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Bai X, Yu J, Xiao J, Wang Y, Li Z, Wang H. Antibacterial intraosseous implant surface coating that responds to changes in the bacterial microenvironment. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 10:1016001. [PMID: 36698645 PMCID: PMC9868547 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1016001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone implant-associated infection is one of the most challenging problems encountered by orthopedic surgeons. There is considerable interest in the development of drug-loaded antibacterial coatings for the surfaces of metal implants. However, it is difficult to achieve the stable local release of an effective drug dose for many antibacterial coatings. In the present study, analyses of the thickness and water contact angle of multiple layers confirmed the successful assembly of multilamellar membrane structures. Measurement of the zone of bacterial inhibition indicated gradual degradation of the (montmorillonite [MMT]/hyaluronic acid [HA])10 multilamellar film structure with concentration-dependent degradation during incubation with hyaluronidase solution and Staphylococcus aureus. In vivo results resembled the in vitro results. Overall, the findings confirm that the (MMT/HA-rifampicin)10 multilamellar film structure exhibits good antibacterial properties and excellent biocompatibility. Further studies of the clinical potential of the antibacterial coating prepared in this experiment are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Bai
- Jiande First People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiawei Yu
- Zhuji Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Jiande First People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- Jiande First People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Jiande First People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China,*Correspondence: Hao Wang,
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Buratti E, Sanzari I, Dinelli F, Prodromakis T, Bertoldo M. Formation and Stability of Smooth Thin Films with Soft Microgels Made of Poly( N-Isopropylacrylamide) and Poly(Acrylic Acid). Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2638. [PMID: 33182647 PMCID: PMC7697199 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, soft microgels of Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) at two different sizes and of interpenetrated polymer network (IPN) composed of PNIPAm and Poly(Acrylic Acid) (PAAc) were synthesized. Then, solutions of these different types of microgels have been spin-coated on glass substrates with different degrees of hydrophobicity. PNIPAm particles with a larger diameter form either patches or a continuous layer, where individual particles are still distinct, depending on the dispersion concentration and spin speed. On the other, PNIPAm particles with a smaller diameter and IPN particles form a continuous and smooth film, with a thickness depending on the dispersion concentration and spin-speed. The difference in morphology observed can be explained if one considers that the microgels may behave as colloidal particles or macromolecules, depending on their size and composition. Additionally, the microgel size and composition can also affect the stability of the depositions when rinsed in water. In particular, we find that the smooth and continuous films show a stimuli-dependent stability on parameters such as temperature and pH, while large particle layers are stable under any condition except on hydrophilic glass by washing at 50 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Buratti
- Istituto per i Processi Chimico Fisici del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IPCF-CNR), sede di Pisa, via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
- Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISC-CNR), sede Sapienza, Pz.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Ilaria Sanzari
- Zepler Institute for Photonics and Nanoelectronics, Highfield Campus, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; (I.S.); (T.P.)
| | - Franco Dinelli
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (INO-CNR), via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Themistoklis Prodromakis
- Zepler Institute for Photonics and Nanoelectronics, Highfield Campus, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; (I.S.); (T.P.)
| | - Monica Bertoldo
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattivitá del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISOF-CNR), via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, via L. Borsari, 45121 Ferrara, Italy
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Yang L, Fan X, Zhang J, Ju J. Preparation and Characterization of Thermoresponsive Poly( N-Isopropylacrylamide) for Cell Culture Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12020389. [PMID: 32050412 PMCID: PMC7077488 DOI: 10.3390/polym12020389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) is a typical thermoresponsive polymer used widely and studied deeply in smart materials, which is attractive and valuable owing to its reversible and remote "on-off" behavior adjusted by temperature variation. PNIPAAm usually exhibits opposite solubility or wettability across lower critical solution temperature (LCST), and it is readily functionalized making it available in extensive applications. Cell culture is one of the most prospective and representative applications. Active attachment and spontaneous detachment of targeted cells are easily tunable by surface wettability changes and volume phase transitions of PNIPAAm modified substrates with respect to ambient temperature. The thermoresponsive culture platforms and matching thermal-liftoff method can effectively substitute for the traditional cell harvesting ways like enzymatic hydrolysis and mechanical scraping, and will improve the stable and high quality of recovered cells. Therefore, the establishment and detection on PNIPAAm based culture systems are of particular importance. This review covers the important developments and recommendations for future work of the preparation and characterization of temperature-responsive substrates based on PNIPAAm and analogues for cell culture applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environmental Engineering, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun 113001, China; (J.Z.); (J.J.)
- Correspondence: (L.Y.); (X.F.); Tel.: +86-024-5686-1705 (L.Y.); +86-024-8848-7119 (X.F.)
| | - Xiaoguang Fan
- College of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Correspondence: (L.Y.); (X.F.); Tel.: +86-024-5686-1705 (L.Y.); +86-024-8848-7119 (X.F.)
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environmental Engineering, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun 113001, China; (J.Z.); (J.J.)
| | - Jia Ju
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environmental Engineering, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun 113001, China; (J.Z.); (J.J.)
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Xia Y, Wu H, Tang D, Gao S, Chen B, Zeng Z, Wang S, Cao M, Li D. Graphene Oxide Nanosheet-Composited Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Hydrogel for Cell Sheet Recovery. Macromol Res 2019; 27:679-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-019-7099-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Hamcerencu M, Desbrieres J, Popa M, Riess G. Thermo-sensitive gellan maleate/N-isopropylacrylamide hydrogels: initial “in vitro” and “in vivo” evaluation as ocular inserts. Polym Bull (Berl) 2020; 77:741-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-019-02772-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Nguyen PAH, Stapleton L, Ledesma-Mendoza A, Cuylear DL, Cooperstein MA, Canavan HE. Exploring the anomalous cytotoxicity of commercially-available poly( N-isopropyl acrylamide) substrates. Biointerphases 2018; 13:06D406. [PMID: 30231617 DOI: 10.1116/1.5045142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (pNIPAM) is a stimulus-responsive polymer that has been of great interest to the bioengineering community. When the temperature is lowered below its lower critical solution temperature (∼32 °C), pNIPAM rapidly hydrates, and adherent cells detach as intact cell sheets. This cell-releasing behavior in a physiologically relevant temperature range has led to NIPAM's use for engineered tissues and other devices. In a previous study, however, the authors found that although most techniques used to polymerize NIPAM yield biocompatible films, some formulations from commercially-available NIPAM (cpNIPAM) can be cytotoxic. In this work, the authors investigate the reasons underlying this anomaly. The authors evaluated the response of a variety of cell types (e.g., bovine aortic endothelial cells, BAECs; monkey kidney epithelial cells, Vero cells; and mouse embryonic fibroblasts, 3T3s) after culture on substrates spin-coated with sol-gel (spNIPAM) and commercially-prepared (cpNIPAM). The relative biocompatibility of each cell type was evaluated using observations of its cell morphology and function (e.g., XTT and Live/Dead assays) after 48 and 96 h in culture. In addition, the substrates themselves were analyzed using NMR, goniometry, and XPS. The authors find that all the cell types were compromised by 96 h in culture with cpNIPAM, although the manner in which the cells are compromised differs; in particular, while Vero and 3T3 cells appear to be undergoing cytotoxic death, BAECs undergo apoptic death. The authors believe that this result is due to a combination of factors, including the presence of short chain oligomers of NIPAM in the commercially-available preparation. This work will provide valuable insights into the cytotoxicity of commercially-prepared polymer substrates for this type of bioengineering work and therefore into the applicability of cells grown on such surfaces for human subjects.
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Li J, Fan X, Yang L, Wang F, Zhang J, Wang Z. A review on thermoresponsive cell culture systems based on poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and derivatives. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2017.1327436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Li
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoguang Fan
- College of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Yang
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhanyong Wang
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun, People’s Republic of China
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Cicotte KN, Reed JA, Nguyen PAH, De Lora JA, Hedberg-Dirk EL, Canavan HE. Optimization of electrospun poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) mats for the rapid reversible adhesion of mammalian cells. Biointerphases 2017; 12:02C417. [PMID: 28610429 PMCID: PMC5469682 DOI: 10.1116/1.4984933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (pNIPAM) is a "smart" polymer that responds to changes in altering temperature near physiologically relevant temperatures, changing its relative hydrophobicity. Mammalian cells attach to pNIPAM at 37 °C and detach spontaneously as a confluent sheet when the temperature is shifted below the lower critical solution temperature (∼32 °C). A variety of methods have been used to create pNIPAM films, including plasma polymerization, self-assembled monolayers, and electron beam ionization. However, detachment of confluent cell sheets from these pNIPAM films can take well over an hour to achieve potentially impacting cellular behavior. In this work, pNIPAM mats were prepared via electrospinning (i.e., espNIPAM) by a previously described technique that the authors optimized for cell attachment and rapid cell detachment. Several electrospinning parameters were varied (needle gauge, collection time, and molecular weight of the polymer) to determine the optimum parameters. The espNIPAM mats were then characterized using Fourier-transform infrared, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The espNIPAM mats showing the most promise were seeded with mammalian cells from standard cell lines (MC3T3-E1) as well as cancerous tumor (EMT6) cells. Once confluent, the temperature of the cells and mats was changed to ∼25 °C, resulting in the extremely rapid swelling of the mats. The authors find that espNIPAM mats fabricated using small, dense fibers made of high molecular weight pNIPAM are extremely well-suited as a rapid release method for cell sheet harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten N Cicotte
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131; and Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
| | - Jamie A Reed
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131; and Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
| | - Phuong Anh H Nguyen
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131 and Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
| | - Jacqueline A De Lora
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center and Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
| | - Elizabeth L Hedberg-Dirk
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131; and Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
| | - Heather E Canavan
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131; and Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
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