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Averbeck D. Low-Dose Non-Targeted Effects and Mitochondrial Control. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11460. [PMID: 37511215 PMCID: PMC10380638 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-targeted effects (NTE) have been generally regarded as a low-dose ionizing radiation (IR) phenomenon. Recently, regarding long distant abscopal effects have also been observed at high doses of IR) relevant to antitumor radiation therapy. IR is inducing NTE involving intracellular and extracellular signaling, which may lead to short-ranging bystander effects and distant long-ranging extracellular signaling abscopal effects. Internal and "spontaneous" cellular stress is mostly due to metabolic oxidative stress involving mitochondrial energy production (ATP) through oxidative phosphorylation and/or anaerobic pathways accompanied by the leakage of O2- and other radicals from mitochondria during normal or increased cellular energy requirements or to mitochondrial dysfunction. Among external stressors, ionizing radiation (IR) has been shown to very rapidly perturb mitochondrial functions, leading to increased energy supply demands and to ROS/NOS production. Depending on the dose, this affects all types of cell constituents, including DNA, RNA, amino acids, proteins, and membranes, perturbing normal inner cell organization and function, and forcing cells to reorganize the intracellular metabolism and the network of organelles. The reorganization implies intracellular cytoplasmic-nuclear shuttling of important proteins, activation of autophagy, and mitophagy, as well as induction of cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, apoptosis, and senescence. It also includes reprogramming of mitochondrial metabolism as well as genetic and epigenetic control of the expression of genes and proteins in order to ensure cell and tissue survival. At low doses of IR, directly irradiated cells may already exert non-targeted effects (NTE) involving the release of molecular mediators, such as radicals, cytokines, DNA fragments, small RNAs, and proteins (sometimes in the form of extracellular vehicles or exosomes), which can induce damage of unirradiated neighboring bystander or distant (abscopal) cells as well as immune responses. Such non-targeted effects (NTE) are contributing to low-dose phenomena, such as hormesis, adaptive responses, low-dose hypersensitivity, and genomic instability, and they are also promoting suppression and/or activation of immune cells. All of these are parts of the main defense systems of cells and tissues, including IR-induced innate and adaptive immune responses. The present review is focused on the prominent role of mitochondria in these processes, which are determinants of cell survival and anti-tumor RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietrich Averbeck
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology, PRISME, UMR CNRS 5822/IN2P3, IP2I, Lyon-Sud Medical School, University Lyon 1, 69921 Oullins, France
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Mathur A, Chinnadurai V, Bhalla PJS, Chandna S. Induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in thyroid follicular cells is associated with cell adhesion alterations and low-dose hyper-radiosensitivity. Tumour Biol 2023; 45:95-110. [PMID: 37742670 DOI: 10.3233/tub-220027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is associated with altered cellular adhesion. We previously demonstrated that cellular adhesion influences Low-dose Hyper-Radiosensitivity (HRS) in a variety of tumor cells. However, the relationship of low-dose HRS with the phenotypic plasticity incurred by EMT during the neoplastic transformation remains to be elucidated. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether acquisition of EMT phenotype during progressive neoplastic transformation may affect low-dose radiation sensitivity. METHODS Primary thyroid cells obtained from a human cystic thyroid nodule were first subjected to nutritional stress. This yielded immortalized INM-Thy1 cell strain, which was further treated with either multiple γ-radiation fractions (1.5 Gy each) or repetitive cycles of 3-methylcholanthrene and phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate, yielding two progressive transformants, viz., INM-Thy1R and INM-Thy1C. Morphological alterations, chromosomal double-minutes, cell adhesion proteins, anchorage dependency, tumorigenicity in nude mice and cellular radiosensitivity were studied in these strains. RESULTS Both transformants (INM-Thy1R, INM-Thy1C) displayed progressive tumorigenic features, viz., soft agar colony growth and solid tumor growth in nude mice, coupled with features of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and activated Wnt pathway. Incidentally, the chemical-induced transformant (INM-Thy1C) displayed a prominent HRS (αs/αr = 29.35) which remained unaffected at high cell density. However, the parental (INM-Thy1) cell line as well as radiation-induced transformant (INM-Thy1R) failed to show this hypersensitivity. CONCLUSION The study shows that induction of EMT in thyroid follicular cells may accompany increased susceptibility to low-dose ionizing radiation, which was attenuated by adaptive resistance acquired during radiation-induced transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Mathur
- Division of Radiation Biosciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig. S.K. Mazumdar Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Vijayakumar Chinnadurai
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig. S.K. Mazumdar Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Param Jit Singh Bhalla
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig. S.K. Mazumdar Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Sudhir Chandna
- Division of Radiation Biosciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig. S.K. Mazumdar Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India
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p73 - NAV3 axis plays a critical role in suppression of colon cancer metastasis. Oncogenesis 2020; 9:12. [PMID: 32029709 PMCID: PMC7005187 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-020-0193-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
p73 is a member of the p53 tumor suppressor family, which transactivates p53-responsive genes and mediates DNA damage response. Recent evidences suggest that p73 exerts its tumor suppressor functions by suppressing metastasis, but the exact mechanism remains unknown. Here, we identify Navigator-3 (NAV3), a microtubule-binding protein, as a novel transcriptional target of p73, which gets upregulated by DNA damage in a p73-dependent manner and plays a vital role in p73-mediated inhibition of cancer cell invasion, migration, and metastasis. Induction of p73 in response to DNA damage leads to rapid increase in endogenous NAV3 mRNA and protein levels. Through bioinformatic analysis, we identified two p73-binding sites in NAV3 promoter. Consistent with this, p73 binding to NAV3 promoter was confirmed through luciferase, Chromatin Immunoprecipitation, and site-directed mutagenesis assays. Abrogation of NAV3 and p73 expression significantly increased the invasion and migration rate of colorectal cancer cells as confirmed by wound-healing, cell invasion, and cell migration assays. Also, knockdown of NAV3 decreased the expression of E-cadherin and increased the expression of other prominent mesenchymal markers such as N-cadherin, Snail, Vimentin, and Fibronectin. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed the downregulation of both NAV3 and p73 expression in metastatic colon cancer tissues as compared to non-metastatic cancer tissues. Additionally, the expression pattern of NAV3 and p73 showed extensively significant correlation in both non-metastatic and metastatic human colon cancer tissue samples. Taken together, our study provide conclusive evidence that Navigator-3 is a direct transcriptional target of p73 and plays crucial role in response to genotoxic stress in p73-mediated inhibition of cancer cell invasion, migration, and metastasis.
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Gao X, Chen H, Huang X, Li H, Liu Z, Bo X. ARQ-197 enhances the antitumor effect of sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma cells via decelerating its intracellular clearance. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:1629-1640. [PMID: 30881018 PMCID: PMC6396672 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s196713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the heaviest malignant burdens in China. Molecular targeting agent, sorafenib, is the main therapeutic option for antitumor therapy of advanced HCC, but it is currently too expensive for the public and its therapeutic effect does not satisfy initial expectation. Therefore, it is important to develop more effective molecular targeted therapeutic strategies for advanced HCC. Materials and methods The antitumor effects of sorafenib or ARQ-197, an antagonist of c-MET (tyrosine-protein kinase Met or hepatocyte growth factor receptor), were examined by MTT or in murine tumor model. The effect of ARQ-197 on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) or multidrug resistance (MDR) was examined by quantitative real-time PCR for the expression of related genes. The clearance of sorafenib in HCC cells was detected by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry. Results ARQ-197 treatment enhanced the sensitivity of HCC cells to sorafenib. Mechanistic studies indicated that ARQ-197 inhibited the expression of EMT- and MDR-related genes. Moreover, ARQ-197 treatment decelerated the clearance of sorafenib in cultured HCC cells and subcutaneous HCC tumors in nude mice. Conclusion In the present work, our data suggested that ARQ-197 decelerated the clearance of sorafenib in HCC cells and enhanced the antitumor effect of sorafenib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Gao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, People's Republic of China, .,The 5th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, People's Republic of China
| | - Hebing Chen
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, People's Republic of China,
| | - Xin Huang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, People's Republic of China,
| | - Hao Li
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, People's Republic of China,
| | - Zhen Liu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, People's Republic of China,
| | - Xiaochen Bo
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, People's Republic of China,
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Liu R, Yao X, Liu X, Ding J. Proliferation of Cells with Severe Nuclear Deformation on a Micropillar Array. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:284-299. [PMID: 30513205 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cellular responses on a topographic surface are fundamental topics about interfaces and biology. Herein, a poly(lactide- co-glycolide) (PLGA) micropillar array was prepared and found to trigger significant self-deformation of cell nuclei. The time-dependent cell viability and thus cell proliferation was investigated. Despite significant nuclear deformation, all of the examined cell types (Hela, HepG2, MC3T3-E1, and NIH3T3) could survive and proliferate on the micropillar array yet exhibited different proliferation abilities. Compared to the corresponding groups on the smooth surface, the cell proliferation abilities on the micropillar array were decreased for Hela and MC3T3-E1 cells and did not change significantly for HepG2 and NIH3T3 cells. We also found that whether the proliferation ability changed was related to whether the nuclear sizes decreased in the micropillar array, and thus the size deformation of cell nuclei should, besides shape deformation, be taken into consideration in studies of cells on topological surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruili Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science , Fudan University , Shanghai 200438 , China
| | - Xiang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science , Fudan University , Shanghai 200438 , China
| | - Xiangnan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science , Fudan University , Shanghai 200438 , China
| | - Jiandong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science , Fudan University , Shanghai 200438 , China
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Sukhanov S, Higashi Y, Shai SY, Snarski P, Danchuk S, D'Ambra V, Tabony M, Woods TC, Hou X, Li Z, Ozoe A, Chandrasekar B, Takahashi SI, Delafontaine P. SM22α (Smooth Muscle Protein 22-α) Promoter-Driven IGF1R (Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Receptor) Deficiency Promotes Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:2306-2317. [PMID: 30354209 PMCID: PMC6287936 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective- IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor 1) is a major autocrine/paracrine growth factor, which promotes cell proliferation, migration, and survival. We have shown previously that IGF-1 reduced atherosclerosis and promoted features of stable atherosclerotic plaque in Apoe-/- mice-an animal model of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to assess effects of smooth muscle cell (SMC) IGF-1 signaling on the atherosclerotic plaque. Approach and Results- We generated Apoe-/- mice with IGF1R (IGF-1 receptor) deficiency in SMC and fibroblasts (SM22α [smooth muscle protein 22 α]-CreKI/IGF1R-flox mice). IGF1R was decreased in the aorta and adventitia of SM22α-CreKI/IGF1R-flox mice and also in aortic SMC, embryonic, skin, and lung fibroblasts isolated from SM22α-CreKI/IGF1R-flox mice. IGF1R deficiency downregulated collagen mRNA-binding protein LARP6 (La ribonucleoprotein domain family, member 6) and vascular collagen, and mice exhibited growth retardation. The high-fat diet-fed SM22α-CreKI/IGF1R-flox mice had increased atherosclerotic burden and inflammatory responses. α-SMA (α-smooth muscle actin)-positive plaque cells had reduced proliferation and elevated apoptosis. SMC/fibroblast-targeted decline in IGF-1 signaling decreased atherosclerotic plaque SMC, markedly depleted collagen, reduced plaque fibrous cap, and increased plaque necrotic cores. Aortic SMC isolated from SM22α-CreKI/IGF1R-flox mice had decreased cell proliferation, migration, increased sensitivity to apoptosis, and these effects were associated with disruption of IGF-1-induced Akt signaling. Conclusions- IGF-1 signaling in SMC and in fibroblast is a critical determinant of normal vascular wall development and atheroprotection.
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MESH Headings
- Actins/metabolism
- Animals
- Aorta/metabolism
- Aorta/pathology
- Aortic Diseases/genetics
- Aortic Diseases/metabolism
- Aortic Diseases/pathology
- Apoptosis
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Autoantigens/metabolism
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Collagen/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Fibrosis
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout, ApoE
- Microfilament Proteins/genetics
- Muscle Proteins/genetics
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/deficiency
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/genetics
- Ribonucleoproteins/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- SS-B Antigen
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergiy Sukhanov
- From the University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine (S.S., Y.H., P.S., S.D., X.H., Z.L., B.C., P.D.)
| | - Yusuke Higashi
- From the University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine (S.S., Y.H., P.S., S.D., X.H., Z.L., B.C., P.D.)
| | - Shaw-Yung Shai
- Heart and Vascular Institute (S.-Y.S., V.D., M.T.), Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Patricia Snarski
- From the University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine (S.S., Y.H., P.S., S.D., X.H., Z.L., B.C., P.D.)
| | - Svitlana Danchuk
- From the University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine (S.S., Y.H., P.S., S.D., X.H., Z.L., B.C., P.D.)
| | - Veronica D'Ambra
- Heart and Vascular Institute (S.-Y.S., V.D., M.T.), Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Michael Tabony
- Heart and Vascular Institute (S.-Y.S., V.D., M.T.), Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - T Cooper Woods
- Department of Physiology (T.C.W.), Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Xuwei Hou
- From the University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine (S.S., Y.H., P.S., S.D., X.H., Z.L., B.C., P.D.)
| | - Zhaohui Li
- From the University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine (S.S., Y.H., P.S., S.D., X.H., Z.L., B.C., P.D.)
| | - Atsufumi Ozoe
- Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan (A.O., S.-I.T.)
| | - Bysani Chandrasekar
- From the University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine (S.S., Y.H., P.S., S.D., X.H., Z.L., B.C., P.D.)
- Harry Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO (B.C.)
| | - Shin-Ichiro Takahashi
- Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan (A.O., S.-I.T.)
| | - Patrice Delafontaine
- From the University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine (S.S., Y.H., P.S., S.D., X.H., Z.L., B.C., P.D.)
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