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Yadollahi-Farsani Y, Vanani VR, Lorigooini Z, Farahzad A, Amini-Khoei H. Anethole via increase in the gene expression of PI3K/AKT/mTOR mitigates the autistic-like behaviors induced by maternal separation stress in mice. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2024; 16:1-7. [PMID: 38145174 PMCID: PMC10733685 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodegenerative disease with increasing incidence in the world. The maternal separation (MS) stress at early life with its own neuroendocrine and neurostructural changes can provide the basis for development of ASD. Previously it has been reported neuroprotective characteristics for anethole. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway has pivotal role in the function of central nervous system (CNS). This study aimed to evaluate the possible effects of anethole on the autistic-like behaviors in the maternally separated (MS) mice focusing on the potential role of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Forty male Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) mice were assigned to five groups (n = 8) comprising a control group (treated with normal saline) and four groups subjected to MS and treated with normal saline and or anethole at doses of 31.25, 62.5 and 125 mg/kg, respectively. All gents were administrated via intraperitoneal (i.p.) route for 14 constant days. Behavioral tests were conducted, including the three-chamber test, shuttle box and resident-intruder test. The gene expression of the PI3K, AKT and mTOR assessed in the hippocampus by qRT-PCR. Findings indicated that MS is associated with autistic-like behaviors. Anethole increased the sociability and social preference indexes in the three-chamber test, increased duration of secondary latency in the shuttle box test and decreased aggressive behaviors in the resident-intruder test. Also, anethole increased the gene expression of PI3K, AKT and mTOR in the hippocampus of MS mice. We concluded that anethole through increase in the gene expression of PI3K/ AKT/mTOR mitigated autistic-like behaviors induced by MS in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Yadollahi-Farsani
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Vahid Reisi Vanani
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Zahra Lorigooini
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Anahita Farahzad
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hossein Amini-Khoei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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Chen S, Xu Q, Zhao L, Zhang M, Xu H. The prenatal use of agmatine prevents social behavior deficits in VPA-exposed mice by activating the ERK/CREB/BDNF signaling pathway. Birth Defects Res 2024; 116:e2336. [PMID: 38624050 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to reports, prenatal exposure to valproic acid can induce autism spectrum disorder (ASD)-like symptoms in both humans and rodents. However, the exact cause and therapeutic method of ASD is not fully understood. Agmatine (AGM) is known for its neuroprotective effects, and this study aims to explore whether giving agmatine hydrochloride before birth can prevent autism-like behaviors in mouse offspring exposed prenatally to valproic acid. METHODS In this study, we investigated the effects of AGM prenatally on valproate (VPA)-exposed mice. We established a mouse model of ASD by prenatally administering VPA. From birth to weaning, we evaluated mouse behavior using the marble burying test, open-field test, and three-chamber social interaction test on male offspring. RESULTS The results showed prenatal use of AGM relieved anxiety and hyperactivity behaviors as well as ameliorated sociability of VPA-exposed mice in the marble burying test, open-field test, and three-chamber social interaction test, and this protective effect might be attributed to the activation of the ERK/CREB/BDNF signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Therefore, AGM can effectively reduce the likelihood of offspring developing autism to a certain extent when exposed to VPA during pregnancy, serving as a potential therapeutic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihao Chen
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qi Xu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Linqian Zhao
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mulan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huiqin Xu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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3
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He L, Duan X, Li S, Zhang R, Dai X, Lu M. Unveiling the role of astrocytes in postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 95:102223. [PMID: 38325753 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by progressive cognitive decline and the accumulation of amyloid-beta plaques, tau tangles, and neuroinflammation in the brain. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a prevalent and debilitating condition characterized by cognitive decline following neuroinflammation and oxidative stress induced by procedures. POCD and AD are two conditions that share similarities in the underlying mechanisms and pathophysiology. Compared to normal aging individuals, individuals with POCD are at a higher risk for developing AD. Emerging evidence suggests that astrocytes, the most abundant glial cells in the central nervous system, play a critical role in the pathogenesis of these conditions. Comprehensive functions of astrocyte in AD has been extensively explored, but very little is known about POCD may experience late-onset AD pathogenesis. Herein, in this context, we mainly explore the multifaceted roles of astrocytes in the context of POCD, highlighting their involvement in neuroinflammation, neurotransmitter regulation, synaptic plasticity and neurotrophic support, and discuss how POCD may augment the onset of AD. Additionally, we discuss potential therapeutic strategies targeting astrocytes to mitigate or prevent POCD, which hold promise for improving the quality of life for patients undergoing surgeries and against AD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang He
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming 650051, China.
| | - Xiyuan Duan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming 650051, China
| | - Shikuo Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming 650051, China
| | - Ruqiang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming 650051, China
| | - Xulei Dai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Xingtai Medical College, Xingtai 050054, China
| | - Meilin Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China.
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Spoto G, Di Rosa G, Nicotera AG. The Impact of Genetics on Cognition: Insights into Cognitive Disorders and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms. J Pers Med 2024; 14:156. [PMID: 38392589 PMCID: PMC10889941 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14020156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This article explores the complex relationship between genetics and cognition, specifically examining the impact of genetic variants, particularly single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), on cognitive functions and the development of neuropsychiatric disorders. Focusing on neurotransmitter regulation within the prefrontal cortex's dopaminergic circuits, this study emphasizes the role of genes like COMT, PRODH, and DRD in shaping executive functions and influencing conditions such as ADHD and schizophrenia. Additionally, it explores the significance of genetic factors in neurodevelopmental disorders, emphasizing the need for early identification to guide appropriate therapeutic interventions. This article also investigates polymorphisms in the transsulfuration pathway, revealing their association with cognitive impairment diseases. Computational analyses, including machine learning algorithms, are highlighted for their potential in predicting symptom severity in ADHD based on genetic variations. In conclusion, this article underscores the intricate interplay of genetic and environmental factors in shaping cognitive outcomes, providing valuable insights for tailored treatments and a more comprehensive understanding of neuropsychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Spoto
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dental Sciences & Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Gabriella Di Rosa
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dental Sciences & Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Gennaro Nicotera
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
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Kao Y, Zhu H, Yang Y, Shen W, Song W, Zhang R, Liu Y, Liu H, Kong X. CREB1 Facilitates GABAergic Neural Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells through BRN2 for Pain Alleviation and Locomotion Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury. Cells 2023; 13:67. [PMID: 38201271 PMCID: PMC10778540 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The transplantation of GABAergic neuron cells has been reported to alleviate nerve pain and improve motor function after spinal cord injury (SCI). However, human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) differentiation into GABAergic neuron cells in a sufficient quantity remains to be accomplished. From a database screening, cAMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 (CREB1) was chosen as a potential modulator due to its critical role in the protein-protein interaction of genes related to GABAergic neural differentiation. Here, CREB1 was overexpressed in transfected hMSCs, where CREB1 could induce differentiation into GABAergic neuron cells with an upregulation of Map2 and GAD1 by 2- and 3.4-fold, respectively. Additionally, GABAergic neural differentiation was enhanced, while Notch signaling was inhibited, and BRN2 transcriptional activation played an important role in neuronal maturation. Moreover, transfected hMSCs injected into immunocompromised mice caused by CsA exhibited the neuronal markers Tuj1 and Map2 via the intraspinal route, suggesting an improvement in survival and neural differentiation. Significantly, improvement in both BMS scores (6.2 ± 1.30 vs. 4 ± 0) and thermal hyperalgesia latency (7.74 ± 2.36 s vs. 4.52 ± 0.39 s) was seen compared with the SCI naïve treatment at 4 weeks post-transplantation. Our study demonstrates that CREB1 is crucial in generating induced GABAergic neuron cells (iGNs) originating from hMSCs. Transplanting iGNs to injured spinal cord provides a promising strategy for alleviating neuropathic pain and locomotion recovery after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbing Kao
- Orthopedic Research Center of Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Hanming Zhu
- Orthopedic Research Center of Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Orthopedic Research Center of Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Wenyuan Shen
- Orthopedic Research Center of Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Wei Song
- Orthopedic Research Center of Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Renjie Zhang
- Orthopedic Research Center of Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yanchun Liu
- Orthopedic Research Center of Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Haoyun Liu
- Orthopedic Research Center of Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiaohong Kong
- Orthopedic Research Center of Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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Raafat RS, Habib MZ, AbdElfattah AA, Olama NK, Abdelraouf SM, Hendawy N, Kamal KA, Nawishy SA, Aboul-Fotouh S. Amisulpride attenuates 5-fluorouracil-induced cognitive deficits via modulating hippocampal Wnt/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling in Wistar rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:110945. [PMID: 37716161 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (CICI) is a general term describing cognitive dysfunction during/after treatment with chemotherapeutic agents. CICI represents a significant medical problem due to its increasing prevalence with the lack of robust therapeutic approaches. This study aimed at investigating the effects of chronic treatment with amisulpride (5 mg/kg/day) in the management of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced cognitive deficits in Wistar rats. Rats received 5 intraperitoneal injections of 5-FU (25 mg/kg every 3 days). 5-FU treatment induced impairments in spatial learning (reduction in object location discrimination ratio) and non-spatial learning (reduction in novel object recognition discrimination ratio). Moreover, 5-FU induced a decrease in the activity of the Wnt/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway with a decrease in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) level in the hippocampus. These changes were associated with an increase in the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines; tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), in hippocampal tissue sections accompanied by a decrease in the number of Ki-67 positive cells (indicating a decrease in proliferative capacity), a decrease in the Nissl's granules optical density (denoting neurodegeneration), a decrease in the number of viable intact neurons with an increase in the expression of β-amyloid and caspase-3. Amisulpride enhanced Wnt/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling, increased BDNF levels, and abrogated 5-FU-induced neuroinflammation, apoptosis, β-amyloid accumulation, and neurodegenerative changes with an improvement of cognitive performance. This study draws attention to the pro-cognitive effects of amisulpride in 5-FU-exposed rats that could be attributed to enhancing hippocampal Wnt/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway, and this could offer a promising therapeutic option for subjects with CICI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radwa S Raafat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Z Habib
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Faculty of Medicine, King Salman International University, El-Tor, South Sinai, Egypt.
| | - Amany A AbdElfattah
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, El-Mansoura, Egypt; Faculty of Medicine, King Salman International University, El-Tor, South Sinai, Egypt
| | - Nouran K Olama
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sahar M Abdelraouf
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nevien Hendawy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Faculty of Medicine, Galala University, Suez, Egypt
| | - Khaled A Kamal
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Salwa A Nawishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sawsan Aboul-Fotouh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Lima-Castañeda LÁ, Bringas ME, Aguilar-Hernandez L, Garcés-Ramírez L, Morales-Medina JC, Flores G. The antipsychotic olanzapine reduces memory deficits and neuronal abnormalities in a male rat model of Autism. J Chem Neuroanat 2023; 132:102317. [PMID: 37482145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2023.102317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a neurodevelopmental condition that impacts social interaction and sensory processing, is rising. Valproic acid (VPA) exposure during pregnancy causes autistic-like traits in offspring. Olanzapine (OLZ), an atypical antipsychotic, is used to treat ASD. We assessed the impact of OLZ on behavior, neuromorphology, and nitric oxide (NO) levels in the hippocampus using prenatal VPA treatment in rats. It is commonly known that ASD patients exhibit sensory abnormalities. As such, we utilized the tail flick test to validate the ASD model. In the novel object recognition test (NORT), VPA exposure reduces the discrimination index (DI) in the first introduction to the novel object. Moreover, OLZ and vehicle-treated rats perform differently in the second exposition to the DI of the novel object, suggesting that OLZ reverses VPA-induced deficits in recognition memory. The latency to find the hidden platform in the Morris water maze test of memory and learning improves in VPA-exposed rats after OLZ administration, indicating that OLZ improves spatial memory in these rats. Administration of prenatal VPA induces neuronal hypotrophy and reduces spine density in pyramidal neurons of the CA1 region of the hippocampus. Treatment with OLZ corrects the neuromorphological changes brought on by VPA. In the CA1 region of the hippocampus, VPA treatment increases the number of neurons, which normalizes with OLZ treatment. OLZ increases the NO levels in the dorsal hippocampus in control rats. In rats exposed to VPA, the second-generation antipsychotic OLZ reduces memory-related and neuroplastic alterations. The current findings support the use of OLZ in this illness and further validate the use of prenatal VPA as a model of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Ángel Lima-Castañeda
- Lab. Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 14 Sur 6301, San Manuel 72570, Puebla, Mexico; Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - María Elena Bringas
- Lab. Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 14 Sur 6301, San Manuel 72570, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Leonardo Aguilar-Hernandez
- Lab. Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 14 Sur 6301, San Manuel 72570, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Linda Garcés-Ramírez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Julio César Morales-Medina
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, CINVESTAV-Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, AP 62, CP 90000 Tlaxcala, Mexico.
| | - Gonzalo Flores
- Lab. Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 14 Sur 6301, San Manuel 72570, Puebla, Mexico.
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Habib MZ, Elnahas EM, Aboul-Ela YM, Ebeid MA, Tarek M, Sadek DR, Negm EA, Abdelhakam DA, Aboul-Fotouh S. Risperidone impedes glutamate excitotoxicity in a valproic acid rat model of autism: Role of ADAR2 in AMPA GluA2 RNA editing. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 955:175916. [PMID: 37460052 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Several reports indicate a plausible role of calcium (Ca2+) permeable AMPA glutamate receptors (with RNA hypo-editing at the GluA2 Q/R site) and the subsequent excitotoxicity-mediated neuronal death in the pathogenesis of a wide array of neurological disorders including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study was designed to examine the effects of chronic risperidone treatment on the expression of adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 2 (Adar2), the status of AMPA glutamate receptor GluA2 editing, and its effects on oxidative/nitrosative stress and excitotoxicity-mediated neuronal death in the prenatal valproic acid (VPA) rat model of ASD. Prenatal VPA exposure was associated with autistic-like behaviors accompanied by an increase in the apoptotic marker "caspase-3" and a decrease in the antiapoptotic marker "BCL2" alongside a reduction in the Adar2 relative gene expression and an increase in GluA2 Q:R ratio in the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex. Risperidone, at doses of 1 and 3 mg, improved the VPA-induced behavioral deficits and enhanced the Adar2 relative gene expression and the subsequent GluA2 subunit editing. This was reflected on the cellular level where risperidone impeded VPA-induced oxidative/nitrosative stress and neurodegenerative changes. In conclusion, the present study confirms a possible role for Adar2 downregulation and the subsequent hypo-editing of the GluA2 subunit in the pathophysiology of the prenatal VPA rat model of autism and highlights the favorable effect of risperidone on reversing the RNA editing machinery deficits, giving insights into a new possible mechanism of risperidone in autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Z Habib
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Esraa M Elnahas
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yasmin M Aboul-Ela
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mai A Ebeid
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa Tarek
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Doaa R Sadek
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman A Negm
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dina A Abdelhakam
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sawsan Aboul-Fotouh
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Kotchetkov P, Blakeley N, Lacoste B. Involvement of brain metabolism in neurodevelopmental disorders. Int Rev Neurobiol 2023; 173:67-113. [PMID: 37993180 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) affect a significant portion of the global population and have a substantial social and economic impact worldwide. Most NDDs manifest in early childhood and are characterized by deficits in cognition, communication, social interaction and motor control. Due to a limited understanding of the etiology of NDDs, current treatment options primarily focus on symptom management rather than on curative solutions. Moreover, research on NDDs is problematic due to its reliance on a neurocentric approach. However, recent studies are broadening the scope of research on NDDs, to include dysregulations within a diverse network of brain cell types, including vascular and glial cells. This review aims to summarize studies from the past few decades on potential new contributions to the etiology of NDDs, with a special focus on metabolic signatures of various brain cells. In particular, we aim to convey how the metabolic functions are intimately linked to the onset and/or progression of common NDDs such as autism spectrum disorders, fragile X syndrome, Rett syndrome and Down syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Kotchetkov
- Neuroscience Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Nicole Blakeley
- Neuroscience Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Baptiste Lacoste
- Neuroscience Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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