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Dalibalta S, Abukhaled Y, Samara F. Factors influencing the prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in the United Arab Emirates. Rev Environ Health 2022; 37:311-319. [PMID: 35538690 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2021-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Statistics indicate that at least 20-25% of women suffer from PCOS in the Gulf region. Despite its prevalence and negative implications on reproductive, metabolic, and physiological heath the exact cause of PCOS is unknown, in part due to the diversity of symptoms manifested by this disorder. In this review, we investigate causes of PCOS globally and draw on these studies, to determine the potential contributing factors for PCOS pathogenesis in the UAE population. The most frequently identified factors promoting PCOS pathogenesis that may be pertinent to this population include physiological factors such as insulin resistance, vitamin D deficiency, genetic factors, obesity, and anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) levels in the body as well as environmental factors such as air pollution, endocrine disrupting chemicals, and pesticide use. This evidence will help inform healthcare workers and government agencies to set up optimal guidelines for control and awareness of PCOS in the UAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Dalibalta
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yara Abukhaled
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fatin Samara
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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ElHajj Chehadeh S, Sayed NS, Abdelsamad HS, Almahmeed W, Khandoker AH, Jelinek HF, Alsafar HS. Genetic Variants and Their Associations to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Complications in the United Arab Emirates. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 12:751885. [PMID: 35069435 PMCID: PMC8772337 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.751885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is associated with microvascular complications, including diabetic retinopathy (DR), diabetic nephropathy (DNp), and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). In this study, we investigated genetic variations and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with DR, DNp, DPN and their combinations among T2DM patients of Arab origin from the United Arab Emirates, to establish the role of genes in the progression of microvascular diabetes complications. Methods A total of 158 Emirati patients with T2DM were recruited in this study. The study population was divided into 8 groups based on the presence of single, dual, or all three complications. SNPs were selected for association analyses through a search of publicly available databases, specifically genome-wide association study (GWAS) catalog, infinome genome interpretation platform, and GWAS Central database. A multivariate logistic regression analysis and association test were performed to evaluate the association between 83 SNPs and DR, DNp, DPN, and their combinations. Results Eighty-three SNPs were identified as being associated with T2DM and 18 SNPs had significant associations to one or more diabetes complications. The most strongly significant association for DR was rs3024997 SNP in the VEGFA gene. The top-ranked SNP for DPN was rs4496877 in the NOS3 gene. A trend towards association was detected at rs833068 and rs3024998 in the VEGFA gene with DR and rs743507 and rs1808593 in the NOS3 gene with DNp. For dual complications, the rs833061, rs833068 and rs3024997 in the VEGFA gene and the rs4149263 SNP in the ABCA1 gene were also with borderline association with DR/DNp and DPN/DNp, respectively. Diabetic with all of the complications was significantly associated with rs2230806 in the ABCA1 gene. In addition, the highly associated SNPs rs3024997 of the VEGFA gene and rs4496877 of the NOS3 gene were linked to DR and DPN after adjusting for the effects of other associated markers, respectively. Conclusions The present study reports associations of different genetic polymorphisms with microvascular complications and their combinations in Emirati T2DM patients, reporting new associations, and corroborating previous findings. Of interest is that some SNPs/genes were only present if multiple comorbidities were present and not associated with any single complication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Noura S. Sayed
- Khalifa University Center of Biotechnology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hanin S. Abdelsamad
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wael Almahmeed
- Institute of Cardiac Science, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahsan H. Khandoker
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center (HEIC), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Herbert F. Jelinek
- Khalifa University Center of Biotechnology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center (HEIC), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Habiba S. Alsafar
- Khalifa University Center of Biotechnology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Ding Q, Zhao W, Long J, Alsafar H, Zhou Q, Chen H. Cis-regulation of antisense noncoding RNA at the JAZF1 locus in type 2 diabetes. J Gene Med 2022; 24:e3407. [PMID: 34978128 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several genomic loci of type 2 diabetes (T2D) nominated in genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have been suggested to regulate metabolism in muscle. However, a large portion of the genetic risk and the underlying regulation remain unexplained. This study aimed to localize the potentially functional regions or genes at juxtaposed with another zinc finger protein 1 (JAZF1) locus and interpret their possible biological mechanisms in the muscle of T2D. METHODS AND RESULTS With a cross-population meta-analysis of 7 GWASs, we identified a linkage disequilibrium (LD) block within intron 1 of JAZF1 that was significantly associated with T2D (FDR < 0.05). The colocalization analysis showed a significant association between genetically determined expression of JAZF1 in skeletal muscle and T2D with a strong probability of colocalization (PP4=75.09%). This region also encodes the upstream regulatory region (URR) of the antisense noncoding RNA JAZF1-AS1. Expression-QTL (e-QTL) analysis detected a regulatory SNP within this LD block, rs864745, that is associated with the expression of JAZF1-AS1 and JAZF1. With in vitro cloning, we further reported the role of JAZF1-AS1 in cis-regulating JAZF1 by directly forming RNA double strands. Downregulation of JAZF1, caused by JAZF1-AS1 depletion, inhibited the glucose uptake and lipid oxidation in skeletal muscle. CONCLUSIONS This study proposes a strategy to identify a novel T2D gene at the reported locus and generated a model in which polymorphisms at JAZF1 influence T2D risk through antisense-mediated gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuju Ding
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiwei Zhao
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jirong Long
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Habiba Alsafar
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science & Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huimei Chen
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Baalfaqih Z, Sulaiman F, Abu-samra N, Alshaikh M, Mawart A, Osman W, Mahmeed WA, Tay G, Alsafar H. Association between genetic variants at chromosome 9p21 and risk of coronary artery disease in Emirati Type 2 Diabetes patients. Gene Reports 2020; 21:100892. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kalan Farmanfarma KH, Ansari-Moghaddam A, Zareban I, Adineh HA. Prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Middle-East: Systematic review& meta-analysis. Prim Care Diabetes 2020; 14:297-304. [PMID: 32044288 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Type 2 diabetes is increasing in both developed and developing countries due to popularity of western lifestyle and population structure. Then, this systematic review aimed to identify the prevalence and trend of diabetes in the Middle-East region. METHOD We searched Google Scholar, PubMed and Medline from 2000 up to 2018. MeSH terms were a combination of "diabetes", "prevalence", "diabetes mellitus", "type 2 diabetes", "Name of Countries" and "Middle East". Pooled estimates were obtained by means of random effect models to account for variation between studies. FINDING Of the initially 669 identified articles, a total of 50 reports with 4,263,662 subjects met inclusion criteria. The combined prevalence of diabetes in the region was about 14.6% (95% CI: 11.6-17.5) which varied from 2.6% (95% CI: 2.5-2.6) to 21.9 (95% CI: 16.8-17.5) amongst countries. Therefore, approximately a total of 46 million individuals are now suffering from diabetes in the Middle East based on above-mentioned pooled estimate. CONCLUSION The pattern and growing trend of diabetes during last 20 years in the study area is alarming and underline the point that maximal risk reduction for developing diabetes should be at the top of health priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Kalan Farmanfarma
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - A Ansari-Moghaddam
- Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - I Zareban
- Health Education Department, Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - H A Adineh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran.
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Osman WM, Khan SM, Jelinek HF, Almahmeed W, Tay GK, Alsafar HS. Clinical correlations and genetic associations of metabolic syndrome in the United Arab Emirates. Gene 2020; 738:144476. [PMID: 32061761 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) contributes to increased risk of morbidity and mortality. The United Arab Emirates (UAE) has a high prevalence of MetS which may be linked to modifiable and genetic risk factors in the local population. The association between MetS as a phenotype and key genetic variants in the UAE has not been investigated. This study reports on the clinical, biochemical and genetic associations of MetS and its risk factors to improve individualized medicine outcomes. METHODS There were 471 subjects included in this cross-sectional study, 367 with MetS and 104 without MetS. Along with clinical and laboratory parameters, multiple risk genetic variants were tested for their association with MetS, which include 49 variants that have previously been shown to be linked with MetS development as a phenotype, 116 variants for association with waist-hip ratio (WHR), 398 variants with body-mass index (BMI), 213 variants with T2DM and insulin resistance, 307 variants with different lipid traits, 308 variants with blood pressure traits, and 64 variants with coronary and cerebrovascular accidents. RESULTS Patients with MetS had higher rates of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension and dyslipidemia (p < 0.0001). Waist circumference and T2DM were identified as the key risk factors for MetS development. Individuals with MetS were also found to have a higher rate of clinical complications than those without MetS (76% vs. 52%). Several gene variants including those of the FTO gene were found to be associated with a predisposition to developing MetS or some of its components (PFTO ~0.005-0.009). CONCLUSIONS This study showed associations between MetS as well as clinical factors contributing to MetS and specific genetic and metabolic risk factors, providing an insight into the metabolic and genetic links to disease development. Knowledge with respect to population specific risk markers including at risk genotypes will help in early identification of individuals with increased susceptibility to MetS in the UAE and provide the opportunity for timely intervention to prevent or delay the onset of MetS.
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Abdulrahman M, Husain ZSM, Abdouli KA, Kazim MN, Sayed Mahdi Ahmad F, Carrick FR. Association between knowledge, awareness, and practice of patients with type 2 diabetes with socio-economic status, adherence to medication and disease complications. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2020; 163:108124. [PMID: 32259614 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Diabetes is a self-managed condition; knowledge, attitudes, and practices about the condition can influence the overall treatment outcomes and complications of the disease. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice toward diabetes among T2DM patients in the UAE, a highly prevalent country with diabetes. METHODS We used the revised Michigan Diabetes Knowledge Scale on T2DM patients. The awareness on diabetes was then assessed based on socio-demographic characteristics, illness perceptions, medication adherence, diabetic self-care, and T2DM complications. RESULTS Overall assessment of T2DM patients on their knowledge, and attitude toward their diabetes were good in the majority of participants (544, 76%; 570, 76% respectively). However, adherence to diabetic self-care practices was fair in the mainstream (437, 57%). The compliance to medication (527, 70%) and eye care practice (475, 63%), were quite high; yet regular checking blood sugar at home 330 (44%) and the foot care practice 336 (45%) were not satisfying. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that the intensive education service being given and time the physician spends with the T2DM patients is highly associated with better practice and outcome of the disease. There is a need for the establishment of better DM education programs in PHC clinics and the development of more campaigns and enlightening programs, both for health care providers and public on T2DM self-care, complications, and nature of the disease. We suggest that new policies be established with a focus on increasing community awareness of diabetes and preventive measures in UAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahera Abdulrahman
- Health Regulation Sector, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Zahra S M Husain
- Primary Healthcare Sector, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | | | | | - Frederick R Carrick
- Centre for Mental Health Research in association with University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL USA; MGH Institute for Health Professions, Boston, MA, USA
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Osman W, Hassoun A, Jelinek HF, Almahmeed W, Afandi B, Tay GK, Alsafar H. Genetics of type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease and their associations with twelve cardiometabolic traits in the United Arab Emirates population. Gene 2020; 750:144722. [PMID: 32360841 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The United Arab Emirates (UAE) population has a high rate of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and other metabolic risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD). Previous studies have indicated strong genetic associations between T2DM and CAD. The objective of this study was to replicate previously reported significant genetic associations for T2DM and CAD which were in a genome-wide significance level in a cohort from the Arab population of the UAE, and to investigate the associations of these loci with twelve cardiometabolic traits that may influence the development of T2DM and CAD. METHODS A total of nine hundreds and fourteen Emiratis were recruited to this study to investigate associations of 101 loci for T2DM (422 patients and 455 controls), and 53 loci for CAD (160 patients and 245 controls), using logistic regression models which incorporating possible confounding factors. Results are presented using odds ratios with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals and p-values. Linear regression models, which included possible covariates were applied to determine any associations between the T2DM and CAD reported loci with the twelve cardiometabolic traits and results were presented as effect sizes (beta), standard errors, and p-values. Furthermore, the overall risks for all the loci found to be associated with T2DM and CAD were determined using the cumulative effects of the risk alleles. For those found to be associated with the twelve cardiometabolic traits, risks were determined using calculations of their polygenic risk scores. RESULTS The mean age of the T2DM group was 61.5 ± 11.3 and of the CAD group was 66.2 ± 9.3 years. The prevalence of most of the cardiovascular disease risk factors in this cohort were high: mean body mass index (BMI) = 29.4, T2DM (51.9%), hypertension (60.9%), dyslipidemia (68.8%), and smoking (47.9%). All individuals who were tested for CAD (n = 405) also had a diagnosis of T2DM. The highest association variant for T2DM was in SNP rs1977833 in HHEX (p = 0.0016, OR = 0.56 for allele A), which is a multi-ethnic locus for T2DM. The strongest association with CAD was detected with SNP rs264 in LPL, which encodes lipoprotein lipase (p = 0.009, OR = 1.96 for allele A). For the cardiometabolic traits analyses, most notable associations were those of FTO with BMI and waist circumference; ABO with height; KCNK16 with diastolic blood pressure; PROX1-AS1, GCKR, and MIR129-LEP with fasting blood glucose; random blood glucose with ZEB2 and THADA; HbA1c levels with TLE1 and FAM99B loci; HDL-cholesterol levels with BRAF; and triglyceride levels with ZEB2. Furthermore, accumulation of risk alleles and polygenic scores of the associated loci was clearly associated with increased risks for all tested diseases and traits in this cohort. CONCLUSIONS The present study highlighted many known genetic loci, which are linked to T2DM and CAD and their associations with major cardiometabolic traits in Arab descendants. We confirmed that some loci are associated with T2DM, CAD, and metabolic traits independently of the ethnic background, with a novel association also detected between height and ABO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael Osman
- College of Arts and Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Khalifa University Center for Biotechnology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed Hassoun
- Dubai Diabetes Centre, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Herbert F Jelinek
- Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; School of Community Health, Charles Sturt University, Albury, Australia
| | - Wael Almahmeed
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Institute of Cardiac Science, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bachar Afandi
- Endocrine Diabetes Center, Tawam Hospital, SEHA, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Guan K Tay
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Australia; School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - Habiba Alsafar
- Khalifa University Center for Biotechnology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University, United Arab Emirates; College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, United Arab Emirates.
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Alblooshi H, Al Safar H, El Kashef A, Al Ghaferi H, Shawky M, Hulse GK, Tay GK. Stratified analyses of genome wide association study data reveal haplotypes for a candidate gene on chromosome 2 (KIAA1211L) is associated with opioid use in patients of Arabian descent. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:41. [PMID: 32005204 PMCID: PMC6995052 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-019-2425-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS) have been conducted to identify genes and pathways involved in development of opioid use disorder. This study extends the first GWAS of substance use disorder (SUD) patients from the United Arab Emirates (UAE) by stratifying the study group based on opioid use, which is the most common substance of use in this cohort. METHODS The GWAS cohort consisted of 512 (262 case, 250 controls) male participants from the UAE. The samples were genotyped using the Illumina Omni5 Exome system. Data was stratified according to opioid use using PLINK. Haplotype analysis was conducted using Haploview 4.2. RESULTS Two main associations were identified in this study. Firstly, two SNPs on chromosome 7 were associated with opioid use disorder, rs118129027 (p-value = 1.23 × 10 - 8) and rs74477937 (p-value = 1.48 × 10 - 8). This has been reported in Alblooshi et al. (Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 180(1):68-79, 2019). Secondly, haplotypes on chromosome 2 which mapped to the KIAA1211L locus were identified in association with opioid use. Five SNPs in high linkage disequilibrium (LD) (rs2280142, rs6542837, rs12712037, rs10175560, rs11900524) were arranged into haplotypes. Two haplotypes GAGCG and AGTTA were associated with opioid use disorders (p-value 3.26 × 10- 8 and 7.16 × 10- 7, respectively). CONCLUSION This is the first GWAS to identify candidate genes associated with opioid use disorder in participants from the UAE. The lack of other genetic data of Arabian descent opioid use patients has hindered replication of the findings. Nevertheless, the outcomes implicate new pathways in opioid use disorder that requires further research to assess the role of the identified genes in the development of opioid use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Alblooshi
- 0000 0004 1936 7910grid.1012.2Division of Psychiatry, the University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia Australia ,0000 0004 1936 7910grid.1012.2School of Human Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia Australia ,0000 0001 2193 6666grid.43519.3aCollege of Medicine and Health Science, The United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Habiba Al Safar
- 0000 0004 1762 9729grid.440568.bCenter of Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates ,0000 0004 1762 9729grid.440568.bDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed El Kashef
- National Rehabilitation Center, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Mansour Shawky
- National Rehabilitation Center, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Gary K. Hulse
- 0000 0004 1936 7910grid.1012.2Division of Psychiatry, the University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia Australia ,0000 0004 0389 4302grid.1038.aSchool of Health and Medical Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia Australia
| | - Guan K. Tay
- 0000 0004 1936 7910grid.1012.2Division of Psychiatry, the University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia Australia ,0000 0004 1762 9729grid.440568.bCenter of Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates ,0000 0004 1762 9729grid.440568.bDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates ,0000 0004 0389 4302grid.1038.aSchool of Health and Medical Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia Australia
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Ding Q, Tan ALM, Parra EJ, Cruz M, Sim X, Teo YY, Long J, Alsafar H, Petretto E, Tai ES, Chen H. Genome-wide meta-analysis associates GPSM1 with type 2 diabetes, a plausible gene involved in skeletal muscle function. J Hum Genet 2020; 65:411-20. [PMID: 31959871 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-019-0720-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified many genetic variations associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Asians, but understanding the functional genetic variants that influence traits is often a complex process. In this study, fine mapping and other analytical strategies were performed to investigate the effects of G protein signaling modulator 1 (GPSM1) on insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. A total of 128 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within GPSM1 were analysed in 21,897 T2DM cases and 32,710 healthy controls from seven GWASs. The SNP rs28539249 in intron 9 of GPSM1 showed a nominally significant association with T2DM in Asians (OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.04-1.10, P < 10-4). The GPSM1 mRNA was increased in skeletal muscle and correlated with T2DM traits across obese mice model. An eQTL for the cis-acting regulation of GPSM1 expression in human skeletal muscle was identified for rs28539249, and the increased GPSM1 expression related with T2DM traits within GEO datasets. Another independent Asian cohort showed that rs28539249 is associated with the skeletal muscle expression of CACFD1, GTF3C5, SARDH, and FAM163B genes, which are functionally enriched for endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways. Moreover, rs28539249 locus was predicted to disrupt regulatory regions in human skeletal muscle with enriched epigenetic marks and binding affinity for CTCF. Supershift EMSA assays followed luciferase assays demonstrated the CTCF specifically binding to rs28539249-C allele leading to decreased transcriptional activity. Thus, the post-GWAS annotation confirmed the Asian-specific association of genetic variant in GPSM1 with T2DM, suggesting a role for the variant in the regulation in skeletal muscle.
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Osman WM, Jelinek HF, Tay GK, Hassan MH, Almahmeed W, Khandoker AH, Khalaf K, Alsafar HS. Genetics of diabetic kidney disease: A follow-up study in the Arab population of the United Arab Emirates. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e985. [PMID: 31568687 PMCID: PMC6900378 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two genome-wide association studies in European and Japanese populations reported on new loci for diabetic kidney disease (DKD), including FTO. In this study, we have replicated these investigations on a cohort of 410 Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients of Arab origin from the United Arab Emirates (UAE). METHODS AND RESULTS The cohort included 145 diabetic patients diagnosed with DKD and 265 diabetics free of the disease. In general, we were able to confirm the association between the FTO locus and DKD, as reported in the Japanese population. Specifically, there were significant associations with two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), namely rs1421086 (p = .013, OR = 1.52 depending on allele G, 95% CI: 1.09-2.11) and rs17817449 (p = .0088, OR = 1.55 depending on allele C, 95% CI: 1.12-2.14) of the FTO locus. Both SNPs were in linkage disequilibrium with rs56094641, also as reported in the Japanese population. While the alleles of both SNPs, which increase the risk of DKD, were associated with higher Body Mass Index (BMI), their associations with DKD were independent of the BMI effects. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms that FTO is a multiethnic locus for DKD which is independent from any influence of BMI and/or obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael M. Osman
- Center for BiotechnologyKhalifa UniversityAbu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Herbert F. Jelinek
- School of Community HealthCharles Sturt UniversityAlburyAustralia
- Australian School of Advanced MedicineMacquarie UniversitySydneyAustralia
| | - Guan K. Tay
- Center for BiotechnologyKhalifa UniversityAbu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates
- School of Health and Medical SciencesEdith Cowan UniversityJoondalupAustralia
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of Western AustraliaCrawleyAustralia
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringKhalifa UniversityAbu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed H. Hassan
- Nephrology DivisionMedical InstituteSheikh Khalifa Medical CityAbu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Wael Almahmeed
- Institute of Cardiac ScienceSheikh Khalifa Medical CityAbu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates
- Heart and Vascular InstituteCleveland ClinicAbu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Ahsan H. Khandoker
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringKhalifa UniversityAbu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Kinda Khalaf
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringKhalifa UniversityAbu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Habiba S. Alsafar
- Center for BiotechnologyKhalifa UniversityAbu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringKhalifa UniversityAbu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates
- College of Medicine and Health SciencesKhalifa University of Science and TechnologyAbu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates
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12
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Al Ali M, El hajj Chehadeh S, Osman W, Almansoori K, Abdulrahman M, Tay G, Alsafar H. Investigating the association of rs7903146 of TCF7L2 gene, rs5219 of KCNJ11 gene, rs10946398 of CDKAL1 gene, and rs9939609 of FTO gene with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Emirati population. Meta Gene 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2019.100600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Alajmani DSA, Alkaabi AM, Alhosani MW, Folad AA, Abdouli FA, Carrick FR, Abdulrahman M. Prevalence of Undiagnosed Depression in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:259. [PMID: 31130915 PMCID: PMC6509230 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is the most prevalent type of diabetes among adults and constitutes around 90% of all cases. Substantial evidence demonstrates that depression in the context of diabetes is associated with a wide range of adverse consequences such as reduced adherence to the prescribed treatment regimen, lower quality of life, higher fasting glucose and HbA1c levels, and higher health expenditures. Methods: This study was conducted to assess the depression among T2DM patients attending diabetic clinics, primary healthcare centers (PHC), Dubai Health Authority (DHA). Depressive symptoms were assessed by using both Arabic and English version of the Beck Depression Inventory. Results: Out of 1,050 diabetic patients approached, 559 were within our inclusion criteria and agreed to participate in this study (Response rate of 53%). The mainstream of the participants had T2DM for <10 years (393, 70%), were under oral hypoglycemic treatment only (479, 86%), and had good medication adherence (526, 94%). The overall depression prevalence using a cutoff of 16 was 17%. When we assessed the level of depression amongst participants in association with their sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, there was a significant difference between age groups (p < 0.00001); gender (p < 0.0001); nationality (p < 0.00001); educational level (p < 0.00001); and employment status (p < 0.0001). The type of clinic in which the T2DM patients were attending (e.g., diabetes mini-clinic vs. General Family Clinic) was also significantly associated with depression (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that the intensive service being given in a diabetes mini-clinic compared to routine PHC clinics appears to benefit the psychological aspects of T2DM patients in the UAE population resulting in a lower incidence of depression than commonly seen in a diabetic population. We have identified a need for the establishment of these mini-clinics in each PHC clinics; and the development of campaigns and educational programs, both for health care providers and the public to decrease depression in T2DM patients in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Frederick Robert Carrick
- Department of Neurology, Carrick Institute, Cape Canaveral, FL, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, United States
- Centre for Mental Health Research in Association, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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14
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Alblooshi H, Al Safar H, Fisher HF, Cordell HJ, El Kashef A, Al Ghaferi H, Shawky M, Reece S, Hulse GK, Tay GK. A case-control genome wide association study of substance use disorder (SUD) identifies novel variants on chromosome 7p14.1 in patients from the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2019; 180:68-79. [PMID: 30556296 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Genome wide association studies (GWASs) have provided insights into the molecular basis of the disorder in different population. This study presents the first GWAS of substance use disorder (SUD) in patients from the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The aim was to identify genetic association(s) that may provide insights into the molecular basis of the disorder. The GWAS discovery cohort consisted of 512 (250 cases and 262 controls) male participants from the UAE. Controls with no prior history of SUD were available from the Emirates family registry. The replication cohort consisted of 520 (415 cases and 105 controls) Australian male Caucasian participants. The GWAS discovery samples were genotyped for 4.6 million single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). The replication cohort was genotyped using TaqMan assay. The GWAS association analysis identified three potential SNPs rs118129027 (p-value = 6.24 × 10-8 ), rs74477937 (p-value = 8.56 × 10-8 ) and rs78707086 (p-value = 8.55 × 10-8 ) on ch7p14.1, that did not meet the GWAS significance threshold but were highly suggestive. In the replication cohort, the association of the three top SNPs did not reach statistical significance. In a meta-analysis of the discovery and the replication cohorts, there were no strengthen evidence for association of the three SNPs. The top identified rs118129027 overlaps with a regulatory factor (enhancer) region that targets three neighboring genes LOC105375237, LOC105375240, and YAE1D1. The YAE1D1, which represents a potential locus that is involved in regulating translation initiation pathway. Novel associations that require further confirmation were identified, suggesting a new insight to the genetic basis of SUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Alblooshi
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Human Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Habiba Al Safar
- Center of Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Holly F Fisher
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Heather J Cordell
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmed El Kashef
- National Rehabilitation Center, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Mansour Shawky
- National Rehabilitation Center, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Stuart Reece
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gary K Hulse
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Medical Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Guan K Tay
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,Center of Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,School of Medical Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
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15
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Azzam SK, Osman WM, Lee S, Khalaf K, Khandoker AH, Almahmeed W, Jelinek HF, Al Safar HS. Genetic Associations With Diabetic Retinopathy and Coronary Artery Disease in Emirati Patients With Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:283. [PMID: 31130920 PMCID: PMC6509200 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is associated with both microvascular complications such as diabetic retinopathy (DR), and macrovascular complications like coronary artery disease (CAD). Genetic risk factors have a role in the development of these complications. In the present case-control study, we investigated genetic variations associated with DR and CAD in T2DM patients from the United Arab Emirates. Methods: A total of 407 Emirati patients with T2DM were recruited. Categorization of the study population was performed based on the presence or absence of DR and CAD. Seventeen Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs), were selected for association analyses through search of publicly available databases, namely GWAS catalog, infinome genome interpretation platform and GWAS Central database. A multivariate logistic regression test was performed to evaluate the association between the 17 SNPs and DR, CAD, or both. To account for multiple testing, significance was set at p < 0.00294 using the Bonferroni correction. Results: The SNPs rs9362054 near the CEP162 gene and rs4462262 near the UBE2D1 gene were associated with DR (OR = 1.66, p = 0.001; OR = 1.37, p = 0.031; respectively), and rs12219125 near the PLXDC2 gene was associated (suggestive) with CAD (OR = 2.26, p = 0.034). Furthermore, rs9362054 near the CEP162 gene was significantly associated with both complications (OR = 2.27, p = 0.0021). The susceptibility genes for CAD (PLXDC2) and DR (UBE2D1) have a role in angiogenesis and neovascularization. Moreover, association between the ciliary gene CEP162 and DR was established in terms of retinal neural processing, confirming previous reports. Conclusions: The present study reports associations of different genetic loci with DR and CAD. We report new associations between CAD and PLXDC2, and DR with UBE2D1 using data from T2DM Emirati patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K. Azzam
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wael M. Osman
- Khalifa University Center of Biotechnology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sungmun Lee
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kinda Khalaf
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahsan H. Khandoker
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wael Almahmeed
- Institute of Cardiac Science, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Herbert F. Jelinek
- Australian School of Advanced Medicine, Sydney and School of Community Health, Charles Sturt University, Macquarie University, Albury, NSW, Australia
| | - Habiba S. Al Safar
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Khalifa University Center of Biotechnology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- *Correspondence: Habiba S. Al Safar
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16
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Osman WM, Jelinek HF, Tay GK, Khandoker AH, Khalaf K, Almahmeed W, Hassan MH, Alsafar HS. Clinical and genetic associations of renal function and diabetic kidney disease in the United Arab Emirates: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e020759. [PMID: 30552240 PMCID: PMC6303615 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Within the Emirati population, risk factors and genetic predisposition to diabetic kidney disease (DKD) have not yet been investigated. The aim of this research was to determine potential clinical, laboratory and reported genetic loci as risk factors for DKD. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Four hundred and ninety unrelated Emirati nationals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were recruited with and without DKD, and clinical and laboratory data were obtained. Following adjustments for possible confounders, a logistic regression model was developed to test the associations of 63 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 43 genetic loci with DKD (145 patients with DKD and 265 without DKD). Linear regression models, adjusted for age and gender, were then used to study the genetic associations of five renal function traits, including 83 SNPs with albumin-to-creatinine ratio, 92 SNPs with vitamin D (25-OH cholecalciferol), 288 SNPs with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), 363 SNPs with serum creatinine and 73 SNPs with blood urea. RESULTS Patients with DKD, as compared with those without the disease, were mostly men (52%vs38% for controls), older (67vs59 years) and had significant rates of hypertension and dyslipidaemia. Furthermore, patients with DKD had T2DM for a longer duration of time (16vs10 years), which in an additive manner was the single factor that significantly contributed to the development of DKD (p=0.02, OR=3.12, 95% CI 1.21 to 8.02). Among the replicated associations of the genetic loci with different renal function traits, the most notable included SHROOM3 with levels of serum creatinine, eGFR and DKD (Padjusted=0.04, OR=1.46); CASR, GC and CYP2R1 with vitamin D levels; as well as WDR72 with serum creatinine and eGFR levels. CONCLUSIONS Associations were found between several genetic loci and risk markers for DKD, which may influence kidney function traits and DKD in a population of Arab ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael M Osman
- Center of Biotechnology, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Herbert F Jelinek
- School of Community Health, Charles Sturt University, Albury, New South Wales, Australia
- Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Guan K Tay
- Center of Biotechnology, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia
- Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahsan H Khandoker
- Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kinda Khalaf
- Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wael Almahmeed
- Institute of Cardiac Science, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed H Hassan
- Medical Institute, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Habiba S Alsafar
- Center of Biotechnology, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Haroun D, Mechli R, Sahuri R, AlKhatib S, Obeid O, El Mallah C, Wood L, AlSuwaidi K. Metabolic syndrome among adolescents in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, is attributable to the high prevalence of low HDL levels: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:1284. [PMID: 30463538 PMCID: PMC6249919 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-6215-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) describes a combination of risk factors that increase the risk of developing chronic diseases. The prevalences of MetS and its risk factors are increasing, especially in the Arab region. A cross-sectional study was carried out to assess the prevalences of MetS and its associated risk factors among adolescents in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). METHODS A total of 596 students (308 boys and 288 girls) aged 10 to 15.9 years old were recruited from 14 public secondary schools in Dubai, UAE. Anthropometric and biochemical data were measured. RESULTS According to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria, the prevalence of MetS was 3.7%, and it was more common among boys than girls (12 boys versus 10 girls). MetS was also more likely to be found in students who were obese or overweight than those with normal weight. The most prevalent and significant MetS risk factor was low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates the importance of carrying out further investigations about the constituents of HDL and their atherogenic effects. Additionally, these results strongly recommend setting a consensus for HDL measurement, since small variations in methodologies may lead to substantial deviations in results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Haroun
- Department of Public Health and Nutrition, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Rola Mechli
- Department of Public Health and Nutrition, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Razan Sahuri
- Department of Public Health and Nutrition, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Safa AlKhatib
- Department of Public Health and Nutrition, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Omar Obeid
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Carla El Mallah
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Lesley Wood
- Department of Public Health and Nutrition, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khulood AlSuwaidi
- School Health Center, Ministry of Health and Prevention, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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Saber-Ayad M, Manzoor S, El Serafi A, Mahmoud I, Hammoudeh S, Rani A, Abusnana S, Sulaiman N. The FTO rs9939609 "A" allele is associated with impaired fasting glucose and insulin resistance in Emirati population. Gene 2018; 681:93-98. [PMID: 30273662 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fat mass and obesity-associated protein gene variants have shown diverse influence on body weight and metabolism across different populations. Overweight, obesity and metabolic syndrome are multifactorial major health problems in the UAE and worldwide. Insulin resistance represents the link between overweight and development of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus. We investigated two (FTO) variants in Emirati population, in relation to insulin resistance and different parameters of metabolic syndrome. METHODS We recruited 259 Emiratis through the UAE National Diabetes and Lifestyle Project. Ethical approval was obtained. Besides basic data collection, venous blood samples were collected. Fasting blood glucose, Lipid profile, and insulin levels were measured. Genotyping for (FTO) rs9939609 (A>T) and rs9930506 (G>A) were performed using real time-PCR. Insulin resistance were identified using HOMA2-IR calculation; with a cut-off point of 1.4 for female and 1.18 for male subjects. RESULTS The study included 259 Emiratis (age range 30-53 years, mean 41.76 years, 54.4% females), 24.5% are diabetic and 30.8% are hypertensive, with body mass index of 28.4 ± 5.9 and 28.7 ± 5.7 kg/m2 in female and male subjects, respectively. Homozygous A of rs9939609 showed significantly higher fasting glucose compared to other genotypes (p = 0.04) with a trend of higher insulin level and HOMA-2IR. The A/A diabetic patients (n = 13) showed significantly higher insulin levels compared to other genotypes. G allele of rs9930506 showed a trend of higher fasting glucose and HOMA-2IR, but lower insulin level and HbA1c. No association of genotypes was detected with other components of metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSION There is an association of FTO rs9939609 A/A genotype and impaired fasting glucose and insulin resistance. Homozygous A genotype diabetic patients may be more vulnerable to blood glucose fluctuation. Focused genotyping can help the health care providers to identify high risk groups of both normal population and diabetic patients to intervene accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Saber-Ayad
- College of Medicine, Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; College of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Shaista Manzoor
- College of Medicine, Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed El Serafi
- College of Medicine, Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; College of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim Mahmoud
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sarah Hammoudeh
- College of Medicine, Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aghila Rani
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Salah Abusnana
- College of Medicine, Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nabil Sulaiman
- College of Medicine, Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Abuelmagd W, Afandi B, Håkonsen H, Khmidi S, Toverud EL. Challenges in the management of Type 2 Diabetes among native women in the United Arab Emirates. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2018; 142:56-62. [PMID: 29673847 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2018.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) management in native female patients in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). METHODS Ninety women from the outpatient diabetes clinic at Tawam Hospital, UAE, were interviewed face-to-face about how they manage their disease, using a structured questionnaire. Clinical values of the patients were extracted from medical records. RESULTS The mean age of the women was 57.5 (SD: 12.7) years and half of them were illiterates. Two-third of the participants had hypertension and/or high cholesterol. A majority reported to have received information about lifestyle modification but admitted low physical activity and unhealthy diet. Mean weight and BMI were 80.0 (SD: 17.2) kg and 33.5 (SD: 6.3) kg/m2, respectively. Although the majority were taught how to measure blood glucose, 46% considered self-measurement difficult. Oral antihyperglycemic drugs were used by 96% of participants, and 31% were also taking injections. Forty-nine percent had HbA1c values below 7% and the average was 7.7% (range: 4.9-14.1). Two-third had systolic blood pressure (SBP) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) values within the target range. CONCLUSION Despite major challenges in T2DM management among native female patients in UAE, this study shows that one in two patients had an overall glycemic control that was acceptable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa Abuelmagd
- Department of Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Bachar Afandi
- Diabetes Centre, Tawam-John Hopkins Hospital, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Helle Håkonsen
- Department of Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Seham Khmidi
- Diabetes Centre, Tawam-John Hopkins Hospital, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Else-Lydia Toverud
- Department of Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Osman W, Tay GK, Alsafar H. Multiple genetic variations confer risks for obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus in arab descendants from UAE. Int J Obes (Lond). 2018;42:1345-1353. [PMID: 29717269 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0057-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is one of the countries most threatened with obesity. Here we investigated associations between hundreds of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the following obesity indicators: body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and height. We also investigated the associations between obesity-related genes with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS We tested 87, 58, and 586 SNPs in a previous genome-wide significance level for associations with BMI (n = 880), WC (n = 455), and height (n = 897), respectively. For each trait, we used normally transformed Z scores and tested them with SNPs using linear regression models that incorporated age and gender as covariates. The weighted polygenic risk scores for significant SNPs for each trait were tested with the corresponding Z scores using linear regression models with the same covariates. We further tested 145 obesity loci with T2DM (464 cases, 415 controls) using a logistic regression model including age, gender, and BMI Z scores as covariates. RESULTS The Mean BMI was 29.39 kg/m2, and mean WC was 103.66 cm. Hypertension and dyslipidemia were common obesity comorbidities (>60%). The best associations for BMI was in FTO, LOC284260 and USP37, and for WC in RFX7 and MYEOV. For height, the best association was in NSD1 followed by MFAP2 and seven other loci. The polygenic scores revealed stronger associations for each trait than individual SNPs; although they could only explain <1% of the traits' Z scores variations. For T2DM, the strongest associations were with the TCF7L2 and MC4R loci (P < 0.01, OR ~1.70), with novel associations detected with KCNK3 and RARB. CONCLUSIONS In this first study of Arab descendants, we confirmed several known obesity (FTO, USP37, and RFX7), height (NSD1, MFAP2), and T2DM (TCF7L2, MC4R) associations; and report novel associations, like KCNK3 and RARB for T2DM.
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21
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Alblooshi H, Hulse G, Osman W, El Kashef A, Shawky M, Al Ghaferi H, Al Safar H, Tay GK. The frequency of DRD2 rs1076560 and OPRM1 rs1799971 in substance use disorder patients from the United Arab Emirates. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2018; 17:22. [PMID: 29881439 PMCID: PMC5984335 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-018-0192-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dopaminergic and opioid systems are involved in mediating drug reward and reinforcement of various types of substances including psychoactive compounds. Genes of both systems have been candidate for investigation for associations with substance use disorder (SUD) in various populations. This study is the first study to determine the allele frequency and the genetic association of the DRD2 rs1076560 SNP and OPRM1 rs1799971 SNP variants in clinically diagnosed patients with SUD from the United Arab Emirates (UAE). METHODS A cross-sectional case-control cohort that consisted of 512 male subjects was studied. Two hundred and fifty patients with SUD receiving treatment at the UAE National Rehabilitation Center were compared to 262 controls with no prior history of mental health and SUD. DNA from each subject was extracted and genotyped using the TaqMan ® SNP genotyping assay. RESULTS There were no significant associations observed for DRD2 rs1076560 SNP, OPRM1 rs1799971 SNP, and combined genotypes of both SNPs in the SUD group. CONCLUSION Further research is required with refinements to the criteria of the clinical phenotypes. Genetic studies have to be expanded to include other variants of the gene, the interaction with other genes, and possible epigenetic relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Alblooshi
- 1School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA Australia.,2School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA Australia
| | - Gary Hulse
- 2School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA Australia.,3School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Wael Osman
- 4Center of Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research, PO Box 1227788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed El Kashef
- United Arab Emirates National Rehabilitation Center, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mansour Shawky
- United Arab Emirates National Rehabilitation Center, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hamad Al Ghaferi
- United Arab Emirates National Rehabilitation Center, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Habiba Al Safar
- 4Center of Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research, PO Box 1227788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,6Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Guan K Tay
- 2School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA Australia.,3School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA Australia.,4Center of Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research, PO Box 1227788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,6Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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22
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Jones RJ, Tay GK, Mawart A, Alsafar H. Y-Chromosome haplotypes reveal relationships between populations of the Arabian Peninsula, North Africa and South Asia. Ann Hum Biol 2017; 44:738-746. [PMID: 28948851 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2017.1384508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is positioned at the crossroads of human migration out of Africa and through to Asia and Europe. AIM To compare the degree of genetic diversity of the Arabian UAE population with populations in other countries from the Middle East, South Asia and North Africa. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Twenty-seven Y-STR were analysed in 217 individuals. Y-STR haplotypes from this study were compared to population data stored in YHRD, using MDS and AMOVA. RESULTS Two hundred and twelve haplotypes were observed in the 217 individuals studied. Although the reduction in Y-STR loci from 27 to 17 resulted in a decrease in discriminatory power, comparisons of populations were possible. The UAE population clustered closer with other populations of the Middle East. The South Asian and North African populations were separated by Middle Eastern populations in between both clusters. CONCLUSION This is the first study to report the diversity of a population of the Arabian Peninsula using 27 Y-STR. MDS plots show that Middle Eastern populations are positioned in the centre, with African, Asian and European populations around the Arab population cluster. The findings of this study are consistent with this region being at the epicentre of human migration between continents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Jones
- a School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology , University of Western Australia , Crawley , WA , Australia
| | - Guan K Tay
- b School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences , University of Western Australia , Crawley , WA , Australia.,c School of Medical and Health Sciences , Edith Cowan University , Joondalup , WA , Australia.,d Center for Biotechnology , Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research , Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates
| | - Aurélie Mawart
- d Center for Biotechnology , Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research , Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates
| | - Habiba Alsafar
- d Center for Biotechnology , Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research , Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates.,e Faculty of Biomedical Engineering , Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research , Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates
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Viner R, White B, Christie D. Type 2 diabetes in adolescents: a severe phenotype posing major clinical challenges and public health burden. Lancet 2017; 389:2252-2260. [PMID: 28589895 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(17)31371-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes in adolescence manifests as a severe progressive form of diabetes that frequently presents with complications, responds poorly to treatment, and results in rapid progression of microvascular and macrovascular complications. Although overall still a rare disease, adolescent type 2 diabetes now poses major challenges to paediatric and adult diabetes services in many countries. Therapeutic options are heavily curtailed by a dearth of knowledge about the condition, with low numbers of participants and poor trial recruitment impeding research. Together with lifestyle modification, metformin remains the first-line therapy for adolescents with type 2 diabetes, although the majority rapidly progress to treatment failure and insulin therapy. Early bariatric surgery is controversial but has great potential to transform outcomes. Health systems must respond by both concentrating patients in specialist clinical services integrated with translational research programmes, but also by joining up with local health and social care services to improve engagement and uptake of services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell Viner
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Child and Adolescent Diabetes Service, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - Billy White
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Child and Adolescent Diabetes Service, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Deborah Christie
- Child and Adolescent Diabetes Service, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; UCL Institute of Epidemiology and Healthcare, London, UK
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Jones RJ, Tayyare WA, Tay GK, Alsafar H, Goodwin WH. Population data for 21 autosomal short tandem repeat markers in the Arabic population of the United Arab Emirates. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2017; 28:e41-e42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Jelinek HF, Osman WM, Khandoker AH, Khalaf K, Lee S, Almahmeed W, Alsafar HS. Clinical profiles, comorbidities and complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients from United Arab Emirates. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2017; 5:e000427. [PMID: 28878941 PMCID: PMC5574445 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2017-000427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess clinical profiles of patients with type 2 diabetes in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), including patterns, frequencies, and risk factors of microvascular and macrovascular complications. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Four hundred and ninety patients with type 2 diabetes were enrolled from two major hospitals in Abu Dhabi. The presence of microvascular and macrovascular complications was assessed using logistic regression, and demographic, clinical and laboratory data were collected. Significance was set at p<0.05. RESULTS Hypertension (83.40%), obesity (90.49%) and dyslipidemia (93.43%) were common type 2 diabetes comorbidities. Most of the patients had relatively poor glycemic control and presented with multiple complications (83.47% of patients had one or more complication), with frequent renal involvement. The most frequent complication was retinopathy (13.26%). However, the pattern of complications varied based on age, where in patients <65 years, a single pattern presented, usually retinopathy, while multiple complications was typically seen in patients >65 years old. Low estimated glomerular filtration rate in combination with disease duration was the most significant risk factor in the development of a diabetic-associated complication especially for coronary artery disease, whereas age, lipid values and waist circumference were significantly associated with the development of diabetic retinopathy. CONCLUSIONS Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the UAE frequently present with comorbidities and complications. Renal disease was found to be the most common comorbidity, while retinopathy was noted as the most common diabetic complication. This emphasizes the need for screening and prevention program toward early, asymptomatic identification of comorbidities and commence treatment, especially for longer disease duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert F Jelinek
- School of Community Health, Charles Sturt University, Albury, Australia
- Australian School of Advanced Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Wael M Osman
- Khalifa University Center of Biotechnology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahsan H Khandoker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kinda Khalaf
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sungmun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wael Almahmeed
- Institute of Cardiac Science, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Habiba S Alsafar
- Khalifa University Center of Biotechnology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Alblooshi H, Hulse GK, El Kashef A, Al Hashmi H, Shawky M, Al Ghaferi H, Al Safar H, Tay GK. The pattern of substance use disorder in the United Arab Emirates in 2015: results of a National Rehabilitation Centre cohort study. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2016; 11:19. [PMID: 27177422 PMCID: PMC4866416 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-016-0062-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Substance use disorder (SUD) is a global problem with no boundaries, which also afflicts individuals from countries of the Arabian Peninsula. Data from this region is limited. In an effort to develop targeted prevention and intervention initiatives in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), it was necessary to identify the nature of substance use by describing the characteristics of those using different substances. Consequently, this study in the UAE was conceived to describe the pattern of SUD in a first-ever cohort that was systematically recruited from the country’s National Rehabilitation Centre (NRC) in Abu Dhabi. Methods Two hundred and fifty male patients were recruited from the NRC. Information on substance use was collected using a questionnaire that was completed at an interview with patients who consented to participate. The questionnaire was based on information that the study was designed to capture. It was reviewed by members of institutional ethics committees and approved prior to use. Two hundred and fifty male subjects from the Emirates Family Registry (EFR) were used as a comparison group. Results In the cohort studied, SUD correlated with smoking and marital status. Poly-substance users formed the majority of the cohort (84.4 %) with various combinations of substances identified across different age groups. Opioid and alcohol were the most common substances used. The use of pharmaceutical opioids, primarily Tramadol (67.2 % of opioid users), was higher among the youngest age group studied (<30 years old), while older opioid users (≥30 years old) commonly used illicit opioids (Heroin). The use of prescribed medication for non-medical use also included Pregabalin (mean of 8.3 capsules ± 0.5 per day), Procyclidin (6.1 tablets + 0.6 per day) and Carisoprodol (4.2 tablets ± 0.4 per day) and was again highest in the age group below 30 years. Conclusion This 2015 study highlights the importance of examining the pattern of poly-substance use in a population in order to develop targeted prevention programs to arrest the prevailing trends. It has drawn attention to the rise in use of prescription medication in the UAE, in particular among younger patients (<30 years), and continuing use of illicit opioid amongst males above 30 years. Specific prevention and intervention strategies, targeting differences between these distinct demographic profiles will capture a large subset of sufferers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Alblooshi
- Centre for Forensic Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, WA, Australia.,School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Gary K Hulse
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Ahmed El Kashef
- United Arab Emirates National Rehabilitation Center, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hanan Al Hashmi
- United Arab Emirates National Rehabilitation Center, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mansour Shawky
- United Arab Emirates National Rehabilitation Center, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hamad Al Ghaferi
- United Arab Emirates National Rehabilitation Center, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Habiba Al Safar
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Guan K Tay
- Centre for Forensic Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, WA, Australia. .,School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.
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El Hajj Chehadeh SW, Jelinek HF, Al Mahmeed WA, Tay GK, Odama UO, Elghazali GEB, Al Safar HS. Relationship between MTHFR C677T and A1298C gene polymorphisms and complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus in an Emirati population. Meta Gene 2016; 9:70-5. [PMID: 27222819 PMCID: PMC4856855 DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most common form of diabetes with clinical consequences giving rise to chronic multiple organ complications. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) polymorphisms are genetic variations that have been linked to T2DM, and micro/macrovascular complications. The link between MTHFR and T2DM however is strongly dependent on the ethnic group studied. The objective of this study was to investigate the possible association between two MTHFR polymorphisms (C677T and A1298C) and T2DM and specifically examine if there are any associations with clinical and demographic characteristics among patients in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Methods The study included 169 T2DM patients and 209 healthy controls. Genomic DNA was isolated and genotyped using TaqMan real-Time PCR assays for the MTHFR C677T and A1298C polymorphisms. Results There were no significant differences in genotype and haplotype distributions observed between groups. A significant association was observed between the C677T polymorphism and history of cerebrovascular accident (CVA) (p = 0.0330), history of nephropathy (p = 0.0280) and levels of LDL cholesterol (p = 0.0409). Also, the A1298C polymorphism was associated with hypertriglyceridemia (p = 0.0305) in T2DM patients. Conclusion These findings demonstrate that the MTHFR gene polymorphisms are not related to T2DM in the Emirati population. However, these polymorphisms can be used as risk markers for CVA, nephropathy, high LDL cholesterol and triglycerides in T2DM patients and allow timely treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Herbert F Jelinek
- School of Community Health and Centre for Research in Complex Systems, Charles Sturt University, Albury, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wael A Al Mahmeed
- Institute of Cardiac Science, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Guan K Tay
- Centre for Forensic Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Unini O Odama
- Landmark Nephrology and Hypertension Clinic, Talladega, AL, USA
| | - Gehad E B Elghazali
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Habiba S Al Safar
- Khalifa University Center of Biotechnology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science, Technology & Research, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Chandalia HB. International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-012-0110-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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