1
|
Ngo LH, Bert AG, Dredge BK, Williams T, Murphy V, Li W, Hamilton WB, Carey KT, Toubia J, Pillman KA, Liu D, Desogus J, Chao JA, Deans AJ, Goodall GJ, Wickramasinghe VO. Nuclear export of circular RNA. Nature 2024; 627:212-220. [PMID: 38355801 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07060-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs), which are increasingly being implicated in a variety of functions in normal and cancerous cells1-5, are formed by back-splicing of precursor mRNAs in the nucleus6-10. circRNAs are predominantly localized in the cytoplasm, indicating that they must be exported from the nucleus. Here we identify a pathway that is specific for the nuclear export of circular RNA. This pathway requires Ran-GTP, exportin-2 and IGF2BP1. Enhancing the nuclear Ran-GTP gradient by depletion or chemical inhibition of the major protein exporter CRM1 selectively increases the nuclear export of circRNAs, while reducing the nuclear Ran-GTP gradient selectively blocks circRNA export. Depletion or knockout of exportin-2 specifically inhibits nuclear export of circRNA. Analysis of nuclear circRNA-binding proteins reveals that interaction between IGF2BP1 and circRNA is enhanced by Ran-GTP. The formation of circRNA export complexes in the nucleus is promoted by Ran-GTP through its interactions with exportin-2, circRNA and IGF2BP1. Our findings demonstrate that adaptors such as IGF2BP1 that bind directly to circular RNAs recruit Ran-GTP and exportin-2 to export circRNAs in a mechanism that is analogous to protein export, rather than mRNA export.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linh H Ngo
- RNA Biology and Cancer Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew G Bert
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - B Kate Dredge
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Adelaide Centre for Epigenetics, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- South Australian immunoGENomics Cancer Institute (SAiGENCI), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Tobias Williams
- RNA Biology and Cancer Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Murphy
- Genome Stability Unit, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wanqiu Li
- RNA Biology and Cancer Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pharmacology, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong-Hong Kong Universities for Vascular Homeostasis and Diseases, School of Medicine and Institute for Biological Electron Microscopy, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - William B Hamilton
- RNA Biology and Cancer Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kirstyn T Carey
- RNA Biology and Cancer Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John Toubia
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Katherine A Pillman
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Dawei Liu
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jessica Desogus
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jeffrey A Chao
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrew J Deans
- Genome Stability Unit, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gregory J Goodall
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
- Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Vihandha O Wickramasinghe
- RNA Biology and Cancer Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tao L, Wang Y, Shen Z, Cai J, Zheng J, Xia S, Lin Z, Wan Z, Qi H, Jin R, Wang L, Xu J, Liang X. Activation of IGFBP4 via unconventional mechanism of miRNA attenuates metastasis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Hepatol Int 2024; 18:91-107. [PMID: 37349627 PMCID: PMC10858123 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-023-10552-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is the second most common primary liver malignancy. Although its incidence is lower than that of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), ICC has a worse prognosis, and it is more prone to recur and metastasize, resulting in a far greater level of malignancy. METHODS Bioinformatics analysis and qRT-PCR were applied to assess the level of miR-122-5p and IGFBP4. Western blot, transwell assays, wound-healing assays, real-time cellular invasion monitoring, in vivo study were applied to explore the function of miR-122-5p and IGFBP4. Dual luciferase reporter assays and chromatin isolation by RNA purification (ChiRP) were applied to explore the regulation of IGFBP4 by miR-122-5p. RESULTS Using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data set, Sir Run Run Shaw hospital data set and bioinformatics analyses, we identified miR-122-5p as a potential tumor suppressor in ICC and validated its suppressive effect in metastasis and invasion of ICC. Transcriptome sequencing, rescue and complement experiments were used to identify insulin-like growth factor binding protein 4 (IGFBP4) as a target of miR-122-5p. The mechanism by which miR-122-5p regulates IGFBP4 was clarified by chromatin separation RNA purification technology, and dual-luciferase reporter assays. We discovered a rare novel mechanism by which miR-122-5p promotes IGFBP4 mRNA transcription by binding to its promoter region. Furthermore, in mouse orthotopic metastasis model, miR-122-5p inhibited the invasion of ICC. CONCLUSION In summary, our study revealed a novel mechanism of miR-122-5p and function of the miR-122-5p/IGFBP4 axis in the metastasis of ICC. We also highlighted the clinical value of miR-122-5p and IGFBP4 in inhibiting ICC invasion and metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liye Tao
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Zhejiang Research and Development Engineering Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Minimal Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment Technology Research Center of Severe Hepatobiliary Disease, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Yali Wang
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Zhejiang Research and Development Engineering Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Minimal Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment Technology Research Center of Severe Hepatobiliary Disease, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Zefeng Shen
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Zhejiang Research and Development Engineering Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Minimal Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment Technology Research Center of Severe Hepatobiliary Disease, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Jingwei Cai
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Zhejiang Research and Development Engineering Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Minimal Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment Technology Research Center of Severe Hepatobiliary Disease, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Junhao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Zhejiang Research and Development Engineering Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Minimal Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment Technology Research Center of Severe Hepatobiliary Disease, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Shunjie Xia
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Zhejiang Research and Development Engineering Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Minimal Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment Technology Research Center of Severe Hepatobiliary Disease, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Zhongjie Lin
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Zhejiang Research and Development Engineering Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Minimal Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment Technology Research Center of Severe Hepatobiliary Disease, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Zhe Wan
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Zhejiang Research and Development Engineering Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Minimal Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment Technology Research Center of Severe Hepatobiliary Disease, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Haiou Qi
- Nursing Department and Nurse of Operating Room, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Renan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Zhejiang Research and Development Engineering Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Minimal Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment Technology Research Center of Severe Hepatobiliary Disease, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Ling Wang
- School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Medical Information and 3D Bioprinting of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Junjie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
- Zhejiang Research and Development Engineering Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Minimal Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment Technology Research Center of Severe Hepatobiliary Disease, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
| | - Xiao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
- Zhejiang Research and Development Engineering Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Minimal Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment Technology Research Center of Severe Hepatobiliary Disease, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
庞 碧, 黄 娜, 黄 晓, 李 馨, 熊 文, 孔 波, 姚 焱. [Lithocholic acid decreases mRNA stability of nuclear receptor PPAR α by upregulating miR-21 expression in hepatoma HepG2 cells]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2023; 43:2086-2094. [PMID: 38189395 PMCID: PMC10774099 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2023.12.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the regulatory effects of lithocholic acid (LCA) on nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor-alpha (PPARα) mRNA stability at the post-transcriptional level. METHODS PPARα 3'UTR luciferase reporter gene vectors were constructed and transfected into HepG2 cells to observe the changes in cellular luciferase activity in response to LCA treatments. Bioinformatic prediction and miRNA PCR array technique were used to identify the differentially expressed miRNAs induced by LCA and their potential binding sites on the 3'UTR. The binding sites (Mut1, Mut2 and Mut1+Mut2) were mutated to compare the changes in cellular luciferase activity following LCA treatment. Western blotting and RTqPCR were used to detect the activated signaling pathway and the expression levels of its downstream transcription factors in LCA-treated cells. The changes in PPARα protein expression level were detected in the cells following overexpression of the transcription factors. RESULTS Treatment with 100 μmol/L LCA significantly reduced luciferase activity of PPARα 3'UTR1 and 3'UTR2 in HepG2 cells by more than 50% (P<0.01) and induced significant upregulation of miR-21 and miR-22, especially the former (by 2.35 folds, P<0.05). Two predicted miR-21-binding sites in the 3'UTR1 were mutated to construct Mut1, Mut2 and Mut1+Mut2 reporter gene vectors. LCA treatment down-regulated 3'UTR1 luciferase activity by 51%, while Mut1, Mut2, and Mut1+Mut2 were down-regulated by 37%, 39%, and 13%, respectively. LCA caused ERK1/2 phosphorylation and activation of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway, and treatment with 100 μmol/L LCA upregulated the expression of transcription factor early growth response 1 (EGR1) by 5.83 folds (P<0.01). Transient overexpression of EGR1 significantly decreased cellular PPARα protein levels (P<0.05). CONCLUSION LCA reduces PPARα mRNA stability and thus decreases PPARα mRNA and protein expressions in hepatocytes by activating the ERK1/2 signaling pathway and upregulating EGR1 and miR-21, which targets 3'UTR regulatory region of PPARα mRNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- 碧滢 庞
- />广州大学生命科学学院,广东 广州 510000School of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - 娜娜 黄
- />广州大学生命科学学院,广东 广州 510000School of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - 晓霞 黄
- />广州大学生命科学学院,广东 广州 510000School of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - 馨 李
- />广州大学生命科学学院,广东 广州 510000School of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - 文婷 熊
- />广州大学生命科学学院,广东 广州 510000School of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - 波 孔
- />广州大学生命科学学院,广东 广州 510000School of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - 焱 姚
- />广州大学生命科学学院,广东 广州 510000School of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yang Y, Guo L, Chen L, Gong B, Jia D, Sun Q. Nuclear transport proteins: structure, function, and disease relevance. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:425. [PMID: 37945593 PMCID: PMC10636164 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01649-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper subcellular localization is crucial for the functioning of biomacromolecules, including proteins and RNAs. Nuclear transport is a fundamental cellular process that regulates the localization of many macromolecules within the nuclear or cytoplasmic compartments. In humans, approximately 60 proteins are involved in nuclear transport, including nucleoporins that form membrane-embedded nuclear pore complexes, karyopherins that transport cargoes through these complexes, and Ran system proteins that ensure directed and rapid transport. Many of these nuclear transport proteins play additional and essential roles in mitosis, biomolecular condensation, and gene transcription. Dysregulation of nuclear transport is linked to major human diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and viral infections. Selinexor (KPT-330), an inhibitor targeting the nuclear export factor XPO1 (also known as CRM1), was approved in 2019 to treat two types of blood cancers, and dozens of clinical trials of are ongoing. This review summarizes approximately three decades of research data in this field but focuses on the structure and function of individual nuclear transport proteins from recent studies, providing a cutting-edge and holistic view on the role of nuclear transport proteins in health and disease. In-depth knowledge of this rapidly evolving field has the potential to bring new insights into fundamental biology, pathogenic mechanisms, and therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Guo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Gong
- The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Da Jia
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Qingxiang Sun
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dang H, Sui M, He Q, Xie J, Liu Y, Hou P, Ji M. Pin1 inhibitor API-1 sensitizes BRAF-mutant thyroid cancers to BRAF inhibitors by attenuating HER3-mediated feedback activation of MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathways. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 248:125867. [PMID: 37473892 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
BRAFV600E mutation is one of the most therapeutic targets in thyroid cancers. However, its specific inhibitors have shown little clinical benefit because they can reactivate the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathways by feedback upregulating the transcription of HER3. Peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase Pin1 has been proven to be closely associated with tumor progression. Here, we aimed to determine antitumor activity of Pin1 inhibitor API-1 in thyroid cancer and its effect on cellular response to BRAF inhibitors. The results showed that API-1 exhibited strong antitumor activity against thyroid cancer. Meanwhile, it improved the response of BRAF-mutant thyroid cancer cells to BRAF inhibitor PLX4032 and there was a synergistic effect between them. Specially, a combination therapy of API-1 and PLX4032 significantly inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation, and the growth of xenograft tumors as well as induced cell apoptosis in BRAF-mutant thyroid cancer cells compared with API-1 or PLX4032 monotherapy. Similar results were also observed in transgenic mice with BrafV600E-driven thyroid cancer. Mechanistically, API-1 enhanced XPO5 ability to export pre-microRNA 20a (pre-miR-20a) from the nucleus to cytoplasm, thereby promoting the maturation of miR-20a-5p. Further studies showed that miR-20a-5p specifically targeted and down-regulated HER3, thereby blocking the reactivation of MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways caused by PLX4032. These results, taken together, demonstrate that Pin1 inhibitor API-1 significantly improves the sensitivity of BRAF-mutant thyroid cancer cells to PLX4032. Thus, this study not only determines the potential antitumor activity of Pin1 inhibitor API-1 in thyroid cancer but also offers an alternative therapeutic strategy for BRAF-mutant thyroid cancers by a combination of Pin1 inhibitor and BRAF kinase inhibitor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Dang
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China; Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Mengjun Sui
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China; Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Qingyuan He
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China; Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Jingyi Xie
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China; Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China; Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Peng Hou
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China; Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China.
| | - Meiju Ji
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Badr D, Fouad MA, Hussein M, Salem S, Zekri A, Shouman S. Rebound increase in microRNA levels at the end of 5-FU-based therapy in colorectal cancer patients. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14237. [PMID: 37648713 PMCID: PMC10469181 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41030-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) based therapy is still used for colorectal cancer (CRC). Epigenetics has become a focus of study in cancer because of its reversibility besides its known regulatory functions. In this study, we will monitor the change in microRNAs (miRNAs) levels with 5-FU-based therapy at baseline and after 3 and 6 months of treatment to be correlated with their prognostic potential. The expression levels of 5 miRNAs, namely miRNA223-3p, miRNA20a-5p, miRNA17-5p, miRNA19a-3p, and miRNA7-5p, were measured in the peripheral blood of 77 CRC patients, along with the expression of 3 proteins PTEN, ERK, and EGFR. At baseline, CRC patients had significantly higher levels of circulating miRNAs than healthy controls. This level was reduced after 3 months of 5-FU-based therapy, then increased after 6 months significantly in responder patients compared to non-responders. MiRNA19a-3p showed that significant pattern of change in the subgroups of patients with high ERK, EGFR, and PTEN protein levels, and its 6 months level after 5-FU-based therapy showed significance for the hazard of increased risk of disease recurrence and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doaa Badr
- Pharmacology and Experimental Oncology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mariam A Fouad
- Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center. 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA.
| | - Marwa Hussein
- Medical Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Salem Salem
- Medical Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdelrahman Zekri
- Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samia Shouman
- Pharmacology and Experimental Oncology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gong H, Xue B, Ru J, Pei G, Li Y. Targeted Therapy for EWS-FLI1 in Ewing Sarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4035. [PMID: 37627063 PMCID: PMC10452796 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15164035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (EwS) is a rare and predominantly pediatric malignancy of bone and soft tissue in children and adolescents. Although international collaborations have greatly improved the prognosis of most EwS, the occurrence of macrometastases or relapse remains challenging. The prototypic oncogene EWS-FLI1 acts as an aberrant transcription factor that drives the cellular transformation of EwS. In addition to its involvement in RNA splicing and the DNA damage response, this chimeric protein directly binds to GGAA repeats, thereby modifying the transcriptional profile of EwS. Direct pharmacological targeting of EWS-FLI1 is difficult because of its intrinsically disordered structure. However, targeting the EWS-FLI1 protein complex or downstream pathways provides additional therapeutic options. This review describes the EWS-FLI1 protein partners and downstream pathways, as well as the related target therapies for the treatment of EwS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helong Gong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110004, China;
| | - Busheng Xue
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China;
| | - Jinlong Ru
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Centre Munich, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
| | - Guoqing Pei
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China;
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110004, China;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sallis S, Bérubé-Simard FA, Grondin B, Leduc E, Azouz F, Bélanger C, Pilon N. The CHARGE syndrome-associated protein FAM172A controls AGO2 nuclear import. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202302133. [PMID: 37221016 PMCID: PMC10205598 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
CHARGE syndrome is a neural crest-related disorder mainly caused by mutation of the chromatin remodeler-coding gene CHD7 Alternative causes include mutation of other chromatin and/or splicing factors. One of these additional players is the poorly characterized FAM172A, which we previously found in a complex with CHD7 and the small RNA-binding protein AGO2 at the chromatin-spliceosome interface. Focusing on the FAM172A-AGO2 interplay, we now report that FAM172A is a direct binding partner of AGO2 and, as such, one of the long sought-after regulators of AGO2 nuclear import. We show that this FAM172A function mainly relies on its classical bipartite nuclear localization signal and associated canonical importin-α/β pathway, being enhanced by CK2-induced phosphorylation and abrogated by a CHARGE syndrome-associated missense mutation. Overall, this study thus strengthens the notion that noncanonical nuclear functions of AGO2 and associated regulatory mechanisms might be clinically relevant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sephora Sallis
- Molecular Genetics of Development Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines - Fondation Courtois, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Félix-Antoine Bérubé-Simard
- Molecular Genetics of Development Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Benoit Grondin
- Molecular Genetics of Development Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines - Fondation Courtois, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Leduc
- Molecular Genetics of Development Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines - Fondation Courtois, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Fatiha Azouz
- Molecular Genetics of Development Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines - Fondation Courtois, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Catherine Bélanger
- Molecular Genetics of Development Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Nicolas Pilon
- Molecular Genetics of Development Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines - Fondation Courtois, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Elsalahaty MI, Salama AF, Diab T, Ghazy M, Toraih E, Elshazli RM. Unleash Multifunctional Role of miRNA Biogenesis Gene Variants ( XPO5*rs34324334 and RAN*rs14035) with Susceptibility to Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Pers Med 2023; 13:959. [PMID: 37373948 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13060959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous reports have explored the roles of different genetic variants in miRNA biogenesis mechanisms and the progression of various types of carcinomas. The goal of this study is to explore the association between XPO5*rs34324334 and RAN*rs14035 gene variants and susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In a cohort of 234 participants (107 HCC patients and 127 unrelated cancer-free controls) from the same geographic region, we characterized allelic discrimination using PCR-RFLP and performed subgroup analysis and multivariate regression. We found that the frequency of the XPO5*rs34324334 (A) variant was correlated with elevated risk of HCC under allelic (OR = 10.09, p-value < 0.001), recessive (OR = 24.1, p-value < 0.001), and dominant (OR = 10.1, p-value < 0.001) models. A/A genotype was associated with hepatitis C cirrhosis (p-value = 0.012), ascites (p-value = 0.003), and higher levels of alpha-fetoproteins (p-value = 0.011). Carriers of the RAN*rs14035 (T) variant were more likely to develop HCC under allelic (OR = 1.76, p-value = 0.003) and recessive (OR = 3.27, p-value < 0.001) models. Our results suggest that XPO5*rs34324334 and RAN*rs14035 variants are independent risk factors for developing HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed I Elsalahaty
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Afrah F Salama
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Thoria Diab
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Medhat Ghazy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Eman Toraih
- Endocrine and Oncology Division, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Genetics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Rami M Elshazli
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Unit, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta 34517, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bortoletto AS, Parchem RJ. KRAS Hijacks the miRNA Regulatory Pathway in Cancer. Cancer Res 2023; 83:1563-1572. [PMID: 36946612 PMCID: PMC10183808 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-0296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Extensive studies have focused on the misregulation of individual miRNAs in cancer. More recently, mutations in the miRNA biogenesis and processing machinery have been implicated in several malignancies. Such mutations can lead to global miRNA misregulation, which may promote many of the well-known hallmarks of cancer. Interestingly, recent evidence also suggests that oncogenic Kristen rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) mutations act in part by modulating the activity of members of the miRNA regulatory pathway. Here, we highlight the vital role mutations in the miRNA core machinery play in promoting malignant transformation. Furthermore, we discuss how mutant KRAS can simultaneously impact multiple steps of miRNA processing and function to promote tumorigenesis. Although the ability of KRAS to hijack the miRNA regulatory pathway adds a layer of complexity to its oncogenic nature, it also provides a potential therapeutic avenue that has yet to be exploited in the clinic. Moreover, concurrent targeting of mutant KRAS and members of the miRNA core machinery represents a potential strategy for treating cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelina S. Bortoletto
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Neuroscience, Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Program, Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Ronald J. Parchem
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Neuroscience, Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Program, Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dai Q, Zhang LS, Sun HL, Pajdzik K, Yang L, Ye C, Ju CW, Liu S, Wang Y, Zheng Z, Zhang L, Harada BT, Dou X, Irkliyenko I, Feng X, Zhang W, Pan T, He C. Quantitative sequencing using BID-seq uncovers abundant pseudouridines in mammalian mRNA at base resolution. Nat Biotechnol 2023; 41:344-354. [PMID: 36302989 PMCID: PMC10017504 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-022-01505-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Functional characterization of pseudouridine (Ψ) in mammalian mRNA has been hampered by the lack of a quantitative method that maps Ψ in the whole transcriptome. We report bisulfite-induced deletion sequencing (BID-seq), which uses a bisulfite-mediated reaction to convert pseudouridine stoichiometrically into deletion upon reverse transcription without cytosine deamination. BID-seq enables detection of abundant Ψ sites with stoichiometry information in several human cell lines and 12 different mouse tissues using 10-20 ng input RNA. We uncover consensus sequences for Ψ in mammalian mRNA and assign different 'writer' proteins to individual Ψ deposition. Our results reveal a transcript stabilization role of Ψ sites installed by TRUB1 in human cancer cells. We also detect the presence of Ψ within stop codons of mammalian mRNA and confirm the role of Ψ in promoting stop codon readthrough in vivo. BID-seq will enable future investigations of the roles of Ψ in diverse biological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Dai
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Li-Sheng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Hui-Lung Sun
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kinga Pajdzik
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lei Yang
- First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang Ye
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Cheng-Wei Ju
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shun Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yuru Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zhong Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Linda Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bryan T Harada
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Dou
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Iryna Irkliyenko
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xinran Feng
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tao Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Alotaibi F. Exosomal microRNAs in cancer: Potential biomarkers and immunotherapeutic targets for immune checkpoint molecules. Front Genet 2023; 14:1052731. [PMID: 36873941 PMCID: PMC9982116 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1052731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles with a lipid bilayer structure secreted from different cell types which can be found in various body fluids including blood, pleural fluid, saliva and urine. They carry different biomolecules including proteins, metabolites, and amino acids such as microRNAs which are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression and promote cell-to-cell communication. One main function of the exosomal miRNAs (exomiRs) is their role in cancer pathogenesis. Alternation in exomiRs expression could indicate disease progression and can regulate cancer growth and facilitate drug response/resistance. It can also influence the tumour microenvironment by controlling important signaling that regulating immune checkpoint molecules leading to activation of T cell anti-tumour immunity. Therefore, they can be used as potential novel cancer biomarkers and innovative immunotherapeutic agents. This review highlights the use of exomiRs as potential reliable biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, treatment response and metastasis. Finally, discuses their potential as immunotherapeutic agents to regulate immune checkpoint molecules and promote T cell anti-tumour immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faizah Alotaibi
- College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
de Rooij LA, Mastebroek DJ, ten Voorde N, van der Wall E, van Diest PJ, Moelans CB. The microRNA Lifecycle in Health and Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235748. [PMID: 36497229 PMCID: PMC9736740 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs of ~22 nucleotides that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. They can bind to around 60% of all protein-coding genes with an average of 200 targets per miRNA, indicating their important function within physiological and pathological cellular processes. miRNAs can be quickly produced in high amounts through canonical and non-canonical pathways that involve a multitude of steps and proteins. In cancer, miRNA biogenesis, availability and regulation of target expression can be altered to promote tumour progression. This can be due to genetic causes, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms, epigenetic changes, differences in host gene expression, or chromosomal remodelling. Alternatively, post-transcriptional changes in miRNA stability, and defective or absent components and mediators of the miRNA-induced silencing complex can lead to altered miRNA function. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge on the lifecycle of miRNAs in health and cancer. Understanding miRNA function and regulation is fundamental prior to potential future application of miRNAs as cancer biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Adriana de Rooij
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-887-556-557
| | - Dirk Jan Mastebroek
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nicky ten Voorde
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elsken van der Wall
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Joannes van Diest
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cathy Beatrice Moelans
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Losurdo P, de Manzini N, Palmisano S, Grassi M, Parisi S, Rizzolio F, Tierno D, Biasin A, Grassi C, Truong NH, Grassi G. Potential Application of Small Interfering RNA in Gastro-Intestinal Tumors. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1295. [PMID: 36297407 PMCID: PMC9612316 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the progress made in the diagnoses and therapy of gastrointestinal cancers, these diseases are still plagued by a high mortality. Thus, novel therapeutic approaches are urgently required. In this regard, small interfering RNA (siRNA), double-stranded RNA molecules able to specifically target the mRNA of pathological genes, have the potential to be of therapeutic value. To be effective in the human body, siRNAs need to be protected against degradation. Additionally, they need to target the tumor, leaving the normal tissue untouched in an effort to preserve organ function. To accomplish these tasks, siRNAs have been formulated with smart delivery systems such has polymers and lipids. While siRNA protection is not particularly difficult to achieve, their targeting of tumor cells remains problematic. Here, after introducing the general features of gastrointestinal cancers, we describe siRNA characteristics together with representative delivery systems developed for gastrointestinal cancers. Afterward, we present a selection of research papers employing siRNAs against upper- and lower- gastrointestinal cancers. For the liver, we also consider papers using siRNAs to combat liver cirrhosis, a relevant risk factor for liver cancer development. Finally, we present a brief description of clinical trials employing siRNAs for gastrointestinal cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Losurdo
- Surgical Clinic Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Hospital of Cattinara, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital, Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Nicolò de Manzini
- Surgical Clinic Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Hospital of Cattinara, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Silvia Palmisano
- Surgical Clinic Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Hospital of Cattinara, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Mario Grassi
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, Trieste University, Via Valerio 6, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Salvatore Parisi
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Pordenone, 33081 Aviano, Italy
- Doctoral School in Molecular Biomedicine, University of Trieste, 34100 Trieste, Italy
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Pordenone, 33081 Aviano, Italy
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, 30123 Venezia, Italy
| | - Domenico Tierno
- Department of Life Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital, Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Alice Biasin
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, Trieste University, Via Valerio 6, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Chiara Grassi
- Degree Course in Medicine, University of Trieste, 34100 Trieste, Italy
| | - Nhung Hai Truong
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, VNUHCM—University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Application, VNUHCM—University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Gabriele Grassi
- Department of Life Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital, Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wu W, Xue X, Chen Y, Zheng N, Wang J. Targeting prolyl isomerase Pin1 as a promising strategy to overcome resistance to cancer therapies. Pharmacol Res 2022; 184:106456. [PMID: 36116709 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The development of tumor therapeutic resistance is one of the important reasons for the failure of antitumor therapy. Starting with multiple targets and multiple signaling pathways is helpful in understanding the mechanism of tumor resistance. The overexpression of prolyl isomerase Pin1 is highly correlated with the malignancy of cancer, since Pin1 controls many oncogenes and tumor suppressors, as well as a variety of cancer-driving signaling pathways. Strikingly, numerous studies have shown that Pin1 is directly involved in therapeutic resistance. In this review, we mainly summarize the functions and mechanisms of Pin1 in therapeutic resistance of multifarious cancers, such as breast, liver, and pancreatic carcinomas. Furtherly, from the perspective of Pin1-driven cancer signaling pathways including Raf/MEK/ERK, PI3K/Akt, Wnt/β-catenin, NF-κB, as well as Pin1 inhibitors containing juglone, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO), it is better to demonstrate the important potential role and mechanism of Pin1 in resistance and sensitization to cancer therapies. It will provide new therapeutic approaches for clinical reversal and prevention of tumor resistance by employing synergistic administration of Pin1 inhibitors and chemotherapeutics, implementing combination therapy of Pin1-related cancer signaling pathway inhibitors and Pin1 inhibitors, and exploiting novel Pin1-specific inhibitors.
Collapse
|
16
|
Chen S, Wang Y, Li D, Wang H, Zhao X, Yang J, Chen L, Guo M, Zhao J, Chen C, Zhou Y, Liang G, Xu L. Mechanisms Controlling MicroRNA Expression in Tumor. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182852. [PMID: 36139427 PMCID: PMC9496884 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are widely present in many organisms and regulate the expression of genes in various biological processes such as cell differentiation, metabolism, and development. Numerous studies have shown that miRNAs are abnormally expressed in tumor tissues and are closely associated with tumorigenesis. MiRNA-based cancer gene therapy has consistently shown promising anti-tumor effects and is recognized as a new field in cancer treatment. So far, some clinical trials involving the treatment of malignancies have been carried out; however, studies of miRNA-based cancer gene therapy are still proceeding slowly. Therefore, furthering our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of miRNA can bring substantial benefits to the development of miRNA-based gene therapy or other combination therapies and the clinical outcome of patients with cancer. Recent studies have revealed that the aberrant expression of miRNA in tumors is associated with promoter sequence mutation, epigenetic alteration, aberrant RNA modification, etc., showing the complexity of aberrant expression mechanisms of miRNA in tumors. In this paper, we systematically summarized the regulation mechanisms of miRNA expression in tumors, with the aim of providing assistance in the subsequent elucidation of the role of miRNA in tumorigenesis and the development of new strategies for tumor prevention and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shipeng Chen
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Hui Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Longqing Chen
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Mengmeng Guo
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhao
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Ya Zhou
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Medical Physics, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (G.L.); (L.X.)
| | - Guiyou Liang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550031, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (G.L.); (L.X.)
| | - Lin Xu
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (G.L.); (L.X.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Allegra A, Cicero N, Mirabile G, Cancemi G, Tonacci A, Musolino C, Gangemi S. Critical Role of Aquaporins in Cancer: Focus on Hematological Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4182. [PMID: 36077720 PMCID: PMC9455074 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Aquaporins are proteins able to regulate the transfer of water and other small substances such as ions, glycerol, urea, and hydrogen peroxide across cellular membranes. AQPs provide for a huge variety of physiological phenomena; their alteration provokes several types of pathologies including cancer and hematological malignancies. Our review presents data revealing the possibility of employing aquaporins as biomarkers in patients with hematological malignancies and evaluates the possibility that interfering with the expression of aquaporins could represent an effective treatment for hematological malignancies. Abstract Aquaporins are transmembrane molecules regulating the transfer of water and other compounds such as ions, glycerol, urea, and hydrogen peroxide. Their alteration has been reported in several conditions such as cancer. Tumor progression might be enhanced by aquaporins in modifying tumor angiogenesis, cell volume adaptation, proteases activity, cell–matrix adhesions, actin cytoskeleton, epithelial–mesenchymal transitions, and acting on several signaling pathways facilitating cancer progression. Close connections have also been identified between the aquaporins and hematological malignancies. However, it is difficult to identify a unique action exerted by aquaporins in different hemopathies, and each aquaporin has specific effects that vary according to the class of aquaporin examined and to the different neoplastic cells. However, the expression of aquaporins is altered in cell cultures and in patients with acute and chronic myeloid leukemia, in lymphoproliferative diseases and in multiple myeloma, and the different expression of aquaporins seems to be able to influence the efficacy of treatment and could have a prognostic significance, as greater expression of aquaporins is correlated to improved overall survival in leukemia patients. Finally, we assessed the possibility that modifying the aquaporin expression using aquaporin-targeting regulators, specific monoclonal antibodies, and even aquaporin gene transfer could represent an effective therapy of hematological malignancies.
Collapse
|
18
|
Vergara N, de Mier MVPR, Rodelo-Haad C, Revilla-González G, Membrives C, Díaz-Tocados JM, Martínez-Moreno JM, Torralbo AI, Herencia C, Rodríguez-Ortiz ME, López-Baltanás R, Richards WG, Felsenfeld A, Almadén Y, Martin-Malo A, Ureña J, Santamaría R, Soriano S, Rodríguez M, Muñoz-Castañeda JR. The direct effect of fibroblast growth factor 23 on vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype and function. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2022; 38:322-343. [PMID: 35867864 PMCID: PMC9923714 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfac220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, increased levels of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) are associated with cardiovascular mortality. The relationship between FGF23 and heart hypertrophy has been documented, however, it is not known whether FGF23 has an effect on vasculature. Vascular smooth muscle cells VSMCs may exhibit different phenotypes; our hypothesis is that FGF23 favours a switch from a contractile to synthetic phenotype that may cause vascular dysfunction. Our objective was to determine whether FGF23 may directly control a change in VSMC phenotype. METHODS This study includes in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo experiments and evaluation of patients with CKD stages 2-3 studying a relationship between FGF23 and vascular dysfunction. RESULTS In vitro studies show that high levels of FGF23, by acting on its specific receptor FGFR1 and Erk1/2, causes a change in the phenotype of VSMCs from contractile to synthetic. This change is mediated by a downregulation of miR-221/222, which augments the expression of MAP3K2 and PAK1. miR-221/222 transfections recovered the contractile phenotype of VSMCs. Infusion of recombinant FGF23 to rats increased vascular wall thickness, with VSMCs showing a synthetic phenotype with a reduction of miR-221 expression. Ex-vivo studies on aortic rings demonstrate also that high FGF23 increases arterial stiffening. In CKD 2-3 patients, elevation of FGF23 was associated with increased pulse wave velocity and reduced plasma levels of miR-221/222. CONCLUSION In VSMCs, high levels of FGF23, through the downregulation of miR-221/222, causes a change to a synthetic phenotype. This change in VSMCs increases arterial stiffening and impairs vascular function, which might ultimately worsen cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gonzalo Revilla-González
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Departemento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Cristina Membrives
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain,University of Cordoba, Spain
| | - Juan M Díaz-Tocados
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain,University of Cordoba, Spain
| | - Julio M Martínez-Moreno
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain,University of Cordoba, Spain
| | - Ana I Torralbo
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain,University of Cordoba, Spain
| | - Carmen Herencia
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain,University of Cordoba, Spain
| | | | - Rodrigo López-Baltanás
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain,University of Cordoba, Spain
| | | | - Arnold Felsenfeld
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System and the David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yolanda Almadén
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain,Internal Medicine Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain,Spanish Biomedical Research Networking Centre consortium for the area of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Martin-Malo
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain,University of Cordoba, Spain,Nephrology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain,Spanish Renal Research Network (REDinREN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain, and the European Uremic Toxins group
| | - Juan Ureña
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Departemento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Sagrario Soriano
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain,University of Cordoba, Spain,Nephrology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain,Spanish Renal Research Network (REDinREN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain, and the European Uremic Toxins group
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Qi Y, Ding L, Zhang S, Yao S, Ong J, Li Y, Wu H, Du P. A plant immune protein enables broad antitumor response by rescuing microRNA deficiency. Cell 2022; 185:1888-1904.e24. [PMID: 35623329 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells are featured with uncontrollable activation of cell cycle, and microRNA deficiency drives tumorigenesis. The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDR) is essential for small-RNA-mediated immune response in plants but is absent in vertebrates. Here, we show that ectopic expression of plant RDR1 can generally inhibit cancer cell proliferation. In many human primary tumors, abnormal microRNA isoforms with 1-nt-shorter 3' ends are widely accumulated. RDR1 with nucleotidyltransferase activity can recognize and modify the problematic AGO2-free microRNA duplexes with mononucleotides to restore their 2 nt overhang structure, which eventually rescues AGO2-loading efficiency and elevates global miRNA expression to inhibit cancer cell-cycle specifically. The broad antitumor effects of RDR1, which can be delivered by an adeno-associated virus, are visualized in multiple xenograft tumor models in vivo. Altogether, we reveal the widespread accumulation of aberrant microRNA isoforms in tumors and develop a plant RDR1-mediated antitumor stratagem by editing and repairing defective microRNAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Qi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Li Ding
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Siwen Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shengze Yao
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jennie Ong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yi Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hong Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Peng Du
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Li J, Zhou J, Mu X, Shen S, Xu X, Luo Y, Luo Y, Ming Y, Wu Y, Peng Y. Regulation of XPO5 phosphorylation by PP2A in hepatocellular carcinoma. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e125. [PMID: 35441157 PMCID: PMC9012160 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Exportin 5 (XPO5) is a shuttle protein that mediates precursor miRNA (pre‐miRNA) export from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, an important step in miRNA maturation. We previously demonstrated that XPO5 was phosphorylated by ERK kinase and subsequently underwent conformation change by the peptidyl‐prolyl isomerase Pin1, leading to the reduced miRNA expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Protein phosphorylation modification serves as a reversible regulatory mechanism precisely governed by protein kinases and phosphatases. Here we identified that the phosphatase PP2A catalyzed XPO5 dephosphorylation. PP2A holoenzyme is a ternary complex composed of a catalytic subunit, a scaffold subunit, and a regulatory subunit that determines substrate specificity. In this study, we characterized the involvement of B55β subunit in XPO5 dephosphorylation that favored the distribution of XPO5 into the cytoplasm and promoted miRNA expression, leading to HCC inhibition in vitro and in vivo. Our study demonstrates the regulatory role of B55β‐containing PP2A in miRNA expression and may shed light on HCC pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐related Molecular Network State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Jian‐Kang Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐related Molecular Network State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Xiaoyu Mu
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐related Molecular Network State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Shu Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐related Molecular Network State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Xiaomin Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐related Molecular Network State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Yao Luo
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐related Molecular Network State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Yuxin Luo
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐related Molecular Network State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Yue Ming
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐related Molecular Network State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Yuangang Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐related Molecular Network State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Yong Peng
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐related Molecular Network State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang X, Zhu Y, Xie Q. The promising role and prognostic value of miR-198 in human diseases. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:2749-2766. [PMID: 35559396 PMCID: PMC9091110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The importance of microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) has attracted more and more attention. MiRNA is an approximately 22-nucleotide, single-stranded, non-coding RNA molecule that affects the expression of downstream target genes. MiRNAs regulate the occurrence and development of human diseases. The objective of this article is to explore the abnormal expression of miR-198 in a variety of human diseases. The relationships between abnormally expressed miR-198 and clinicopathological characteristics are also summarized. Its roles in various diseases and potential molecular mechanisms include involvement in many biological processes, such as cell cycle regulation, proliferation, invasion, migration, apoptosis, and drug resistance. The potential value of miR-198 for disease diagnosis, treatment, and especially, prognosis, are discussed. More in-depth research on miRNA will support the conversion from basic research to clinical applications of this molecule.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Yanxia Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Qiuli Xie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Liang C, Huang M, Li T, Li L, Sussman H, Dai Y, Siemann DW, Xie M, Tang X. Towards an integrative understanding of cancer mechanobiology: calcium, YAP, and microRNA under biophysical forces. Soft Matter 2022; 18:1112-1148. [PMID: 35089300 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01618k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of studies have demonstrated the significant roles of the interplay between microenvironmental mechanics in tissues and biochemical-genetic activities in resident tumor cells at different stages of tumor progression. Mediated by molecular mechano-sensors or -transducers, biomechanical cues in tissue microenvironments are transmitted into the tumor cells and regulate biochemical responses and gene expression through mechanotransduction processes. However, the molecular interplay between the mechanotransduction processes and intracellular biochemical signaling pathways remains elusive. This paper reviews the recent advances in understanding the crosstalk between biomechanical cues and three critical biochemical effectors during tumor progression: calcium ions (Ca2+), yes-associated protein (YAP), and microRNAs (miRNAs). We address the molecular mechanisms underpinning the interplay between the mechanotransduction pathways and each of the three effectors. Furthermore, we discuss the functional interactions among the three effectors in the context of soft matter and mechanobiology. We conclude by proposing future directions on studying the tumor mechanobiology that can employ Ca2+, YAP, and miRNAs as novel strategies for cancer mechanotheraputics. This framework has the potential to bring insights into the development of novel next-generation cancer therapies to suppress and treat tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Liang
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering (HWCOE), Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
- UF Health Cancer Center (UFHCC), Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Miao Huang
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering (HWCOE), Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
- UF Health Cancer Center (UFHCC), Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Tianqi Li
- UF Health Cancer Center (UFHCC), Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine (COM), Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| | - Lu Li
- UF Health Cancer Center (UFHCC), Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine (COM), Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| | - Hayley Sussman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, COM, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Yao Dai
- UF Health Cancer Center (UFHCC), Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- UF Genetics Institute (UFGI), University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Dietmar W Siemann
- UF Health Cancer Center (UFHCC), Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- UF Genetics Institute (UFGI), University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Mingyi Xie
- UF Health Cancer Center (UFHCC), Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine (COM), Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering (COE), University of Delaware (UD), Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Xin Tang
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering (HWCOE), Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
- UF Health Cancer Center (UFHCC), Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Efficient and regulated nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of macromolecules to the correct subcellular compartment is critical for proper functions of the eukaryotic cell. The majority of the macromolecular traffic across the nuclear pores is mediated by the Karyopherin-β (or Kap) family of nuclear transport receptors. Work over more than two decades has shed considerable light on how the different Kap family members bring their respective cargoes into the nucleus or the cytoplasm in efficient and highly regulated manners. In this Review, we overview the main features and established functions of Kap family members, describe how Kaps recognize their cargoes and discuss the different ways in which these Kap-cargo interactions can be regulated, highlighting new findings and open questions. We also describe current knowledge of the import and export of the components of three large gene expression machines - the core replisome, RNA polymerase II and the ribosome - pointing out the questions that persist about how such large macromolecular complexes are trafficked to serve their function in a designated subcellular location.
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
MicroRNAs are RNAs of about 18-24 nucleotides in lengths, which are found in the small noncoding RNA class and have a crucial role in the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression, cellular metabolic pathways, and developmental events. These small but essential molecules are first processed by Drosha and DGCR8 in the nucleus and then released into the cytoplasm, where they cleaved by Dicer to form the miRNA duplex. These duplexes are bound by the Argonaute (AGO) protein to form the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) in a process called RISC loading. Transcription of miRNAs, processing with Drosha and DGCR8 in the nucleus, cleavage by Dicer, binding to AGO proteins and forming RISC are the most critical steps in miRNA biogenesis. Additional molecules involved in biogenesis at these stages can enhance or inhibit these processes, which can radically change the fate of the cell. Biogenesis is regulated by many checkpoints at every step, primarily at the transcriptional level, in the nucleus, cytoplasm, with RNA regulation, RISC loading, miRNA strand selection, RNA methylation/uridylation, and turnover rate. Moreover, in recent years, different regulation mechanisms have been discovered in noncanonical Drosha or Dicer-independent pathways. This chapter seeks answers to how miRNA biogenesis and function are regulated through both canonical and non-canonical pathways.
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhu Y, Gu L, Lin X, Zhou X, Lu B, Liu C, Lei C, Zhou F, Zhao Q, Prochownik EV, Li Y. USP19 exacerbates lipogenesis and colorectal carcinogenesis by stabilizing ME1. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110174. [PMID: 34965422 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipogenesis plays a critical role in colorectal carcinogenesis, but precisely how remains unclear. Here, we show that ERK2 phosphorylates ME1 at T103, thereby inhibiting its polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation and enhancing its interaction with USP19. USP19 antagonizes RNF1-mediated ME1 degradation by deubiquitination, which in turn promotes lipid metabolism and NADPH production and suppresses ROS. Meanwhile, ROS dramatically increases PD-L1 mRNA levels through accelerating expression of the transcription factor NRF2. Increased lipid metabolism is correlated with ERK2 activity and colorectal carcinogenesis in human patients. Therefore, the combination of ERK2 inhibitor and anti-PD-L1 antibody significantly inhibits spontaneous and chemically induced colorectal carcinogenesis. Collectively, the USP19-ME1 axis plays a vital role in colorectal carcinogenesis and may also provide a potential therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Zhu
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Li Gu
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xi Lin
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xinyi Zhou
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Bingjun Lu
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Caoqi Lei
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory for Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Qiu Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory for Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Edward V Prochownik
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, The Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Pittsburgh Liver Research Center and The Hillman Cancer Center of UPMC, The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Youjun Li
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chen J, Hu Y, Teng Y, Yang B. Increased Nuclear Transporter Importin 7 Contributes to the Tumor Growth and Correlates With CD8 T Cell Infiltration in Cervical Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:732786. [PMID: 34650978 PMCID: PMC8505702 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.732786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Importin 7 (IPO7), a karyopherin-β protein, is involved in various tumorigenesis and progression abilities by mediating the nuclear import of oncoproteins. However, the exact biological functions of IPO7 remain to be further elucidated. Materials and Methods: TCGA and GEO datasets were used to identify dysregulated expression of IPO7 in various cancers. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function analyses were used to identify the oncogenic functions of IPO7 in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, LC-MS/MS and parallel reaction monitoring analysis were used to comparatively profiled IPO7-related proteomics and potential molecular machinery. Results: Our works demonstrated that the expression of IPO7 was upregulated and was correlated with a poor prognosis in cervical cancer. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that knockdown of IPO7 inhibited the proliferation of HeLa and C-4 I cells. LC-MS/MS analysis showed that IPO7-related cargo proteins mainly were enriched in gene transcription regulation. Then independent PRM analysis for the first time demonstrated that 32 novel IPO7 cargo proteins, such as GTF2I, RORC1, PSPC1, and RBM25. Moreover, IPO7 contributed to activating the PI3K/AKT-mTOR pathway by mediating the nuclear import of GTF2I in cervical cancer cells. Intriguingly, we found that the IPO7 expression was negatively correlated with CD8 T cell infiltration via regulating the expression of CD276 in cervical cancer. Conclusion: This study enhances our understanding of IPO7 nuclear-cytoplasmic translocation and might reveal novel potential therapeutic targets. The results of a negative correlation between the IPO7 and CD8 T cell infiltration indicate that the IPO7 might play an important impact on the immune microenvironment of cervical cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yincheng Teng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - BiKang Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Otmani K, Lewalle P. Tumor Suppressor miRNA in Cancer Cells and the Tumor Microenvironment: Mechanism of Deregulation and Clinical Implications. Front Oncol 2021; 11:708765. [PMID: 34722255 PMCID: PMC8554338 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.708765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNAs that have been identified as important posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression. miRNAs production is controlled at multiple levels, including transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation. Extensive profiling studies have shown that the regulation of mature miRNAs expression plays a causal role in cancer development and progression. miRNAs have been identified to act as tumor suppressors (TS) or as oncogenes based on their modulating effect on the expression of their target genes. Upregulation of oncogenic miRNAs blocks TS genes and leads to tumor formation. In contrast, downregulation of miRNAs with TS function increases the translation of oncogenes. Several miRNAs exhibiting TS properties have been studied. In this review we focus on recent studies on the role of TS miRNAs in cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME). Furthermore, we discuss how TS miRNA impacts the aggressiveness of cancer cells, with focus of the mechanism that regulate its expression. The study of the mechanisms of miRNA regulation in cancer cells and the TME may paved the way to understand its critical role in the development and progression of cancer and is likely to have important clinical implications in a near future. Finally, the potential roles of miRNAs as specific biomarkers for the diagnosis and the prognosis of cancer and the replacement of tumor suppressive miRNAs using miRNA mimics could be promising approaches for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Otmani
- Experimental Hematology Laboratory, Jules Bordet Institute, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhao Y, Kang JH, Yoo KC, Kang SG, Lee HJ, Lee SJ. K-RAS Acts as a Critical Regulator of CD44 to Promote the Invasiveness and Stemness of GBM in Response to Ionizing Radiation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10923. [PMID: 34681583 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222010923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is a current standard-of-care treatment and is used widely for GBM patients. However, radiation therapy still remains a significant barrier to getting a successful outcome due to the therapeutic resistance and tumor recurrence. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of this resistance and recurrence would provide an efficient approach for improving the therapy for GBM treatment. Here, we identified a regulatory mechanism of CD44 which induces infiltration and mesenchymal shift of GBM. Ionizing radiation (IR)-induced K-RAS/ERK signaling activation elevates CD44 expression through downregulation of miR-202 and miR-185 expression. High expression of CD44 promotes SRC activation to induce cancer stemness and EMT features of GBM cells. In this study, we demonstrate that the K-RAS/ERK/CD44 axis is a key mechanism in regulating mesenchymal shift of GBM cells after irradiation. These findings suggest that blocking the K-RAS activation or CD44 expression could provide an efficient way for GBM treatment.
Collapse
|
29
|
Fonseca A, Ramalhete SV, Mestre A, Pires das Neves R, Marreiros A, Castelo-Branco P, Roberto VP. Identification of colorectal cancer associated biomarkers: an integrated analysis of miRNA expression. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:21991-22029. [PMID: 34547721 PMCID: PMC8507258 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. This complex disease still holds severe problems concerning diagnosis due to the high invasiveness nature of colonoscopy and the low accuracy of the alternative diagnostic methods. Additionally, patient heterogeneity even within the same stage is not properly reflected in the current stratification system. This scenario highlights the need for new biomarkers to improve non-invasive screenings and clinical management of patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as good candidate biomarkers in cancer as they are stable molecules, easily measurable and detected in body fluids thus allowing for non-invasive diagnosis and/or prognosis. In this study, we performed an integrated analysis first using 4 different datasets (discovery cohorts) to identify miRNAs associated with colorectal cancer development, unveil their role in this disease by identifying putative targets and regulatory networks and investigate their ability to serve as biomarkers. We have identified 26 differentially expressed miRNAs which interact with frequently deregulated genes known to participate in commonly altered pathways in colorectal cancer. Most of these miRNAs have high diagnostic power, and their prognostic potential is evidenced by panels of 5 miRNAs able to predict the outcome of stage II and III colorectal cancer patients. Notably, 8 miRNAs were validated in three additional independent cohorts (validation cohorts) including a plasma cohort thus reinforcing the value of miRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André Fonseca
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Sara Ventura Ramalhete
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal.,Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Faro 8005-139, Portugal
| | - André Mestre
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal.,Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Faro 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Pires das Neves
- CNC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-517, Portugal.,IIIUC-Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3030-789, Portugal
| | - Ana Marreiros
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal.,Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Faro 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Pedro Castelo-Branco
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal.,Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Faro 8005-139, Portugal.,Champalimaud Research Program, Champalimaud Center for the Unknown, Lisbon 1400-038, Portugal
| | - Vânia Palma Roberto
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal.,Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Faro 8005-139, Portugal.,Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Shi Y, Liu Z, Lin Q, Luo Q, Cen Y, Li J, Fang X, Gong C. MiRNAs and Cancer: Key Link in Diagnosis and Therapy. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1289. [PMID: 34440464 DOI: 10.3390/genes12081289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of the first microRNA (miRNA), the exploration of miRNA biology has come to a new era in recent decades. Monumental studies have proven that miRNAs can be dysregulated in different types of cancers and the roles of miRNAs turn out to function to either tumor promoters or tumor suppressors. The interplay between miRNAs and the development of cancers has grabbed attention of miRNAs as novel tools and targets for therapeutic attempts. Moreover, the development of miRNA delivery system accelerates miRNA preclinical implications. In this review, we depict recent advances of miRNAs in cancer and discuss the potential diagnostic or therapeutic approaches of miRNAs.
Collapse
|
31
|
Özdaş S, Canatar İ, Özdaş T. Effects of Knockdown of XPO5 by siRNA on the Biological Behavior of Head and Neck Cancer Cells. Laryngoscope 2021; 132:569-577. [PMID: 34328643 DOI: 10.1002/lary.29787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Dysregulated expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) and dysregulation of the mechanisms that regulate them are associated with carcinogenesis. Exportin-5 (XPO5), a member of the Karyopherin family, is responsible for the transfer of pre-miRNAs from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Despite the high oncogenic potential of XPO5 as a critical regulator of the biogenesis of miRNAs, its role in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) biology has not been explained yet. STUDY DESIGN In-vitro translational. METHODS The expression of XPO5 at the mRNA, protein, and intracellular level in SCC-9, FaDu SCC-90, and Detroit-562 cell lines were evaluated with quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western-blot analysis, and immunofluorescence staining, respectively. The functional role of XPO5 in HNSCC was analyzed by silencing the gene expression with XPO5-small interfering RNA (siRNA) in the in vitro model. Cell proliferation, migration capacity, and apoptosis in XPO5 knockdown HNSCC cell lines were evaluated by MTT, wound-healing, and caspase-3 assay, respectively. RESULTS Expression of XPO5 was determined to be upregulated at mRNA, protein, and intracellular level in metastatic cells compared to primary cells in HNSCC. XPO5 gene expression was knockdown by XPO5-siRNA transfection, verifying that it was suppressed at the mRNA, protein, and intracellular level. Silencing XPO5 caused a decrease in cell proliferation, delay in wound healing, and increase in Caspase-3 enzyme activity in HNSCC cell lines compared to control. CONCLUSIONS This report is the first to describe the oncogenic role of XPO5 in HNSCC biology by in vitro experiments. Consequently, XPO5 can be used as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target molecule against the disease in the diagnosis-treatment-follow-up of HNSCC. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE N/A Laryngoscope, 2021.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Özdaş
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Adana Alpaslan Türkeş Science and Technology University, Adana, Turkey
| | - İpek Canatar
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Adana Alpaslan Türkeş Science and Technology University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Talih Özdaş
- Department of ENT, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Health Science University, Adana, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ma J, Yan T, Bai Y, Ye M, Ma C, Ma X, Zhang L. TMEM100 negatively regulated by microRNA‑106b facilitates cellular apoptosis by suppressing survivin expression in NSCLC. Oncol Rep 2021; 46:185. [PMID: 34278505 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a common malignant tumour. Nevertheless, the 5‑year survival rate of NSCLC patients remains poor. Thus, identifying critical factors involved in regulating the progression of NSCLC is important for providing potential treatment targets. In the present study, it was observed that transmembrane protein 100 (TMEM100) was significantly downregulated in NSCLC tissues compared with paired peritumoral tissues. Decreased TMEM100 expression was associated with poor clinical outcomes in NSCLC patients. Moreover, TMEM100 overexpression inhibited colony formation and facilitated apoptosis by suppressing survivin expression in NSCLC cells, whereas TMEM100 knockdown had the opposite effect. In addition, microRNA (miR)‑106b, a miR with controversial roles in different human cancers, was upregulated in NSCLC and directly downregulated TMEM100 expression. The roles of miR‑106b in cell survival were mitigated by the restoration of TMEM100. The aforementioned results indicated that TMEM100 induced cell apoptosis and inhibited cell survival by serving as a tumour suppressor and that miR‑106b‑mitigatedTMEM100 expression defined a potentially oncogenic pathway in NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ma
- Eye Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Yan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Yongrui Bai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Ming Ye
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Chunhui Ma
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Xiumei Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Qin S, Xu J, Yi Y, Jiang S, Jin P, Xia X, Ma F. Transcription Factors and Methylation Drive Prognostic miRNA Dysregulation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:691115. [PMID: 34307154 PMCID: PMC8297977 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.691115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many dysregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) have been suggested to serve as oncogenes or tumor suppressors to act as diagnostic and prognostic factors for HCC patients. However, the dysregulated mechanisms of miRNAs in HCC remain largely unknown. Herein, we firstly identify 114 disordered mature miRNAs in HCC, 93 of them are caused by dysregulated transcription factors, and 10 of them are driven by the DNA methylation of their promoter regions. Secondly, we find that seven up-regulated miRNAs (miR-9-5p, miR-452-5p, miR-452-3p, miR-1180-3p, miR-4746-5p, miR-3677-3 and miR-4661-5p) can promote tumorigenesis via inhibiting multiple tumor suppressor genes participated in metabolism, which may act as oncogenes, and seven down-regulated miRNAs (miR-99-5p, miR-5589-5p, miR-5589-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-139-3p, miR-101-3p and miR-125b-5p) can suppress abnormal cell proliferation via suppressing a number of oncogenes involved in cancer-related pathways, which may serve as tumor suppressors. Thirdly, our findings reveal a mechanism that transcription factor and miRNA interplay can form various regulatory loops to synergistically control the occurrence and development of HCC. Finally, our results demonstrate that this key transcription factor FOXO1 can activate a certain number of tumor suppressor miRNAs to improve the survival of HCC patients, suggesting FOXO1 as an effective therapeutic target for HCC patients. Overall, our study not only reveals the dysregulated mechanisms of miRNAs in HCC, but provides several novel prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for HCC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Qin
- Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jieyun Xu
- Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunmeng Yi
- Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sizhu Jiang
- College of Arts and Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ping Jin
- Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyi Xia
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Ma
- Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
The perineural invasion (PNI), which refers to tumor cells encroaching on nerve, is a clinical feature frequently occurred in various malignant tumors, and responsible for postoperative recurrence, metastasis and decreased survival. The pathogenesis of PNI switches from 'low-resistance channel' hypothesis to 'mutual attraction' theory between peripheral nerves and tumor cells in perineural niche. Among various molecules in perineural niche, microRNA (miRNA) as an emerging modulator of PNI through generating RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) to orchestrate oncogene and anti-oncogene has aroused a wide attention. This article systematically reviewed the role of microRNA in PNI, promising to identify new biomarkers and offer cancer therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), No.14, Sec. 3, Renminnan Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hong-Chun Xian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral Pathology, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), No.14, Sec. 3, Renminnan Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Li Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), No.14, Sec. 3, Renminnan Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ya-Ling Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral Pathology, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), No.14, Sec. 3, Renminnan Road, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Xin-Hua Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), No.14, Sec. 3, Renminnan Road, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Li LM, Chen C, Ran RX, Huang JT, Sun HL, Zeng C, Zhang Z, Zhang W, Liu SM. Loss of TARBP2 Drives the Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma via miR-145-SERPINE1 Axis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:620912. [PMID: 34249676 PMCID: PMC8265608 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.620912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain dismal. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms for the progression of aggressive HCC holds the promise for developing novel intervention strategies. The transactivation response element RNA-binding protein (TRBP/TARBP2), a key component of microRNA (miRNA) processing and maturation machinery has been shown to play conflicting roles in tumor development and progression. We sought to investigate the expression of TARBP2 in HCC using well-characterized HCC cell lines, patient-derived tissues and blood samples. Additionally, the potential prognostic and diagnostic value of TARBP2 in HCC were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier plots and ROC curve. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), wound healing and transwell assays examined the ability of TARBP2 to induce cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in HCC cell lines. RNA sequencing was applied to identify the downstream elements of TARBP2. The interaction of potential targets of TARBP2, miR-145 and serpin family E member 1 (SERPINE1), was assessed using luciferase reporter assay. TARBP2 expression was down-regulated in HCC cell lines relative to normal hepatocyte cells, with a similar pattern further confirmed in tissue and blood samples. Notably, the loss of TARBP2 was demonstrated to promote proliferation, migration, and invasion in HCC cell lines. Interestingly, the reduction of TARBP2 was shown to result in the upregulation of SERPINE1, also known as plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1), which is a vital gene of the HIF-1 signaling pathway. Knockdown of SERPINE1 rescued the TARBP2-lost phenotype. Moreover, TARBP2 depletion induced the upregulation of SERPINE1 through reducing the processing of miR-145, which directly targets SERPINE1. Finally, overexpression of miR-145 repressed SERPINE1 and rescued the functions in sh-TARBP2 HCC cells. Our findings underscore a linear TARBP2-miR-145-SERPINE1 pathway that drives HCC progression, with the potential as a novel intervention target for aggressive HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Man Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Center for Gene Diagnosis, and Program of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chang Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ruo-Xi Ran
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Center for Gene Diagnosis, and Program of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing-Tao Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Center for Gene Diagnosis, and Program of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui-Lung Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Chang Zeng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Zhou Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.,Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Song-Mei Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Center for Gene Diagnosis, and Program of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Xuan Z, Chen C, Tang W, Ye S, Zheng J, Zhao Y, Shi Z, Zhang L, Sun H, Shao C. TKI-Resistant Renal Cancer Secretes Low-Level Exosomal miR-549a to Induce Vascular Permeability and Angiogenesis to Promote Tumor Metastasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:689947. [PMID: 34179017 PMCID: PMC8222687 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.689947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI)-resistant renal cancer is highly susceptible to metastasis, and enhanced vascular permeability promotes the process of metastasis. To evaluate the effect of cancer-derived exosomes on vascular endothelial cells and clarify the mechanism of metastasis in TKI-resistant renal cancer, we studied the crosstalk between clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Exosomes from ccRCC cells enhanced the expression of vascular permeability-related proteins. Compared with sensitive strains, exosomes from resistant strains significantly enhanced vascular endothelial permeability, induced tumor angiogenesis and enhanced tumor lung metastasis in nude mice. The expression of miR-549a is lower in TKI-resistant cells and exosomes, which enhanced the expression of HIF1α in endothelial cells. In addition, TKI-resistant RCC cells reduced nuclear output of pre-miR-549a via the VEGFR2-ERK-XPO5 pathway, and reduced enrichment of mature miR-549a in cytoplasm, which in turn promoted HIF1α expression in RCC, leading to increased VEGF secretion and further activated VEGFR2 to form a feedback effect. miR-549a played an important role in the metastasis of renal cancer and might serve as a blood biomarker for ccRCC metastasis and even had the potential of becoming a new drug to inhibit TKI-resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuodong Xuan
- Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wenbin Tang
- Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shaopei Ye
- Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | | | - Yue Zhao
- Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhiyuan Shi
- Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Huimin Sun
- Department of Urology Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chen Shao
- Department of Urology Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zhao B, Zhou B, Shi K, Zhang R, Dong C, Xie D, Tang L, Tian Y, Qian Z, Yang L. Sustained and targeted delivery of siRNA/DP7-C nanoparticles from injectable thermosensitive hydrogel for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:2481-2492. [PMID: 33792132 PMCID: PMC8177784 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most lethal cancers in humans. The inhibition of peptidyl‐prolyl cis/trans isomerase (Pin1) gene expression may have great potential in the treatment of HCC. N‐Acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) was used to target the liver. Cholesterol‐modified antimicrobial peptide DP7 (DP7‐C) acts as a carrier, the GalNAc‐siRNA/DP7‐C complex increases the uptake of GalNAc‐siRNA and the escape of endosomes in hepatocytes. In addition, DP7‐C nanoparticles and hydrogel‐assisted GalNAc‐Pin1 siRNA delivery can effectively enhance the stability and prolong the silencing effects of Pin1 siRNA. In an orthotopic liver cancer model, the GalNAc‐Pin1 siRNA/DP7‐C/hydrogel complex can potentially regulate Pin1 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma cells and effectively inhibit tumor progression. Our study proves that Pin1 siRNA is an efficient method for the treatment of HCC and provides a sustainable and effective drug delivery system for the suppression of liver cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Bailing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Kun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunyan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Daoyuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaomei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiyong Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Budakoti M, Panwar AS, Molpa D, Singh RK, Büsselberg D, Mishra AP, Coutinho HDM, Nigam M. Micro-RNA: The darkhorse of cancer. Cell Signal 2021; 83:109995. [PMID: 33785398 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.109995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of micro RNAs (miRNA) in cancer has opened up new vistas for researchers in recent years. Micro RNAs area set of small, endogenous, highly conserved, non-coding RNAs that control the expression of about 30% genes at post-transcriptional levels. Typically, microRNAs impede the translation and stability of messenger RNAs (mRNA), control genes associated with cellular processes namely inflammation, cell cycle regulation, stress response, differentiation, apoptosis, and migration. Compelling findings revealed that miRNA mutations or disruption correspond to diverse human cancers and suggest that miRNAs can function as tumor suppressors or oncogenes. Here we summarize the literature on these master regulators in clinical settings from last three decades as both abrupt cancer therapeutics and as an approach to sensitize tumors to chemotherapy. This review highlights (I) the prevailing perception of miRNA genomics, biogenesis, as well as function; (II) the significant advancements in regulatory mechanisms in the expression of carcinogenic genes; and (III) explains, how miRNA is utilized as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for the disease stage indicating survival as well as therapeutic targets in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mridul Budakoti
- Department of Biochemistry, H. N. B. Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal 246174, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Abhay Shikhar Panwar
- Department of Biochemistry, H. N. B. Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal 246174, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Diksha Molpa
- Department of Biochemistry, H. N. B. Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal 246174, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rahul Kunwar Singh
- Department of Microbiology, H. N. B. Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal 246174, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar.
| | - Abhay Prakash Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, H. N. B. Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal 246174, Uttarakhand, India.
| | | | - Manisha Nigam
- Department of Biochemistry, H. N. B. Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal 246174, Uttarakhand, India.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
The development of biological technologies in genomics, proteomics, and bioinformatics has led to the identification and characterization of the complete set of coding genes and their roles in various cellular pathways in cancer. Nevertheless, the cellular pathways have not been fully figured out like a jigsaw puzzle with missing pieces. The discovery of noncoding RNAs including microRNAs (miRNAs) has provided the missing pieces of the cellular pathways. Likewise, miRNAs have settled many questions of inexplicable patches in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathways. The ER stress-caused pathways typified by the unfolded protein response (UPR) are pivotal processes for cellular homeostasis and survival, rectifying uncontrolled proteostasis and determining the cell fate. Although various factors and pathways have been studied and characterized, the understanding of the ER stress requires more wedges to fill the cracks of knowledge about the ER stress pathways. Moreover, the roles of the ER stress and UPR are still controversial in cancer despite their strong potential to promote cancer. The noncoding RNAs, in particular, miRNAs aid in a better understanding of the ER stress and its role in cancer. In this review, miRNAs that are the more-investigated subtype of noncoding RNAs are focused on the interpretation of the ER stress in cancer, following the introduction of miRNA and ER stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taewan Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Histology & Developmental Biology, Base for International Science and Technology Cooperation, Carson Cancer Stem Cell Vaccines R&D Center, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518055, China; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Carlo M Croce
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
While the processing of mRNA is essential for gene expression, recent findings have highlighted that RNA processing is systematically altered in cancer. Mutations in RNA splicing factor genes and the shortening of 3' untranslated regions are widely observed. Moreover, evidence is accumulating that other types of RNAs, including circular RNAs, can contribute to tumorigenesis. In this Review, we highlight how altered processing or activity of coding and non-coding RNAs contributes to cancer. We introduce the regulation of gene expression by coding and non-coding RNA and discuss both established roles (microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs) and emerging roles (selective mRNA processing and circular RNAs) for RNAs, highlighting the potential mechanisms by which these RNA subtypes contribute to cancer. The widespread alteration of coding and non-coding RNA demonstrates that altered RNA biogenesis contributes to multiple hallmarks of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J Goodall
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
- Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
- School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Vihandha O Wickramasinghe
- RNA Biology and Cancer Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Sun HL, Zhu AC, Gao Y, Terajima H, Fei Q, Liu S, Zhang L, Zhang Z, Harada BT, He YY, Bissonnette MB, Hung MC, He C. Stabilization of ERK-Phosphorylated METTL3 by USP5 Increases m 6A Methylation. Mol Cell 2020; 80:633-647.e7. [PMID: 33217317 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant mRNA modification and is installed by the METTL3-METTL14-WTAP methyltransferase complex. Although the importance of m6A methylation in mRNA metabolism has been well documented recently, regulation of the m6A machinery remains obscure. Through a genome-wide CRISPR screen, we identify the ERK pathway and USP5 as positive regulators of the m6A deposition. We find that ERK phosphorylates METTL3 at S43/S50/S525 and WTAP at S306/S341, followed by deubiquitination by USP5, resulting in stabilization of the m6A methyltransferase complex. Lack of METTL3/WTAP phosphorylation reduces decay of m6A-labeled pluripotent factor transcripts and traps mouse embryonic stem cells in the pluripotent state. The same phosphorylation can also be found in ERK-activated human cancer cells and contribute to tumorigenesis. Our study reveals an unrecognized function of ERK in regulating m6A methylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Lung Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Allen C Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yawei Gao
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hideki Terajima
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Qili Fei
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Shun Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Linda Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Zijie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Bryan T Harada
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yu-Ying He
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Marc B Bissonnette
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | - Chuan He
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Li Y, Xia J, Shao F, Zhou Y, Yu J, Wu H, Du J, Ren X. Sorafenib induces mitochondrial dysfunction and exhibits synergistic effect with cysteine depletion by promoting HCC cells ferroptosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 534:877-884. [PMID: 33162029 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.10.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant cancers worldwide. The prognosis of HCC remains poor. Currently, sorafenib is the first-line drug for advanced HCC. Although sorafenib's mechanism of action involving several established cancer-related protein kinase targets is well-characterized, the underlying molecular mechanism is still unclear. Here, we found that sorafenib inhibited viability, proliferation, and migration of HCC cells in a dose-dependent manner. Sorafenib treatment of HCC cells destroyed mitochondrial morphology, accompanied by decreased activity of oxidative phosphorylation, collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential, and reduced synthesis of ATP, with consequent cell death due to ferroptosis. Pharmacological utilization of glutathione (GSH) rescued the sorafenib-induced ferroptosis, eliminated the accumulation of cellular mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), and lipid peroxide. GSH depletion through cysteine deprivation or cysteinase inhibition exacerbated sorafenib-induced ferroptotic cell death and lipid peroxides generation, and enhanced oxidative stress and mitochondrial ROS accumulation. Collectively, these findings indicate that depletion of cysteine acts synergistically with sorafenib and renders HCC cells vulnerable to ferroptosis, presenting the potential value of new therapeutic combinations for advanced HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanchun Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Jun Xia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Fangchun Shao
- Department of Respiratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangxin District People's Hospital, Shangrao, Jiangxi, 334100, China
| | - Jiaqi Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Hengyu Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Jing Du
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China.
| | - Xueying Ren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Garrido MP, Torres I, Avila A, Chnaiderman J, Valenzuela-Valderrama M, Aramburo J, Oróstica L, Durán-Jara E, Lobos-Gonzalez L, Romero C. NGF/TRKA Decrease miR-145-5p Levels in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7657. [PMID: 33081171 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) and its high-affinity receptor tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TRKA) increase their expression during the progression of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), promoting cell proliferation and angiogenesis through several oncogenic proteins, such as c-MYC and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The expression of these proteins is controlled by microRNAs (miRs), such as miR-145, whose dysregulation has been related to cancer. The aims of this work were to evaluate in EOC cells whether NGF/TRKA decreases miR-145 levels, and the effect of miR-145 upregulation. The levels of miR-145-5p were assessed by qPCR in ovarian biopsies and ovarian cell lines (human ovarian surface epithelial cells (HOSE), A2780 and SKOV3) stimulated with NGF. Overexpression of miR-145 in ovarian cells was used to evaluate cell proliferation, migration, invasion, c-MYC and VEGF protein levels, as well as tumor formation and metastasis in vivo. In EOC samples, miR-145-5p levels were lower than in epithelial ovarian tumors. Overexpression of miR-145 decreased cell proliferation, migration and invasion of EOC cells, changes that were concomitant with the decrease in c-MYC and VEGF protein levels. We observed decreased tumor formation and suppressed metastasis behavior in mice injected with EOC cells that overexpressed miR-145. As expected, ovarian cell lines stimulated with NGF diminished miR-145-5p transcription and abundance. These results suggest that the tumoral effects of NGF/TRKA depend on the regulation of miR-145-5p levels in EOC cells, and that its upregulation could be used as a possible therapeutic strategy for EOC.
Collapse
|
44
|
Pu W, Li J, Peng Y. Cysteine-113 covalency inspires the development of Pin1 inhibitor. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:225. [PMID: 33024085 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00339-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
|
45
|
Lee TJ, Yuan X, Kerr K, Yoo JY, Kim DH, Kaur B, Eltzschig HK. Strategies to Modulate MicroRNA Functions for the Treatment of Cancer or Organ Injury. Pharmacol Rev 2020; 72:639-667. [PMID: 32554488 DOI: 10.1124/pr.119.019026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer and organ injury-such as that occurring in the perioperative period, including acute lung injury, myocardial infarction, and acute gut injury-are among the leading causes of death in the United States and impose a significant impact on quality of life. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been studied extensively during the last two decades for their role as regulators of gene expression, their translational application as diagnostic markers, and their potential as therapeutic targets for disease treatment. Despite promising preclinical outcomes implicating miRNA targets in disease treatment, only a few miRNAs have reached clinical trials. This likely relates to difficulties in the delivery of miRNA drugs to their targets to achieve efficient inhibition or overexpression. Therefore, understanding how to efficiently deliver miRNAs into diseased tissues and specific cell types in patients is critical. This review summarizes current knowledge on various approaches to deliver therapeutic miRNAs or miRNA inhibitors and highlights current progress in miRNA-based disease therapy that has reached clinical trials. Based on ongoing advances in miRNA delivery, we believe that additional therapeutic approaches to modulate miRNA function will soon enter routine medical treatment of human disease, particularly for cancer or perioperative organ injury. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: MicroRNAs have been studied extensively during the last two decades in cancer and organ injury, including acute lung injury, myocardial infarction, and acute gut injury, for their regulation of gene expression, application as diagnostic markers, and therapeutic potentials. In this review, we specifically emphasize the pros and cons of different delivery approaches to modulate microRNAs, as well as the most recent exciting progress in the field of therapeutic targeting of microRNAs for disease treatment in patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tae Jin Lee
- Departments of Neurosurgery (T.J.L., K.K., J.Y.Y., D.H.K., B.K.) and Anesthesiology (X.Y., H.K.E.), McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiaoyi Yuan
- Departments of Neurosurgery (T.J.L., K.K., J.Y.Y., D.H.K., B.K.) and Anesthesiology (X.Y., H.K.E.), McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Keith Kerr
- Departments of Neurosurgery (T.J.L., K.K., J.Y.Y., D.H.K., B.K.) and Anesthesiology (X.Y., H.K.E.), McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Ji Young Yoo
- Departments of Neurosurgery (T.J.L., K.K., J.Y.Y., D.H.K., B.K.) and Anesthesiology (X.Y., H.K.E.), McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Dong H Kim
- Departments of Neurosurgery (T.J.L., K.K., J.Y.Y., D.H.K., B.K.) and Anesthesiology (X.Y., H.K.E.), McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Balveen Kaur
- Departments of Neurosurgery (T.J.L., K.K., J.Y.Y., D.H.K., B.K.) and Anesthesiology (X.Y., H.K.E.), McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Holger K Eltzschig
- Departments of Neurosurgery (T.J.L., K.K., J.Y.Y., D.H.K., B.K.) and Anesthesiology (X.Y., H.K.E.), McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Yang CH, Li HC, Ku TS, Wu CH, Sim KC, Lo SY. MicroRNA-Independent Modulation of DICER1 Expression by hAgo2. Mol Cell Biol 2020; 40:e00221-20. [PMID: 32778571 DOI: 10.1128/MCB.00221-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Many proteins, including DICER1 and hAgo2, are involved in the biogenesis of microRNAs (miRNAs). Whether hAgo2 regulates DICER1 expression is unknown. Exogenously overexpressed hAgo2 suppressed DICER1 expression at the levels of both protein and mRNA, and the reduction in hAgo2 expression enhanced DICER1 expression. Precursor miRNA processing mediated by DICER1 was also modulated by hAgo2. However, hAgo2 protein did not suppress DICER1 promoter activity. Therefore, hAgo2 protein probably regulates DICER1 expression at the posttranscriptional level. Indeed, hAgo2 protein inhibited the reporter assay of the DICER1 mRNA 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR). Previous reports have demonstrated that miRNAs (e.g., let-7 and miR-103/107) inhibited DICER1 expression posttranscriptionally. However, hAgo2 still suppressed DICER1 expression in the cells depleted of these miRNAs. Moreover, the reporter activities of the DICER1 mRNA 3'-UTR without these miRNA binding sites were still suppressed by hAgo2. Therefore, in addition to an miRNA-dependent pathway, hAgo2 can also modulate DICER1 expression through an miRNA-independent mechanism. Downregulation of DICER1 expression was further proven to be dependent on both hAgo2 and AUF1 proteins. Interactions of hAgo2 and AUF1 proteins were demonstrated by the coimmunoprecipitation assay. As expected, hAgo2 could not suppress the DICER1 mRNA 3'-UTR reporter with a mutation in the potential AUF1-binding site. Thus, downregulation of DICER1 expression through the 3'-UTR requires both hAgo2 and AUF1.
Collapse
|
47
|
Chai C, Cox B, Yaish D, Gross D, Rosenberg N, Amblard F, Shemuelian Z, Gefen M, Korach A, Tirosh O, Lanton T, Link H, Tam J, Permyakova A, Ozhan G, Citrin J, Liao H, Tannous M, Hahn M, Axelrod J, Arretxe E, Alonso C, Martinez-Arranz I, Betés PO, Safadi R, Salhab A, Amer J, Tber Z, Mengshetti S, Giladi H, Schinazi RF, Galun E. Agonist of RORA Attenuates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Progression in Mice via Up-regulation of MicroRNA 122. Gastroenterology 2020; 159:999-1014.e9. [PMID: 32450149 PMCID: PMC7722250 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is associated with reductions in hepatic microRNA122 (MIR122); the RAR related orphan receptor A (RORA) promotes expression of MIR122. Increasing expression of RORA in livers of mice increases expression of MIR122 and reduces lipotoxicity. We investigated the effects of a RORA agonist in mouse models of NASH. METHODS We screened a chemical library to identify agonists of RORA and tested their effects on a human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (Huh7). C57BL/6 mice were fed a chow or high-fat diet (HFD) for 4 weeks to induce fatty liver. Mice were given hydrodynamic tail vein injections of a MIR122 antagonist (antagomiR-122) or a control antagomiR once each week for 3 weeks while still on the HFD or chow diet, or intraperitoneal injections of the RORA agonist RS-2982 or vehicle, twice each week for 3 weeks. Livers, gonad white adipose, and skeletal muscle were collected and analyzed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, histology, and immunohistochemistry. A separate group of mice were fed an atherogenic diet, with or without injections of RS-2982 for 3 weeks; livers were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, and plasma was analyzed for levels of aminotransferases. We analyzed data from liver tissues from patients with NASH included in the RNA-sequencing databases GSE33814 and GSE89632. RESULTS Injection of mice with antagomiR-122 significantly reduced levels of MIR122 in plasma, liver, and white adipose tissue; in mice on an HFD, antagomiR-122 injections increased fat droplets and total triglyceride content in liver and reduced β-oxidation and energy expenditure, resulting in significantly more weight gain than in mice given the control microRNA. We identified RS-2982 as an agonist of RORA and found it to increase expression of MIR122 promoter activity in Huh7 cells. In mice fed an HFD or atherogenic diet, injections of RS-2982 increased hepatic levels of MIR122 precursors and reduced hepatic synthesis of triglycerides by reducing expression of biosynthesis enzymes. In these mice, RS-2982 significantly reduced hepatic lipotoxicity, reduced liver fibrosis, increased insulin resistance, and reduced body weight compared with mice injected with vehicle. Patients who underwent cardiovascular surgery had increased levels of plasma MIR122 compared to its levels before surgery; increased expression of plasma MIR122 was associated with increased levels of plasma free fatty acids and levels of RORA. CONCLUSIONS We identified the compound RS-2982 as an agonist of RORA that increases expression of MIR122 in cell lines and livers of mice. Mice fed an HFD or atherogenic diet given injections of RS-2982 had reduced hepatic lipotoxicity, liver fibrosis, and body weight compared with mice given the vehicle. Agonists of RORA might be developed for treatment of NASH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chofit Chai
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Bryan Cox
- Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology Emory University, Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Dayana Yaish
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Devora Gross
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nofar Rosenberg
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Franck Amblard
- Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology Emory University, Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Zohar Shemuelian
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Maytal Gefen
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amit Korach
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Oren Tirosh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tali Lanton
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Henrike Link
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Joseph Tam
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Multidisciplinary Center for Cannabinoid Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Anna Permyakova
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Multidisciplinary Center for Cannabinoid Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gunes Ozhan
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Jonathan Citrin
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Haixing Liao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mirna Tannous
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michal Hahn
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jonathan Axelrod
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Enara Arretxe
- OWL Metabolomics, Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Rifaat Safadi
- Liver Unit, Gastroenterology Institute, Department of Medicine, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ahmad Salhab
- Liver Unit, Gastroenterology Institute, Department of Medicine, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Johnny Amer
- Liver Unit, Gastroenterology Institute, Department of Medicine, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Zahira Tber
- Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology Emory University, Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Seema Mengshetti
- Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology Emory University, Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Hilla Giladi
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Raymond F. Schinazi
- Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology Emory University, Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Eithan Galun
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Guo W, Mu K, Zhang B, Sun C, Zhao L, Li HR, Dong ZY, Cui Q. The circular RNA circ-GRB10 participates in the molecular circuitry inhibiting human intervertebral disc degeneration. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:612. [PMID: 32792505 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02882-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is the most common degenerative disease all over the word. Our previous study confirmed that the downregulated circ-GRB10 directly interacts with miR-328-5p, which modulate ERBB2 and leads to the degeneration of intervertebral disc; however, the underpinning mechanism of circ-GRB10 dysregulation remains unclear. We identified that FUS and demonstrated that circ-GBR10 biosynthesis in nucleus pulposus (NP) cells was promoted by FUS, whose expression was controlled by miR-141-3p. In addition, ERBB2 downregulation led to decreased Erk1/2 phosphorylation which enhanced miR-141-3p production in NP cells. In vivo data indicated that circ-GRB10 inhibited IDD in rat model. The present study revealed that miR-141-3p and FUS are key factors that regulate circ-GRB10 synthesis in NP cells. In addition, circ-GBR10 participates in the molecular circuitry that controls human IDD development. These findings provide a basis for further functional, diagnostic and therapeutic studies of circ-GRB10 in IDD.
Collapse
|
49
|
Teng KY, Barajas JM, Hu P, Jacob ST, Ghoshal K. Role of B Cell Lymphoma 2 in the Regulation of Liver Fibrosis in miR-122 Knockout Mice. Biology (Basel) 2020; 9:biology9070157. [PMID: 32650615 PMCID: PMC7408427 DOI: 10.3390/biology9070157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA-122 (miR-122) has been identified as a marker of various liver injuries, including hepatitis- virus-infection-, alcoholic-, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-induced liver fibrosis. Here, we report that the extracellular miR-122 from hepatic cells can be delivered to hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) to modulate their proliferation and gene expression. Our published Argonaute crosslinking immunoprecipitation (Ago-CLIP) data identified several pro-fibrotic genes, including Ctgf, as miR-122 targets in mice livers. However, treating Ctgf as a therapeutic target failed to rescue the fibrosis developed in the miR-122 knockout livers. Alternatively, we compared the published datasets of human cirrhotic livers and miR-122 KO livers, which revealed upregulation of BCL2, suggesting its potential role in regulating fibrosis. Notably, ectopic miR-122 expression inhibited BCL2 expression in human HSC (LX-2) cells). Publicly available ChIP-seq data in human hepatocellular cancer (HepG2) cells and mice livers suggested miR-122 could regulate BCL2 expression indirectly through c-MYC, which was confirmed by siRNA-mediated depletion of c-MYC in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) cell lines. Importantly, Venetoclax, a potent BCL2 inhibitor approved for the treatment of leukemia, showed promising anti-fibrotic effects in miR-122 knockout mice. Collectively, our data demonstrate that miR-122 suppresses liver fibrosis and implicates anti-fibrotic potential of Venetoclax.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Yu Teng
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.M.B.); (S.T.J.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Juan M. Barajas
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.M.B.); (S.T.J.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Peng Hu
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Samson T. Jacob
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.M.B.); (S.T.J.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kalpana Ghoshal
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.M.B.); (S.T.J.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +614-292-8865; Fax: +614-688-4245
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent subtype of primary liver cancer and one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying HCC pathogenesis have not been fully understood. Emerging evidences have recently suggested the crucial role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the tumorigenesis and progression of HCC. Various HCC-related lncRNAs have been shown to possess aberrant expression and participate in cancerous phenotypes (e.g. persistent proliferation, evading apoptosis, accelerated vessel formation and gain of invasive capability) through their binding with DNA, RNA or proteins, or encoding small peptides. Thus, a deeper understanding of lncRNA dysregulation would provide new insights into HCC pathogenesis and novel tools for the early diagnosis and treatment of HCC. In this review, we summarize the dysregulation of lncRNAs expression in HCC and their tumor suppressive or oncogenic roles during HCC tumorigenesis. Moreover, we discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic potentials of lncRNAs in HCC.
Collapse
|