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Guo A, Zhang S, Yang R, Sui C. Enhancing the mechanical strength of 3D printed GelMA for soft tissue engineering applications. Mater Today Bio 2024; 24:100939. [PMID: 38249436 PMCID: PMC10797197 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogels have gained significant traction in diverse tissue engineering applications through the utilization of 3D printing technology. As an artificial hydrogel possessing remarkable processability, GelMA has emerged as a pioneering material in the advancement of tissue engineering due to its exceptional biocompatibility and degradability. The integration of 3D printing technology facilitates the precise arrangement of cells and hydrogel materials, thereby enabling the creation of in vitro models that simulate artificial tissues suitable for transplantation. Consequently, the potential applications of GelMA in tissue engineering are further expanded. In tissue engineering applications, the mechanical properties of GelMA are often modified to overcome the hydrogel material's inherent mechanical strength limitations. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in enhancing the mechanical properties of GelMA at the monomer, micron, and nano scales. Additionally, the diverse applications of GelMA in soft tissue engineering via 3D printing are emphasized. Furthermore, the potential opportunities and obstacles that GelMA may encounter in the field of tissue engineering are discussed. It is our contention that through ongoing technological progress, GelMA hydrogels with enhanced mechanical strength can be successfully fabricated, leading to the production of superior biological scaffolds with increased efficacy for tissue engineering purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Guo
- Department of Trauma and Pediatric Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 231200, China
| | - Shengting Zhang
- Department of Trauma and Pediatric Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 231200, China
| | - Runhuai Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Cong Sui
- Department of Trauma and Pediatric Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 231200, China
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2
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Alheib O, da Silva LP, Kwon IK, Reis RL, Correlo VM. Preclinical research studies for treating severe muscular injuries: focus on tissue-engineered strategies. Trends Biotechnol 2022; 41:632-652. [PMID: 36266101 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2022.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Severe skeletal muscle injuries are a lifelong trauma with limited medical solutions. Significant progress has been made in developing in vitro surrogates for treating such trauma. However, more attention is needed when translating these approaches to the clinic. In this review, we survey the potential of tissue-engineered surrogates in promoting muscle healing, by critically analyzing data from recent preclinical models. The therapeutic advantages provided by a combination of different biomaterials, cell types, and biochemical mediators are discussed. Current therapies on muscle healing are also summarized, emphasizing their main advantages and drawbacks. We also discuss previous and ongoing clinical trials as well as highlighting future directions for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Alheib
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Lucília P da Silva
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Il Keun Kwon
- Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Vitor M Correlo
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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3
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Heidari Moghadam A, Bayati V, Orazizadeh M, Rashno M. Redesigning of 3-Dimensional Vascular-Muscle Structure Using ADSCs/HUVECs Co-Culture and VEGF on Engineered Skeletal Muscle ECM. Cell J 2022; 24:380-390. [PMID: 36043406 PMCID: PMC9428474 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2022.8098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The main objective of this study is to determine the myogenic effects of skeletal muscle extracellular matrix, vascular endothelial growth factor and human umbilical vein endothelial cells on adipose-derived stem cells to achieve a 3-dimensional engineered vascular-muscle structure. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present experimental research was designed based on two main groups, i.e. monoculture of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and co-culture of ADSCs and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in a ratio of 1:1. Skeletal muscle tissue was isolated, decellularized and its surface was electrospun using polycaprolactone/gelatin parallel nanofibers and then matrix topography was evaluated through H and E, trichrome staining and SEM. The expression of MyHC2 gene and tropomyosin protein were examined through real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunofluorescence, respectively. Finally, the morphology of mesenchymal and endothelial cells and their relationship with each other and with the engineered scaffold were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RESULTS According to H and E and Masson's Trichrome staining, muscle tissue was completely decellularized. SEM showed parallel Polycaprolactone (PCL)/gelatin nanofibers with an average diameter of about 300 nm. The immunofluorescence proved that tropomyosin was positive in the ADSCs monoculture and the ADSCs/HUVECs coculture in horse serum (HS) and HS/VEGF groups. There was a significant difference in the expression of the MyHC2 gene between the ADSCs and ADSCs/HUVECs culture groups (P<0.05) and between the 2D and 3D models in HS/ VEGF differentiation groups (P<001). Moreover, a significant increase existed between the HS/VEGF group and other groups in terms of endothelial cells growth and proliferation as well as their relationship with differentiated myoblasts (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Co-culture of ADSCs/HUVECs on the engineered cell-free muscle scaffold and the dual effects of VEGF can lead to formation of a favorable engineered vascular-muscular tissue. These engineered structures can be used as an acceptable tool for tissue implantation in muscle injuries and regeneration, especially in challenging injuries such as volumetric muscle loss, which also require vascular repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Heidari Moghadam
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical
Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran,Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Vahid Bayati
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical
Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran,Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran,P.O.Box: 45Cellular and Molecular Research CenterMedical Basic Sciences Research InstituteAhvaz Jundishapur
University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
| | - Mahmoud Orazizadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical
Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran,Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rashno
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical
Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Hakeem L, Al-Kindi M, AlMuraikhi N, BinHamdan S, Al-Zahrani A. Evaluation of the regenerative potential of decellularized skeletal muscle seeded with mesenchymal stromal cells in critical-sized bone defect of rat models. Saudi Dent J 2021; 33:248-55. [PMID: 34194187 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The morbidities and complications reported in the reconstruction of large bony defects have inspired progression in the field of bioengineering, with a recent breakthrough for the use of decellularized skeletal muscle grafts (DSMG). Aim To assess the osteogenic potentials of seeded DSMG in vitro and to investigate bone regeneration in critical size defect in vivo. Materials and Methods Assessment of cell viability and characterization was carried out on seeded DSMG for different intervals in vitro. For in vivo experiments, histological analysis was performed for rat cranial defects for the following groups: (A) non-treated DSMG and (B) seeded DSMG after a period of 8 weeks. Results The in vitro experiment demonstrated the lack of cytotoxicity and inert properties of seeded DSMG; these facilitated the osteogenic differentiation and significant gene expressions, particularly of COL1A1, RUNX2, and OPN (1.9174 ± 0.11673, 1.1806 ± 0.02383, and 1.1802 ± 0.00775, respectively). In the in vivo experiment, superior results were detected in the seeded DSMG group which showed highly vascularized and cellular dense connective tissue with deposited bone matrix and multiple scattered islets of newly formed bone. Conclusion Our results demonstrated the promising aspects of DSMG; however, there is a lack of studies to support further implications.
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Dienes J, Browne S, Farjun B, Amaral Passipieri J, Mintz EL, Killian G, Healy KE, Christ GJ. Semisynthetic Hyaluronic Acid-Based Hydrogel Promotes Recovery of the Injured Tibialis Anterior Skeletal Muscle Form and Function. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:1587-1599. [PMID: 33660968 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Volumetric muscle loss (VML) injuries are characterized by a degree of tissue loss that exceeds the endogenous regenerative capacity of muscle, resulting in permanent structural and functional deficits. Such injuries are a consequence of trauma, as well as a host of congenital and acquired diseases and disorders. Despite significant preclinical research with diverse biomaterials, as well as early clinical studies with implantation of decellularized extracellular matrices, there are still significant barriers to more complete restoration of muscle form and function following repair of VML injuries. In fact, identification of novel biomaterials with more advantageous regenerative profiles is a critical limitation to the development of improved therapeutics. As a first step in this direction, we evaluated a novel semisynthetic hyaluronic acid-based (HyA) hydrogel that embodies material features more favorable for robust muscle regeneration. This HyA-based hydrogel is composed of an acrylate-modified HyA (AcHyA) macromer, an AcHyA macromer conjugated with the bsp-RGD(15) peptide sequence to enhance cell adhesion, a high-molecular-weight heparin to sequester growth factors, and a matrix metalloproteinase-cleavable cross-linker to allow for cell-dependent remodeling. In a well-established, clinically relevant rat tibialis anterior VML injury model, we report observations of robust functional recovery, accompanied by volume reconstitution, muscle regeneration, and native-like vascularization following implantation of the HyA-based hydrogel at the site of injury. These findings have important implications for the development and clinical application of the improved biomaterials that will be required for stable and complete functional recovery from diverse VML injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Dienes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Shane Browne
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley 94720, United States
| | - Bruna Farjun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Juliana Amaral Passipieri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Ellen L Mintz
- Pathology Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Grant Killian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Kevin E Healy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley 94720, United States
| | - George J Christ
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
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Abstract
The field of tissue engineering has advanced over the past decade, but the largest impact on human health should be achieved with the transition of engineered solid organs to the clinic. The number of patients suffering from solid organ disease continues to increase, with over 100 000 patients on the U.S. national waitlist and approximately 730 000 deaths in the United States resulting from end-stage organ disease annually. While flat, tubular, and hollow nontubular engineered organs have already been implanted in patients, in vitro formation of a fully functional solid organ at a translatable scale has not yet been achieved. Thus, one major goal is to bioengineer complex, solid organs for transplantation, composed of patient-specific cells. Among the myriad of approaches attempted to engineer solid organs, 3D bioprinting offers unmatched potential. This review highlights the structural complexity which must be engineered at nano-, micro-, and mesostructural scales to enable organ function. We showcase key advances in bioprinting solid organs with complex vascular networks and functioning microstructures, advances in biomaterials science that have enabled this progress, the regulatory hurdles the field has yet to overcome, and cutting edge technologies that bring us closer to the promise of engineered solid organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Jorgensen
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - James J Yoo
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
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7
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Heidari-Moghadam A, Bayati V, Orazizadeh M, Rashno M. Role of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells in Designing An In Vitro Vascular-Muscle Cellular Model Using Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. Cell J 2020; 22:19-28. [PMID: 32779430 PMCID: PMC7481900 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2020.7034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Objective Researchers have been interested in the creation of a favorable cellular model for use in vascular-muscle
tissue engineering. The main objective of this study is to determine the myogenic effects of vascular endothelial growth
factor (VEGF) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) on adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) to achieve
an in vitro vascular-muscle cellular model.
Materials and Methods The present experimental research was conducted on two primary groups, namely ADSCs
monoculture and ADSCs/HUVECs co-culture that were divided into control, horse serum (HS), and HS/VEGF
differentiation subgroups. HUVECs were co-cultured by ADSC in a ratio of 1:1. The myogenic differentiation was
evaluated using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunofluorescence in different
experimental groups. The interaction between ADSCs and HUVECs, as well as the role of ADSCs conditional medium,
was investigated for endothelial tube formation assay.
Results Immunofluorescence staining indicated that Tropomyosin was positive in ADSCs and ADSCs and HUVECs
co-culture groups on HS and HS/VEGF culture medium. Furthermore, the MyHC2 gene expression significantly
increased in HS and HS/VEGF groups in comparison with the control group (P<0.001). More importantly, there was a
significant difference in the mRNA expression of this gene between ADSCs and ADSCs and HUVECs co-culture groups
on HS/VEGF culture medium (P<0.05). Current data revealed that the co-culture of ADSCs and HUVECs could develop
endothelial network formation in the VEGF-loaded group. Also, the ADSCs-conditioned medium improved the viability
and formation of the endothelial tube in the HS and VEGF groups, respectively.
Conclusion It was concluded that ADSCs/HUVECs co-culture and dual effects of VEGF can lead to the formation
of differentiated myoblasts in proximity to endothelial network formations. These in vitro cellular models could be
potentially used in vascular-muscle tissue engineering implanted into organ defects where muscle tissue and vascular
regeneration were required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Heidari-Moghadam
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Vahid Bayati
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Electronic Address: .,Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Orazizadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rashno
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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8
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Figueiredo L, Le Visage C, Weiss P, Yang J. Quantifying Oxygen Levels in 3D Bioprinted Cell-Laden Thick Constructs with Perfusable Microchannel Networks. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1260. [PMID: 32486307 DOI: 10.3390/polym12061260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The survival and function of thick tissue engineered implanted constructs depends on pre-existing, embedded, functional, vascular-like structures that are able to integrate with the host vasculature. Bioprinting was employed to build perfusable vascular-like networks within thick constructs. However, the improvement of oxygen transportation facilitated by these vascular-like networks was directly quantified. Using an optical fiber oxygen sensor, we measured the oxygen content at different positions within 3D bioprinted constructs with and without perfusable microchannel networks. Perfusion was found to play an essential role in maintaining relatively high oxygen content in cell-laden constructs and, consequently, high cell viability. The concentration of oxygen changes following switching on and off the perfusion. Oxygen concentration depletes quickly after pausing perfusion but recovers rapidly after resuming the perfusion. The quantification of oxygen levels within cell-laden hydrogel constructs could provide insight into channel network design and cellular responses.
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Russell CS, Mostafavi A, Quint JP, Panayi AC, Baldino K, Williams TJ, Daubendiek JG, Hugo Sánchez V, Bonick Z, Trujillo-Miranda M, Shin SR, Pourquie O, Salehi S, Sinha I, Tamayol A. In Situ Printing of Adhesive Hydrogel Scaffolds for the Treatment of Skeletal Muscle Injuries. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2020; 3:1568-1579. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b01176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carina S. Russell
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska, 900 North 16th Street, Room NH W330, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Azadeh Mostafavi
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska, 900 North 16th Street, Room NH W330, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Jacob P. Quint
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska, 900 North 16th Street, Room NH W330, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Adriana C. Panayi
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Kodi Baldino
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Tyrell J. Williams
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska, 900 North 16th Street, Room NH W330, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Jocelyn G. Daubendiek
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska, 900 North 16th Street, Room NH W330, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Victor Hugo Sánchez
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska, 900 North 16th Street, Room NH W330, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Zack Bonick
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska, 900 North 16th Street, Room NH W330, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | | | - Su Ryon Shin
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Olivier Pourquie
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Sahar Salehi
- Chair of Biomaterials, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, 95447 Germany
| | - Indranil Sinha
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Ali Tamayol
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska, 900 North 16th Street, Room NH W330, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
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10
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Abstract
Volumetric muscle loss (VML) is a devastating loss of muscle tissue that overwhelms the native regenerative properties of skeletal muscle and results in lifelong functional deficits. There are currently no treatments for VML that fully recover the lost muscle tissue and function. Tissue engineering presents a promising solution for VML treatment and significant research has been performed using tissue engineered muscle constructs in preclinical models of VML with a broad range of defect locations and sizes, tissue engineered construct characteristics, and outcome measures. Due to the complex vascular and neural anatomy within skeletal muscle, regeneration of functional vasculature and nerves is vital for muscle recovery following VML injuries. This review aims to summarize the current state of the field of skeletal muscle tissue engineering using 3D constructs for VML treatment with a focus on studies that have promoted vascular and neural regeneration within the muscle tissue post-VML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordana Gilbert-Honick
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Warren Grayson
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Material Sciences & Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology (INBT), Johns Hopkins University School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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11
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Gholobova D, Terrie L, Gerard M, Declercq H, Thorrez L. Vascularization of tissue-engineered skeletal muscle constructs. Biomaterials 2019; 235:119708. [PMID: 31999964 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle tissue can be created in vitro by tissue engineering approaches, based on differentiation of muscle stem cells. Several approaches exist and generally result in three dimensional constructs composed of multinucleated myofibers to which we refer as myooids. Engineering methods date back to 3 decades ago and meanwhile a wide range of cell types and scaffold types have been evaluated. Nevertheless, in most approaches, myooids remain very small to allow for diffusion-mediated nutrient supply and waste product removal, typically less than 1 mm thick. One of the shortcomings of current in vitro skeletal muscle organoid development is the lack of a functional vascular structure, thus limiting the size of myooids. This is a challenge which is nowadays applicable to almost all organoid systems. Several approaches to obtain a vascular structure within myooids have been proposed. The purpose of this review is to give a concise overview of these approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gholobova
- Tissue Engineering Lab, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, E. Sabbelaan 53, 8500, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - L Terrie
- Tissue Engineering Lab, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, E. Sabbelaan 53, 8500, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - M Gerard
- Tissue Engineering Lab, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, E. Sabbelaan 53, 8500, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - H Declercq
- Tissue Engineering Lab, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, E. Sabbelaan 53, 8500, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - L Thorrez
- Tissue Engineering Lab, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, E. Sabbelaan 53, 8500, Kortrijk, Belgium.
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12
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Maffioletti SM, Sarcar S, Henderson ABH, Mannhardt I, Pinton L, Moyle LA, Steele-Stallard H, Cappellari O, Wells KE, Ferrari G, Mitchell JS, Tyzack GE, Kotiadis VN, Khedr M, Ragazzi M, Wang W, Duchen MR, Patani R, Zammit PS, Wells DJ, Eschenhagen T, Tedesco FS. Three-Dimensional Human iPSC-Derived Artificial Skeletal Muscles Model Muscular Dystrophies and Enable Multilineage Tissue Engineering. Cell Rep 2019; 23:899-908. [PMID: 29669293 PMCID: PMC5917451 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.03.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Generating human skeletal muscle models is instrumental for investigating muscle pathology and therapy. Here, we report the generation of three-dimensional (3D) artificial skeletal muscle tissue from human pluripotent stem cells, including induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from patients with Duchenne, limb-girdle, and congenital muscular dystrophies. 3D skeletal myogenic differentiation of pluripotent cells was induced within hydrogels under tension to provide myofiber alignment. Artificial muscles recapitulated characteristics of human skeletal muscle tissue and could be implanted into immunodeficient mice. Pathological cellular hallmarks of incurable forms of severe muscular dystrophy could be modeled with high fidelity using this 3D platform. Finally, we show generation of fully human iPSC-derived, complex, multilineage muscle models containing key isogenic cellular constituents of skeletal muscle, including vascular endothelial cells, pericytes, and motor neurons. These results lay the foundation for a human skeletal muscle organoid-like platform for disease modeling, regenerative medicine, and therapy development. Human iPSC-derived 3D artificial muscles show features of normal skeletal muscle Multiple muscular dystrophy iPSC lines can be differentiated in 3D artificial muscles Artificial muscle constructs model severe, incurable forms of muscular dystrophy Isogenic vascular-like networks and motor neurons develop within artificial muscles
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shilpita Sarcar
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6DE, UK
| | - Alexander B H Henderson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6DE, UK
| | - Ingra Mannhardt
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf (UKE), 20246 Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Luca Pinton
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6DE, UK; Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Louise Anne Moyle
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6DE, UK
| | - Heather Steele-Stallard
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6DE, UK; Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Ornella Cappellari
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Kim E Wells
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Giulia Ferrari
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6DE, UK
| | - Jamie S Mitchell
- Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK; The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Giulia E Tyzack
- Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK; The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Vassilios N Kotiadis
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6DE, UK
| | - Moustafa Khedr
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6DE, UK
| | - Martina Ragazzi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6DE, UK
| | - Weixin Wang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6DE, UK
| | - Michael R Duchen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6DE, UK
| | - Rickie Patani
- Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK; The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Peter S Zammit
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Dominic J Wells
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf (UKE), 20246 Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
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Chameettachal S, Yeleswarapu S, Sasikumar S, Shukla P, Hibare P, Bera AK, Bojedla SSR, Pati F. 3D Bioprinting: Recent Trends and Challenges. J Indian Inst Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s41745-019-00113-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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14
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Nakayama KH, Shayan M, Huang NF. Engineering Biomimetic Materials for Skeletal Muscle Repair and Regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801168. [PMID: 30725530 PMCID: PMC6589032 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Although skeletal muscle is highly regenerative following injury or disease, endogenous self-regeneration is severely impaired in conditions of volume traumatic muscle loss. Consequently, tissue engineering approaches are a promising means to regenerate skeletal muscle. Biological scaffolds serve as not only structural support for the promotion of cellular ingrowth but also impart potent modulatory signaling cues that may be beneficial for tissue regeneration. In this work, the progress of tissue engineering approaches for skeletal muscle engineering and regeneration is overviewed, with a focus on the techniques to create biomimetic engineered tissue using extracellular cues. These factors include mechanical and electrical stimulation, geometric patterning, and delivery of growth factors or other bioactive molecules. The progress of evaluating the therapeutic efficacy of these approaches in preclinical models of muscle injury is further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina H Nakayama
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
- The Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Mahdis Shayan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
- The Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ngan F Huang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
- The Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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15
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Wu Y, Hospodiuk M, Peng W, Gudapati H, Neuberger T, Koduru S, Ravnic DJ, Ozbolat IT. Porous tissue strands: avascular building blocks for scalable tissue fabrication. Biofabrication 2018; 11:015009. [PMID: 30468153 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aaec22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The scalability of cell aggregates such as spheroids, strands, and rings has been restricted by diffusion of nutrient and oxygen into their core. In this study, we introduce a novel concept in generating tissue building blocks with micropores, which represents an alternative solution for vascularization. Sodium alginate porogens were mixed with human adipose-derived stem cells, and loaded into tubular alginate capsules, followed by de-crosslinking of the capsules. The resultant cellular structure exhibited a porous morphology and formed cell aggregates in the form of strands, called 'porous tissue strands (pTSs).' Three-dimensional reconstructions show that pTSs were able to maintain ∼25% porosity with a high pore interconnectivity (∼85%) for 3 weeks. Owing to the porous structure, pTSs showed up-regulated cell viability and proliferation rate as compared to solid counterparts throughout the culture period. pTSs also demonstrated self-assembly capability through tissue fusion yielding larger-scale patches. In this paper, chondrogenesis and osteogenesis of pTSs were also demonstrated, where the porous microstructure up-regulated both chondrogenic and osteogenic functionalities indicated by cartilage- and bone-specific immunostaining, quantitative biochemical assessment and gene expression. These findings indicated the functionality of pTSs, which possessed controllable porosity and self-assembly capability, and had great potential to be utilized as tissue building blocks in distinct applications such as cartilage and bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wu
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States of America. The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States of America
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16
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Zhou Y, Lovell D, Bethea M, Yoseph B, Poteracki J, Soker S, Criswell T. * The Impact of Age on Skeletal Muscle Progenitor Cell Survival and Fate After Injury. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2018; 23:1012-1021. [PMID: 29092672 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2017.0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is defined as the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function due to age, and represents a major cause of disability in the elderly population. The contributing factors to the onset of sarcopenia are not well defined, but appear to involve age-dependent changes in both the tissue microenvironment and muscle progenitor cell (MPC) population. MPC transplantation has the potential to be a novel therapy for treatment of muscle dysfunction due to aging or injury, but has not shown significant clinical efficacy to date. The goal of this research was to use a rat model of skeletal muscle injury to examine the differential effects of age on MPC survival, differentiation, and tissue regeneration after transplantation. Fluorescently labeled MPCs, derived from young (YMPCs) and adult (AMPCs) donor rats, were transplanted in the injured tibialis anterior (TA) muscles of young, adult, and aged rats. Our results demonstrated that integration and maturation of YMPCs into mature myofibers were dependent on the age of the host microenvironment; whereas, the integration and maturation of AMPCs were less dependent on age and more dependent on intrinsic cellular changes. These data suggest that the age of both the host microenvironment and cells for transplantation must be considered when designing cell therapy regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- 1 Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Daniel Lovell
- 1 Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Maigen Bethea
- 2 Cell Molecular & Developmental Biology, University of Alabama , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Benyam Yoseph
- 1 Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - James Poteracki
- 1 Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Shay Soker
- 1 Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Tracy Criswell
- 1 Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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17
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Abstract
Vascular networks have an important role to play in transporting nutrients, oxygen, metabolic wastes and maintenance of homeostasis. Bioprinting is a promising technology as it is able to fabricate complex, specific multi-cellular constructs with precision. In addition, current technology allows precise depositions of individual cells, growth factors and biochemical signals to enhance vascular growth. Fabrication of vascularized constructs has remained as a main challenge till date but it is deemed as an important stepping stone to bring organ engineering to a higher level. However, with the ever advancing bioprinting technology and knowledge of biomaterials, it is expected that bioprinting can be a viable solution for this problem. This article presents an overview of the biofabrication of vascular and vascularized constructs, the different techniques used in vascular engineering such as extrusion-based, droplet-based and laser-based bioprinting techniques, and the future prospects of bioprinting of artificial blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hooi Yee Ng
- 3D Printing Medical Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Xing Alvin Lee
- 3D Printing Medical Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Che-Nan Kuo
- 3D Printing Medical Research Institute, Asia University, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fang Shen
- 3D Printing Medical Research Institute, Asia University, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung City, Taiwan
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18
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Piccinini F, Bevilacqua A. Colour Vignetting Correction for Microscopy Image Mosaics Used for Quantitative Analyses. Biomed Res Int 2018; 2018:7082154. [PMID: 29984245 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7082154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Image mosaicing permits achieving one high-resolution image, extending the visible area of the sample while keeping the same resolution. However, intensity inhomogeneity of the stitched images can alter measurements and the right perception of the original sample. The problem can be solved by flat-field correcting the images through the vignetting function. Vignetting correction has been widely addressed for grey-level images, but not for colour ones. In this work, a practical solution for the colour vignetting correction in microscopy, also facing the problem of saturated pixels, is described. In order to assess the quality of the proposed approach, five different tonal correction approaches were quantitatively compared using state-of-the-art metrics and seven pairs of partially overlapping images of seven different samples. The results obtained proved that the proposed approach allows obtaining high quality colour flat-field corrected images and seamless mosaics without employing any blending adjustment. In order to give the opportunity to easily obtain seamless mosaics ready for quantitative analysis, the described vignetting correction method has been implemented in an upgraded release of MicroMos (version 3.0), an open-source software specifically designed to automatically obtain mosaics of partially overlapped images.
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19
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Klein D. iPSCs-based generation of vascular cells: reprogramming approaches and applications. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2018;75:1411-1433. [PMID: 29243171 PMCID: PMC5852192 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2730-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in the field of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) research have opened a new avenue for stem cell-based generation of vascular cells. Based on their growth and differentiation potential, human iPSCs constitute a well-characterized, generally unlimited cell source for the mass generation of lineage- and patient-specific vascular cells without any ethical concerns. Human iPSCs-derived vascular cells are perfectly suited for vascular disease modeling studies because patient-derived iPSCs possess the disease-causing mutation, which might be decisive for full expression of the disease phenotype. The application of vascular cells for autologous cell replacement therapy or vascular engineering derived from immune-compatible iPSCs possesses huge clinical potential, but the large-scale production of vascular-specific lineages for regenerative cell therapies depends on well-defined, highly reproducible culture and differentiation conditions. This review will focus on the different strategies to derive vascular cells from human iPSCs and their applications in regenerative therapy, disease modeling and drug discovery approaches.
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20
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Passipieri JA, Baker HB, Siriwardane M, Ellenburg MD, Vadhavkar M, Saul JM, Tomblyn S, Burnett L, Christ GJ. Keratin Hydrogel Enhances In Vivo Skeletal Muscle Function in a Rat Model of Volumetric Muscle Loss. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 23:556-571. [PMID: 28169594 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Volumetric muscle loss (VML) injuries exceed the considerable intrinsic regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle, resulting in permanent functional and cosmetic deficits. VML and VML-like injuries occur in military and civilian populations, due to trauma and surgery as well as due to a host of congenital and acquired diseases/syndromes. Current therapeutic options are limited, and new approaches are needed for a more complete functional regeneration of muscle. A potential solution is human hair-derived keratin (KN) biomaterials that may have significant potential for regenerative therapy. The goal of these studies was to evaluate the utility of keratin hydrogel formulations as a cell and/or growth factor delivery vehicle for functional muscle regeneration in a surgically created VML injury in the rat tibialis anterior (TA) muscle. VML injuries were treated with KN hydrogels in the absence and presence of skeletal muscle progenitor cells (MPCs), and/or insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and/or basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). Controls included VML injuries with no repair (NR), and implantation of bladder acellular matrix (BAM, without cells). Initial studies conducted 8 weeks post-VML injury indicated that application of keratin hydrogels with growth factors (KN, KN+IGF-1, KN+bFGF, and KN+IGF-1+bFGF, n = 8 each) enabled a significantly greater functional recovery than NR (n = 7), BAM (n = 8), or the addition of MPCs to the keratin hydrogel (KN+MPC, KN+MPC+IGF-1, KN+MPC+bFGF, and KN+MPC+IGF-1+bFGF, n = 8 each) (p < 0.05). A second series of studies examined functional recovery for as many as 12 weeks post-VML injury after application of keratin hydrogels in the absence of cells. A significant time-dependent increase in functional recovery of the KN, KN+bFGF, and KN+IGF+bFGF groups was observed, relative to NR and BAM implantation, achieving as much as 90% of the maximum possible functional recovery. Histological findings from harvested tissue at 12 weeks post-VML injury documented significant increases in neo-muscle tissue formation in all keratin treatment groups as well as diminished fibrosis, in comparison to both BAM and NR. In conclusion, keratin hydrogel implantation promoted statistically significant and physiologically relevant improvements in functional outcomes post-VML injury to the rodent TA muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Passipieri
- 1 Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia.,2 Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - H B Baker
- 2 Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,3 Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland
| | - Mevan Siriwardane
- 2 Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | | | - Manasi Vadhavkar
- 2 Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Justin M Saul
- 5 Department of Chemical, Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University , Oxford, Ohio
| | - Seth Tomblyn
- 4 KeraNetics, LLC , Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Luke Burnett
- 4 KeraNetics, LLC , Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - George J Christ
- 1 Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia.,2 Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,6 Orthopaedics Department, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
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Datta P, Ayan B, Ozbolat IT. Bioprinting for vascular and vascularized tissue biofabrication. Acta Biomater 2017; 51:1-20. [PMID: 28087487 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bioprinting is a promising technology to fabricate design-specific tissue constructs due to its ability to create complex, heterocellular structures with anatomical precision. Bioprinting enables the deposition of various biologics including growth factors, cells, genes, neo-tissues and extra-cellular matrix-like hydrogels. Benefits of bioprinting have started to make a mark in the fields of tissue engineering, regenerative medicine and pharmaceutics. Specifically, in the field of tissue engineering, the creation of vascularized tissue constructs has remained a principal challenge till date. However, given the myriad advantages over other biofabrication methods, it becomes organic to expect that bioprinting can provide a viable solution for the vascularization problem, and facilitate the clinical translation of tissue engineered constructs. This article provides a comprehensive account of bioprinting of vascular and vascularized tissue constructs. The review is structured as introducing the scope of bioprinting in tissue engineering applications, key vascular anatomical features and then a thorough coverage of 3D bioprinting using extrusion-, droplet- and laser-based bioprinting for fabrication of vascular tissue constructs. The review then provides the reader with the use of bioprinting for obtaining thick vascularized tissues using sacrificial bioink materials. Current challenges are discussed, a comparative evaluation of different bioprinting modalities is presented and future prospects are provided to the reader. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Biofabrication of living tissues and organs at the clinically-relevant volumes vitally depends on the integration of vascular network. Despite the great progress in traditional biofabrication approaches, building perfusable hierarchical vascular network is a major challenge. Bioprinting is an emerging technology to fabricate design-specific tissue constructs due to its ability to create complex, heterocellular structures with anatomical precision, which holds a great promise in fabrication of vascular or vascularized tissues for transplantation use. Although a great progress has recently been made on building perfusable tissues and branched vascular network, a comprehensive review on the state-of-the-art in vascular and vascularized tissue bioprinting has not reported so far. This contribution is thus significant because it discusses the use of three major bioprinting modalities in vascular tissue biofabrication for the first time in the literature and compares their strengths and limitations in details. Moreover, the use of scaffold-based and scaffold-free bioprinting is expounded within the domain of vascular tissue fabrication.
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22
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Perry L, Flugelman MY, Levenberg S. Elderly Patient-Derived Endothelial Cells for Vascularization of Engineered Muscle. Mol Ther 2017; 25:935-948. [PMID: 28279644 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro prevascularization of engineered tissue constructs promises to enhance their clinical applicability. We hypothesize that adult endothelial cells (ECs), isolated from limb veins of elderly patients, bear the vasculogenic properties required to form vascular networks in vitro that can later integrate with the host vasculature upon implantation. Here, we show that adult ECs formed vessel networks that were more developed and complex than those formed by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) seeded with various supporting cells on three-dimensional (3D) biodegradable polymer scaffolds. In parallel, secreted levels of key proangiogenic cytokines were significantly higher in adult EC-bearing scaffolds as compared to HUVEC scaffolds. As a proof of concept for applicability of this model, adult ECs were co-seeded with human myoblasts as well as supporting cells and successfully formed a branched network, which was surrounded by aligned human myotubes. The vascularized engineered muscle tissue implanted into a full-thickness defect in immunodeficient mice remained viable and anastomosed with the host vasculature within 9 days of implantation. Functional "chimeric" blood vessels and various types of anastomosis were observed. These findings provide strong evidence of the applicability of adult ECs in construction of clinically relevant autologous vascularized tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luba Perry
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel; Inter-departmental Program in Biotechnology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Moshe Y Flugelman
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Shulamit Levenberg
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.
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23
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Hrebíková H, Voborníková M, Hetešová M, Mokrý J. Histological Evaluation of Decellularized Skeletal Muscle Tissue Using Two Different Decellularization Agents. Acta Med (Hradec Kralove, Czech Repub ) 2017; 59:107-112. [DOI: 10.14712/18059694.2017.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine effect of two decellularized agents, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and Triton X-100, to the skeletal muscle tissue. Final scaffold was evaluated by several histological techniques to analyse preservation of essential structures including collagen and elastic fibres, basement membranes, glycosaminoglycans and also to confirm elimination of nuclear and cytoplasmic components which are redundant in effectively prepared decellularized scaffolds. Comparison of tissue scaffolds processed with different detergents proved that SDS is superior to Triton X-100 as it can effectively decellularize muscle tissue.
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24
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Ay B, Karaoz E, Kesemenli CC, Kenar H. Skeletal muscle patch engineering on synthetic and acellular human skeletal muscle originated scaffolds. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 105:879-890. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Birol Ay
- Stem Cell Department; Kocaeli University, Institute of Health Sciences; Kocaeli Turkey
- Center for Stem Cell and Gene Therapies Research and Practice, Kocaeli University; Kocaeli Turkey
| | - Erdal Karaoz
- Stem Cell Department; Kocaeli University, Institute of Health Sciences; Kocaeli Turkey
- Center for Stem Cell and Gene Therapies Research and Practice, Kocaeli University; Kocaeli Turkey
| | - Cumhur C. Kesemenli
- Faculty of Medicine; Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology; Kocaeli University; Kocaeli Turkey
| | - Halime Kenar
- Stem Cell Department; Kocaeli University, Institute of Health Sciences; Kocaeli Turkey
- BIOMATEN Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering; METU; Ankara Turkey
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Kocaeli University; Kocaeli Turkey
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25
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Shadrin IY, Khodabukus A, Bursac N. Striated muscle function, regeneration, and repair. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:4175-202. [PMID: 27271751 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2285-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
As the only striated muscle tissues in the body, skeletal and cardiac muscle share numerous structural and functional characteristics, while exhibiting vastly different size and regenerative potential. Healthy skeletal muscle harbors a robust regenerative response that becomes inadequate after large muscle loss or in degenerative pathologies and aging. In contrast, the mammalian heart loses its regenerative capacity shortly after birth, leaving it susceptible to permanent damage by acute injury or chronic disease. In this review, we compare and contrast the physiology and regenerative potential of native skeletal and cardiac muscles, mechanisms underlying striated muscle dysfunction, and bioengineering strategies to treat muscle disorders. We focus on different sources for cellular therapy, biomaterials to augment the endogenous regenerative response, and progress in engineering and application of mature striated muscle tissues in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we discuss the challenges and perspectives in translating muscle bioengineering strategies to clinical practice.
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26
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Smith AST, Davis J, Lee G, Mack DL, Kim DH. Muscular dystrophy in a dish: engineered human skeletal muscle mimetics for disease modeling and drug discovery. Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:1387-1398. [PMID: 27109386 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Engineered in vitro models using human cells, particularly patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), offer a potential solution to issues associated with the use of animals for studying disease pathology and drug efficacy. Given the prevalence of muscle diseases in human populations, an engineered tissue model of human skeletal muscle could provide a biologically accurate platform to study basic muscle physiology, disease progression, and drug efficacy and/or toxicity. Such platforms could be used as phenotypic drug screens to identify compounds capable of alleviating or reversing congenital myopathies, such as Duchene muscular dystrophy (DMD). Here, we review current skeletal muscle modeling technologies with a specific focus on efforts to generate biomimetic systems for investigating the pathophysiology of dystrophic muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec S T Smith
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jennifer Davis
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Gabsang Lee
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Department of Neurology, The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - David L Mack
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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27
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Abstract
For over two decades, research groups have been developing methods to engineer three-dimensional skeletal muscle tissues. These tissues hold great promise for use in disease modeling and pre-clinical drug development, and have potential to serve as therapeutic grafts for functional muscle repair. Recent advances in the field have resulted in the engineering of regenerative muscle constructs capable of survival, vascularization, and functional maturation in vivo as well as the first-time creation of functional human engineered muscles for screening of therapeutics in vitro. In this review, we will discuss the methodologies that have progressed work in the muscle tissue engineering field to its current state. The emphasis will be placed on the existing procedures to generate myogenic cell sources and form highly functional muscle tissues in vitro, techniques to monitor and evaluate muscle maturation and performance in vitro and in vivo, and surgical strategies to both create diseased environments and ensure implant survival and rapid integration into the host. Finally, we will suggest the most promising methodologies that will enable continued progress in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Juhas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jean Ye
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Nenad Bursac
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.
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Gholobova D, Decroix L, Van Muylder V, Desender L, Gerard M, Carpentier G, Vandenburgh H, Thorrez L. Endothelial Network Formation Within Human Tissue-Engineered Skeletal Muscle. Tissue Eng Part A 2015; 21:2548-58. [PMID: 26177063 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2015.0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The size of in vitro engineered skeletal muscle tissue is limited due to the lack of a vascular network in vitro. In this article, we report tissue-engineered skeletal muscle consisting of human aligned myofibers with interspersed endothelial networks. We extend our bioartificial muscle (BAM) model by coculturing human muscle progenitor cells with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in a fibrin extracellular matrix (ECM). First, the optimal medium conditions for coculturing myoblasts with HUVECs were determined in a fusion assay. Endothelial growth medium proved to be the best compromise for the coculture, without affecting the myoblast fusion index. Second, both cell types were cocultured in a BAM maintained under tension to stimulate myofiber alignment. We then tested different total cell numbers containing 50% HUVECs and found that BAMs with a total cell number of 2 × 10(6) resulted in well-aligned and densely packed myofibers while allowing for improved interspersed endothelial network formation. Third, we compared different myoblast-HUVEC ratios. Including higher numbers of myoblasts improved endothelial network formation at lower total cell density; however, improvement of network characteristics reached a plateau when 1 × 10(6) or more myoblasts were present. Finally, addition of Matrigel to the fibrin ECM did not enhance overall myofiber and endothelial network formation. Therefore, in our BAM model, we suggest the use of a fibrin extracellular matrix containing 2 × 10(6) cells of which 50-70% are muscle cells. Optimizing these coculture conditions allows for a physiologically more relevant muscle model and paves the way toward engineering of larger in vitro muscle constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dacha Gholobova
- 1 Tissue Engineering Laboratory , Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Lieselot Decroix
- 1 Tissue Engineering Laboratory , Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Vicky Van Muylder
- 1 Tissue Engineering Laboratory , Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Linda Desender
- 1 Tissue Engineering Laboratory , Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Melanie Gerard
- 1 Tissue Engineering Laboratory , Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Gilles Carpentier
- 2 Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Croissance Cellulaire, la Réparation et la Régénération Tissulaires (CRRET), Faculté des Sciences et Technologie, Université Paris-Est , Créteil, France
| | - Herman Vandenburgh
- 3 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Lieven Thorrez
- 1 Tissue Engineering Laboratory , Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Kortrijk, Belgium
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Porzionato A, Sfriso MM, Pontini A, Macchi V, Petrelli L, Pavan PG, Natali AN, Bassetto F, Vindigni V, De Caro R. Decellularized Human Skeletal Muscle as Biologic Scaffold for Reconstructive Surgery. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:14808-31. [PMID: 26140375 PMCID: PMC4519873 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160714808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Engineered skeletal muscle tissues have been proposed as potential solutions for volumetric muscle losses, and biologic scaffolds have been obtained by decellularization of animal skeletal muscles. The aim of the present work was to analyse the characteristics of a biologic scaffold obtained by decellularization of human skeletal muscles (also through comparison with rats and rabbits) and to evaluate its integration capability in a rabbit model with an abdominal wall defect. Rat, rabbit and human muscle samples were alternatively decellularized with two protocols: n.1, involving sodium deoxycholate and DNase I; n.2, trypsin-EDTA and Triton X-NH4OH. Protocol 2 proved more effective, removing all cellular material and maintaining the three-dimensional networks of collagen and elastic fibers. Ultrastructural analyses with transmission and scanning electron microscopy confirmed the preservation of collagen, elastic fibres, glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans. Implantation of human scaffolds in rabbits gave good results in terms of integration, although recellularization by muscle cells was not completely achieved. In conclusion, human skeletal muscles may be effectively decellularized to obtain scaffolds preserving the architecture of the extracellular matrix and showing mechanical properties suitable for implantation/integration. Further analyses will be necessary to verify the suitability of these scaffolds for in vitro recolonization by autologous cells before in vivo implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Porzionato
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Gabelli 65, Padova 35127, Italy.
| | - Maria Martina Sfriso
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Gabelli 65, Padova 35127, Italy.
| | - Alex Pontini
- Clinic of Plastic Surgery, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, Padova 35127, Italy.
| | - Veronica Macchi
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Gabelli 65, Padova 35127, Italy.
| | - Lucia Petrelli
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Gabelli 65, Padova 35127, Italy.
| | - Piero G Pavan
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via G. Marzolo 9, Padova 35131, Italy.
| | - Arturo N Natali
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via G. Marzolo 9, Padova 35131, Italy.
| | - Franco Bassetto
- Clinic of Plastic Surgery, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, Padova 35127, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Vindigni
- Clinic of Plastic Surgery, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, Padova 35127, Italy.
| | - Raffaele De Caro
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Gabelli 65, Padova 35127, Italy.
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30
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Deng M, Gu Y, Liu Z, Qi Y, Ma GE, Kang N. Endothelial Differentiation of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells on Polyglycolic Acid/Polylactic Acid Mesh. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:350718. [PMID: 26106426 DOI: 10.1155/2015/350718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC) is considered as a cell source potentially useful for angiogenesis in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. This study investigated the growth and endothelial differentiation of human ADSCs on polyglycolic acid/polylactic acid (PGA/PLA) mesh compared to 2D plastic. Cell adhesion, viability, and distribution of hADSCs on PGA/PLA mesh were observed by CM-Dil labeling, live/dead staining, and SEM examination while endothelial differentiation was evaluated by flow cytometry, Ac-LDL/UEA-1 uptake assay, immunofluorescence stainings, and gene expression analysis of endothelial related markers. Results showed hADSCs gained a mature endothelial phenotype with a positive ratio of 21.4 ± 3.7% for CD31+/CD34- when induced in 3D mesh after 21 days, which was further verified by the expressions of a comprehensive range of endothelial related markers, whereas hADSCs in 2D induced and 2D/3D noninduced groups all failed to differentiate into endothelial cells. Moreover, compared to 2D groups, the expression for α-SMA was markedly suppressed in 3D cultured hADSCs. This study first demonstrated the endothelial differentiation of hADSCs on the PGA/PLA mesh and pointed out the synergistic effect of PGA/PLA 3D culture and growth factors on the acquisition of mature characteristic endothelial phenotype. We believed this study would be the initial step towards the generation of prevascularized tissue engineered constructs.
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Christ GJ, Siriwardane ML, de Coppi P. Engineering muscle tissue for the fetus: getting ready for a strong life. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:53. [PMID: 25914643 PMCID: PMC4392316 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital malformations frequently involve either skeletal, smooth or cardiac tissues. When large parts of those tissues are damaged, the repair of the malformations is challenged by the fact that so much autologous tissue is missing. Current treatments require the use of prostheses or other therapies and are associated with a significant morbidity and mortality. Nonetheless, affected children have generally good survival rates and mostly normal schooling. As such, new therapeutic modalities need to represent significant improvements with clear safety profiles. Regenerative medicine and tissue engineering technologies have the potential to dramatically improve the treatment of any disease or disorder involving a lack of viable tissue. With respect to congenital soft tissue anomalies, the development of, for example, implantable muscle constructs would provide not only the usual desired elasticity and contractile proprieties, but should also be able to grow with the fetus and/or in the postnatal life. Such an approach would eliminate the need for multiple surgeries. However, the more widespread clinical applications of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering technologies require identification of the optimal indications, as well as further elucidation of the precise mechanisms and best methods (cells, scaffolds/biomaterials) for achieving large functional tissue regeneration in those clinical indications. In short, despite some amazing scientific progress, significant safety and efficacy hurdles remain. However, the rapid preclinical advances in the field bode well for future applications. As such, translational researchers and clinicians alike need be informed and prepared to utilize these new techniques for the benefit of their patients, as soon as they are available. To this end, we review herein, the clinical need(s), potential applications, and the relevant preclinical studies that are currently guiding the field toward novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- George J Christ
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine Winston-Salem, NC, USA ; Laboratory of Regenerative Therapeutics, Deptartment of Biomedical Engineering and Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | - Paolo de Coppi
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital London, UK
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32
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Hong JK, Bang JY, Xu G, Lee JH, Kim YJ, Lee HJ, Kim HS, Kwon SM. Thickness-controllable electrospun fibers promote tubular structure formation by endothelial progenitor cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:1189-200. [PMID: 25709441 PMCID: PMC4334353 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s73096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlling the thickness of an electrospun nanofibrous scaffold by altering its pore size has been shown to regulate cell behaviors such as cell infiltration into a three-dimensional (3D) scaffold. This is of great importance when manufacturing tissue-engineering scaffolds using an electrospinning process. In this study, we report the development of a novel process whereby additional aluminum foil layers were applied to the accumulated electrospun fibers of an existing aluminum foil collector, effectively reducing the incidence of charge buildup. Using this process, we fabricated an electrospun scaffold with a large pore (pore size >40 μm) while simultaneously controlling the thickness. We demonstrate that the large pore size triggered rapid infiltration (160 μm in 4 hours of cell culture) of individual endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and rapid cell colonization after seeding EPC spheroids. We confirmed that the 3D, but not two-dimensional, scaffold structures regulated tubular structure formation by the EPCs. Thus, incorporation of stem cells into a highly porous 3D scaffold with tunable thickness has implications for the regeneration of vascularized thick tissues and cardiac patch development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Kyu Hong
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea ; Conversence Stem Cell Research Center, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Ju Yup Bang
- Department of Organic Material Science, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, South Korea
| | - Guan Xu
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jun-Hee Lee
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Yeon-Ju Kim
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Ho-Jun Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, South Korea
| | - Han Seong Kim
- Department of Organic Material Science, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, South Korea
| | - Sang-Mo Kwon
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea ; Conversence Stem Cell Research Center, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea ; Immunoregulatory Therapeutics Group in Brain Busan 21 Project, Department of Physiology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea
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Abstract
Skeletal muscle tissue is characterized by high metabolic requirements, defined structure and high regenerative potential. As such, it constitutes an appealing platform for tissue engineering to address volumetric defects, as proven by recent works in this field. Several issues common to all engineered constructs constrain the variety of tissues that can be realized in vitro, principal among them the lack of a vascular system and the absence of reliable cell sources; as it is, the only successful tissue engineering constructs are not characterized by active function, present limited cellular survival at implantation and possess low metabolic requirements. Recently, functionally competent constructs have been engineered, with vascular structures supporting their metabolic requirements. In addition to the use of biochemical cues, physical means, mechanical stimulation and the application of electric tension have proven effective in stimulating the differentiation of cells and the maturation of the constructs; while the use of co-cultures provided fine control of cellular developments through paracrine activity. This review will provide a brief analysis of some of the most promising improvements in the field, with particular attention to the techniques that could prove easily transferable to other branches of tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Mantero
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano Milano, Italy
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Zhou Y, Lovell D, Bethea M, Wang Z, Christ GJ, Soker S, Criswell T. Age-dependent changes cooperatively impact skeletal muscle regeneration after compartment syndrome injury. Am J Pathol 2014; 184:2225-36. [PMID: 24909508 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Declining skeletal muscle function, due to injury and aging (sarcopenia), results in a significantly decreased quality of life and is a major cause of disability in the United States. Studies examining recovery from muscle injury in models of older animals principally used insults that primarily affect only the myofibers without affecting the muscle tissue microenvironment. This type of injury does not adequately represent the full extent of tissue damage observed in older humans, which encompasses injury not only to the muscle fibers, but also to the surrounding tissue components, such as the vasculature and nerves. Previously, we described a novel rat model of compression-induced muscle injury that results in multicomponent injury to the muscle and adequately mimics compartment syndrome injuries seen in patients. Herein, we characterized tissue regeneration in young, adult, and aged rats after compartment syndrome injury. We observed significant differences between the regeneration process in the different aged rats that involved muscle function, tissue anatomical features, neovascularization, and innervation. Compared to young rats, adult rats had delayed functional recovery, whereas the aged rats were deficient in their regenerative capacity. Age-dependent changes in both the ability to restore the contractile apparatus and myogenesis are important, and must be taken into consideration when designing therapies for the treatment of muscle injury.
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Xu Y, Dong S, Zhou Q, Mo X, Song L, Hou T, Wu J, Li S, Li Y, Li P, Gan Y, Xu J. The effect of mechanical stimulation on the maturation of TDSCs-poly(L-lactide-co-e-caprolactone)/collagen scaffold constructs for tendon tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2014; 35:2760-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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