1
|
Wepukhulu M, Wachira P, Huria N, Sifuna P, Essuman S, Asamba M. Optimization of Growth Conditions for Chlorpyrifos-Degrading Bacteria in Farm Soils in Nakuru County, Kenya. Biomed Res Int 2024; 2024:1611871. [PMID: 38304346 PMCID: PMC10834098 DOI: 10.1155/2024/1611871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CP) is a chlorinated organophosphate pesticide. In Kenya, it is commonly used as an acaricide, particularly in dairy farming, leading to soil and water contamination. The study is aimed at isolating bacteria with CP-degrading potential and optimizing their growth conditions, including temperature, pH, and CP concentration. The enrichment culture technique was used, with minimal salt medium (MSM) supplemented with commercial grade CP. A multilevel factorial design was used to investigate the interactions of temperature, pH, and CP concentration. According to the findings, seven bacterial strains with potential to degrade CP were characterized and identified as Alcaligenes faecalis, Bacillus weihenstephanensis, Bacillus toyonensis, Alcaligenes sp. strain SCAU23, Pseudomonas sp. strain PB845W, Brevundimonas diminuta, and uncultured bacterium clone 99. Growth and biodegradation of bacteria differed significantly among the isolates across pH value, temperature, and concentrations (P ≤ 0.05). The optimum conditions for growth were pH 7, temperature of 25°C, and 25mg/l chlorpyrifos concentration, while optimum degradation conditions were pH 5, temp 25°C, and CP conc. 25mg/l. The Pearson correlation between optimum growth and degradation showed a weak positive relationship (R = 0.1144) for pH and strong positive relationship for temperature and concentration of chlorpyrifos. Other than pH, the study shows that there could be other cofactors facilitating the chlorpyrifos degradation process. The findings show that an efficient consortium, at 25°C and pH 5, can include Bacillus toyonensis 20SBZ2B and Alcaligenes sp. SCAU23 as they showed high optical density (OD) values under these conditions. These results indicate the potential for these bacteria to be employed in chlorpyrifos-contaminated ecosystem detoxification efforts upon manipulation of natural growth conditions. The findings of this study offer a potential foundation for future research into the reconstitution of a consortium. Based on the optimum conditions identified, the isolated bacterial strains could be further developed into a consortium to effectively degrade CP in both laboratory and field conditions. Dairy farmers can utilize the isolated strains and the consortia to decontaminate farm soils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Wepukhulu
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-0100, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resources, Tharaka University, Marimanti, Kenya
| | - Peter Wachira
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-0100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Nderitu Huria
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-0100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Paul Sifuna
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mount Kenya University, P.O. Box 342-01000, Thika, Kenya
| | - Suliman Essuman
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mount Kenya University, P.O. Box 342-01000, Thika, Kenya
| | - Micah Asamba
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Biotechnology, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844, Nairobi, Kenya
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tiwari H, Tripathi P, Sonwani RK, Singh RS. A synergistic approach combining Adsorption and Biodegradation for effective treatment of Acid Blue 113 dye by Klebsiella grimontii entrapped Graphene Oxide-Calcium Alginate Hydrogel Beads. Bioresour Technol 2023; 387:129614. [PMID: 37541548 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the degradation of Acid Blue 113 (AB 113) dye using Klebsiella grimontii entrapped Graphene Oxide-Calcium Alginate Hydrogel beads (KG-GO-CA) in a Fluidized Bed Bioreactor (FBBR) under varying inlet loading rates. The minimum fluidization velocity of the KG-GO-CA hydrogel beads in FBBR was found to be 0.15 mm/s. The KG-GO-CA beads showed a maximum removal efficiency of 94.6% at an inlet flow rate of 20 mL/h over 15 days. Reusability studies indicated a removal efficiency of 70.6 ± 2.5% for AB 113 after the 12th cycle. Langmuir adsorption isotherm showed the best fit (R2 = 0.98724) with model parameters of Qm (203.83 mg/g) and Ki (0.0101 L/g). The study also confirmed that treated wastewater was more environmentally safe for domestic and commercial uses than untreated wastewater. The research highlights the potential use of KG-GO-CA hydrogel beads for removing dyes from wastewater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Tiwari
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pranjal Tripathi
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravi Kumar Sonwani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Petroleum and Energy (IIPE), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh 530003, India
| | - Ram Sharan Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Silori R, Zang J, Raval NP, Giri BS, Mahlknecht J, Mora A, Dueñas-Moreno J, Tauseef SM, Kumar M. Adsorptive removal of ciprofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole from aqueous matrices using sawdust and plastic waste-derived biochar: A sustainable fight against antibiotic resistance. Bioresour Technol 2023; 387:129537. [PMID: 37488012 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
We produced carbon-negative biochar from the pyrolysis of sawdust biomass alone (SB) and from the co-pyrolysis of sawdust and plastic waste (SPB). The co-pyrolysis approach in this study was driven by several hypothetical factors, such as increased porosity, surface chemistry, stability, as well as waste management. We applied pyrolyzed and co-pyrolyzed biochars for the removal of ciprofloxacin (CFX) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX). Due to its more alkaline and amorphous nature, SB showed better removal efficiencies compared to SPB. The maximum removals of CFX and SMX with SB were observed as ∼95% and >95%, respectively whereas with SPB were 58.8%, and 34.9%, respectively. The primary mechanisms involved in the adsorption process were H-bonding, electrostatic and π-π electron donor-acceptor interactions. Homogenously and heterogeneously driven adsorption of both antibiotics followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, implying electron sharing/transfer (chemisorption) mediated adsorption. The work is highly pertinent in the context of emerging concerns related to drivers that promote antimicrobial resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Silori
- Sustainability Cluster, School of Advanced Engineering, UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
| | - Jian Zang
- Department of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, China
| | - Nirav P Raval
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, KSKV Kachchh University, Bhuj-Kachchh, Gujarat, 370001, India
| | - Balendu Shekher Giri
- Sustainability Cluster, School of Advanced Engineering, UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
| | - Jürgen Mahlknecht
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterey, Monterrey, 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Abrahan Mora
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Puebla, Atlixcáyotl 5718, Puebla de Zaragoza, 72453, Puebla, México
| | - Jaime Dueñas-Moreno
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Puebla, Atlixcáyotl 5718, Puebla de Zaragoza, 72453, Puebla, México
| | - Syed Mohammad Tauseef
- Sustainability Cluster, School of Advanced Engineering, UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Sustainability Cluster, School of Advanced Engineering, UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterey, Monterrey, 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rezaee A, Ahmady-Asbchin S. Removal of toxic metal Cd (II) by Serratia bozhouensis CdIW2 using in moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR). J Environ Manage 2023; 344:118361. [PMID: 37348303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
The use of bioreactor technology to treat industrial wastewater containing heavy metals has created new perspectives. Cadmium metal is one of the toxic heavy metals that have harmful effects on human health and the environment. This research work presents a comprehensive approach for aqueous cadmium removal through biosorption in a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR). The bacterium resistant to Cd(II) (350 mg/L) CdIW2 was selected among 8 cadmium tolerant bacteria isolated from the industrial wastewater of the metal industry. 16S rRNA gene and phenotypic analysis showed that the bacterium CdIW2 is similar to Serratia bozhouensis. The highest biosorption capacity of 65.79 mg/g was acquired in optimal conditions (30 min, pH = 6, 0.5 g/L, and 35 °C). The biosorption of the CdIW2 strain was consistent with the Langmuir isotherm and the pseudo-second order kinetic and showed the process's spontaneous thermodynamic and endothermic results. The removal rate 91.74% of MBBR in batch mode was obtained in 72 h and 10 mg/L of Cd(II). Furthermore, continuous mode bioreactor analysis has shown high efficiency at intel loading rates of 6-36 mg/L. day for cadmium removal. The second order kinetic (Grau) was chosen as the suitable model for modeling the MBBR process. Although several studies have evaluated the removal of various types of heavy metals, none of the studies involved the use of a metal-resistant strain in an MBBR bioreactor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Rezaee
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.
| | - Salman Ahmady-Asbchin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Maurya KL, Swain G, Kumar M, Sonwani RK, Verma A, Singh RS. Biodegradation of Congo Red Dye Using Lysinibacillus Species in a Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor: Continuous Study and Kinetic Evaluation. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:5267-5279. [PMID: 36988848 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04425-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to develop a low-cost and efficient biocarrier for biodegradation of azo dye (i.e., Congo red (CR) dye). The potential bacterial species, i.e., Lysinibacillus fusiformis KLM1 and Lysinibacillus macrolides KLM2, were isolated from the dye-contaminated site. These bacterial species were immobilized onto the polypropylene-polyurethane foam (PP-PUF) and employed in a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) for the treatment of CR dye. The effectiveness of the MBBR was investigated by operating the bioreactor in a continuous mode at various initial CR dye concentrations (50-250 mg/L) for 113 days. The removal efficiency was found in the range of 88.4-64.6% when the initial dye concentration was varied from 50 to 250 mg/L. The maximum elimination capacity (EC) of 213.18 mg/L.d was found at 250 mg/L of CR dye concentration. In addition, the CR dye utilization rate in the MBBR was studied by using two kinetics, namely, first-order and second-order (Grau) models. The high regression coefficients (R2 > 0.97) and the satisfactory root mean square (RMSE) values (0.00096-0.02610) indicated the reasonable prediction of CR dye degradation rate by the Grau model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanhaiya Lal Maurya
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Ganesh Swain
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Mohit Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Ravi Kumar Sonwani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Petroleum and Energy (IIPE), Visakhapatnam, 530003, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Ankur Verma
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Ram Sharan Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi, 221005, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Levío-Raimán M, Bornhardt C, Diez MC. Biodegradation of Iprodione and Chlorpyrifos Using an Immobilized Bacterial Consortium in a Packed-Bed Bioreactor. Microorganisms 2023; 11. [PMID: 36677512 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This work provides the basis for implementing a continuous treatment system using a bacterial consortium for wastewater containing a pesticide mixture of iprodione (IPR) and chlorpyrifos (CHL). Two bacterial strains (Achromobacter spanius C1 and Pseudomonas rhodesiae C4) isolated from the biomixture of a biopurification system were able to efficiently remove pesticides IPR and CHL at different concentrations (10 to 100 mg L-1) from the liquid medium as individual strains and free consortium. The half-life time (T1/2) for IPR and CHL was determined for individual strains and a free bacterial consortium. However, when the free bacterial consortium was used, a lower T1/2 was obtained, especially for CHL. Based on these results, an immobilized bacterial consortium was formulated with each bacterial strain encapsulated individually in alginate beads. Then, different inoculum concentrations (5, 10, and 15% w/v) of the immobilized consortium were evaluated in batch experiments for IPR and CHL removal. The inoculum concentration of 15% w/v demonstrated the highest pesticide removal. Using this inoculum concentration, the packed-bed bioreactor with an immobilized bacterial consortium was operated in continuous mode at different flow rates (30, 60, and 90 mL h-1) at a pesticide concentration of 50 mg L-1 each. The performance in the bioreactor demonstrated that it is possible to efficiently remove a pesticide mixture of IPR and CHL in a continuous system. The metabolites 3,5-dichloroaniline (3,5-DCA) and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) were produced, and a slight accumulation of TCP was observed. The bioreactor was influenced by TCP accumulation but was able to recover performance quickly. Finally, after 60 days of operation, the removal efficiency was 96% for IPR and 82% for CHL. The findings of this study demonstrate that it is possible to remove IPR and CHL from pesticide-containing wastewater in a continuous system.
Collapse
|
7
|
Tiwari H, Sonwani RK, Singh RS. A comprehensive evaluation of the integrated photocatalytic-fixed bed bioreactor system for the treatment of Acid Blue 113 dye. Bioresour Technol 2022; 364:128037. [PMID: 36174900 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This work investigated the performance of the integrated system (i.e., a Photocatalytic reactor followed by a Fixed bed bioreactor (PC-FBR)) for the degradation of complex Acid Blue 113 from wastewater. Initially, a Photocatalytic reactor was employed to improve the biodegradability index (i.e., BOD/COD) of wastewater from 0.21 ± 0.0062 to 0.395 ± 0.0058. The preliminary photocatalytic oxidation study revealed a maximum of 86.42 ± 0.33 % dye removal at TiO2 loading of 1.5 g/L and an initial concentration of 50 mg/L of AB 113. An integrated reactor system significantly achieved a maximum of 92 ± 2.6 % of dye removal efficiency under a retention time of 120 hr. The stand-alone FBR dye shock loading study suggested that the reactor system was reasonably able to further restore its degradation efficiency. Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic model, Monod model, and Andrew-Haldane model were fitted. The bacterial toxicity assessment was carried out using the Pseudomonas fluorescens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Tiwari
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravi Kumar Sonwani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Petroleum and Energy (IIPE), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh 530003, India
| | - Ram Sharan Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Singh Y, Saxena MK. Insights into the recent advances in nano-bioremediation of pesticides from the contaminated soil. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:982611. [PMID: 36338076 PMCID: PMC9626991 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.982611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present scenario, the uncontrolled and irrational use of pesticides is affecting the environment, agriculture and livelihood worldwide. The excessive application of pesticides for better production of crops and to maintain sufficient food production is leading to cause many serious environmental issues such as soil pollution, water pollution and also affecting the food chain. The efficient management of pesticide use and remediation of pesticide-contaminated soil is one of the most significant challenges to overcome. The efficiency of the current methods of biodegradation of pesticides using different microbes and enzymes depends on the various physical and chemical conditions of the soil and they have certain limitations. Hence, a novel strategy is the need of the hour to safeguard the ecosystem from the serious environmental hazard. In recent years, the application of nanomaterials has drawn attention in many areas due to their unique properties of small size and increased surface area. Nanotechnology is considered to be a promising and effective technology in various bioremediation processes and provides many significant benefits for improving the environmental technologies using nanomaterials with efficient performance. The present article focuses on and discusses the role, application and importance of nano-bioremediation of pesticides and toxic pollutants to explore the potential of nanomaterials in the bioremediation of hazardous compounds from the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mumtesh Kumar Saxena
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lin Y. Kinetic Study of 4-Chlorophenol Biodegradation by Acclimated Sludge in a Packed Bed Reactor. Processes (Basel) 2022; 10:2130. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10102130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, batch experiments were conducted to evaluate the degradation of 4-CP using acclimated sludge. The Monod and Haldane models were employed to fit the specific growth rate with various initial 4-CP concentrations of 67–412 mg/L in the batch experiments. Haldane kinetics showed a better fit to experimental results than Monod kinetics. The kinetic parameters were obtained from a comparison of Monod and Haldane kinetics with batch experimental data. The values of μm and KS were found to be 0.691 d−1 and 5.62 mg/L, respectively, for Monod kinetics. In contrast, the values of μm, KS, and KI were 1.30 d−1, 8.38 mg/L, and 279.4 mg/L, respectively, for Haldane kinetics. The kinetic parameters in Haldane kinetics were used as input parameters for the kinetic model system of the packed bed reactor (PBR). The continuous flow PBR was conducted to validate the kinetic model system. The model-simulated results agreed well with experimental data in the PBR performance operation. At the steady-state stage, the removal efficiency of 4-CP was 70.8–96.1%, while the hydraulic retention time (HRT) was 2.5 to 12.4 h. The corresponding removal of 4-CP was assessed to be 94.6 and 96.1% when the inlet 4-CP loading rate was increased from 0.11 to 0.51 kg/m3-d. The approaches of kinetic models and experiments presented in this study can be applied to design a PBR for 4-CP treatment in wastewater from the effluents of various industries.
Collapse
|
10
|
Moura A, Delforno T, Rabelo C, Kumar G, Silva E, Varesche M. Iron and Nickel nanoparticles role in volatile fatty acids production enhancement: functional genes and bacterial taxonomy in an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
11
|
Farag AM, El-Naggar MY, Ghanem KM. 2,4-Dichlorophenol biotransformation using immobilized marine halophilic Bacillus subtilis culture and laccase enzyme: application in wastewater treatment. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2022; 20:134. [PMID: 36112327 PMCID: PMC9481827 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-022-00417-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background 2,4-Dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) is a very toxic aromatic compound for humans and the environment and is highly resistant to degradation. Therefore, it is necessary to develop efficient remediation and cost-effective approaches to this pollutant. Microbial enzymes such as laccases can degrade phenols, but limited information is known about immobilized bacterial laccase and their reuse. Methods Immobilization of marine halophilic Bacillus subtilis AAK cultures via entrapment and adsorption techniques and degradation of different phenolic compounds by immobilized cells were estimated. Partial purification and immobilization of laccase enzymes were carried out. In addition, the biodegradation of 2,4-DCP and others contaminated by wastewater was investigated. Results Immobilization of cells and partially purified laccase enzymes by adsorption into 3% alginate increased 2,4-DCP biotransformation compared with free cells and free enzymes. In addition, the reuse of both the immobilized culture and laccase enzymes was evaluated. The highest removal of 2,4-DCP from pulp and paper wastewater samples inoculated by immobilized cells and the immobilized enzyme was 90% and 95%, respectively, at 50 h and 52 h of incubation, compared to free cells and free enzyme. Conclusion The results of this study have revealed the immobilization of a biocatalyst and its laccase enzyme as a promising technique for enhancing the degradation of 2,4-DCP and other toxic phenolic and aromatic compounds. The reuse of the biocatalyst and its laccase enzyme enabled the application of this cost-effective bioremediation strategy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s43141-022-00417-1.
Collapse
|
12
|
Bourguignon N, Alessandrello M, Booth R, Lobo CB, Juárez Tomás MS, Cumbal L, Perez M, Bhansali S, Ferrero M, Lerner B. Bioremediation on a chip: A portable microfluidic device for efficient screening of bacterial biofilm with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon removal capacity. Chemosphere 2022; 303:135001. [PMID: 35605730 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are pollutants of critical environmental and public health concern and their elimination from contaminated sites is significant for the environment. Biodegradation studies have demonstrated the ability of bacteria in biofilm conformation to enhance the biodegradation of pollutants. In this study, we used our newly developed microfluidic platform to explore biofilm development, properties, and applications of fluid flow, as a new technique for screening PAHs-degrading biofilms. The optimization and evaluation of the flow condition in the microchannels were performed through computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The formation of biofilms by PAHs-degrading bacteria Pseudomonas sp. P26 and Gordonia sp. H19, as pure cultures and co-culture, was obtained in the developed microchips. The removal efficiencies of acenaphthene, fluoranthene and pyrene were determined by HPLC. All the biofilms formed in the microchips removed all tested PAHs, with the higher removal percentages observed with the Pseudomonas sp. P26 biofilm (57.4% of acenaphthene, 40.9% of fluoranthene, and 28.9% of pyrene). Pseudomonas sp. P26 biofilm removed these compounds more efficiently than planktonic cultures. This work proved that the conformation of biofilms enhances the removal rate. It also provided a new tool to rapid and low-cost screen for effective pollutant-degrading biofilms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Bourguignon
- IREN Center, National Technological University, Buenos Aires, 1706, Argentina; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33174, USA
| | - Mauricio Alessandrello
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI, CONICET), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Ross Booth
- Roche Sequencing Solutions, Inc., 4300 Hacienda Dr, Pleasanton, CA, 94588, USA
| | - Constanza Belén Lobo
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI, CONICET), Tucumán, Argentina
| | | | - Luis Cumbal
- Centro de Nanociencia y Nanotecnologia, Universidad de Las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Av. Gral. Rumiñahui s/n, Sangolqui, P.O. BOX 171-5-231B, Ecuador
| | - Maximiliano Perez
- IREN Center, National Technological University, Buenos Aires, 1706, Argentina; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33174, USA
| | - Shekhar Bhansali
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33174, USA
| | - Marcela Ferrero
- YPF Tecnologia, Av. del Petróleo Argentino, 900-1198, Berisso, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Betiana Lerner
- IREN Center, National Technological University, Buenos Aires, 1706, Argentina; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33174, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Santal AR, Rani R, Kumar A, Sharma JK, Singh NP. Biodegradation and detoxification of textile dyes using a novel bacterium Bacillus sp. AS2 for sustainable environmental cleanup. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2022.2113518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Rani Santal
- Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Ritu Rani
- Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | | | - Nater Pal Singh
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lal Maurya K, Swain G, Kumar Sonwani R, Verma A, Sharan Singh R. Biodegradation of Congo red dye using polyurethane foam-based biocarrier combined with activated carbon and sodium alginate: Batch and continuous study. Bioresour Technol 2022; 351:126999. [PMID: 35292380 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dyes are an important class of organic pollutants and are well known for their adverse effects on aquatic life and human beings. In this work, an effort has been made to treat the dye-containing wastewater using modified biocarriers in packed bed bioreactors (PBBRs). Lysinibacillus sp. immobilized polyurethane foam combined with activated carbon and sodium alginate was used for the biodegradation of Congo red dye. The optimum values of process time, glucose concentration, and dye concentration were obtained to be 4.0 days, 2.0 g/L, and 50 mg/L, respectively. The maximum dye removal efficiency (RE) of 92.63 % was obtained at the optimized conditions. The continuous PBBR offered a maximum RE and elimination capacity of 90.73% and 10.89 mg/L. d, respectively, at an inlet loading rate of 12 mg/L. d. Moreover, the growth kinetic of Lysinibacillus sp. was well predicted by the Andrew-Haldane model with a regression coefficient of 0.98.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanhaiya Lal Maurya
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ganesh Swain
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravi Kumar Sonwani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Petroleum and Energy (IIPE), Visakhapatnam 530003, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Ankur Verma
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ram Sharan Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Patel N, Shahane S, Bhunia B, Mishra U, Chaudhary VK, Srivastav AL. Biodegradation of 4-chlorophenol in batch and continuous packed bed reactor by isolated Bacillus subtilis. J Environ Manage 2022; 301:113851. [PMID: 34597952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In present work, biodegradation of 4-Chlorophenol (4-CP) has been successfully achieved using bacteria i.e. Bacillus subtilis (MF447841.1), which was isolated from the wastewater of a nearby drain of Hyundai Motor Company service centre, Agartala, Tripura (India). Geonomic identification was carried out by 16 S rDNA technique and phylogenetic processes. Both, batch and column mode of experiments were performed to optimize various parameters (initial concentration, contact time, dosages etc.) involved in the significant biodegradation of 4-CP. Based on R2 value (0.9789), the Levenspiel's model was found to be best fit than others. The kinetic parameters; specific growth rate (μ), yield of cell mass (YX/S), and saturation constant (KS), were obtained as 0.6383 (h-1), 0.35 (g/g), and 0.006884 (g/L), respectively. The isolated strain has shown the ability of degrading 4-CP up to 1000 mg/L initial concentration within 40 h. Bacterial strain was immobilized via developing calcium alginate beads along by optimizing weight proportion of calcium chloride and sodium alginate and size of the bead for further experiments. Various process parameters i.e. initial feed concentration, bed height, rate of flow of were optimized during packed bed reactor (PBR) study. Maximum biodegradation efficiency of 4-CP was observed as 45.39% at initial concentration of 500 mg/L within 105 min, using 2 mm size of immobilized beads which were formed using 3.5% w/v of both calcium chloride and sodium alginate within. Thus, Bacillus subtilis (MF447841.1) could be used for biological remediation of 4-CP pollutant present in wastewater. Moreover, because of affordable and eco-friendly nature of water treatment, relatively it has the better scope of commercialization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Patel
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Agartala, Tripura, India; Department of Civil Engineering, Institute of Engineering & Technology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Awadh University, Ayodhya, 224001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shraddha Shahane
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Agartala, Tripura, India
| | - Biswanath Bhunia
- Department of Bio Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Agartala, Tripura, India.
| | - Umesh Mishra
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Agartala, Tripura, India
| | - Vinod Kumar Chaudhary
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Awadh University, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arun Lal Srivastav
- Chitkara University School of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, 174103, India.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sonwani RK, Kim KH, Zhang M, Tsang YF, Lee SS, Giri BS, Singh RS, Rai BN. Construction of biotreatment platforms for aromatic hydrocarbons and their future perspectives. J Hazard Mater 2021; 416:125968. [PMID: 34492879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aromatic hydrocarbons (AHCs) are one of the major environmental pollutants introduced from both natural and anthropogenic sources. Many AHCs are well known for their toxic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic impact on human health and ecological systems. Biodegradation is an eco-friendly and cost-effective option as microorganisms (e.g., bacteria, fungi, and algae) can efficiently breakdown or transform such pollutants into less harmful and simple metabolites (e.g., carbon dioxide (aerobic), methane (anaerobic), water, and inorganic salts). This paper is organized to offer a state-of-the-art review on the biodegradation of AHCs (monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (MAHs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)) and associated mechanisms. The recent progress in biological treatment using suspended and attached growth bioreactors for the biodegradation of AHCs is also discussed. In addition, various substrate growth and inhibition models are introduced along with the key factors governing their biodegradation kinetics. The growth and inhibition models have helped gain a better understanding of substrate inhibition in biodegradation. Techno-economic analysis (TEA) and life cycle assessment (LCA) aspects are also described to assess the technical, economical, and environmental impacts of the biological treatment system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kumar Sonwani
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yiu Fai Tsang
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, New Territories 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Sang Soo Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Balendu Shekher Giri
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ram Sharan Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Birendra Nath Rai
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gautam RK, Goswami M, Mishra RK, Chaturvedi P, Awashthi MK, Singh RS, Giri BS, Pandey A. Biochar for remediation of agrochemicals and synthetic organic dyes from environmental samples: A review. Chemosphere 2021; 272:129917. [PMID: 35534974 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Application of agrochemicals in farming sector to control insects and pests; and use of synthetic organic dyes to color the products are increasing continuously due to the rapid growth of industries. During the application process many industries releases toxic agrochemicals and dyes in to the aquatic environment and on land without the proper treatment. Due to their toxicity the disposal of such chemicals is of utmost importance. Biochar offers the ability to remediate these substances from environmental matrices because of their high sorption ability of pollutants from water and soil. This review highlights the development and advancement of biochar-based treatment for abatement of agrochemicals and synthetic organic dyes, involving its technical aspects and the variables connected with removing these kinds of pollutants. Several optimization parameters like temperature, pH, chemical concentration, biochar properties, time, and co-existing ions have been elaborated. Literature survey shows that most of the researches on biochar application have been conducted in the batch mode. Hence there is an urgent need to apply this beneficial technique for the remediation of pollutants at the larger scale in the real water and soil samples. A comprehensive summary on sorption kinetics and adsorption isotherms with regards to pollutant removal is also presented. This review also covers the cost analysis of various techniques where biochar has been used as an adsorbent. Thus this review makes an easy roadmap for the further development in biochar and biochar based composites and expansion of these demanding areas of research in biochar and their applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Kumar Gautam
- Department of Chemistry (Centre of Advanced Study), Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Mandavi Goswami
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability (CEES), Lucknow, 226 029, UP, India.
| | - Rakesh K Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Uttarakhand (NITUK), Srinagar (Garhwal), 246174, India
| | - Preeti Chaturvedi
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, M.G. Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awashthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, PR China
| | - Ram Sharan Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Balendu Shekhar Giri
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability (CEES), Lucknow, 226 029, UP, India.
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, 226 001, India.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Farhan M, Ahmad M, Kanwal A, Butt ZA, Khan QF, Raza SA, Qayyum H, Wahid A. Biodegradation of chlorpyrifos using isolates from contaminated agricultural soil, its kinetic studies. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10320. [PMID: 33990630 PMCID: PMC8121937 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88264-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive pesticides use is negatively disturbing the environment and humans. Pesticide bioremediation with eco-friendly techniques bears prime importance. This study evaluates the bioremediation of chlorpyrifos in soil using indigenous Bacillus cereus Ct3, isolated from cotton growing soils. Strains were identified through ribotyping (16s rRNA) by Macrogen (Macrogen Inc. Geumchen-gu, South Korea). Bacillus cereus Ct3 was resistant up to 125 mg L−1 of chlorpyrifos and successfully degraded 88% of chlorpyfifos in 8 days at pH 8. Bacillus cereus Ct3 tolerated about 30–40 °C of temperature, this is a good sign for in situ bioremediation. Green compost, farmyard manure and rice husk were tested, where ANOVA (P < 0.05) and Plackett–Burman design, results indicated that the farm yard manure has significant impact on degradation. It reduced the lag phase and brought maximum degradation up to 88%. Inoculum size is a statistically significant (P < 0.05) factor and below 106 (CFU g−1) show lag phase of 4–6 days. Michaelis–Menten model results were as follows; R2 = 0.9919, Vmax = 18.8, Ks = 121.4 and Vmax/Ks = 0.1546. GC–MS study revealed that chlorpyrifos first converted into diethylthiophosphoric acid and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP). Later, TCP ring was broken and it was completely mineralized without any toxic byproduct. Plackett–Burman design was employed to investigate the effect of five factors. The correlation coefficient (R2) between experimental and predicted value is 0.94. Central composite design (CBD) was employed with design matrix of thirty one predicted and experimental values of chlorpyrifos degradation, having “lack of fit P value” of “0.00”. The regression coefficient obtained was R2 = 0.93 which indicate that the experimental vales and the predicted values are closely fitted. The most significant factors highlighted in CBD/ANOVA and surface response plots were chlorpyrifor concentration and inoculum size. Bacillus cereus Ct3 effectively degraded chlorpyrifos and can successfully be used for bioremediation of chlorpyrifos contaminated soils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Farhan
- Sustainable Development Study Center, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Maqsood Ahmad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Baluchistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Amina Kanwal
- Department of Botany, Government College Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Zahid Ali Butt
- Department of Botany, Government College Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Qaiser Farid Khan
- Sustainable Development Study Center, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Syed Ali Raza
- Directorate of Land Reclamation, Irrigation Department, Lahore, Pakistan.,Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Haleema Qayyum
- Sustainable Development Study Center, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wahid
- Department of Environmental Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mosleh S, Rezaei K, Dashtian K, Salehi Z. Ce/Eu redox couple functionalized HKUST-1 MOF insight to sono-photodegradation of malathion. J Hazard Mater 2021; 409:124478. [PMID: 33239207 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Ce/Eu redox pair-functionalized HKUST-1 MOF, as an innovative environmentally friendly and recyclable sono-photocatalyst, was hydrothermally mixed and fully characterized by XRD, PL, EIS, FE-SEM, EDS, Mott-Schottky, chronoamperometry, and DRS techniques. The obtained chemical and optical characteristics of the n-type Ce/Eu-HKUST-1 MOF showed that the transfer of additional 4f orbital electrons in the Ce/Eu redox pair improves the sono-photocatalytic activity. The performance of Ce/Eu-HKUST-1 MOF for the sono-photodegradation of Malathion (MA) was evaluated in the aqueous media in the simultaneous presence of blue light and ultrasonic irradiation. The optimization of the process was cross-examined using the response surface methodology as a function of the MA concentration (15-35 mg·L-1), Ce/Eu-HKUST-1 mass (10-30 mg), pH (4-12), and ultrasonic wave irradiation duration (10-30 min). The maximum sono-photocatalytic degradation capacity was found to be 99.99% under the optimum conditions set as 25 mg·L-1, 20 mg, 8, and 25 min for the concentration of Malathion, photocatalyst mass, pH, and irradiation duration, respectively. These findings were attributed to the suppression of electron-hole pair recombination, increased life-time of charge carriers, enhanced visible light absorption, and prominent proportion of hydroxyl and peroxide radicals formed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soleiman Mosleh
- Department of Gas and Petroleum, Yasouj University, Gachsaran 75918-74831, Iran.
| | - Khalil Rezaei
- Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kheibar Dashtian
- Chemistry Department, Yasouj University, Yasouj 75918-74831, Iran.
| | - Zaker Salehi
- Department of Radiation Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chaturvedi A, Rai BN, Singh RS, Jaiswal RP. A Computational Approach to Incorporate Metabolite Inhibition in the Growth Kinetics of Indigenous Bacterial Strain Bacillus subtilis MN372379 in the Treatment of Wastewater Containing Congo Red Dye. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 193:2128-2144. [PMID: 33665772 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03538-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A rigorous knowledge of the bacterial growth kinetics is essential for the scaling-up and optimization of biodegradation process conditions in a bioreactor. Although a great deal of literature is available on the modeling of bacterial growth kinetics considering the inhibition at high substrate-loading, the inhibition caused by toxic metabolic byproducts was not accounted in the bacterial growth kinetics. This work primarily aimed at developing a parametric bacterial growth model to account for metabolite inhibition, indicated by a decelerating log-phase growth, which was rarely discussed in the previous studies. An efficient azo-dye degrading bacterium (Bacillus subtilis MN372379) was isolated from the sludge-waste nearby a carpet-dyeing unit. The isolated bacterial strain was used to decolorize the simulated wastewater containing Congo red dye. This study proposed a computational approach to calculate specific bacterial growth rate time-averaged over the entire sigmoidal log phase (including the decelerating phase) for incorporating the effect of metabolite-inhibition, in contrast to the conventional studies where only the initial part (accelerating) of log phase was considered. The nature of metabolite inhibition was also determined and found to be non-competitive. Next, the computed time-averaged specific bacterial growth rate was incorporated into three substrate inhibition models to account for both, the metabolite and substrate inhibitions, and subsequently their kinetic parameters were also determined. Finally, the initial dye concentration and inoculum size were optimized to yield maximum dye utilization rate. This study paves the way for predicting bacterial growth kinetic with improved accuracy to enable a better optimization of bioreactors at the industrial scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Chaturvedi
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), BHU, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Birendra N Rai
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), BHU, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Ram S Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), BHU, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Ravi P Jaiswal
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), BHU, Varanasi, 221005, India.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Swain G, Singh S, Sonwani R, Singh R, Jaiswal RP, Rai B. Removal of Acid Orange 7 dye in a packed bed bioreactor: Process optimization using response surface methodology and kinetic study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 13:100620. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2020.100620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
22
|
Kumar M, Mahajan R, Saini HS. Evaluating metabolic potential of Thauera sp. M9 for the transformation of 4-chloroaniline (4-CA). Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
23
|
Sonwani RK, Giri BS, Jaiswal RP, Singh RS, Rai BN. Performance evaluation of a continuous packed bed bioreactor: Bio-kinetics and external mass transfer study. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 201:110860. [PMID: 32563162 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The biodegradation of naphthalene using low-density polyethylene (LDPE) immobilized Exiguobacterium sp. RKS3 (MG696729) in a packed bed bioreactor (PBBR) was studied. The performance of a continuous PBBR was evaluated at different inlet flow rates (IFRs) (20-100 mL/h) under 64 days of operation. The maximum naphthalene removal efficiency (RE) was found at low IFR, and it further decreased with increasing IFRs. In a continuous PBBR, the external mass transfer (EMT) aspect was analysed at various IFRs, and experimental data were interrelated between Colburn factor (JD) and Reynolds number (NRe) as [Formula: see text] . A new correlation [Formula: see text] was obtained to predict the EMT aspect of naphthalene biodegradation. Andrew-Haldane model was used to evaluate the bio-kinetic parameters of naphthalene degradation, and kinetic constant νmax, Js, and Ji were found as 0.386 per day, 13.6 mg/L, and 20.54 mg/L, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kumar Sonwani
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Balendu Shekhar Giri
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravi Prakash Jaiswal
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ram Sharan Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Birendra Nath Rai
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Whittington HD, Singh M, Ta C, Azcárate-Peril MA, Bruno-Bárcena JM. Accelerated Biodegradation of the Agrochemical Ametoctradin by Soil-Derived Microbial Consortia. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1898. [PMID: 32982997 PMCID: PMC7477900 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Pesticide-resistant plant pathogens are an increasing threat to the global food supply and have generated a need for novel, efficacious agrochemicals. The current regulatory process for approving new agrochemicals is a tedious but necessary process. One way to accelerate the safety evaluation process is to utilize in vitro systems to demonstrate pesticide degradation by soil microbes prior to ex vivo soil evaluations. This approach may have the capability to generate metabolic profiles free of inhibitory substances, such as humic acids, commonly present in ex vivo soil systems. In this study, we used a packed-bed microbial bioreactor to assess the role of the natural soil microbial community during biodegradation of the triazolopyrimidine fungicide, ametoctradin. Metabolite profiles produced during in vitro ametoctradin degradation were similar to the metabolite profiles obtained during environmental fate studies and demonstrated the degradation of 81% of the parent compound in 72 h compared to a half-life of 2 weeks when ametoctradin was left in the soil. The microbial communities of four different soil locations and the bioreactor microbiome were compared using high throughput sequencing. It was found that biodegradation of ametoctradin in both ex vivo soils and in vitro in the bioreactor correlated with an increase in the relative abundance of Burkholderiales, well characterized microbial degraders of xenobiotic compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hunter D Whittington
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Mahatam Singh
- BASF Corporation, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Chanh Ta
- BASF Corporation, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - M Andrea Azcárate-Peril
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and UNC Microbiome Core, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - José M Bruno-Bárcena
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Cedillo-herrera CIG, Roé-sosa A, Pat-espadas AM, Ramírez K, Rochín-medina J, Amabilis-sosa LE. Efficient Malathion Removal in Constructed Wetlands Coupled to UV/H2O2 Pretreatment. Applied Sciences 2020; 10:5306. [DOI: 10.3390/app10155306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Intensive agriculture has led to the increasing application of pesticides, such as malathion, thus generating large volumes of untreated cropland wastewater (CropWW). In this work, a hybrid system constructed wetlands (CW) coupled in continuous with an optimized UV/H2O2 pretreatment was evaluated for the efficient removal of malathion contained in CropWW. In the first stage, 90 min UV irradiation time (UV IR) and 65 mM hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were identified as optimal operation parameters through a central composite design. The second stage consisted of CW planted with Phragmites australis collected from the agricultural discharge area and operated as a piston flow reactor. Furthermore, CW hydraulic residence times (HRT) of 1, 2 and 3 days, including hydraulic coupling, were evaluated. The removal efficiencies obtained in the first stage (UV/H2O2) were 94 ± 2.5% of malathion and 45 ± 2.5% of total organic carbon (TOC). In stage two (CW) 65 ± 9.6% TOC removal was achieved during the first 17 days, from which around 24% was associated to the biosorption of malathion byproducts. Subsequently, and until the operation ends, CW removed about 80% of TOC for 2 and 3 days HRT, with no significant differences (p > 0.2), which is higher than those reported in several studies involving only advanced oxidation processes (AOP) with UV IR times above 240 min and even for systems using catalysts. The results obtained indicate that the system UV/H2O2-CW is a technically suitable option for the treatment of CropWW with a high content of malathion mainly found in developing countries. Moreover, the hybrid system proposed also represent significant reduction in the size of the treatment plant.
Collapse
|
26
|
Giri BS, Gun S, Pandey S, Trivedi A, Kapoor RT, Singh RP, Abdeldayem OM, Rene ER, Yadav S, Chaturvedi P, Sharma N, Singh RS. Reusability of brilliant green dye contaminated wastewater using corncob biochar and Brevibacillus parabrevis: hybrid treatment and kinetic studies. Bioengineered 2020; 11:743-758. [PMID: 32631112 PMCID: PMC8291847 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2020.1788353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This work highlights the potential of corncob biochar (CCBC) and Brevibacillus parabrevis for the decolorization of brilliant green (BG) dye from synthetically prepared contaminated wastewater. The CCBC was characterized by proximate, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis, respectively. Different parameters affecting the adsorption process were evaluated. The experimental results were analyzed by the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Kinetic results were examined by different models; pseudo-second-order model has shown the best fit to the experimental data. Anew positive values of ΔHo (172.58 kJ/mol) and ΔSo (569.97 J/K/mol) in the temperature range of 303-318 K revealed that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. The present investigation showed that the bacteria immobilized with CCBC showed better BG dye degradation. The kinetic parameters, μmax, Ks, and μ max, were found to be 0.5 per day, 39.4 mg/day, and 0.012 L/mg/day using Monod model, respectively. The adsorbent with bacteria showed good potential for the removal of cationic BG dye and can be considered for the remediation of industrial effluent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Balendu Shekher Giri
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, IIT(BHU) , Varanasi, India.,Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR) , Lucknow, India
| | - Sudeshna Gun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, NIT Durgapur , West, India
| | - Saurabh Pandey
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, IIT(BHU) , Varanasi, India
| | - Aparna Trivedi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Uiet CSJM University , Kanpur, India
| | | | | | - Omar M Abdeldayem
- Department of Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education , Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Eldon R Rene
- Department of Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education , Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Sudeep Yadav
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bundelkhand Institute of Engineering & Technology (BIET) , Jhanshi, India
| | - Preeti Chaturvedi
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR) , Lucknow, India
| | - Neha Sharma
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University , Noida, India
| | - Ram Sharan Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, IIT(BHU) , Varanasi, India
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Goswami M, Chaturvedi P, Kumar Sonwani R, Dutta Gupta A, Rani Singhania R, Shekher Giri B, Nath Rai B, Singh H, Yadav S, Sharan Singh R. Application of Arjuna (Terminalia arjuna) seed biochar in hybrid treatment system for the bioremediation of Congo red dye. Bioresour Technol 2020; 307:123203. [PMID: 32222690 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a hybrid treatment system (biological and ozonation) was developed and used in the decolorization of Congo red (CR) dye. The biological treatment was performed in packed bed bioreactor (PBBR) containing Arjuna (Terminalia Arjuna) seeds biochar immobilized with Providencia stuartii, whereas ozonation was carried out in an ozone reactor. The process variables such as temperature, process time, and inoculum size were optimized and found to be 30 °C, 2 48 h, and 3 × 105 CFU/mL, respectively with 92.0 ± 5.0% of dye decolorization. Furthermore, biologically treated effluent was subject to ozone treatment for the decolorization of the remaining CR dye. The hybrid approach reveals almost complete decolorization of Congo red (CR) dye. The kinetic study of microbial growth was examined by Monod model. In addition, the cost analysis estimation for the removal of CR dye was done, and removal per liter was found to be economic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mandavi Goswami
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India; Department of Chemical Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh 211004, India
| | - Preeti Chaturvedi
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, M.G. Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravi Kumar Sonwani
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Arijit Dutta Gupta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh 211004, India
| | - Reeta Rani Singhania
- Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow Sector 5, Vrindavan Yojna, Lucknow 226 025, UP, India
| | - Balendu Shekher Giri
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India; Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, M.G. Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Birendra Nath Rai
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Harinder Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh 211004, India
| | - Sudeep Yadav
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bundelkhand Institute of Engineering & Technology (BIET), Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh 284128, India
| | - Ram Sharan Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Swain G, Sonwani RK, Giri BS, Singh RS, Jaiswal RP, Rai BN. Collective removal of phenol and ammonia in a moving bed biofilm reactor using modified bio-carriers: Process optimization and kinetic study. Bioresour Technol 2020; 306:123177. [PMID: 32192956 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The performance of a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) with bio-carriers made of polypropylene-polyurethane foam (PP-PUF) was evaluated for the collective removal of phenol and ammonia. Three independent variables, including pH (5.0-8.0), retention time (2.0-12.0 h), and airflow rate (0.8-3.5 L/min) were optimized using central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM). The maximum removal of phenol and ammonia was obtained to be 92.6, and 91.8%, respectively, in addition to the removal of 72.3% in the chemical oxygen demand (COD) level at optimum conditions. First-order and second-order kinetic models were analyzed to evaluate the pollutants removal kinetics in a MBBR. Finally, a second-order model was found to be appropriate for predicting reaction kinetics. The values of second-order rate constants were obtained to be 2.35, 0.25, and 1.85 L2/gVSS gCOD h for phenol, COD, and ammonia removal, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Swain
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology IIT (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R K Sonwani
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology IIT (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - B S Giri
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology IIT (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R S Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology IIT (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravi P Jaiswal
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology IIT (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - B N Rai
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology IIT (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Shahi A, Rai BN, Singh RS. Biodegradation of Reactive Orange 16 Dye in Microbial Fuel Cell: An Innovative Way to Minimize Waste Along with Electricity Production. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 192:196-210. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03306-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
30
|
Sonwani RK, Swain G, Giri BS, Singh RS, Rai BN. Biodegradation of Congo red dye in a moving bed biofilm reactor: Performance evaluation and kinetic modeling. Bioresour Technol 2020; 302:122811. [PMID: 32000130 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.122811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The biodegradation of Congo red dye was performed using polyurethane foam-polypropylene immobilized Bacillus sp. MH587030.1 in a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR). The central composite design (CCD) based response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the process parameters; pH, Congo red concentration, and media filling ratio, and optimum conditions were observed to be 7.0, 50 mg/L, and 45%, respectively in batch MBBR. At optimum condition, MBBR was operated in continuous mode at different flow rates (25-100 mL/h) over a period of 564 h. The maximum removal efficiency (RE) and elimination capacity (EC) were obtained as 95.7% and 57.6 mg/L·day, respectively under steady-state. The kinetics of Congo red biodegradation at various flow rates were evaluated by a modified Stover-Kincannon model, and kinetic constants; KB and Umax were found to be 0.253 g/L·day and 0.263 g/L·day, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kumar Sonwani
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ganesh Swain
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Balendu Shekhar Giri
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ram Sharan Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Birendra Nath Rai
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
|
32
|
Basak B, Jeon BH, Kurade MB, Saratale GD, Bhunia B, Chatterjee PK, Dey A. Biodegradation of high concentration phenol using sugarcane bagasse immobilized Candida tropicalis PHB5 in a packed-bed column reactor. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 180:317-325. [PMID: 31100595 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradation of phenolic compounds in wastewater can be effectively carried out in packed bed reactors (PBRs) employing immobilized microorganisms. A low-cost, reusable immobilization matrix in PBR can provide economic advantages in large scale removal of high concentration phenol. In this study, we evaluated the efficiency and reusability of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) as a low-cost immobilization support for high strength phenol removal in recirculating upflow PBR. An isolated yeast Candida tropicalis PHB5 was immobilized onto the SCB support and packed into the reactor to assess phenol biodegradation at various influent flow rates. Scanning electron microscopy exhibited substantial cell attachment within the pith and onto the fibrous strand surface of the SCB support. The PBR showed 97% removal efficiency at the initial phenol concentration of 2400 mg L-1 and 4 mL min-1 flow rate within 54 h. Biodegradation kinetic studies revealed that the phenol biodegradation rate and biodegradation rate constant were dependent on the influent flow rate. A relatively higher rate of biodegradation (64.20 mg g-1 h-1) was found at a flow rate of 8 mL min-1, indicating rapid phenol removal in the PBR. Up to six successive batches (phenol removal >94%) were successfully applied in the PBR using an initial phenol concentration of 400-2400 mg L-1 at a flow rate of 4 mL min-1 indicating the reusability of the PBR system. The SCB-immobilized C. tropicalis could be employed as a cost-effective packing material for removal of high strength phenolic compounds in real scale PBR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bikram Basak
- Department of Earth Resources & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222-Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea; Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur, 713209, India
| | - Byong-Hun Jeon
- Department of Earth Resources & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222-Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mayur B Kurade
- Department of Earth Resources & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222-Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Ganesh D Saratale
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Biswanath Bhunia
- Department of Bioengineering, National Institute of Technology Agartala, Barjala, Agartala, 799055, India
| | - Pradip K Chatterjee
- Energy Research and Technology Group, CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur, 713209, India
| | - Apurba Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur, 713209, India.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Tong D, Zhuang J, Lee J, Buchanan J, Chen X. Concurrent transport and removal of nitrate, phosphate and pesticides in low-cost metal- and carbon-based materials. Chemosphere 2019; 230:84-91. [PMID: 31102875 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Low-cost magnesium- and/or carbon-based materials have a great potential to remove soluble contaminants from surface and ground water. This study examined mechanisms that control the removal of nitrate, phosphate and pesticides (tricyclazole, malathion and isoprothiolane) during their transport through calcined magnesia (MgO) and corn stalk biochar. Various miscible column breakthrough experiments were carried out and morphology and crystallographic structures of reactive materials were examined. Approximately 96% (78,950 mg-NO3-/kg) and 48% (27,455 mg-NO3-/kg) of nitrate were removed from biochar and MgO columns, respectively. Chemical adsorption dominated nitrate removal during early phase (i.e., <11 PVs for biochar and <100 PVs for MgO, respectively), and microbial denitrification dominated during the following phase. 92% of the applied phosphate (6168 mg-PO43-/kg) was removed in MgO column, while much less in biochar column (4%, 347 mg-PO43-/kg). Mineral surface analyses confirmed that electrostatic attraction, ligand exchange, and chemical precipitation were responsible for phosphate removal. For the three pesticides, biochar exhibited larger removal capacity (1260-2778 mg/kg) than MgO (28-2193 mg/kg) due to the functional groups on biochar. The removal of pesticides based on their physico-chemical properties. Malathion had highest removal rate (98-100%), attributing to chemical sorption and bio-degradation, followed by isoprothiolane (47-79%) and tricyclazole (6-64%).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongli Tong
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Jie Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China; Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA; Center for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Jaehoon Lee
- Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - John Buchanan
- Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Xijuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Sonwani RK, Swain G, Giri BS, Singh RS, Rai BN. A novel comparative study of modified carriers in moving bed biofilm reactor for the treatment of wastewater: Process optimization and kinetic study. Bioresour Technol 2019; 281:335-342. [PMID: 30831512 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.02.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, modified plastic carriers; polypropylene (PP), low-density polyethylene- polypropylene (LDPE-PP), and polyurethane foam-polypropylene (PUF-PP) were developed and used in moving bed bioreactor (MBBR) for the wastewater treatment containing naphthalene. To optimized the process parameters using response surface methodology (RSM), two numerical variables; pH (5.0-9.0) and hydraulic retention time (HRT) (1.0-5.0 day) along with the type of carriers (PP, LDPE-PP, and PUF-PP) were selected as a categorical factor. At 7.0 pH and 5 days HRT, maximum removal efficiencies were observed to be 72.4, 84.4, and 90.2% for MBBR packed with PP, LDPE-PP, and PUF-PP carriers, respectively. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis reveals catechol and 2-naphthol were observed as intermediate metabolites for naphthalene degradation. Modified Stover-Kincannon model was applied for biodegradation kinetic and constants were observed as Umax: 0.476, 0.666, and 0.769 g/L.day and KB: 0.565, 0.755, and 0.874 g/L.day for PP, LDPE-PP, PUF-PP, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kumar Sonwani
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ganesh Swain
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Balendu Shekhar Giri
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ram Sharan Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Birendra Nath Rai
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Stolarek P, Różalska S, Bernat P. Lipidomic adaptations of the Metarhizium robertsii strain in response to the presence of butyltin compounds. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes 2019; 1861:316-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
36
|
Kureel MK, Geed SR, Rai BN, Singh RS. Novel investigation of the performance of continuous packed bed bioreactor (CPBBR) by isolated Bacillus sp. M4 and proteomic study. Bioresour Technol 2018; 266:335-342. [PMID: 29982055 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study reveals the benzene degrading potential of bacterial species isolated from petroleum contaminated soil. Genomic analysis suggests that Bacillus sp. M4 was found to be dominating species. The process parameters were optimized and found to be pH 7.0 ± 0.2, temperature 32 ± 5 °C, immobilization time (20 days) and benzene concentration 400 mg/L. The maximum removal efficiency of benzene was calculated and found to be 93.13% at elimination capacity156 (mg/L/day) and inlet loading rate 192 (mg/L/day) achieved in 54th days of operation. In the study, the residual metabolites were analyzed by GC/MS analysis and identified as benzene-1,2-diol. In order to identify the responsible protein involved in the process of benzene biodegradation The proteomic study was performed and proteins were identified by MALDI-TOF analysis. The molecular docking was confirmed by the benzene biodegradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M K Kureel
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, UP 221005, India
| | - S R Geed
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, UP 221005, India
| | - B N Rai
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, UP 221005, India
| | - R S Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, UP 221005, India.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Geed SR, Prasad S, Kureel MK, Singh RS, Rai BN. Biodegradation of wastewater in alternating aerobic-anoxic lab scale pilot plant by Alcaligenes sp. S 3 isolated from agricultural field. J Environ Manage 2018; 214:408-415. [PMID: 29547845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The isolated microbial Alcaligenes sp. S3 from the agricultural field was used for the biodegradation of synthetic wastewater containing atrazine. This study was conducted in an alternating aerobic-anoxic lab scale pilot plant. The performance of continuously operated pilot plant was evaluated in three different phases with varying atrazine concentration. The best performance of plant was observed in phase-II. The atrazine (200 mg/L) having COD value 1356 mg/L was used with varying flow rate and 90.56% COD removal was obtained at a flow rate of 300 mL/h on 122th day of operation. The effect of process parameter like pH and DO on the performance of the reactor was studied. The GC-MS analysis was investigated, and urea was found the intermediate/metabolites of atrazine biodegradation. The kinetic parameters such as half saturation rate constant (Ks) 106.80 mg/L; maximum specific growth rate (μmax) 0.208 per day and inhibition constant (Ki) 374.91 mg/L were evaluated by Andrew-Haldane model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S R Geed
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, 221 005, UP, India; Madhav Institute of Technology and Science, Gwalior, 474 005, MP, India.
| | - Sachin Prasad
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, 221 005, UP, India
| | - M K Kureel
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, 221 005, UP, India
| | - R S Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, 221 005, UP, India
| | - B N Rai
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, 221 005, UP, India.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abu Talha M, Goswami M, Giri BS, Sharma A, Rai BN, Singh RS. Bioremediation of Congo red dye in immobilized batch and continuous packed bed bioreactor by Brevibacillus parabrevis using coconut shell bio-char. Bioresour Technol 2018; 252:37-43. [PMID: 29306127 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.12.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, bacterial species capable of degrading colour waste were isolated from the water bodies located near the carpet cluster in the Bhadohi district of U.P., India. Among the isolated species best one was selected on the basis of its capability to degrade Congo red in batch experiments using NaCl-Yeast as the nutrient media and further it was identified as Brevibacillus parabrevis using 16S rDNA sequencing. The process parameters were optimized for maximum degradation in batch experiments and found out to be: Inoculum size: 3 ml, Temperature: 30 °C, Time: 6 days leading to a removal of 95.71% of dye sample. The experiment showed that bacteria immobilized with coconut shell biochar in continuous mode showed much better degradation than batch study without immobilization. The kinetics parameters μmax, Ks, and μmaxKs were found to be 0.461 per day, 39.44 mg/day, and 0.0117 L/mg/day using Monod model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Abu Talha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, NIT Rourkela, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Mandavi Goswami
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - B S Giri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anjaney Sharma
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau 275103, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - B N Rai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R S Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Carboneras MB, Cañizares P, Rodrigo MA, Villaseñor J, Fernandez-Morales FJ. Improving biodegradability of soil washing effluents using anodic oxidation. Bioresour Technol 2018; 252:1-6. [PMID: 29306123 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a combination of electrochemical and biological technologies is proposed to remove clopyralid from Soil Washing Effluents (SWE). Firstly, soil washing was carried out to extract clopyralid from soil. After that, four different anodes-Ir-MMO, Ru-MMO, pSi-BDD and Carbon Felt (CF)-were evaluated in order to increase the biodegradability of the SWE. CF was selected because was the only one able to transform the pesticide to a more biodegradable compounds without completely mineralizing it. Finally, biological oxidation tests were performed to determine the aerobic biodegradability of the SWE generated. From the obtained results, it was observed that at the beginning of the electrolysis the toxicity slightly increased and the biodegradability decreases. However, for electric current charges over 2.5 A·h dm-3 the toxicity drastically decreased, showing an EC50 of 143 mg L-1, and the BOD5/COD ratio increased from 0.02 to 0.23.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Belén Carboneras
- University of Castilla-La Mancha, ITQUIMA, Chemical Engineering Department, Avenida Camilo José Cela S/N, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Pablo Cañizares
- University of Castilla-La Mancha, ITQUIMA, Chemical Engineering Department, Avenida Camilo José Cela S/N, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Manuel Andrés Rodrigo
- University of Castilla-La Mancha, ITQUIMA, Chemical Engineering Department, Avenida Camilo José Cela S/N, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - José Villaseñor
- University of Castilla-La Mancha, ITQUIMA, Chemical Engineering Department, Avenida Camilo José Cela S/N, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Carboneras B, Villaseñor J, Fernandez-Morales FJ. Modelling aerobic biodegradation of atrazine and 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid by mixed-cultures. Bioresour Technol 2017; 243:1044-1050. [PMID: 28764106 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.07.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study and to model the biodegradation of atrazine and 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid by aerobic mixed cultures. Slow removal rates were observed when biodegrading atrazine, in spite of the initial concentrations. However, high removal rates were obtained when biodegrading 2,4-D, removing up to 100mg/L in about 2months. Regarding the 2,4-D it must be highlighted that a lag phase appears, being its length proportional to the initial 2,4-D concentration. The biodegradation trends were fitted to a Monod based model and the value of the main parameters determined. In the case of atrazine they were µmax: 0.011 1/d and Y: 0.53g/g and in the case of 2,4-D µmax: 0.071 1/d and Y: 0.44g/g, indicating the higher persistence of atrazine. Once finished the experiments the microbial population was characterized being the major genus Pseudomonas when treating atrazine and Rhodococcus when treating 2,4-D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Belen Carboneras
- University of Castilla-La Mancha, ITQUIMA, Chemical Engineering Department, Avenida Camilo José Cela S/N, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - José Villaseñor
- University of Castilla-La Mancha, ITQUIMA, Chemical Engineering Department, Avenida Camilo José Cela S/N, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Geed SR, Shrirame BS, Singh RS, Rai BN. Assessment of pesticides removal using two-stage Integrated Aerobic Treatment Plant (IATP) by Bacillus sp. isolated from agricultural field. Bioresour Technol 2017; 242:45-54. [PMID: 28347623 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.03.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The biodegradation of synthetic wastewater containing Atrazine, Malathion and Parathion was studied in two stage Integrated Aerobic Treatment Plant using Bacillus sp. (consortia) isolated from agricultural field. The influent stream containing these pesticides with initial COD of 1232mg/L were fed to first reactor and treated effluent of first reactor was fed to second reactor. The maximum removal of pesticides in IATP was found to be greater than 90%. The various process parameters such as pH, DO, Redox potential and BOD5/COD were monitored during the treatment. The degradation of pesticides and its metabolites in the treated effluent were confirmed by GC-MS. Kinetic parameters such as first order rate constant (Kobs), cell yield (YX/C) and decay coefficients (Kdp) were evaluated and found to be 0.00425 per hr, 0.696mg of COD/mg MLSS and 0.0010 per hr respectively. This integrated process was found more effective than physico-chemical treatment of pesticides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S R Geed
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, IIT (BHU), Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - B S Shrirame
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, IIT (BHU), Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - R S Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, IIT (BHU), Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - B N Rai
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, IIT (BHU), Varanasi 221 005, India.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Singh K, Giri BS, Sahi A, Geed SR, Kureel MK, Singh S, Dubey SK, Rai BN, Kumar S, Upadhyay SN, Singh RS. Biofiltration of xylene using wood charcoal as the biofilter media under transient and high loading conditions. Bioresour Technol 2017; 242:351-358. [PMID: 28284446 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.02.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of wood charcoal as biofilter media under transient and high loading condition. Biofiltration of xylene was investigated for 150days in a laboratory scale unit packed with wood charcoal and inoculated with mixed microbial culture at the xylene loading rates ranged from 12 to 553gm-3h-1. The kinetic analysis of the xylene revealed absence of substrate inhibition and possibility of achieving higher elimination under optimum condition. The pH, temperature, pressure drop and CO2 production rate were regularly monitored during the experiments. Throughout experimental period, the removal efficiency (RE) was found to be in the range of 65-98.7% and the maximum elimination capacity (EC) was 405.7gm-3h-1. Molecular characterization results show Bacillus sp. as dominating microbial group in the biofilm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - B S Giri
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Amrita Sahi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - S R Geed
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - M K Kureel
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Sanjay Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - S K Dubey
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - B N Rai
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Surendra Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - S N Upadhyay
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - R S Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kureel MK, Geed SR, Giri BS, Rai BN, Singh RS. Biodegradation and kinetic study of benzene in bioreactor packed with PUF and alginate beads and immobilized with Bacillus sp. M3. Bioresour Technol 2017; 242:92-100. [PMID: 28390787 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.03.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Benzene removal in free and immobilized cells on polyurethane foam (PUF) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-alginate beads was studied using an indigenous soil bacterium Bacillus sp. M3 isolated from petroleum-contaminated soil. The important process parameters (pH, temperature and inoculums size) were optimized and found to be 7, 37°C and 6.0×108CFU/mL, respectively. Benzene removals were observed to be 70, 84 and 90% within 9days in a free cell, immobilized PVA-alginate beads and PUF, respectively under optimum operating conditions. FT-IR and GC-MS analysis confirm the presence of phenol, 1,2-benzenediol, hydroquinone and benzoate as metabolites. The important kinetic parameter ratios (µmax/Ks; L/mg·day) calculated using Monod model was found to be 0.00123 for free cell, 0.00159 for immobilized alginate beads and 0.002016 for immobilized PUF. Similarly inhibition constants (Ki; mg/L) calculated using Andrew-Haldane model was found to be 435.84 for free cell, 664.25 for immobilized alginate beads and 724.93 for immobilized PUF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M K Kureel
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, UP 221005, India
| | - S R Geed
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, UP 221005, India
| | - B S Giri
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, UP 221005, India
| | - B N Rai
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, UP 221005, India
| | - R S Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, UP 221005, India.
| |
Collapse
|