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Du PX, Chang SS, Ho TS, Shih HC, Tsai PS, Syu GD. Humoral responses to multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants after two doses of vaccine in kidney transplant patients. Virulence 2024; 15:2351266. [PMID: 38717195 PMCID: PMC11085947 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2351266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to millions of fatalities globally. Kidney transplant (KT) patients, given their comorbidities and under immunosuppressant drugs, are identified as a high-risk group. Though vaccination remains pivotal for pandemic control, some studies indicate that KT exhibits diminished immune reactions to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Therefore, evaluating the vaccine responses in KT, especially the humoral responses against emergent variants is crucial.Methods: We developed a multiplexed SARS-CoV-2 variant protein microarray, incorporating the extracellular domain (ECD) and the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike proteins from the variants. This was employed to investigate the collective humoral responses after administering two doses of mRNA-1273 and AZD1222 vaccines in KT under immunosuppressive drugs and in healthy controls.Results: After two doses of either mRNA-1273 or AZD1222, the KT generally showed lower surrogate neutralizing and total antibodies against spike ECD in multiple variants compared to healthy controls. Although two doses of mRNA-1273 induced 1.5-2 fold more surrogate neutralizing and total antibodies than AZD1222 in healthy controls, the KT subjects with two doses of mRNA-1273 generally exhibited higher surrogate neutralizing but similar total antibodies against spike ECD in multiple variants. There were moderate to high correlations between the surrogate neutralizing and total antibodies against spike ECDs.Conclusion: This study offers pivotal insights into the relative vulnerability of KT concerning humoral immunity and the evolving mutations of SARS-CoV-2. Such findings are useful for evaluating vaccine responses and recommending vaccine episodes for KT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Xian Du
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shen-Shin Chang
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Shiann Ho
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Yunlin, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital Dou-Liou Branch, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Chang Shih
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns
Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Pei-Shan Tsai
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Da Syu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Serwanga J, Ankunda V, Katende JS, Baine C, Oluka GK, Odoch G, Nantambi H, Mugaba S, Namuyanja A, Ssali I, Ejou P, Kato L, Musenero M, Kaleebu P. Sustained S-IgG and S-IgA antibodies to Moderna's mRNA-1273 vaccine in a Sub-Saharan African cohort suggests need for booster timing reconsiderations. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1348905. [PMID: 38357547 PMCID: PMC10864610 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1348905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study sought to elucidate the long-term antibody responses to the Moderna mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine within a Ugandan cohort, aiming to contribute to the sparse data on m-RNA vaccine immunogenicity in Sub-Saharan Africa. Methods We tracked the development and persistence of the elicited antibodies in 19 participants aged 18 to 67, who received two doses of the mRNA-1273 vaccine. A validated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to quantify SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies against the spike (S) and nucleoproteins (N). The study's temporal scope extended from the baseline to one year, capturing immediate and long-term immune responses. Statistical analyses were performed using the Wilcoxon test to evaluate changes in antibody levels across predetermined intervals with the Hochberg correction for multiple comparisons. Results Our results showed a significant initial rise in spike-directed IgG (S-IgG) and spike-directed IgA (S-IgA) levels, which remained elevated for the duration of the study. The S-IgG concentrations peaked 14 days afterboosting, while spike-directed IgM (S-IgM) levels were transient, aligning with their early response role. Notably, post-booster antibody concentrations did not significantly change. Prior S-IgG status influenced the post-priming S-IgA dynamics, with baseline S-IgG positive individuals maintaining higher S-IgA responses, a difference that did not reach statistical difference post-boost. Three instances of breakthrough infections: two among participants who exhibited baseline seropositivity for S-IgG, and one in a participant initially seronegative for S-IgG. Discussion In conclusion, the mRNA-1273 vaccine elicited robust and persistent S-IgG and S-IgA antibody responses, particularly after the first dose, indicating potential for long-term immunity. Prior viral exposure enhances post-vaccination S-IgA responses compared to naive individuals, which aligned with the prior-naïve, post-boost. The stable antibody levels observed post-booster dose, remaining high over an extended period, with no significant secondary rise, and no difference by baseline exposure, suggest that initial vaccination may sufficiently prime the immune system for prolonged protection in this population, allowing for potential to delay booster schedules as antibody responses remained high at the time of boosting. This finding calls for a reassessment of the booster dose scheduling in this demographic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Serwanga
- Viral Pathogens Research Theme, Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- Department of Immunology, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Violet Ankunda
- Department of Immunology, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Joseph Ssebwana Katende
- Viral Pathogens Research Theme, Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- Department of Immunology, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Claire Baine
- Department of Immunology, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Gerald Kevin Oluka
- Viral Pathogens Research Theme, Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- Department of Immunology, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Geoffrey Odoch
- Viral Pathogens Research Theme, Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Hellen Nantambi
- Department of Immunology, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Susan Mugaba
- Viral Pathogens Research Theme, Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Angella Namuyanja
- Viral Pathogens Research Theme, Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Ivan Ssali
- Viral Pathogens Research Theme, Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Peter Ejou
- Viral Pathogens Research Theme, Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Laban Kato
- Viral Pathogens Research Theme, Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Monica Musenero
- Science, Technology, and Innovation Secretariat, Office of the President, Government of Uganda, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Pontiano Kaleebu
- Viral Pathogens Research Theme, Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- Department of Immunology, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
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Su WY, Ho TS, Tsai TC, Du PX, Tsai PS, Keskin BB, Shizen MA, Lin PC, Lin WH, Shih HC, Syu GD. Developing magnetic barcode bead fluorescence assay for high throughput analyzing humoral responses against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 241:115709. [PMID: 37776623 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
The continuous mutation of SARS-CoV-2 highlights the need for rapid, cost-effective, and high-throughput detection methods. To better analyze the antibody levels against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants in vaccinated or infected subjects, we developed a multiplex detection named Barcode Bead Fluorescence (BBF) assay. These barcode beads were magnetic, characterized by 2-dimensional edges, highly multiplexed, and could be decrypted with visible light. We conjugated 12 magnetic barcode beads with corresponding nine spike proteins (wild-type, alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and current omicrons), two nucleocapsid proteins (wild-type and omicron), and one negative control. First, the conjugated beads underwent serial quality controls via fluorescence labeling, e.g., reproducibility (R square = 0.99) and detection limits (119 pg via anti-spike antibody). Next, we investigated serums from vaccinated subjects and COVID-19 patients for clinical applications. A significant reduction of antibody levels against all variant beads was observed in both vaccinated and COVID-19 studies. Subjects with two doses of mRNA-1273 exhibited the highest level of antibodies against all spike variants compared to two doses of AZD1222 and unvaccinated. We also found that COVID-19 patients showed higher antibody levels against spike beads from wild-type, alpha, beta, and delta. Finally, the nucleocapsid beads served as markers to distinguish infections from vaccinated subjects. Overall, this study developed the BBF assay for analyzing humoral immune responses, which has the advantages of robustness, automation, scalability, and cost-effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yu Su
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tzong-Shiann Ho
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, ROC; Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Pediatrics, Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan, 700, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital Dou-Liou Branch, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Yunlin, 640, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tien-Chun Tsai
- Core Facility Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pin-Xian Du
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Shan Tsai
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Batuhan Birol Keskin
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Maulida Azizza Shizen
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Chun Lin
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-Hsun Lin
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsi-Chang Shih
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Guan-Da Syu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, ROC; International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, ROC; Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, ROC.
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4
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Fan T, Li C, Liu X, Xu H, Li W, Wang M, Mei X, Li D. Development of practical techniques for simultaneous detection and distinction of current and emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. ANAL SCI 2023; 39:1839-1856. [PMID: 37517003 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-023-00396-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Countless individuals have fallen victim to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and have generated antibodies, reducing the risk of secondary infection in the short term. However, with the emergence of mutated strains, the probability of subsequent infections remains high. Consequently, the demand for simple and accessible methods for distinguishing between different variants is soaring. Although monitoring viral gene sequencing is an effective approach for differentiating between various types of SARS-CoV-2 variants, it may not be easily accessible to the general public. In this article, we provide an overview of the reported techniques that use combined approaches and adaptable testing methods that use editable recognition receptors for simultaneous detection and distinction of current and emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. These techniques employ straightforward detection strategies, including tests capable of simultaneously identifying and differentiating between different variants. Furthermore, we recommend advancing the development of uncomplicated protocols for distinguishing between current and emerging variants. Additionally, we propose further development of facile protocols for the differentiation of existing and emerging variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuocen Fan
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China
| | - Chengjie Li
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China
| | - Xinlei Liu
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China
| | - Hongda Xu
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China
| | - Wenhao Li
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China
| | - Minghao Wang
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China
| | - Xifan Mei
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China.
| | - Dan Li
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China.
- College of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China.
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Zhang X, Yarman A, Bagheri M, El-Sherbiny IM, Hassan RYA, Kurbanoglu S, Waffo AFT, Zebger I, Karabulut TC, Bier FF, Lieberzeit P, Scheller FW. Imprinted Polymers on the Route to Plastibodies for Biomacromolecules (MIPs), Viruses (VIPs), and Cells (CIPs). Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol 2023. [PMID: 37884758 DOI: 10.1007/10_2023_234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Around 30% of the scientific papers published on imprinted polymers describe the recognition of proteins, nucleic acids, viruses, and cells. The straightforward synthesis from only one up to six functional monomers and the simple integration into a sensor are significant advantages as compared with enzymes or antibodies. Furthermore, they can be synthesized against toxic substances and structures of low immunogenicity and allow multi-analyte measurements via multi-template synthesis. The affinity is sufficiently high for protein biomarkers, DNA, viruses, and cells. However, the cross-reactivity of highly abundant proteins is still a challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Zhang
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, Universität Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Aysu Yarman
- Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Turkish-German University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mahdien Bagheri
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty for Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ibrahim M El-Sherbiny
- Nanoscience Program, University of Science and Technology (UST), Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
- Center for Materials Science (CMS), Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rabeay Y A Hassan
- Nanoscience Program, University of Science and Technology (UST), Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
- Center for Materials Science (CMS), Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sevinc Kurbanoglu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Ingo Zebger
- Institut für Chemie, PC 14 Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Frank F Bier
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, Universität Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter Lieberzeit
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty for Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Frieder W Scheller
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, Universität Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
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6
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Lin WH, Du PX, Tsai PS, Keskin BB, Su WY, Lee NY, Ko WC, Lin PC, Shih HC, Weng MY, Syu GD. Rituximab, but not other biologics, impairs humoral immunity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis-a study using CoVariant protein arrays. Rheumatol Adv Pract 2023; 7:rkad085. [PMID: 37937178 PMCID: PMC10627286 DOI: 10.1093/rap/rkad085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives RA is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation and joint destruction. Biologics are crucial to achieving treat-to-target goals in patients with RA. The global spread and continuous variation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) necessitate the monitoring of variant-specific humoral responses post-vaccination. The aim of this study was to investigate how different biologic treatments for vaccinated RA patients might affect their neutralizing antibodies against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants. Methods We recruited RA patients who had received three doses of conventional SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and were treated with various biologics, e.g. TNF inhibitor (etanercept), IL-6 inhibitor (tocilizumab), CTLA4-Ig (abatacept) or anti-CD20 (rituximab). Serum samples were used to profile the binding and neutralizing antibodies using our own SARS-CoV-2 variant (CoVariant) protein array, developed previously. Results Compared with healthy controls, only RA therapy with rituximab showed a reduction in neutralizing antibodies capable of targeting spike proteins in SARS-CoV-2 wild-type and most variants. This reduction was not observed in binding antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 wild-type or its variants. Conclusion After receiving three doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, RA patients who underwent rituximab treatment generated sufficient antibodies but exhibited lower neutralizing activities against wild-type and multiple variants, including current Omicron. Other biological DMARDs, e.g. TNF inhibitor, IL-6 inhibitor and CTLA4-Ig, did not show obvious inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hsun Lin
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Xian Du
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Shan Tsai
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Batuhan Birol Keskin
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yu Su
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Yao Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Center for Infection Control, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chien Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine and Center for Infection Control, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Lin
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Chang Shih
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Meng-Yu Weng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Da Syu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Keskin BB, Liu SF, Du PX, Tsai PS, Ho TS, Su WY, Lin PC, Shih HC, Weng KP, Yang KD, Huang YH, Kuo KC, Syu GD, Kuo HC. Profiling humoral responses to COVID-19 immunization in Kawasaki disease using SARS-CoV-2 variant protein microarrays. Analyst 2023; 148:4698-4709. [PMID: 37610260 DOI: 10.1039/d3an00802a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Kawasaki disease (KD) is a form of acute systemic vasculitis syndrome that predominantly occurs in children under the age of 5 years. Its etiology has been postulated due to not only genetic factors but also the presence of foreign antigens or infectious agents. To evaluate possible associations between Kawasaki disease (KD) and COVID-19, we investigated humoral responses of KD patients against S-protein variants with SARS-CoV-2 variant protein microarrays. In this study, plasma from a cohort of KD (N = 90) and non-KD control (non-KD) (N = 69) subjects in categories of unvaccinated-uninfected (pre-pandemic), SARS-CoV-2 infected (10-100 days after infection), and 1-dose, 2-dose, and 3-dose BNT162b2 vaccinated (10-100 days after vaccination) was collected. The principal outcomes were non-KD-KD differences for each category in terms of anti-human/anti-His for binding antibodies and neutralizing percentage for surrogate neutralizing antibodies. Binding antibodies against spikes were lower in the KD subjects with 1-dose of BNT162b2, and mean differences were significant for the P.1 S-protein (non-KD-KD, 3401; 95% CI, 289.0 to 6512; P = 0.0252), B.1.617.2 S-protein (non-KD-KD, 4652; 95% CI, 215.8 to 9087; P = 0.0351) and B.1.617.3 S-protein (non-KD-KD, 4874; 95% CI, 31.41 to 9716; P = 0.0477). Neutralizing antibodies against spikes were higher in the KD subjects with 1-dose of BNT162b2, and mean percentage differences were significant for the 1-dose BNT162b2 B.1.617.3 S-protein (non-KD-KD, -22.89%; 95% CI, -45.08 to -0.6965; P = 0.0399), B.1.1.529 S-protein (non-KD-KD, -25.96%; 95% CI, -50.53 to -1.376; P = 0.0333), BA.2.12.1 S-protein (non-KD-KD, -27.83%; 95% CI, -52.55 to -3.115; P = 0.0195), BA.4 S-protein (non-KD-KD, -28.47%; 95% CI, -53.59 to -3.342; P = 0.0184), and BA.5 S-protein (non-KD-KD, -30.42%; 95% CI, -54.98 to -5.869; P = 0.0077). In conclusion, we have found that KD patients have a comparable immunization response to healthy individuals to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batuhan Birol Keskin
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Room 89A07, No. 1, University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Feng Liu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Xian Du
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Room 89A07, No. 1, University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Shan Tsai
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Room 89A07, No. 1, University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
| | - Tzong-Shiann Ho
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Pediatrics, Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan 700, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wen-Yu Su
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Room 89A07, No. 1, University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Chun Lin
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Room 89A07, No. 1, University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
| | - Hsi-Chang Shih
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ken-Pen Weng
- Congenital Structural Heart Disease Center, Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813414, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | | | - Ying-Hsien Huang
- Kawasaki Disease Center and Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Kuang-Che Kuo
- Kawasaki Disease Center and Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Guan-Da Syu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Room 89A07, No. 1, University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
- International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Chang Kuo
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Kawasaki Disease Center and Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
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Aparna GM, Tetala KKR. Recent Progress in Development and Application of DNA, Protein, Peptide, Glycan, Antibody, and Aptamer Microarrays. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13040602. [PMID: 37189350 DOI: 10.3390/biom13040602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Microarrays are one of the trailblazing technologies of the last two decades and have displayed their importance in all the associated fields of biology. They are widely explored to screen, identify, and gain insights on the characteristics traits of biomolecules (individually or in complex solutions). A wide variety of biomolecule-based microarrays (DNA microarrays, protein microarrays, glycan microarrays, antibody microarrays, peptide microarrays, and aptamer microarrays) are either commercially available or fabricated in-house by researchers to explore diverse substrates, surface coating, immobilization techniques, and detection strategies. The aim of this review is to explore the development of biomolecule-based microarray applications since 2018 onwards. Here, we have covered a different array of printing strategies, substrate surface modification, biomolecule immobilization strategies, detection techniques, and biomolecule-based microarray applications. The period of 2018–2022 focused on using biomolecule-based microarrays for the identification of biomarkers, detection of viruses, differentiation of multiple pathogens, etc. A few potential future applications of microarrays could be for personalized medicine, vaccine candidate screening, toxin screening, pathogen identification, and posttranslational modifications.
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Kuo HC, Kuo KC, Du PX, Keskin BB, Su WY, Ho TS, Tsai PS, Pau CH, Shih HC, Huang YH, Weng KP, Syu GD. Profiling humoral immunity after mixing and matching COVID-19 vaccines using SARS-CoV-2 variant protein microarrays. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100507. [PMID: 36787877 PMCID: PMC9922205 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In November 2022, 68% of the population received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccines. Due to the ongoing mutations, especially for the variants of concern (VOCs), it is important to monitor the humoral immune responses after different vaccination strategies. In this study, we developed a SARS-CoV-2 variant protein microarray that contained the spike proteins from the VOCs, e.g., alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and omicron, to quantify the binding antibody and surrogate neutralizing antibody. Plasmas were collected after two doses of matching AZD1222 (AZx2), two doses of matching mRNA-1273 (Mx2), or mixing AZD1222 and mRNA-1273 (AZ+M). The results showed a significant decrease of surrogate neutralizing antibodies against the receptor-binding domain in all VOCs in AZx2 and Mx2 but not AZ+M. A similar but minor reduction pattern of surrogate neutralizing antibodies against the extracellular domain was observed. While Mx2 exhibited a higher surrogate neutralizing level against all VOCs compared to AZx2, AZ+M showed an even higher surrogate neutralizing level in gamma and omicron compared to Mx2. It is worth noting that the binding antibody displayed a low correlation to the surrogate neutralizing antibody (R-square 0.130-0.382). This study delivers insights into humoral immunities, SARS-CoV-2 mutations, and mixing and matching vaccine strategies, which may provide a more effective vaccine strategy especially in preventing omicron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Chang Kuo
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan,Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan 33302
| | - Kuang-Che Kuo
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Xian Du
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Batuhan Birol Keskin
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yu Su
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Shiann Ho
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan R.O.C.,Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan R.O.C.,Department of Pediatrics, Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan 700, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Pei-Shan Tsai
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chi Ho Pau
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Chang Shih
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ying-Hsien Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan,Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan 33302
| | - Ken-Pen Weng
- Congenital Structural Heart Disease Center, Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813414, Taiwan,School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Da Syu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
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10
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Su WY, Du PX, Santos HM, Ho TS, Keskin BB, Pau CH, Yang AM, Chou YY, Shih HC, Syu GD. Antibody Profiling in COVID-19 Patients with Different Severities by Using Spike Variant Protein Microarrays. Anal Chem 2022; 94:6529-6539. [PMID: 35442638 PMCID: PMC9045038 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The disease progression of COVID-19 varies from mild to severe, even death. However, the link between COVID-19 severities and humoral immune specificities is not clear. Here, we developed a multiplexed spike variant protein microarray (SVPM) and utilized it for quantifying neutralizing activity, drug screening, and profiling humoral immunity. First, we demonstrated the competition between antispike antibody and ACE2 on SVPM for measuring the neutralizing activity against multiple spike variants. Next, we collected the serums from healthy subjects and COVID-19 patients with different severities and profile the neutralizing activity as well as antibody isotypes. We identified the inhibition of ACE2 binding was stronger against multiple variants in severe compared to mild/moderate or critical patients. Moreover, the serum IgG against nonstructural protein 3 was elevated in severe but not in mild/moderate and critical cases. Finally, we evaluated two ACE2 inhibitors, Ramipril and Perindopril, and found the dose-dependent inhibition of ACE2 binding to all the spike variants except for B.1.617.3. Together, the SVPM and the assay procedures provide a tool for profiling neutralizing antibodies, antibody isotypes, and reagent specificities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yu Su
- Department
of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Xian Du
- Department
of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Harvey M. Santos
- Department
of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- School
of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapúa University, Intramuros, Manila 1002, Philippines
| | - Tzong-Shiann Ho
- Department
of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University
Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Center
of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Department
of Pediatrics, Tainan Hospital, Ministry
of Health and Welfare, Tainan 700, Taiwan
| | - Batuhan Birol Keskin
- Department
of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chi Ho Pau
- Department
of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - An-Ming Yang
- Department
of Internal Medicine, En Chu Kong Hospital, New Taipei City 237, Taiwan
- Department
of Nursing, Yuanpei University of Medical
Technology, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Yu Chou
- Department
of Nursing, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General
Hospital, Kaohsiung 802, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Chang Shih
- Department
of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Guan-Da Syu
- Department
of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Research
Center of Excellence in Regenerative Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Medical
Device Innovation Center, National Cheng
Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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