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Perdijk O, Azzoni R, Marsland BJ. The microbiome: an integral player in immune homeostasis and inflammation in the respiratory tract. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:835-879. [PMID: 38059886 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00020.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The last decade of microbiome research has highlighted its fundamental role in systemic immune and metabolic homeostasis. The microbiome plays a prominent role during gestation and into early life, when maternal lifestyle factors shape immune development of the newborn. Breast milk further shapes gut colonization, supporting the development of tolerance to commensal bacteria and harmless antigens while preventing outgrowth of pathogens. Environmental microbial and lifestyle factors that disrupt this process can dysregulate immune homeostasis, predisposing infants to atopic disease and childhood asthma. In health, the low-biomass lung microbiome, together with inhaled environmental microbial constituents, establishes the immunological set point that is necessary to maintain pulmonary immune defense. However, in disease perturbations to immunological and physiological processes allow the upper respiratory tract to act as a reservoir of pathogenic bacteria, which can colonize the diseased lung and cause severe inflammation. Studying these host-microbe interactions in respiratory diseases holds great promise to stratify patients for suitable treatment regimens and biomarker discovery to predict disease progression. Preclinical studies show that commensal gut microbes are in a constant flux of cell division and death, releasing microbial constituents, metabolic by-products, and vesicles that shape the immune system and can protect against respiratory diseases. The next major advances may come from testing and utilizing these microbial factors for clinical benefit and exploiting the predictive power of the microbiome by employing multiomics analysis approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Perdijk
- Department of Immunology, School of Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rossana Azzoni
- Department of Immunology, School of Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Benjamin J Marsland
- Department of Immunology, School of Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Sedney CJ, Harvill ET. Making friends: active selection of symbionts and rejection of pathogens by the neonatal immune system. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1287518. [PMID: 38054002 PMCID: PMC10694279 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1287518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The neonatal immune system is generally viewed as deficient compared to adults, often attributed to its incomplete development. This view is reinforced by the extraordinary sensitivity and susceptibility of neonates to certain pathogens. Examination of the basis for this susceptibility has characterized neonatal immunity as skewed strongly toward anti-inflammatory responses, which are interpreted as the lack of full development of the strong inflammatory responses observed in adults. Here we examine the alternative explanation that neonatal immune responses are generally complete in healthy newborns but evolved and adapted to very different functions than adult immunity. Adult immunity is primarily aimed at controlling pathogens that invade the holobiont, with substantial competition and protection conferred by resident microbiota. Rather than simply repelling new invaders, the immediate and critical challenge of the neonatal immune system during the sudden transition from near sterility to microbe-rich world is the assimilation of a complex microbiota to generate a stable and healthy holobiont. This alternative view of the role of the neonatal immune system both explains its strong anti-inflammatory bias and provides a different perspective on its other unique aspects. Here we discuss recent work exploring the initial contact of newborns with microbes and their interactions with neonatal immune responses, contrasting these alternative perspectives. Understanding how the need to rapidly acquire a highly complex and rich microbiota of commensals affects interactions between the neonatal immune system and both commensals and pathogens will allow more targeted and effective collaboration with this system to quickly achieve a more disease-resistant holobiont.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen J. Sedney
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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Wu J, Dong W, Pan Y, Wang J, Wu M, Yu Y. Crosstalk between gut microbiota and metastasis in colorectal cancer: implication of neutrophil extracellular traps. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1296783. [PMID: 37936694 PMCID: PMC10626548 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1296783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary colorectal cancer (CRC) often leads to liver metastasis, possibly due to the formation of pre-metastatic niche (PMN) in liver. Thus, unravelling the key modulator in metastasis is important for the development of clinical therapies. Gut microbiota dysregulation is a key event during CRC progression and metastasis. Numerous studies have elucidated the correlation between specific gut bacteria strains (e.g., pks + E. coli and Bacteroides fragilis) and CRC initiation, and gut bacteria translocation is commonly witnessed during CRC progression. Gut microbiota shapes tumor microenvironment (TME) through direct contact with immune cells or through its functional metabolites. However, how gut microbiota facilitates CRC metastasis remains controversial. Meanwhile, recent studies identify the dissemination of bacteria from gut lumen to liver, suggesting the role of gut microbiota in shaping tumor PMN. A pro-tumoral PMN is characterized by the infiltration of immunosuppressive cells and increased pro-inflammatory immune responses. Notably, neutrophils form web-like structures known as neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) both in primary TME and metastatic sites, NETs are involved in cancer progression and metastasis. In this review, we focus on the role of gut microbiota in CRC progression and metastasis, highlight the multiple functions of different immune cell types in TME, especially neutrophils and NETs, discuss the possible mechanisms of gut microbiota in shaping PMN formation, and provide therapeutical indications in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Research and Lab Center, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China
| | - Wenyan Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yayun Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China
| | - Minliang Wu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Wang S, Wu J, Ran D, Ou G, Chen Y, Xu H, Deng L, Chen X. Study of the Relationship between Mucosal Immunity and Commensal Microbiota: A Bibliometric Analysis. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102398. [PMID: 37242281 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study presents the first bibliometric evaluation and systematic analysis of publications related to mucosal immunity and commensal microbiota over the last two decades and summarizes the contribution of countries, institutions, and scholars in the study of this field. A total of 1423 articles related to mucosal immunity and commensal microbiota in vivo published in 532 journals by 7774 authors from 1771 institutions in 74 countries/regions were analyzed. The interaction between commensal microbiota in vivo and mucosal immunity is essential in regulating the immune response of the body, maintaining communication between different kinds of commensal microbiota and the host, and so on. Several hot spots in this field have been found to have received extensive attention in recent years, especially the effects of metabolites of key strains on mucosal immunity, the physiopathological phenomena of commensal microbiota in various sites including the intestine, and the relationship between COVID-19, mucosal immunity and microbiota. We hope that the full picture of the last 20 years in this research area provided in this study will serve to deliver necessary cutting-edge information to relevant researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jialin Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Duo Ran
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Guosen Ou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yaokang Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Huachong Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Li Deng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaoyin Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Bai Z, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Yan R, Yang L, Ma H, Wang J, Wang T, Li Y, Zhang G, Zhang X, Jia S, Wang H. Aspirin ameliorates atherosclerotic immuno-inflammation through regulating the Treg/Th17 axis and CD39-CD73 adenosine signaling via remodeling the gut microbiota in ApoE -/- mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 120:110296. [PMID: 37187127 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome has been implicated in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and atherosclerosis (AS), a chronic inflammatory condition. Aspirin may improve the immuno-inflammatory status in AS by regulating microbiota dysbiosis. However, the potential role of aspirin in modulating gut microbiota and microbial-derived metabolites remains less explored. In this study, we investigated the effect of aspirin treatment on AS progression by modulating gut microbiota and microbial-derived metabolites in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice. We analyzed the fecal bacterial microbiome and targeted metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and bile acids (BAs). The immuno-inflammatory status of AS was evaluated by analyzing regulatory T cells (Tregs), Th17 cells, and the CD39-CD73 adenosine signaling pathway involved in purinergic signaling. Our results indicated that aspirin altered gut microbiota, leading to an increase in the phylum Bacteroidetes and a decrease in the Firmicutes to Bacteriodetes (F/B) ratio. Aspirin treatment also increased levels of targeted SCFA metabolites, such as propionic acid, valeric acid, isovaleric acid, and isobutyric acid. Furthermore, aspirin impacted BAs by reducing the level of harmful deoxycholic acid (DCA) and increasing the levels of beneficial isoalloLCA and isoLCA. These changes were accompanied by a rebalancing of the ratio of Tregs to Th17 cells and an increase in the expression of ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73, thereby ameliorating inflammation. These findings suggest that aspirin has an athero-protective effect with an improved immuno-inflammatory profile, partially attributed to its manipulation of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixia Bai
- Clinical Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China; Heart Centre & Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Yajuan Liu
- Clinical Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China; Heart Centre & Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Surgical Oncology II, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Ru Yan
- Heart Centre & Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Libo Yang
- Heart Centre & Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Huiyan Ma
- Clinical Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Heart Centre & Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Yiwei Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Guoshan Zhang
- Heart Centre & Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.
| | - Shaobin Jia
- Heart Centre & Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.
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