in the Middle East.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohanad El-Harbawi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Alhawtali
- Department of Chemical Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrhman S. Al-Awadi
- K.A. CARE Energy Research and Innovation Center in Riyadh, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lahssen El Blidi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maher M. Alrashed
- Department of Chemical Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Alzobidi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chun-Yang Yin
- Newcastle University in Singapore, 537 Clementi Road #06-01, SIT Building @ Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore 599493, Singapore
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Mani V, Arfeen M, Sajid S, Almogbel Y. Aqueous Extract from Sukkari Date Seeds Attenuates Neuroinflammation Induced by Type-2 Diabetic in Rats. INT J PHARMACOL 2022. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2022.570.577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Flowers JM, Hazzouri KM, Lemansour A, Capote T, Gros-Balthazard M, Ferrand S, Lebrun M, Amiri KMA, Purugganan MD. Patterns of Volatile Diversity Yield Insights Into the Genetics and Biochemistry of the Date Palm Fruit Volatilome. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:853651. [PMID: 35371149 PMCID: PMC8964304 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.853651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds are key components of the fruit metabolome that contribute to traits such as aroma and taste. Here we report on the diversity of 90 flavor-related fruit traits in date palms (Phoenix dactylifera L.) including 80 volatile organic compounds, which collectively represent the fruit volatilome, as well as 6 organic acids, and 4 sugars in tree-ripened fruits. We characterize these traits in 148 date palms representing 135 varieties using headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography. We discovered new volatile compounds unknown in date palm including 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, an attractant of the red palm weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier), a key pest that threatens the date palm crop. Associations between volatile composition and sugar and moisture content suggest that differences among fruits in these traits may be characterized by system-wide differences in fruit metabolism. Correlations between volatiles indicate medium chain and long chain fatty acid ester volatiles are regulated independently, possibly reflecting differences in the biochemistry of fatty acid precursors. Finally, we took advantage of date palm clones in our analysis to estimate broad-sense heritabilities of volatiles and demonstrate that at least some of volatile diversity has a genetic basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M. Flowers
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khaled M. Hazzouri
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Alain Lemansour
- Date Palm Research and Development Unit, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tiago Capote
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muriel Gros-Balthazard
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sylvie Ferrand
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Marc Lebrun
- CIRAD, UMR Qualisud, Montpellier, France
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de La Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | - Khaled M. A. Amiri
- Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Biology, College of Science, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Michael D. Purugganan
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY, United States
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Mani V, Arfeen M, Mohammed HA, Elsisi HA, Sajid S, Almogbel Y, Aldubayan M, Dhanasekaran M, Alhowail A. Sukkari dates seed improves type-2 diabetes mellitus-induced memory impairment by reducing blood glucose levels and enhancing brain cholinergic transmission: In vivo and molecular modeling studies. Saudi Pharm J 2022; 30:750-763. [PMID: 35812141 PMCID: PMC9257867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2022.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive decline is one of the serious complications associated with diabetes mellitus (T2DM) of type-2. In this reported work, the effect of aqueous sukkari dates seed extract (ASSE) was evaluated in T2DM-induced rats. T2DM was induced using intraperitoneal injection of nicotinamide and streptozocin (STZ) administration. The diabetic rats were then treated orally with 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of dates seed extract for 30 days and results were compared with metformin-treated groups. The memory functions were assessed using three maze models. Glucose and insulin levels in the blood and acetylcholine, acetylcholinesterase brain homogenates were estimated. The results showed a significant reduction in transfer latency (TL) (p < 0.001) during the elevated plus maze (EPM) test. The novel object recognition (NOR) test revealed a longer exploration time (p > 0.05) with novel objects and a higher discrimination index (p > 0.05). The Y-maze test also showed a significant increase in the number of entries to the novel arm (p > 0.05) and the total number of entries in the trial (p > 0.01) as well as in test (p > 0.05) sessions. Reduction in blood glucose (p > 0.05) and improvement in blood insulin (p > 0.05) levels were also noted. Improvement in ACh levels (p > 0.001) with 400 mg/kg of ASSE and reduction in AChE (p > 0.001) with both doses of ASSE were also observed in the brain homogenates. The results of ASSE were found comparable with the metformin-treated rats. The estimation of phytochemical constituents displayed a significant presence of phenolic content. Further, molecular modeling studies showed ellagic acid, catechin, and epicatechin as the potential molecule interacting with GSK-3β, α-amylase, and AChE and may be responsible for observed bioactivity. In conclusion, ASSE has the ability to alleviate T2DM-related cognitive impairments.
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Lamani S, Anu-appaiah KA, Murthy HN, Dewir YH, Rikisahedew JJ. Analysis of Free Sugars, Organic Acids, and Fatty Acids of Wood Apple (Limonia acidissima L.) Fruit Pulp. Horticulturae 2022; 8:67. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Wood apple (Limonia acidissima L.) is an underutilized, fruit-yielding tree that is native to India and Sri Lanka. Wood apple trees are also cultivated in India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, Kampuchea, Laos, and Indonesia for delicious fruits and medicinal purposes. The major objective of the present work was the analysis of the nutritional status of wood apple fruit pulp.The fruits are rich in total carbohydrates (24.74 ± 0.19%), total proteins (9.30 ± 0.16%), oil (0.99 ± 0.01%), fiber (3.32 ± 0.02%), and ash (2.73 ± 0.12%). Further analysis and quantification of free sugars, organic acids, and fatty acid methyl esters were carried out by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatographic (GC) methods. In total, five sugars and nine organic acids were detected and quantified. The predominant sugars were fructose (16.40 ± 0.23%) and glucose (14.23 ± 0.10%), whereas the predominant organic acids were D-tartaric (4.01 ± 0.03%), ascorbic (4.51 ± 0.05%), and citric acid (4.27 ± 0.04%). The oil content of fruit pulp was 0.99 ± 0.01% and GC-MS analysis revealed that, it comprise of 16 fatty acid methyl esters. The percentage of saturated fatty acids were 32.17 ± 0.35%, that includes palmitic (18.52 ± 0.12%) and stearic acids (9.02 ± 0.08%), whereas, the unsaturated fatty acids were 51.98 ± 0.94%, including oleic acid (23.89 ± 0.06%), α-linolenic acid (16.55 ± 0.26%), linoleic acid (10.02 ± 0.43%), and vaccenic acid (1.78 ± 0.23%).
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Aljutaily T, Barakat H, Moustafa MMA, Rehan M. Incorporation of Sukkari Date in Probiotic-Enriched Fermented Camel Milk Improves the Nutritional, Physicochemical, and Organoleptical Characteristics. Fermentation 2022; 8:5. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Camel milk and dates are well-known for their great nutritional and therapeutical benefits. Therefore, the study aimed to combine the benefits of fermented camel milk (FCM) and Sukkari date (SKD) in a naturally sweetened FCM. Six treatments of FCM using ABT-5 cultures with 0, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, and 15% SKD were carried out. Chemical, physicochemical, rheological properties were studied, while organoleptical attributes and probiotic strains viability were monitored during cold storage (4 °C) up to 15 days. Results showed that fortification with SKD increased total solids (TS), ash, dietary fiber, and carbohydrate content compared to plain FCM. Water holding capacity (WHC) values increased with low and medium SKD levels then decreased with high SKD levels. Minerals such as K, P, Mg, Zn, Fe, and Cu were significantly increased, while Na was significantly decreased. Increased SKD levels in FCM resulted in significant increases in total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoids (TF), total flavonols (TFL), and antioxidant activity (AOA). Instrumental color analysis exhibited a significant change in L*, b*, BI, and ∆E due to adding SKD in a dose-dependent manner. The viability of Streptococcus thermophiles, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Bifidobacterium bifidum was increased by adding low and medium SKD levels, resulting in a higher number than the accepted threshold for a probiotic effect. Adding 10 and 12.5% SKD recorded the best-balanced flavor score at the beginning and after up to 15 days of storage, respectively. Conclusively, the current study revealed that fortification with SKD at 7.5–12.5% improved the nutritional quality without adverse effects on the technological, organoleptic characteristics, and probiotics viability and provided acceptable, nutritious, and healthy benefits to FCM.
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Abdeen A, Samir A, Elkomy A, Aboubaker M, Habotta OA, Gaber A, Alsanie WF, Abdullah O, Elnoury HA, Baioumy B, Ibrahim SF, Abdelkader A. The potential antioxidant bioactivity of date palm fruit against gentamicin-mediated hepato-renal injury in male albino rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 143:112154. [PMID: 34649332 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gentamicin (GM) is a commonly prescribed antimicrobial drug used for treatment of infections but associated hepatic and renal complications restrict its efficacy. Overproduction of free radicals and inflammation are involved in GM-induced hepato-renal damage. Date palm is renowned to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory bioactive composites. In this context, the current research was purposed to assess the ameliorative influence of date palm extract (DE) supplementation against GM-induced hepato-renal injury. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to detect the bioactive constitutes in DE. The protective action of high and low doses of DE was assessed alongside the GM remediation (80 mg/kg) in rats. GM evoked significant alterations in liver and kidney function biomarkers (aminotransferases, albumin, creatinine, and blood urea). Furthermore, notable elevations in malondialdehyde (MDA) level and increment expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) along with reduction in catalase (CAT) activity were observed in both organs after GM treatment. Oxidative stress was the main modulatory mechanism in GM-induced hepato-renal toxicity. However, DE could mitigate the GM-inflicted liver and kidney damage, in a dose-response pattern, due to its high content of phenolics and flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abdeen
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh 13736, Egypt; Center of Excellence in Screening of Environmental Contaminants (CESEC), Benha University, Toukh 13736, Egypt.
| | - Amira Samir
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh 13736, Egypt.
| | - Ashraf Elkomy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh 13736, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Aboubaker
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh 13736, Egypt.
| | - Ola A Habotta
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Gaber
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; Center of Biomedical Sciences Research (CBSR), Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Walaa F Alsanie
- Center of Biomedical Sciences Research (CBSR), Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Omnia Abdullah
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt.
| | - Heba A Elnoury
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt.
| | - Bodour Baioumy
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt.
| | - Samah F Ibrahim
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Afaf Abdelkader
- Center of Excellence in Screening of Environmental Contaminants (CESEC), Benha University, Toukh 13736, Egypt; Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt.
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Assirey EA. The chemical composition, total phenolic and antioxidant content of four date palm saudi cultivars. Journal of Taibah University for Science 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/16583655.2021.1978805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eman A. Assirey
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia
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Alam MZ, Alhebsi MS, Ghnimi S, Kamal-eldin A. Inability of total antioxidant activity assays to accurately assess the phenolic compounds of date palm fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.). NFS Journal 2021; 22:32-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nfs.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Mia MA, Mosaib MG, Khalil MI, Islam MA, Gan SH. Potentials and Safety of Date Palm Fruit against Diabetes: A Critical Review. Foods 2020; 9:E1557. [PMID: 33126433 DOI: 10.3390/foods9111557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder triggered by disturbances in carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolisms, where either reduced secretion or sensitivity of insulin is observed coupled with poor glucose control. Date palm fruits are one of the fruits reported to have good potential in diabetes treatment due to its presence of polyphenols exerting strong antioxidant activities. Other possible mechanisms of action include the polyphenolic compounds, which can inhibit enzymes like α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Flavonoids in dates can stimulate β-cells by increasing the number of islets and β-cells, recovering endocrine pancreatic tissues, reducing β-cell apoptosis, activating insulin receptors following the increase in insulin secretion, in addition to improving diabetes-induced complications. In this review, the in vitro, in vivo, and human study-based evidence of date palm as an anti-diabetic fruit is summarised.
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Rahaman A, Zeng X, Farooq MA, Kumari A, Murtaza MA, Ahmad N, Manzoor MF, Hassan S, Ahmad Z, Bo‐Ru C, Jinjing Z, Siddeeg A. Effect of pulsed electric fields processing on physiochemical properties and bioactive compounds of apricot juice. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.13449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Rahaman
- School of Food Science and EngineeringSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou China
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center) Guangzhou China
| | - Xin‐An Zeng
- School of Food Science and EngineeringSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou China
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center) Guangzhou China
| | - Muhammad Adil Farooq
- School of Food Science and EngineeringSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou China
- Institute of Food Science and NutritionUniversity of Sargodha Sargodha Pakistan
| | - Ankita Kumari
- School of MedicineSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Mian Anjum Murtaza
- Institute of Food Science and NutritionUniversity of Sargodha Sargodha Pakistan
| | - Nabeel Ahmad
- School of BiotechnologyIFTM University Moradabad India
| | - Muhammad Faisal Manzoor
- School of Food Science and EngineeringSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou China
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center) Guangzhou China
| | - Sadia Hassan
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Faculty of Life SciencesGovernment College University Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Zahoor Ahmad
- School of Food Science and EngineeringSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou China
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center) Guangzhou China
| | - Chen Bo‐Ru
- School of Food Science and EngineeringSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou China
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center) Guangzhou China
| | - Zhan Jinjing
- School of Food Science and EngineeringSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou China
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center) Guangzhou China
| | - Azhari Siddeeg
- Department of Food Science Engineering and TechnologyUniversity of Gezira Sudan
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Mansoori N, Majzoobi M, Gavahian M, Badii F, Farahnaky A. Acacia Gum as a Natural Anti-Plasticizer for the Production of Date Syrup Powder: Sorption Isotherms, Physicochemical Properties, and Data Modeling. Foods 2020; 9:E50. [PMID: 31948018 DOI: 10.3390/foods9010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The thermoplastic and hygroscopic behaviors of date syrup (DS) challenge the DS drying process. In this context, DS was mixed with 30%, 40%, 50%, and 60% acacia gum (AG) and subjected to a drum dryer. The chemical composition, bulk density (pb), caking degree (CD), glass transition temperature (Tg), and color values of DS powders were studied. The sorption isotherms were also obtained and compared to that of those predicted by mathematical models. According to the results, increasing the AG concentration enhanced the moisture content, pb, brightness, and Tg while it reduced the CD and equilibrium moisture sorption. All DS powders had type III isotherm behavior, i.e., similar to high-sugar foods. Guggenheim-Anderson-de Boer (GAB) and Peleg models were found to be suitable for fitting the experimental data and these models explained the monolayer moisture content decrease with increasing AG concentration. These results of the present study, for the first time, verified that the AG can be used as a natural anti-plasticizer agent for DS powder production.
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Siddeeg A, Faisal Manzoor M, Haseeb Ahmad M, Ahmad N, Ahmed Z, Kashif Iqbal Khan M, Aslam Maan A, Mahr-un-nisa, Zeng X, Ammar A. Pulsed Electric Field-Assisted Ethanolic Extraction of Date Palm Fruits: Bioactive Compounds, Antioxidant Activity and Physicochemical Properties. Processes (Basel) 2019; 7:585. [DOI: 10.3390/pr7090585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study was aimed to observe the influence of pulsed electric field (PEF) on the extraction of bioactive components; antioxidant activity and physicochemical properties of date palm fruit extract (DPFE) as compared to the extract untreated by PEF. The fruit was treated with PEF (frequency: 10 Hz, time: 100 µs, pulses number: 30, electric field strength (EFS): 1, 2, and 3 kV/cm. The results show that PEF has a positive impact on the total content of carotenoids, anthocyanins, flavonoids, and phenolics by increasing the EFS. DPFE treated with PEF exhibit a strong antioxidant activity as compared to untreated extract, while electrical conductivity, pH values, and titratable acidity were not affected by PEF. The results indicate a notable increase in the volatile components in DPFE treated with PEF at 3 kV/cm. Thus, PEF treatment can assist the ethanolic extraction of DPFE to improve the bioactivity and antioxidative activity. These findings suggest that PEF can be a more suitable technique to enhance solvent extraction on a commercial basis.
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