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Bernhard W, Raith M, Shunova A, Lorenz S, Böckmann K, Minarski M, Poets CF, Franz AR. Choline Kinetics in Neonatal Liver, Brain and Lung-Lessons from a Rodent Model for Neonatal Care. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030720. [PMID: 35277079 PMCID: PMC8837973 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Choline requirements are high in the rapidly growing fetus and preterm infant, mainly serving phosphatidylcholine (PC) synthesis for parenchymal growth and one-carbon metabolism via betaine. However, choline metabolism in critical organs during rapid growth is poorly understood. Therefore, we investigated the kinetics of D9-choline and its metabolites in the liver, plasma, brain and lung in 14 d old rats. Animals were intraperitoneally injected with 50 mg/kg D9-choline chloride and sacrificed after 1.5 h, 6 h and 24 h. Liver, plasma, lungs, cerebrum and cerebellum were analyzed for D9-choline metabolites, using tandem mass spectrometry. In target organs, D9-PC and D9-betaine comprised 15.1 ± 1.3% and 9.9 ± 1.2% of applied D9-choline at 1.5 h. D9-PC peaked at 1.5 h in all organs, and decreased from 1.5-6 h in the liver and lung, but not in the brain. Whereas D9-labeled PC precursors were virtually absent beyond 6 h, D9-PC increased in the brain and lung from 6 h to 24 h (9- and 2.5-fold, respectively) at the expense of the liver, suggesting PC uptake from the liver via plasma rather than local synthesis. Kinetics of D9-PC sub-groups suggested preferential hepatic secretion of linoleoyl-PC and acyl remodeling in target organs. D9-betaine showed rapid turnover and served low-level endogenous (D3-)choline synthesis. In conclusion, in neonatal rats, exogenous choline is rapidly metabolized to PC by all organs. The liver supplies the brain and lung directly with PC, followed by organotypic acyl remodeling. A major fraction of choline is converted to betaine, feeding the one-carbon pool and this must be taken into account when calculating choline requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Bernhard
- Department of Neonatology, University Children’s Hospital, Tübingen University Hospital, 72076 Tübingen, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany; (A.S.); (S.L.); (K.B.); (M.M.); (C.F.P.); (A.R.F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Marco Raith
- Max-Planck-Institut für Psychiatrie, 80804 Munich, Bavaria, Germany;
| | - Anna Shunova
- Department of Neonatology, University Children’s Hospital, Tübingen University Hospital, 72076 Tübingen, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany; (A.S.); (S.L.); (K.B.); (M.M.); (C.F.P.); (A.R.F.)
| | - Stephan Lorenz
- Department of Neonatology, University Children’s Hospital, Tübingen University Hospital, 72076 Tübingen, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany; (A.S.); (S.L.); (K.B.); (M.M.); (C.F.P.); (A.R.F.)
| | - Katrin Böckmann
- Department of Neonatology, University Children’s Hospital, Tübingen University Hospital, 72076 Tübingen, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany; (A.S.); (S.L.); (K.B.); (M.M.); (C.F.P.); (A.R.F.)
| | - Michaela Minarski
- Department of Neonatology, University Children’s Hospital, Tübingen University Hospital, 72076 Tübingen, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany; (A.S.); (S.L.); (K.B.); (M.M.); (C.F.P.); (A.R.F.)
| | - Christian F. Poets
- Department of Neonatology, University Children’s Hospital, Tübingen University Hospital, 72076 Tübingen, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany; (A.S.); (S.L.); (K.B.); (M.M.); (C.F.P.); (A.R.F.)
| | - Axel R. Franz
- Department of Neonatology, University Children’s Hospital, Tübingen University Hospital, 72076 Tübingen, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany; (A.S.); (S.L.); (K.B.); (M.M.); (C.F.P.); (A.R.F.)
- Center for Pediatric Clinical Studies, University Children’s Hospital, Tübingen University Hospital, 72076 Tübingen, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
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Ma DWL, Arendt BM, Hillyer LM, Fung SK, McGilvray I, Guindi M, Allard JP. Plasma phospholipids and fatty acid composition differ between liver biopsy-proven nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and healthy subjects. Nutr Diabetes 2016; 6:e220. [PMID: 27428872 PMCID: PMC4973140 DOI: 10.1038/nutd.2016.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: There is growing evidence that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with perturbations in liver lipid metabolism. Liver phospholipid and fatty acid composition have been shown to be altered in NAFLD. However, detailed profiles of circulating lipids in the pathogenesis of NAFLD are lacking. Objective: Therefore, the objective of the present study was to examine circulating lipids and potential mechanisms related to hepatic gene expression between liver biopsy-proven simple steatosis (SS), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and healthy subjects. Subjects: Plasma phospholipid and fatty acid composition were determined in 31 healthy living liver donors as healthy controls (HC), 26 patients with simple hepatic steatosis (SS) and 20 with progressive NASH. Hepatic gene expression was analyzed by Illumina microarray in a subset of 22 HC, 16 SS and 14 NASH. Results: Concentrations of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) increased relative to disease progression, HC<SS<NASH (170<210<250 μg ml−1), and was significantly different (P<0.05) between HC and NASH. Circulating phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylinositol were higher in SS and NASH compared with HC (P<0.05), but there was no difference between SS and NASH. Fatty acid composition of phospholipids was also remodeled. In particular, docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acid were higher (P<0.05) in SS and NASH relative to HC in PS. Differentially expressed hepatic genes included ETNK1 and PLSCR1 that are involved in PE synthesis and PS transport, respectively. Conclusions: The present study demonstrates that there is a disruption in phospholipid metabolism that is present in SS, but more pronounced in NASH. Intervention studies targeted at lipid metabolism could benefit SS and NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W L Ma
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - B M Arendt
- Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - L M Hillyer
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - S K Fung
- Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - I McGilvray
- Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Guindi
- Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J P Allard
- Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Kirman C, Hughes B, Becker R, Hays S. Derivation of a No-significant-risk-level (NSRL) for dermal exposures to diethanolamine. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 76:137-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Li J, Liu Z, Guo M, Xu K, Jiang M, Lu A, Gao X. Metabolomics profiling to investigate the pharmacologic mechanisms of berberine for the treatment of high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2015; 2015:897914. [PMID: 25977701 DOI: 10.1155/2015/897914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective. Berberine has been used to treat nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which has been addressed in many studies. In this study, we investigated the molecular pharmacology mechanisms of berberine using metabolomic techniques. Methods. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups (10 rats in each group): (i) normal control group; (ii) high-fat diet- (HFD-) induced NASH model group; and (iii) HFD berberine-treated group (i.d. 200 mg/kg). The handling procedure lasted eight weeks. Then, UPLC-Q-TOF/MS techniques coupled with histopathology and biochemical analyses were adopted to explore the mechanisms of berberine on the protective effects against NASH. Key Findings. (i) According to conventional test results, berberine treatment plays a fighting role in HFD-induced NASH due to its beneficial effects against insulin resistance, inflammation, and lipid metabolism. (ii) Based on UPLC-Q-TOF/MS techniques, metabolic profiles that involved sphingomyelin (SM), phosphatidylcholine (PC), lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC), 13-hydroperoxy-9, 11-octadecadienoic acid (13-HpODE), eicosatrienoic acid, docosatrienoic acid, and eicosenoic acid could provide potential metabolic biomarkers to address the pharmacological mechanisms of berberine. Conclusions. The parts of molecular pharmacological mechanisms of berberine for NASH treatment are related to the regulation of metabolic disruption involving phospholipid and unsaturated fatty acids in rats with NASH.
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Zheng H, Yde CC, Arnberg K, Mølgaard C, Michaelsen KF, Larnkjær A, Bertram HC. NMR-based metabolomic profiling of overweight adolescents: an elucidation of the effects of inter-/intraindividual differences, gender, and pubertal development. Biomed Res Int 2014; 2014:537157. [PMID: 24800239 DOI: 10.1155/2014/537157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The plasma and urine metabolome of 192 overweight 12–15-year-old adolescents (BMI of 25.4 ± 2.3 kg/m2) were examined in order to elucidate gender, pubertal development measured as Tanner stage, physical activity measured as number of steps taken daily, and intra-/interindividual differences affecting the metabolome detected by proton NMR spectroscopy. Higher urinary excretion of citrate, creatinine, hippurate, and phenylacetylglutamine and higher plasma level of phosphatidylcholine and unsaturated lipid were found for girls compared with boys. The results suggest that gender differences in the metabolome are being commenced already in childhood. The relationship between Tanner stage and the metabolome showed that pubertal development stage was positively related to urinary creatinine excretion and negatively related to urinary citrate content. No relations between physical activity and the metabolome could be identified. The present study for the first time provides comprehensive information about associations between the metabolome and gender, pubertal development, and physical activity in overweight adolescents, which is an important subject group to approach in the prevention of obesity and life-style related diseases. While this study is preliminary, these results may have the potential to translate into clinical applicability upon further investigations; if biomarkers for Tanner stage can be established, these might be used for identification of individuals susceptible to an early pubertal development.
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Eisinger K, Liebisch G, Schmitz G, Aslanidis C, Krautbauer S, Buechler C. Lipidomic analysis of serum from high fat diet induced obese mice. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:2991-3002. [PMID: 24562328 PMCID: PMC3958895 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15022991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolites regulate fatty acid and glucose homeostasis. The intention of the current study is to identify circulating lipid species, which are altered in rodent obesity and strongly correlate with the classically measured metabolites glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol. Mice fed a high fat diet (HFD) for 14 weeks have increased body weight and fasting glucose. Serum triglycerides are not altered, while cholesterol tends to be increased. Accordingly, major cholesteryl ester (CE) species and free cholesterol are not significantly raised in obesity while minor metabolites, including CE 20:3 and CE 18:3, are increased or reduced, respectively. Distinct sphingomyelin (SM) species are elevated while ceramides are not raised. Phosphatidylinositol (PI) species, including PI 34:1, are raised while others are decreased. PI 34:1 strongly correlates with fasting glucose and proinsulin levels. Phosphatidylcholine (PC) 26:0, 40:2, and 40:5, which are induced in obesity, correlate with cholesterol. PC 38:4 and PC 40:6 are also raised in fat fed mice and positively correlate with fasting glucose. Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) species are also changed in obesity and the already shown reduction of LPC 16:1 has been confirmed. LPC 22:4, which is increased, correlates with serum cholesterol. The data indicate that circulating levels of various lipid species are changed in the obesity model studied and some of them are strongly associated with classically measured metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Eisinger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, 93042 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Regensburg University Hospital, 93042 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Gerd Schmitz
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Regensburg University Hospital, 93042 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Charalampos Aslanidis
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Regensburg University Hospital, 93042 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Sabrina Krautbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, 93042 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Christa Buechler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, 93042 Regensburg, Germany.
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Wallace M, Morris C, O'Grada CM, Ryan M, Dillon ET, Coleman E, Gibney ER, Gibney MJ, Roche HM, Brennan L. Relationship between the lipidome, inflammatory markers and insulin resistance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 10:1586-95. [DOI: 10.1039/c3mb70529c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of the present study were to (1) examine the effects of the phenotypic factors age, gender and BMI on the lipidomic profile and (2) investigate the relationship between the lipidome, inflammatory markers and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Wallace
- UCD Institute of Food and Health
- University College Dublin
- Belfield, Ireland
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research
- University College Dublin
| | - Ciara Morris
- UCD Institute of Food and Health
- University College Dublin
- Belfield, Ireland
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research
- University College Dublin
| | - Colm M. O'Grada
- UCD Institute of Food and Health
- University College Dublin
- Belfield, Ireland
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research
- University College Dublin
| | - Miriam Ryan
- UCD Institute of Food and Health
- University College Dublin
- Belfield, Ireland
| | - Eugene T. Dillon
- UCD Institute of Food and Health
- University College Dublin
- Belfield, Ireland
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research
- University College Dublin
| | - Eilish Coleman
- UCD Institute of Food and Health
- University College Dublin
- Belfield, Ireland
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research
- University College Dublin
| | - Eileen R. Gibney
- UCD Institute of Food and Health
- University College Dublin
- Belfield, Ireland
| | - Michael J. Gibney
- UCD Institute of Food and Health
- University College Dublin
- Belfield, Ireland
| | - Helen M. Roche
- UCD Institute of Food and Health
- University College Dublin
- Belfield, Ireland
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research
- University College Dublin
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- UCD Institute of Food and Health
- University College Dublin
- Belfield, Ireland
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research
- University College Dublin
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Smirnov AN. Hormonal mechanisms of sex differentiation of the liver: the modern conception and problems. Russ J Dev Biol 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360409050026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Bertram HC, Duus JØ, Petersen BO, Hoppe C, Larnkjaer A, Schack-Nielsen L, Mølgaard C, Michaelsen KF. Nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabonomics reveals strong sex effect on plasma metabolism in 17-year-old Scandinavians and correlation to retrospective infant plasma parameters. Metabolism 2009; 58:1039-45. [PMID: 19411084 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2009.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2009] [Revised: 03/31/2009] [Accepted: 03/31/2009] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabonomics was carried out on plasma samples from a total of seventy-five 17-year-old Danes to investigate the impact of key parameters such as sex, height, weight, and body mass index on the plasma metabolite profile in a normal, healthy population. Principal component analysis identified sex to have a large impact on the NMR plasma metabolome, whereas no apparent effects of height, weight, and body mass index were found. Partial least square regression discriminant analysis and quantification of relative metabolite concentrations by integration of NMR signals revealed that the sex effect included differences in plasma lipoproteins (mainly high-density lipoprotein), glucose, choline, and amino acid content. Accordingly, the present study suggests a higher lipid synthesis in young women than young men and a higher protein turnover in young men compared with women. Data on plasma content of triglyceride, lipoprotein fractions, and cholesterol at an age of 9 months were available for selected individuals (n = 40); and partial least square regressions revealed correlations between these infant parameters and the NMR plasma metabolome at an age of 17 years. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates the feasibility of NMR-based metabonomics for obtaining a deeper insight into interindividual differences in metabolism and for exploring relationships between parameters measured early in life and metabolic status at a later stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Christine Bertram
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Research Center Arslev, University of Aarhus, Arslev, Denmark.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review summarizes the role of phosphatidylcholine metabolism in plasma lipoprotein homeostasis. RECENT FINDINGS While it was previously known that phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis was required for normal hepatic VLDL secretion, recent studies have shown that both phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic pathways (the cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine and the phosphatidylethanolamine methylation pathways) are required. In addition, a requirement of acyl-coenzyme A synthetase 3, but not acyl-coenzyme A synthetase 1 or 4, for phosphatidylcholine synthesis and VLDL secretion is now documented. ABCA1 has been implicated in the transfer of phosphatidylcholine to apolipoproteinA-1 both during and after secretion of apolipoproteinA-1. Other studies have introduced the concept of reverse phosphatidylcholine transport in which both HDL and LDL supply phosphatidylcholine to the liver. An unexpected finding is that half of the phosphatidylcholine delivered to liver from lipoproteins is converted into triacylglycerol. SUMMARY The liver is both a donor of phosphatidylcholine during the assembly and secretion of lipoproteins as well as a recipient of phosphatidylcholine from plasma lipoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis E Vance
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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Bibliography. Current world literature. Lipid metabolism. Curr Opin Lipidol 2008; 19:314-21. [PMID: 18460925 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0b013e328303e27e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Vance DE, Li Z, Jacobs RL. Hepatic phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase, unexpected roles in animal biochemistry and physiology. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:33237-41. [PMID: 17881348 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r700028200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis E Vance
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2S2, Canada.
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