1
|
Han L, Wu L, Yin Q, Li L, Zheng X, Du S, Huang X, Bai L, Wang Y, Bian Y. A promising therapy for fatty liver disease: PCSK9 inhibitors. Phytomedicine 2024; 128:155505. [PMID: 38547616 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatty liver disease (FLD) poses a significant global health concern worldwide, with its classification into nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD) contingent upon the presence or absence of chronic and excessive alcohol consumption. The absence of specific therapeutic interventions tailored to FLD at various stages of the disease renders its treatment exceptionally arduous. Despite the fact that FLD and hyperlipidemia are intimately associated, there is still debate over how lipid-lowering medications affect FLD. Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/ Kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a serine protease predominantly synthesized in the liver, which has a crucial impact on cholesterol homeostasis. Research has confirmed that PCSK9 inhibitors have prominent lipid-lowering properties and substantial clinical effectiveness, thereby justifying the need for additional exploration of their potential role in FLD. PURPOSE Through a comprehensive literature search, this review is to identify the relationship and related mechanisms between PCSK9, lipid metabolism and FLD. Additionally, it will assess the pharmacological mechanism and applicability of PCSK9 inhibitors (including naturally occurring PCSK9 inhibitors, such as conventional herbal medicines) for the treatment of FLD and serve as a guide for updating the treatment protocol for such conditions. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted using several electronic databases, including Pubmed, Medline, Embase, CNKI, Wanfang database and ClinicalTrials.gov, from the inception of the database to 30 Jan 2024. Key words used in the literature search were "fatty liver", "hepatic steatosis", "PCSK9", "traditional Chinese medicine", "herb medicine", "botanical medicine", "clinical trial", "vivo", "vitro", linked with AND/OR. Most of the included studies were within five years. RESULTS PCSK9 participates in the regulation of circulating lipids via both LDLR dependent and independent pathways, and there is a potential association with de novo lipogenesis. Major clinical studies have demonstrated a positive correlation between circulating PCSK9 levels and the severity of NAFLD, with elevated levels of circulating PCSK9 observed in individuals exposed to chronic alcohol. Numerous studies have demonstrated the potential of PCSK9 inhibitors to ameliorate non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), potentially completely alleviate liver steatosis, and diminish liver impairment. In animal experiments, PCSK9 inhibitors have exhibited efficacy in alleviating alcoholic induced liver lipid accumulation and hepatitis. Traditional Chinese medicine such as berberine, curcumin, resveratrol, piceatannol, sauchinone, lupin, quercetin, salidroside, ginkgolide, tanshinone, lunasin, Capsella bursa-pastoris, gypenosides, and Morus alba leaves are the main natural PCS9 inhibitors. Excitingly, by inhibiting transcription, reducing secretion, direct targeting and other pathways, traditional Chinese medicine exert inhibitory effects on PCSK9, thereby exerting potential FLD therapeutic effects. CONCLUSION PCSK9 plays an important role in the development of FLD, and PCSK9 inhibitors have demonstrated beneficial effects on lipid regulation and FLD in both preclinical and clinical studies. In addition, some traditional Chinese medicines have improved the disease progression of FLD by inhibiting PCSK9 and anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Consequently, the inhibition of PCSK9 appears to be a promising therapeutic strategy for FLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lizhu Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Liuyun Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Qinan Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Lian Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Xingyue Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Shan Du
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Lan Bai
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Center of Organ Transplantation, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China.
| | - Yuan Bian
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li JL, Jiang JY, Gu SS, Zhang L, Sun Y, Wang XH, Li DY, Chen ZY, Jiang SS, Zhu WZ, Jiang HW, Zhang HJ. Identification of lignans as ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) inhibitors from the roots of Pouzolzia zeylanica. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:1719-1726. [PMID: 37265118 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2219816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A new lignan, named pouzolignan P (1), together with 14 known ones (2 - 15) were isolated from the roots of Pouzolzia zeylanica (L.) Benn. Their structures were deduced based on the detailed spectroscopic analysis. All the isolates were evaluated for their inhibitory activities toward the ATP citrate lyase (ACLY). Among them, four lignans, isopouzolignan K (3), gnemontanins E (5), gnetuhainin I (6), and styraxlignolide D (15) showed excellent ACLY inhibitory effect with IC50 values of 9.06, 0.59, 2.63, and 7.62 μM, respectively. These compounds were further evaluated for their cholesterol-lowing effects on ox-LDL-induced high-cholesterol HepG2 cells. Compound 15 emerges as the most potent ACLY inhibitor, which significantly decreased the TC level in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, molecular docking simulations elucidated that 15 formed a strong hydrogen-bond interaction with Glu599 of ACLY, which was an important site responsible for the enzyme catalytic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Long Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Yi Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan-Shan Gu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nantong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nantong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Nantong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nantong, People's Republic of China
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Han Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan-Yu Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe-Yu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Shi Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nantong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nantong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Zhong Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao-Wen Jiang
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Jie Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Weerawatanakorn M, Kamchonemenukool S, Koh YC, Pan MH. Exploring Phytochemical Mechanisms in the Prevention of Cholesterol Dysregulation: A Review. J Agric Food Chem 2024; 72:6833-6849. [PMID: 38517334 PMCID: PMC11018292 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Although cholesterol plays a key role in many physiological processes, its dysregulation can lead to several metabolic diseases. Statins are a group of drugs widely used to lower cholesterol levels and cardiovascular risk but may lead to several side effects in some patients. Therefore, the development of a plant-based therapeutic adjuvant with cholesterol-lowering activity is desirable. The maintenance of cholesterol homeostasis encompasses multiple steps, including biosynthesis and metabolism, uptake and transport, and bile acid metabolism; issues arising in any of these processes could contribute to the etiology of cholesterol-related diseases. An increasing body of evidence strongly indicates the benefits of phytochemicals for cholesterol regulation; traditional Chinese medicines prove beneficial in some disease models, although more scientific investigations are needed to confirm their effectiveness. One of the main functions of cholesterol is bile acid biosynthesis, where most bile acids are recycled back to the liver. The composition of bile acid is partly modulated by gut microbes and could be harmful to the liver. In this regard, the reshaping effect of phytochemicals on gut microbiota has been widely reported in the literature for its significance. Therefore, we reviewed studies conducted over the past 5 years elucidating the regulatory effects of phytochemicals or herbal medicines on cholesterol metabolism. In addition, their effects on the recomposition of gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism due to modulation are discussed. This review aims to provide novel insights into the treatment of cholesterol dysregulation and the anticipated development of natural-based compounds in the near and far future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monthana Weerawatanakorn
- Department
of Agro-Industry, Naresuan University, 99 Moo 9, Thapho, Muang, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
- Centre
of Excellence in Fats and Oils, Naresuan
University Science Park, 99 M 9, Thapho, Muang, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Sudthida Kamchonemenukool
- Department
of Agro-Industry, Naresuan University, 99 Moo 9, Thapho, Muang, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Yen-Chun Koh
- Institute
of Food Science and Technology, National
Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hsiung Pan
- Institute
of Food Science and Technology, National
Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department
of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung City 40447, Taiwan
- Department
of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia
University, Taichung City 41354, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ding W, Yang X, Lai K, Jiang Y, Liu Y. The potential of therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial biogenesis for the treatment of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arch Pharm Res 2024; 47:219-248. [PMID: 38485900 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-024-01490-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a persistent metabolic disorder marked by deficiencies in insulin secretion and/or function, affecting various tissues and organs and leading to numerous complications. Mitochondrial biogenesis, the process by which cells generate new mitochondria utilizing existing ones plays a crucial role in energy homeostasis, glucose metabolism, and lipid handling. Recent evidence suggests that promoting mitochondrial biogenesis can alleviate insulin resistance in the liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle while improving pancreatic β-cell function. Moreover, enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis has been shown to ameliorate T2DM symptoms and may contribute to therapeutic effects for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy, cardiomyopathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy. This review summarizes the intricate connection between mitochondrial biogenesis and T2DM, highlighting the potential of novel therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial biogenesis for T2DM treatment and its associated complications. It also discusses several natural products that exhibit beneficial effects on T2DM by promoting mitochondrial biogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Xiaoxue Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Kaiyi Lai
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang M, Hou L, Tang W, Lei W, Lin H, Wang Y, Long H, Lin S, Chen Z, Wang G, Zhao G. Oridonin attenuates atherosclerosis by inhibiting foam macrophage formation and inflammation through FABP4/PPARγ signalling. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:4155-4170. [PMID: 37905351 PMCID: PMC10746953 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Both lipid accumulation and inflammatory response in lesion macrophages fuel the progression of atherosclerosis, leading to high mortality of cardiovascular disease. A therapeutic strategy concurrently targeting these two risk factors is promising, but still scarce. Oridonin, the bioactive medicinal compound, is known to protect against inflammatory response and lipid dysfunction. However, its effect on atherosclerosis and the underlying molecular mechanism remain elusive. Here, we showed that oridonin attenuated atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic ApoE knockout mice. Meanwhile, we confirmed the protective effect of oridonin on the oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-induced foam macrophage formation, resulting from increased cholesterol efflux, as well as reduced inflammatory response. Mechanistically, the network pharmacology prediction and further experiments revealed that oridonin dramatically facilitated the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), thereby regulating liver X receptor-alpha (LXRα)-induced ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) expression and nuclear factor NF-kappa-B (NF-κB) translocation. Antagonist of PPARγ reversed the cholesterol accumulation and inflammatory response mediated by oridonin. Besides, RNA sequencing analysis revealed that fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) was altered responding to lipid modulation effect of oridonin. Overexpression of FABP4 inhibited PPARγ activation and blunted the benefit effect of oridonin on foam macrophages. Taken together, oridonin might have potential to protect against atherosclerosis by modulating the formation and inflammatory response in foam macrophages through FABP4/PPARγ signalling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's HospitalQingyuanChina
| | - Lianjie Hou
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's HospitalQingyuanChina
| | - Wanying Tang
- Hengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyangChina
| | | | - Huiling Lin
- Hengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyangChina
| | - Yu Wang
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's HospitalQingyuanChina
| | - Haijiao Long
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's HospitalQingyuanChina
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Shuyun Lin
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's HospitalQingyuanChina
| | - Zhi Chen
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's HospitalQingyuanChina
| | - Guangliang Wang
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's HospitalQingyuanChina
- Hengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyangChina
| | - Guojun Zhao
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's HospitalQingyuanChina
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang K, Shen F, Lei W, Han Y, Ma X, Lu Y, Hou Y, Liu W, Jiang M, Zhang T, Bai G. Ligustilide covalently binds to Cys129 of HMGCS1 to ameliorate dyslipidemia. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115323. [PMID: 37579692 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is characterized by elevated levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides in serum, and has become the primary human health killer because of the major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Although there exist plenty of drugs for dyslipidemia, the number of patients who could benefit from lipid-lowering drugs still remains a concern. Ligustilide (Lig), a natural phthalide derivative, was reported to regulate lipid metabolic disorders. However, its specific targets and underlying molecular mechanism are still unclear. In this study, we found that Lig alleviated high fat diet-induced dyslipidemia by inhibiting cholesterol biosynthesis. Furthermore, a series of chemical biological analysis methods were used to identify its target protein for regulating lipid metabolism. Collectively, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A synthetase 1 (HMGCS1) of hepatic cells was identified as a target for Lig to regulate lipid metabolism. The mechanistic study confirmed that Lig irreversibly binds to Cys129 of HMGCS1 via its metabolic intermediate 6,7-epoxyligustilide, thereby reducing cholesterol synthesis and improving lipid metabolism disorders. These findings not only systematically elucidated the lipid-lowering mechanism of Lig, but also provided a new structural compound for the treatment of dyslipidemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaixue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, PR China
| | - Fukui Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, PR China
| | - Wei Lei
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Yanqi Han
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Quality markers of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin 300462, PR China
| | - Xiaoyao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, PR China
| | - Yujie Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, PR China
| | - Wenjuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, PR China.
| | - Min Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, PR China.
| | - Tiejun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Quality markers of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin 300462, PR China
| | - Gang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ji L, Song T, Ge C, Wu Q, Ma L, Chen X, Chen T, Chen Q, Chen Z, Chen W. Identification of bioactive compounds and potential mechanisms of scutellariae radix-coptidis rhizoma in the treatment of atherosclerosis by integrating network pharmacology and experimental validation. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115210. [PMID: 37499457 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims at investigating the potential targets and functional mechanisms of Scutellariae Radix-Coptidis Rhizoma (QLYD) against atherosclerosis (AS) through network pharmacology, molecular docking, bioinformatic analysis and experimental validation. METHODS The compositions of QLYD were collected from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) and literature, where the main active components of QLYD and corresponding targets were identified. The potential therapeutic targets of AS were excavated using the OMIM database, DrugBank database, DisGeNET database, CTD database and GEO datasets. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of common targets was constructed and visualized by Cytoscape 3.7.2 software. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analysis were performed to analyze the function of core targets in the PPI network. Molecular docking was carried out using AutoDockTools, AutoDock Vina, and PyMOL software to verify the correlation between the main components of QLYD and the core targets. Mouse AS model was established and the results of network pharmacology were verified by in vivo experiments. RESULTS Totally 49 active components and 225 corresponding targets of QLYD were obtained, where 68 common targets were identified by intersecting with AS-related targets. Five hub genes including IL6, VEGFA, AKT1, TNF, and IL1B were screened from the PPI network. GO functional analysis reported that these targets had associations mainly with cellular response to oxidative stress, regulation of inflammatory response, epithelial cell apoptotic process, and blood coagulation. KEGG pathway analysis demonstrated that these targets were correlated to AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, TNF signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, and NF-kappa B signaling pathway. Results of molecular docking indicated good binding affinity of QLYD to FOS, AKT1, and TNF. Animal experiments showed that QLYD could inhibit inflammation, improve blood lipid levels and reduce plaque area in AS mice to prevent and treat AS. CONCLUSION QLYD may exert anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress effects through multi-component, multi-target and multi-pathway to treat AS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Ji
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province 250355, China
| | - Ting Song
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province 250011, China
| | - Chunlei Ge
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Linyi Tradition Chinese Medical Hospital, Linyi, Shandong Province 276600, China
| | - Qiaolan Wu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province 250355, China
| | - Lanying Ma
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province 250355, China
| | - Xiubao Chen
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province 250011, China
| | - Ting Chen
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province 250355, China
| | - Qian Chen
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province 250355, China
| | - Zetao Chen
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province 250011, China; Subject of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine,Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province 250355, China.
| | - Weida Chen
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province 250011, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Du Z, Zhao X, Sun L, Chi B, Ma Z, Tian Z, Liu Y. Untargeted lipidomics-based study reveals the treatment mechanism of Qingxue Bawei tablets on atherosclerotic in ApoE -/- mice. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1229:123889. [PMID: 37738809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Qingxue Bawei (QXBW) tablets, a Mongolian medicine prescription, have proved to possess good lipid-lowering and antihypertensive effects in previous studies. However, the therapeutic effects and potential mechanisms of QXBW tablets on atherosclerosis (AS) have not been well studied yet. This study aimed to investigate the potential liver-protective mechanism of QXBW tablets on AS mice by hepatic lipidomics analysis. After 10 weeks of administration, serum and liver were collected for biochemical, histopathological, and lipid metabolomics analysis to evaluate the efficacy of the QXBW tablets on high-fat diet (HFD) induced mice. The experimental results indicated that QXBW tablets could ameliorate liver injury and inflammatory response in AS mice. Liver lipid data from different groups of mice were collected by UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS, and a total of 22 potential biomarkers with significant differences between the model and control groups were identified finally, of which 16 potential biomarkers were back-regulated after the QXBW tablets intervention. These 22 potential differential metabolic markers were mainly involved in glycerolipid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and cholesterol ester metabolism pathways. The results of this study showed that serum inflammatory factors, liver function indices, and lipid metabolism disorders were positively alleviated in AS mice after QXBW tablets treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Du
- Innovation Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Pharmacy Department of Boshan District Hospital, Zibo City, Shandong Province, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Luping Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Bingqing Chi
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Zhen Ma
- Innovation Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Zhenhua Tian
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
| | - Yuecheng Liu
- Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pei D, Tian S, Bao Y, Zhang J, Xu D, Piao M. Protective effect of salidroside on streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation in rats via the Akt/GSK-3β signalling pathway. Pharm Biol 2022; 60:1732-1738. [PMID: 36086879 PMCID: PMC9467606 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2116055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Salidroside (SAL), one of the major glycosides isolated from the roots of Rhodiola rosea L. (Crassulaceae), has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antidiabetic properties. OBJECTIVE Our study assessed whether SAL exerts a protective effect on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic nephropathy (DN) in rats via the Akt/GSK-3β signalling pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult male Wistar rats were divided into three groups (n = 8): normal control, DN + vehicle, and DN + SAL. SAL (50 mg/kg/day, oral) was administered for 8 weeks. Biochemical and histopathologic examinations were performed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of SAL on oxidative stress, inflammation, renal function, and apoptosis. RESULTS SAL induced rats demonstrated ameliorated levels of FBG (20.53 ± 0.72 mmol/L vs. 26.02 ± 1.44 mmol/L), urine albumin excretion (27.00 ± 1.46 mmol/L vs. 41.00 ± 1.59 mmol/L), blood urea nitrogen (14.42 ± 0.70 mmol/L vs. 17.77 ± 0.72 mmol/L), and serum creatinine (112.80 ± 6.98 mmol/L vs. 159.00 ± 3.81 mmol/L) compared to normal control rats, along with the alleviation of renal pathologic changes by improving the irregular shape of glomeruli tissues. Biochemical analysis showed that SAL-treated animals displayed suppressed levels of serum inflammatory cytokines and kidney oxidative stress markers and attenuated apoptotic characteristics. Moreover, it increased the phosphorylation levels of Akt and GSK-3β in kidneys. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The present study validated the involvement of the Akt/GSK-3β signalling pathway in renal improvement. These findings can form the basis to investigate the protective effect of SAL in DN in clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Delong Pei
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Shengri Tian
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yanqiu Bao
- Center of Morphological Experiment, Medical College of Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Center of Morphological Experiment, Medical College of Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Dongyuan Xu
- Center of Morphological Experiment, Medical College of Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Minhu Piao
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yang R, Wang Y, Zhao X, Tong Z, Zhu Q, He X, Wang Z, Luo H, Fang F. A facile and efficient synthesis approach of salidroside esters by whole-cell biocatalysts in organic solvents. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1051117. [PMID: 36507279 PMCID: PMC9729279 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1051117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Salidroside, the main bioactive compound isolated from the plant source of Rhodiola rosea L, possesses broad-spectrum pharmacological activities, but suffers from the low cell membranes permeability and alimentary absorption due to its high polarity. Therefore, a whole-cell catalytic strategy for the synthesis of salidroside esters was explored to improve its lipophilicity. The results showed that Aspergillus oryzae demonstrated the highest biocatalytic activity among the microbial strains tested. For the synthesis of salidroside caprylate, the optimum conditions of reaction medium, Aspergillus oryzae amount, molar ratio of vinyl caprylate to salidroside and reaction temperature were acetone, 30 mg/ml, 10°C and 40°C, respectively. Under these conditions, the initial reaction rate was 15.36 mM/h, and substrate conversion and regioselectivity all reached 99%. Moreover, the results indicated that although various 6'-monoesters derivatives of salidroside were exclusively obtained with excellent conversions (96%-99%), the reaction rate varied greatly with different chain-length acyl donors. This study details an efficient and cost-effective biocatalytic approach for the synthesis of salidroside esters by using Aspergillus oryzae as a catalyst for the first time. Considering the whole cell catalytic efficiency and operational stability, this strategy may provide a new opportunity to develop green industrial processes production for ester derivatives of salidroside and its analogues.
Collapse
|
11
|
Li J, Wang R, Chen Q, Tian Y, Gao L, Lei A. Salidroside improves porcine oocyte maturation and subsequent embryonic development by promoting lipid metabolism. Theriogenology 2022; 192:89-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
12
|
Zhan X, He M, Pei J, Fan W, Mwangi CN, Zhang P, Chai X, Jiang M. Natural Phenylethanoid Supplementation Alleviates Metabolic Syndrome in Female Mice Induced by High-Fructose Diet. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:850777. [PMID: 35928270 PMCID: PMC9343882 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.850777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosol (T), hydroxytyrosol (H), and salidroside (S) are typical phenylethanoids and also powerful dietary antioxidants. This study aimed at evaluating the influence of three natural phenylethanoids, which are dietary phenylethanoids of natural origins, on reversing gut dysbiosis and attenuating nonalcoholic fatty liver features of the liver induced by metabolic syndrome (MetS) mice. C57BL/6J female mice induced with high-fructose diet were established and administrated with salidroside, tyrosol, and hydroxytyrosol for 12 weeks, respectively. Biochemical analysis showed that S, T, and H significantly improved glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism, including reduced levels of total cholesterol insulin (INS), uric acid, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and aspartate aminotransferase (ALT). Histopathological observation of the liver confirmed the protective effects of S, T, and H against hepatic steatosis, which were demonstrated by the results of metabolomic analysis, such as the improvement in glycolysis, purine metabolism, bile acid, fatty acid metabolism, and choline metabolism. Additionally, 16S rRNA gene sequence data revealed that S, T, and H could enhance the diversity of gut microbiota. These findings suggested that S, T, and H probably suppress lipid accumulation and have hepatoprotective effects and improve intestinal microflora disorders to attenuate metabolic syndromes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiujun Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingshuai He
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jierong Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenjing Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Charity Ngina Mwangi
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Miaomiao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Miaomiao Jiang,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hu M, Zhang D, Xu H, Zhang Y, Shi H, Huang X, Wang X, Wu Y, Qi Z. Salidroside Activates the AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway to Suppress Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in Mice. Hepatology 2021; 74:3056-3073. [PMID: 34292604 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS NASH is becoming a leading cause of liver cirrhosis and HCC. Salidroside (p-hydroxyphenethyl-β-D-glucoside; SAL) has various biological and pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, -oxidant, and -cancer activities. However, the therapeutic effect and underlying molecular mechanism of SAL in NASH remain to be further clarified. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we found that SAL alleviated lipid accumulation and inflammatory response in primary hepatocytes after palmitic acid/oleic acid (PO) stimulation. In addition, SAL effectively prevented high-fat/high-cholesterol (HFHC)-diet-induced NASH progression by regulating glucose metabolism dysregulation, insulin resistance, lipid accumulation, inflammation, and fibrosis. Mechanistically, integrated RNA-sequencing and bioinformatic analysis showed that SAL promoted AMPK-signaling pathway activation in vitro and in vivo, and this finding was further verified by determining the phosphorylation levels of AMPK. Furthermore, the protective effects of SAL on lipid accumulation and inflammation in hepatocytes and livers induced by PO or HFHC stimulation were blocked by AMPK interruption. CONCLUSIONS Our studies demonstrate that SAL protects against metabolic-stress-induced NASH progression through activation of AMPK signaling, indicating that SAL could be a potential drug component for NASH therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manli Hu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Medical Science Research Centre, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dingran Zhang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongyang Xu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongjie Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinhui Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhili Qi
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhao X, Zhou R, Li H, Fan Y, Sun Y, Hu X, Zhang S. The Effects of Moderate Alcohol Consumption on Circulating Metabolites and Gut Microbiota in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:767692. [PMID: 34796220 PMCID: PMC8593214 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.767692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Epidemiological studies confirmed that moderate alcohol consumption was associated with a reduced risk of adverse cardiovascular events. It is increasingly recognized that the composition of gut microbiota and metabolites is involved in modulating the cardiovascular health of the host. However, the association of moderate alcohol consumption with serum metabolites and gut microbiome and its impact on coronary artery disease (CAD) is not fully investigated. Method: Serum untargeted metabolomics analysis and fecal 16S rRNA sequencing were performed on 72 male patients with CAD having various alcohol consumption (36 non-drinkers, 18 moderate drinkers, and 18 heavy drinkers) and 17 matched healthy controls. MetaboAnalyst and PICRUSt2 were utilized to analyze the possible involved metabolic pathways. Multi-omics analysis was achieved by Spearman correlation to reveal the interactions of alcohol consumption with gut microbiome and serum metabolites in patients with CAD. Results: We noted distinct differences between patients with CAD, with varying levels of alcohol consumption and healthy controls in aspects of serum metabolome and the gut microbiome. Moderate alcohol consumption significantly changed the lipidomic profiles, including reductions of sphingolipids and glycerophospholipids in moderate drinkers with CAD when compared with non and heavy drinkers with CAD. Moreover, we also found the reduction of microbial-derived metabolites in moderate drinkers with CAD, such as 2-phenylacetamide and mevalonic acid. To be noted, the gut microbiota of moderate drinkers with CAD tended to resemble that of healthy controls. Compared with non-drinkers, the relative abundance of genus Paraprevotella, Lysinibacillus was significantly elevated in moderate drinkers with CAD, while the genus Bifidobacterium, Megasphaera, and Streptococcus were significantly reduced in moderate drinkers with CAD. Multi-omics analysis revealed that specific metabolites and microbes associated with moderate alcohol consumption were correlated with the severity of CAD. Conclusions: Our study revealed that the impact of moderate alcohol consumption on serum metabolites and gut microbiota in patients with CAD seemed to be separated from that of heavy and non-alcohol consumption. Moderate drinking tended to have more positive effects on metabolic profiles and commensal flora, which may explain its beneficial effects on cardiovascular health. Overall, our study provides a novel insight into the effects of moderate alcohol consumption in patients with CAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ruilin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hanyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yueshen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li L, Yang Y, Zhang H, Du Y, Jiao X, Yu H, Wang Y, Lv Q, Li F, Sun Q, Qin Y. Salidroside Ameliorated Intermittent Hypoxia-Aggravated Endothelial Barrier Disruption and Atherosclerosis via the cAMP/PKA/RhoA Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:723922. [PMID: 34504429 PMCID: PMC8421548 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.723922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Endothelial barrier dysfunction plays a key role in atherosclerosis progression. The primary pathology of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome is chronic intermittent hypoxia (IH), which induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, endothelial barrier injury, and atherosclerosis. Salidroside, a typical pharmacological constituent of Rhodiola genus, has documented antioxidative, and cardiovascular protective effects. However, whether salidroside can improve IH-aggravated endothelial barrier dysfunction and atherosclerosis has not been elucidated. Methods and results: In normal chow diet-fed ApoE−/− mice, salidroside (100 mg/kg/d, p. o.) significantly ameliorated the formation of atherosclerotic lesions and barrier injury aggravated by 7-weeks IH (21%–5%–21%, 120 s/cycle). In human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), exposure to IH (21%–5%–21%, 40 min/cycle, 72 cycles) decreased transendothelial electrical resistance and protein expression of vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) and zonula occludens 1. In addition, IH promoted ROS production and activated ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA)/Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) pathway. All of these effects of IH were reversed by salidroside. Similar to salidroside, ROCK-selective inhibitors Y26732, and Fasudil protected HUVECs from IH-induced ROS overproduction and endothelial barrier disruption. Furthermore, salidroside increased intracellular cAMP levels, while the PKA-selective inhibitor H-89 attenuated the effects of salidroside on IH-induced RhoA/ROCK suppression, ROS scavenging, and barrier protection. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that salidroside effectively ameliorated IH-aggravated endothelial barrier injury and atherosclerosis, largely through the cAMP/PKA/RhoA signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linyi Li
- The Key Laboratory of Upper Airway Dysfunction-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Yunyun Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Upper Airway Dysfunction-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Huina Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Upper Airway Dysfunction-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Yunhui Du
- The Key Laboratory of Upper Airway Dysfunction-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolu Jiao
- The Key Laboratory of Upper Airway Dysfunction-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Huahui Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Upper Airway Dysfunction-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Upper Airway Dysfunction-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Qianwen Lv
- The Key Laboratory of Upper Airway Dysfunction-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Upper Airway Dysfunction-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuju Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Upper Airway Dysfunction-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Yanwen Qin
- The Key Laboratory of Upper Airway Dysfunction-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Li S, Sun X, Bi L, Tong Y, Liu X. Research Progress on Natural Product Ingredients' Therapeutic Effects on Parkinson's Disease by Regulating Autophagy. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2021; 2021:5538200. [PMID: 33981351 PMCID: PMC8088354 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5538200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease in middle-aged and older adults. Abnormal proteins such as α-synuclein are essential factors in PD's pathogenesis. Autophagy is the main participant in the clearance of abnormal proteins. The overactive or low function of autophagy leads to autophagy stress. Not only is it difficult to clear abnormal proteins but also it can cause damage to neurons. In this article, the effects of natural products ingredients, such as salidroside, paeoniflorin, curcumin, resveratrol, corynoxine, and baicalein, on regulating autophagy and protecting neurons were discussed in detail to provide a reference for the research and development of drugs for the treatment of PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sicong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Bi
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yujia Tong
- Institute of Medical Information, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| |
Collapse
|