1
|
Tanács D, Berkecz R, Bozsó Z, Tóth GK, Armstrong DW, Péter A, Ilisz I. Liquid Chromatographic Enantioseparation of Newly Synthesized Fluorinated Tryptophan Analogs Applying Macrocyclic Glycopeptides-Based Chiral Stationary Phases Utilizing Core-Shell Particles. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4719. [PMID: 38731937 PMCID: PMC11083430 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to the favorable features obtained through the incorporation of fluorine atom(s), fluorinated drugs are a group with emerging pharmaceutical importance. As their commercial availability is still very limited, to expand the range of possible candidates, new fluorinated tryptophan analogs were synthesized. Control of enantiopurity during the synthesis procedure requires that highly efficient enantioseparation methods be available. In this work, the enantioseparation of seven fluorinated tryptophans and tryptophan was studied and compared systematically to (i) develop analytical methods for enantioselective separations and (ii) explore the chromatographic features of the fluorotrytophans. For enantioresolution, macrocyclic glycopeptide-based selectors linked to core-shell particles were utilized, applying liquid chromatography-based methods. Application of the polar-ionic mode resulted in asymmetric and broadened peaks, while reversed-phase conditions, together with mobile-phase additives, resulted in baseline separation for all studied fluorinated tryptophans. The marked differences observed between the methanol and acetonitrile-containing eluent systems can be explained by the different solvation abilities of the bulk solvents of the applied mobile phases. Among the studied chiral selectors, teicoplanin and teicoplanin aglycone were found to work effectively. Under optimized conditions, baseline separations were achieved within 6 min. Ionic interactions were semi-quantitatively characterized and found to not influence enantiorecognition. Interestingly, fluorination of the analytes does not lead to marked changes in the chromatographic characteristics of the methanol-containing eluents, while larger differences were noticed when the polar but aprotic acetonitrile was applied. Experiments conducted on the influence of the separation temperature indicated that the separations are enthalpically driven, with only one exception. Enantiomeric elution order was found to be constant on both teicoplanin and teicoplanin aglycone-based chiral stationary phases (L < D) under all applied chromatographic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dániel Tanács
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (D.T.); (R.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Róbert Berkecz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (D.T.); (R.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Zsolt Bozsó
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (Z.B.); (G.K.T.)
| | - Gábor K. Tóth
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (Z.B.); (G.K.T.)
| | - Daniel W. Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019-0065, USA;
| | - Antal Péter
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (D.T.); (R.B.); (A.P.)
| | - István Ilisz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (D.T.); (R.B.); (A.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Labíková M, Svoboda J, Tůma J, Lindner W, Kohout M. Chiral recognition without π-π-interactions: Highly efficient chiral strong cation exchangers lacking an aromatic unit in the molecular structure. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1719:464729. [PMID: 38387150 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Current state-of-the-art chiral stationary phases (CSPs) enable chiral resolution of almost any racemic mixture of choice. The exceptions represent ionizable and ionized substances that fail at any attempts to resolve on commercially available CSPs. These compounds, however, can be efficiently separated on chiral ion exchangers. Commercially available Cinchona alkaloids-based chiral weak ion-exchangers are typically used for chiral resolution of organic acids, while zwitterion ion-exchangers are efficient in the resolution of acids, bases, and zwitterions. The latter possess in their structure a cation exchange unit, which alone can serve as a cornerstone of chiral strong cation exchangers facilitating chiral separation of various basic racemic mixtures. Although chiral strong cation exchangers (cSCX) are efficient CSPs, their structural variations have not been thoroughly studied so far. It was assumed that the mechanism of chiral recognition of basic compounds by cSCX is based predominantly on π-π-interactions, hydrogen bonding and steric interactions (CSP I). To verify this assumption, we aimed in our study on the design and synthesis of cSCX first lacking lateral polar substituents on the aromatic unit in the selector's structure (CSP II), and second, to replace the aromatic unit by a cyclohexane ring (CSP III and IV), thereby to omit completely the π-π-interactions. We hypothesized that this structural change should lead to a partial or complete loss of enantiorecognition power of the selectors. Surprisingly, the non-aromatic cSCXs have shown chiral recognition capability comparable to that of previously described chiral cation exchange-type CSPs: from 16 analytes screened, 11 analytes were baseline resolved and 5 partially resolved on CSP I, while non-aromatic CSP III resolved 10 analytes baseline and 6 partially. We discuss the structural motifs of the known cSCX and the novel non-aromatic selectors in a relationship with their chromatographic performance using a set of basic analytes. Moreover, we present a theory of an effective chiral recognition mechanism by two novel non-aromatic cSCXs based on the chromatographic results and quantum mechanical calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdaléna Labíková
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Svoboda
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Tůma
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Wolfgang Lindner
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michal Kohout
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Felletti S, De Luca C, Mazzoccanti G, Gasparrini F, Manetto S, Franchina FA, Chenet T, Pasti L, Cavazzini A, Catani M. Understanding the Transition from High-Selective to High-Efficient Chiral Separations by Changing the Organic Modifier with Zwitterionic-Teicoplanin Chiral Stationary Phase. Anal Chem 2023. [PMID: 37294639 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The retention behavior of small molecules and N-protected amino acids on a zwitterionic teicoplanin chiral stationary phase (CSP), prepared on superficially porous particles (SPPs) of 2.0 μm particle diameter, has shown that efficiency and enantioselectivity, and so enantioresolution, dramatically change depending on the employed organic modifier. In particular, it was found that while methanol permits the boost of enantioselectivity and resolution of the amino acids, at the cost of efficiency, acetonitrile allows for the ability to reach extraordinary efficiency even at high flow rates (with reduced plate height <2 and up to 300,000 plates/m at the optimum flow rate). To understand these features, an approach based on the investigation of mass transfer through the CSP, the estimation of the binding constants of amino acids on the CSP, and the assessment of compositional properties of the interfacial region between bulk mobile phase and solid surface has been adopted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Felletti
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Chiara De Luca
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giulia Mazzoccanti
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Gasparrini
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Manetto
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Flavio Antonio Franchina
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Tatiana Chenet
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luisa Pasti
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alberto Cavazzini
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Martina Catani
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Guarducci MA, Fochetti A, Ciogli A, Mazzoccanti G. A Compendium of the Principal Stationary Phases Used in Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography: Where Have We Arrived? SEPARATIONS 2022; 10:22. [DOI: 10.3390/separations10010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) today is a well-known and largely applied technique to analyse polar compounds such as pharmaceuticals, metabolites, proteins, peptides, amino acids, oligonucleotides, and carbohydrates. Due to the large number of stationary phases employed for HILIC applications, this review aims to help the reader in choosing a proper stationary phase, which often represents the critical point for the success of a separation. A great offer is present for achiral applications in contrast to the chiral phases developed for HILIC enantioseparations. In the last case, up-to-date solutions are presented.
Collapse
|
5
|
Fernandes C, Lima R, Pinto MM, Tiritan ME. Chromatographic supports for enantioselective liquid chromatography: Evolution and innovative trends. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1684:463555. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
6
|
Tanács D, Berkecz R, Shahmohammadi S, Forró E, Armstrong DW, Péter A, Ilisz I. Macrocykclic glycopeptides- and derivatized cyclofructan-based chiral stationary phases for the enantioseparation of fluorinated ß-phenylalanine analogs. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 219:114912. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
7
|
Guo S, Huang C, Bo C, Ma S, Gong B, Ou J. Comparison of vancomycin-immobilized chiral stationary phase with its derivative for enantioseparation of drugs in high-performance liquid chromatography. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
8
|
Losacco GL, DaSilva JO, Haidar Ahmad IA, Mangion I, Berger TA, Regalado EL. Parallel chiral sub/supercritical fluid chromatography screening as a framework for accelerated purification of pharmaceutical targets. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1674:463094. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
9
|
Németi G, Berkecz R, Shahmohammadi S, Forró E, Lindner W, Péter A, Ilisz I. Enantioselective high-performance liquid chromatographic separation of fluorinated ß- phenylalanine derivatives utilizing Cinchona alkaloid-based ion-exchanger chiral stationary phases. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1670:462974. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.462974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
10
|
Luca CD, Buratti A, Umstead W, Franco P, Cavazzini A, Felletti S, Catani M. Investigation of retention behavior of natural cannabinoids on differently substituted polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases under reversed-phase liquid chromatographic conditions. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1672:463076. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
11
|
Guo S, Huang C, Zhang N, Ma S, Bo C, Gong B, Ou J. Enantioseparation in high performance liquid chromatography: preparation and evaluation of a vancomycin-based chiral stationary phase via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. Anal Methods 2022; 14:1221-1231. [PMID: 35237778 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay00108j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A chromatographic technique based on a chiral stationary phase (CSP) has been explored for enantioseparation. Herein, poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (poly(GMA)) brushes were grafted on the surface of silica gel via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP), followed by the introduction of vancomycin as a chiral selector. The as-synthesized material was characterized by elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), proving the formation of vancomycin-immobilized brushes. Then the resulting CSP was explored to separate 7 racemic drugs (bicalutamide, 1-benzyl-5-phenylbarbituric acid, chlorpheniramine maleate, fluoxetine hydrochloride, verapamil hydrochloride, benzoxazocine hydrochloride and isoprenaline hydrochloride) in high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Several factors affecting the enantioseparation performance of the vancomycin-immobilized CSP, including the triethylamine (TEA) content in the buffer, pH value, content of organic solvent in the mobile phase, flow rate and injection volume, were mainly optimized. Under the optimal conditions, baseline separation of fluoxetine hydrochloride (RS = 2.52) was achieved, which was better than that on a commercial Chirobiotic V column, while enantioseparation of bicalutamide (RS = 1.01), chlorpheniramine maleate (RS = 0.77), 1-benzyl-5-phenylbarbituric acid (RS = 0.67), isoprenaline hydrochloride (RS = 0.73), verapamil hydrochloride (RS = 0.91) and benzoxazocine hydrochloride (RS = 1.03) was partly achieved. It was concluded that SI-ATRP is a robust way to fabricate vancomycin-based CSPs for enantioseparation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China.
| | - Chao Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China.
| | - Ning Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China.
| | - Shujuan Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Chunmiao Bo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China.
| | - Bolin Gong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China.
| | - Junjie Ou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fernandes C, Teixeira J, Pinto MMM, Tiritan ME. Strategies for Preparation of Chiral Stationary Phases: Progress on Coating and Immobilization Methods. Molecules 2021; 26:5477. [PMID: 34576948 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Enantioselective chromatography is one of the most used techniques for the separation and purification of enantiomers. The most important issue for a specific successful enantioseparation is the selection of the suitable chiral stationary phase (CSP). Different synthetic approaches have been applied for the preparation of CSPs, which embrace coating and immobilization methods. In addition to the classical and broadly applied coating and immobilization procedures, innovating strategies have been introduced recently. In this review, an overview of different methods for the preparation of coated and immobilized CSPs is described. Updated examples of CSPs associated with the various strategies are presented. Considering that after the preparation of a CSP its characterization is fundamental, the methods used for the characterization of all the described CSPs are emphasized.
Collapse
|
13
|
Folprechtová D, Tesařová E, Kalíková K. The effect of tandem coupling of NicoShell and TeicoShell columns in sub/supercritical fluid chromatography on enantioresolution. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:4048-4057. [PMID: 34490981 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The coupling of columns in sub/supercritical fluid chromatography presents a great opportunity for influencing the separation efficiency and extending the selectivity of the separation system. Combinations of different types of chiral stationary phases could positively affect the enantioresolution if single ones are complementary to each other. In this work, two superficially porous particle (2.7 μm) macrocyclic glycopeptide-based columns, namely TeicoShell and NicoShell, were serially coupled and tested in sub/supercritical fluid chromatography for the first time. The influence of the column arrangement on the enantioseparation of structurally diverse biologically active compounds was examined. The obtained results showed how the column order crucially affected the enantioresolution of compounds tested, but the retention was negligibly affected in most cases. We also demonstrated that single TeicoShell and NicoShell columns are very promising towards the development of highly efficient and fast/ultrafast sub/supercritical fluid chromatography methods for structurally different chiral compounds. The optimized methods for sub-minute enantioselective separation of certain biologically important compounds were proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denisa Folprechtová
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Tesařová
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Květa Kalíková
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tanács D, Berkecz R, Misicka A, Tymecka D, Fülöp F, Armstrong DW, Ilisz I, Péter A. Enantioseparation of ß 2-amino acids by liquid chromatography using core-shell chiral stationary phases based on teicoplanin and teicoplanin aglycone. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1653:462383. [PMID: 34280793 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Enantioseparation of nineteen ß2-amino acids has been performed by liquid chromatography on chiral stationary phases based on native teicoplanin and teicoplanin aglycone covalently bonded to 2.7 µm superficially porous silica particles. Separations were carried out in unbuffered (water/methanol), buffered [aqueous triethylammonium acetate (TEAA)/methanol] reversed-phase (RP) mode, and in polar-ionic (TEAA containing acetonitrile/methanol) mobile phases. Effects of pH in the RP mode, acid and salt additives, as well as counter-ion concentrations on chromatographic parameters have been studied. The structure of selectands (ß2-amino acids possessing aliphatic or aromatic side chains) and selectors (native teicoplanin or teicoplanin aglycone) was found to have a considerable influence on separation performance. Analysis of van Deemter plots and determination of thermodynamic parameters were performed to further explore details of the separation performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dániel Tanács
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Somogyi B. u. 4, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Róbert Berkecz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Somogyi B. u. 4, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Aleksandra Misicka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura str. 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dagmara Tymecka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura str. 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ferenc Fülöp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös utca 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Daniel W Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019-0065, USA
| | - István Ilisz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Somogyi B. u. 4, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Antal Péter
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Somogyi B. u. 4, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Chiral separation has attracted much attention for basic research and industrial applications in analytical chemistry. Generally, chiral separations use natural or artificial chiral-based materials as adsorbents. To improve the precision and efficiency of chiral separation, focus has shifted from natural and synthetic adsorbents to binary combinations of materials. This review specifically summarizes the significant advancements made in natural and artificial chiral adsorbents as promising candidates for diverse drug and biomolecule separation applications as well as the remaining drawbacks and challenges for research on chiral separations. The mechanisms of chiral-based recognition and separation and history and development of natural and artificial chiral-based systems are the focus of this review. Future directions in natural and artificial chiral-based systems for practical separations and other applications are also presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuecheng Zhu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Huilin Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Baoguo Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Berkecz R, Tanács D, Péter A, Ilisz I. Enantioselective Liquid Chromatographic Separations Using Macrocyclic Glycopeptide-Based Chiral Selectors. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113380. [PMID: 34205002 PMCID: PMC8199854 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous chemical compounds of high practical importance, such as drugs, fertilizers, and food additives are being commercialized as racemic mixtures, although in most cases only one of the isomers possesses the desirable properties. As our understanding of the biological actions of chiral compounds has improved, the investigation of the pharmacological and toxicological properties has become more and more important. Chirality has become a major issue in the pharmaceutical industry; therefore, there is a continuous demand to extend the available analytical methods for enantiomeric separations and enhance their efficiency. Direct liquid chromatography methods based on the application of chiral stationary phases have become a very sophisticated field of enantiomeric separations by now. Hundreds of chiral stationary phases have been commercialized so far. Among these, macrocyclic glycopeptide-based chiral selectors have proved to be an exceptionally useful class of chiral selectors for the separation of enantiomers of biological and pharmacological importance. This review focuses on direct liquid chromatography-based enantiomer separations, applying macrocyclic glycopeptide-based chiral selectors. Special attention is paid to the characterization of the physico-chemical properties of these macrocyclic glycopeptide antibiotics providing detailed information on their applications published recently.
Collapse
|
17
|
Streuli A, Coxon CR, Steuer C. Simultaneous Quantification of Commonly Used Counter Ions in Peptides and Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients by Mixed Mode Chromatography and Evaporative Light Scattering Detection. J Pharm Sci 2021; 110:2997-3003. [PMID: 33864781 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In academia and industry, the analysis of counter ions in small molecules and synthetic peptides represents a great challenge. Due to the frequent use of salt forms and the application of a wider range of counter ions in pharmaceutically used substances, simple and generic methods for quantification are required. Especially, the analysis of trifluoracetic acid (TFA) in synthetic peptides is of high interest. Quantification of TFA is needed to assess the content and safety of synthetic peptides and for the interpretation of functional assay results, respectively. In here, a full quantitative mixed mode high performance liquid chromatography based method coupled to evaporative light scattering detection is presented. Finally, 14 positively and negatively charged counter ions were simultaneously quantified within 30 minutes. The method was validated in terms of specificity, accuracy, precision, limit of quantification, sample stability and carry over as proposed by the International Council of Harmonization. In order to prove the applicability of the procedure, small molecules reference substances and synthetic peptides were analyzed, respectively. The obtained results indicated a successful determination of counter ions in small molecules and differences to expected concentrations of prepared peptide solutions. Furthermore, an unexpectedly high content of sodium was observed for synthetic peptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Streuli
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg1-5/10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christopher R Coxon
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Christian Steuer
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg1-5/10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Liu Z, Quan K, Li H, Chen J, Guan M, Qiu H. Preparation of Silica-Based Superficially Porous Silica and its Application in Enantiomer Separations: a Review. J Anal Test 2021; 5:242-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s41664-021-00155-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
19
|
Felletti S, De Luca C, Lievore G, Chenet T, Chankvetadze B, Farkas T, Cavazzini A, Catani M. Shedding light on mechanisms leading to convex-upward van Deemter curves on a cellulose tris(4-chloro-3-methylphenylcarbamate)-based chiral stationary phase. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1630:461532. [PMID: 32950816 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An unusual convex-upward van Deemter curve was observed for the more retained enantiomer of a chiral sulfoxide (2-(benzylsulfinyl)benzamide) on a cellulose tris(4-chloro-3-methylphenylcarbamate)-based chiral stationary phase (CSP), prepared on silica particles of 1000 Å pore size. In contrast, the firstly eluted enantiomer of the same molecule exhibited the traditional convex-downward van Deemter curve. A detailed kinetic and thermodynamic investigation has revealed that this unusual phenomenon, which however has already been observed in chiral chromatography, originates when the adsorption of the compound is very strong and the solid-phase diffusion negligible. Experimentally, the intraparticle diffusion of the more retained enantiomer of the sulfoxide was found to be one order of magnitude smaller than that of the first eluted one. Overall, this translates into very little longitudinal diffusion (b-term of van Deemter curve) accompanied by high solid-liquid mass transfer resistance (c-term). Finally the comparison with another, differently-substituted chiral sulfoxide (whose enantiomers both exhibit traditional van Deemter curve behavior) has allowed to correlate these findings to the specific characteristics of the molecule.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Felletti
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Chiara De Luca
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giulio Lievore
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Tatiana Chenet
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Bezhan Chankvetadze
- Institute of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Tbilisi State University, Chavchavadze Ave 3, 0179 Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Tivadar Farkas
- Phenomenex Inc., 411 Madrid Ave., Torrance, CA 90501, United States
| | - Alberto Cavazzini
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Martina Catani
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Carenzi G, Sacchi S, Abbondi M, Pollegioni L. Direct chromatographic methods for enantioresolution of amino acids: recent developments. Amino Acids 2020; 52:849-862. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-020-02873-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
21
|
Mazzoccanti G, Manetto S, Ricci A, Cabri W, Orlandin A, Catani M, Felletti S, Cavazzini A, Ye M, Ritchie H, Villani C, Gasparrini F. High-throughput enantioseparation of Nα-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl proteinogenic amino acids through fast chiral chromatography on zwitterionic-teicoplanin stationary phases. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1624:461235. [PMID: 32540075 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, 31 racemates of Nα-FMOC (fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl) amino acids (AAs) with different chemico-physical characteristics (neutral nonpolar, neutral polar, acidic and basic) have been successfully resolved in fast enantioselective chromatography on recently-developed zwitterionic-teicoplanin chiral stationary phases (CSPs). The CSPs were prepared by covalently bonding the teicoplanin selector on fully-porous particles of narrow dispersion particle-size distribution (particle diameter 1.9 µm) and superficially-porous particles (2.0 µm). Both the zwitterionic-teicoplanin CSPs have proved to be ideal media for the separation of this important class of compounds. In particular, the zwitterionic CSP prepared on superficially-porous particles exhibited superior enantioselectivity and resolution, compared to that made of fully porous particles, in virtue of more favorable thermodynamics. The zwitterionic nature of these CSPs allowed avoiding the annoying effect of Donnan's exclusion of enantiomers from the stationary phase. This effect, on the opposite, was frequently observed on a commercial teicoplanin CSP (Teicoshell) employed for comparative purposes. Noticeably, on the zwitterionic-teicoplanin CSPs, by using either acetonitrile- or methanol-rich mobile phases (MPs), it was possible to favor speed over enantioresolution and vice versa. This work gives further replies to the request for rapid determination of enantiomeric excess of Nα-FMOC proteinogenic (and non-proteinogenic) AAs, typically used as preferred chiral synthons in the solid-phase synthesis of therapeutic peptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Mazzoccanti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Simone Manetto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Ricci
- Fresenius Kabi iPSUM, piazza Maestri del Lavoro 7, 20063, Cernusco sul Naviglio (MI), Italy
| | - Walter Cabri
- Fresenius Kabi iPSUM, piazza Maestri del Lavoro 7, 20063, Cernusco sul Naviglio (MI), Italy; Department of Chemistry, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, via Selmi2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Orlandin
- Fresenius Kabi iPSUM, piazza Maestri del Lavoro 7, 20063, Cernusco sul Naviglio (MI), Italy
| | - Martina Catani
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simona Felletti
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alberto Cavazzini
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Micheal Ye
- Sigma-Aldrich/ Supelco, 595 North Harrison Road, Bellefonte, PA, 16823, United States
| | - Harald Ritchie
- AMT Advanced Materials Technologies Inc., Wilmington, Delaware, USA
| | - Claudio Villani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Gasparrini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Pickens CJ, Haidar Ahmad IA, Makarov AA, Bennett R, Mann BF, Regalado EL. Comprehensive online multicolumn two-dimensional liquid chromatography-diode array detection-mass spectrometry workflow as a framework for chromatographic screening and analysis of new drug substances. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:2655-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02498-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
23
|
Gao J, Quan K, Li H, Li Z, Zhao L, Qiu H. Preparation and evaluation of biselector bonded-type multifunctional chiral stationary phase based on dialdehyde cellulose and 6-monodeoxy-6-monoamino-β-cyclodextrine derivatives. Chirality 2020; 32:387-399. [PMID: 31965651 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel biselector bonded-type multifunctional chiral stationary phase (MCSP) was prepared by covalently crosslinking dialdehyde cellulose (DAC) with 6-monodeoxy-6-monoamino-β-cyclodextrine (CD) via Schiff base reaction. The biselector bonded-type MCSP had good chiral and achiral chromatographic performance in normal phase (NP) and reversed phase (RP) modes. Seven and eight enantiomers were successfully separated on the prepared biselector bonded-type MCSP in NP and RP modes, respectively. The biselector bonded-type MCSP showed enhanced chiral resolution ability compared with single selector chiral stationary phases due to the simultaneous introduction of DAC and 6-monodeoxy-6-monoamino-β-CD on the surface of silica gel. Aromatic compounds including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, anilines, phenols, phenylates, and aromatic acids were choosed as analytes to investigate the achiral chromatographic performance of the biselector bonded-type MCSP in NP and RP modes. Chromatographic evaluation results showed that the above aromatic compounds were essentially capable of achieving baseline separation by hydrophobic interaction, π-π interaction, and π-π electron-donor-acceptor interaction. Moreover, the host-guest inclusion effect of 6-monodeoxy-6-monoamino-β-CD and the multiple interactions made the biselector bonded-type MCSP have good steric selectivity. The preparation method of the biselector bonded-type MCSP was simple and provided a new idea and strategy for the preparation of the subsequent novel biselector MCSP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Kaijun Quan
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhan Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hongdeng Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Folprechtová D, Kozlov O, Armstrong DW, Schmid MG, Kalíková K, Tesařová E. Enantioselective potential of teicoplanin- and vancomycin-based superficially porous particles-packed columns for supercritical fluid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1612:460687. [PMID: 31727354 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Application of the superficially porous particles (SPPs) grafted with chiral selectors can substantially improve resolution in chromatographic techniques. In this work, we carried out a deeper study on supercritical fluid chromatography systems with 2.7 µm SPPs bonded with teicoplanin and vancomycin. Fast separations of the majority of enantiomers of phytoalexins, substituted tryptophans, and ketamine derivatives, as representatives of important biologically active and structurally diverse chiral compounds have been achieved. The chromatographic behavior of the structurally different analytes served to characterize these separation systems. The influence of separation conditions, namely mobile phase composition, i.e. type of co-solvent and additive on retention, enantioselective resolution and enantioselectivity was examined. The success rate of baseline and partial separations in individual groups of compounds differed with the chiral stationary phase and also with mobile phase composition. The best, baseline separations for the phytoalexins were achieved on the TeicoShell column using methanol as a co-solvent and trifluoroacetic acid as an additive if used. Mostly partial separations were achieved on the vancomycin-based column for all groups of analytes. Complementary separation behavior of these CSPs was confirmed for the majority of the chiral compounds examined in this work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denisa Folprechtová
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 12843, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Oleksandr Kozlov
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University, Moyzesova 11, 040 01 Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Daniel W Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Martin G Schmid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Květa Kalíková
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 12843, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Eva Tesařová
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 12843, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kaplitz AS, Kresge GA, Selover B, Horvat L, Franklin EG, Godinho JM, Grinias KM, Foster SW, Davis JJ, Grinias JP. High-Throughput and Ultrafast Liquid Chromatography. Anal Chem 2019; 92:67-84. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S. Kaplitz
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Glenn A. Kresge
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Benjamin Selover
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Leah Horvat
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | | | - Justin M. Godinho
- Advanced Materials Technology, Inc., Wilmington, Delaware 19810, United States
| | - Kaitlin M. Grinias
- Analytical Platforms & Platform Modernization, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Providence, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Samuel W. Foster
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Joshua J. Davis
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - James P. Grinias
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Raimbault A, West C. Effects of high concentrations of mobile phase additives on retention and separation mechanisms on a teicoplanin aglycone stationary phase in supercritical fluid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1604:460494. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
27
|
|
28
|
Zou L, Bennett R, Haidar Ahmad IA, Jocher BM, Zhang L, Bu X, Mangion I, Regalado EL. Generic Ion Chromatography–Conductivity Detection Method for Analysis of Palladium Scavengers in New Drug Substances. Org Process Res Dev 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.9b00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lanfang Zou
- Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Raffeal Bennett
- Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Imad A. Haidar Ahmad
- Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Brandon M. Jocher
- Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Li Zhang
- Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Xiaodong Bu
- Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Ian Mangion
- Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Erik L. Regalado
- Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Tsay FR, Haidar Ahmad IA, Henderson D, Schiavone N, Liu Z, Makarov AA, Mangion I, Regalado EL. Generic anion-exchange chromatography method for analytical and preparative separation of nucleotides in the development and manufacture of drug substances. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1587:129-135. [PMID: 30591245 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotides are among the most frequently used chemical building blocks in the research, development and manufacture of drug substances. They are composed of three highly polar subunit molecules (a nucleobase, a sugar, and at least one phosphate group), which makes their separation and analysis very challenging by conventional liquid chromatography techniques. Herein, we describe a simple, efficient, and cost-effective ion-exchange chromatography (IEC) method for the separation and purification of over 20 nucleotides. This method combines the use of a Tosoh TSKgel SuperQ-5P W resin in conjunction with a fully aqueous eluent profile (ammonium bicarbonate-based) that allows for a straightforward scale-up transition and convenient drying process with minimal environmental impact. This generic method was optimized using chromatography simulation software (ACD Labs/LC Simulator) and successfully applied to the preparative purification of multicomponent nucleotide mixtures using readily available Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography (FPLC) instrumentation. These IEC method conditions can be effectively applied as the starting point for method development and isolation of other highly polar nucleotide species beyond those investigated in this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuh-Rong Tsay
- Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Imad A Haidar Ahmad
- Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Derek Henderson
- Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Nicole Schiavone
- Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Zhijian Liu
- Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Alexey A Makarov
- Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Ian Mangion
- Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Erik L Regalado
- Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ismail OH, Felletti S, Luca C, Pasti L, Marchetti N, Costa V, Gasparrini F, Cavazzini A, Catani M. The Way to Ultrafast, High-Throughput Enantioseparations of Bioactive Compounds in Liquid and Supercritical Fluid Chromatography. Molecules 2018; 23:E2709. [PMID: 30347852 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Until less than 10 years ago, chiral separations were carried out with columns packed with 5 or 3 μm fully porous particles (FPPs). Times to resolve enantiomeric mixtures were easily larger than 30 min, or so. Pushed especially by stringent requirements from medicinal and pharmaceutical industries, during the last years the field of chiral separations by liquid chromatography has undergone what can be defined a “true revolution”. With the purpose of developing ever faster and efficient method of separations, indeed, very efficient particle formats, such as superficially porous particles (SPPs) or sub-2 μm FPPs, have been functionalized with chiral selectors and employed in ultrafast applications. Thanks to the use of short column (1–2 cm long), packed with these extremely efficient chiral stationary phases (CSPs), operated at very high flow rates (5–8 mL/min), resolution of racemates could be accomplished in very short time, in many cases less than 1 s in normal-, reversed-phase and HILIC conditions. These CSPs have been found to be particularly promising also to carry out high-throughput separations under supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) conditions. The most important results that have been recently achieved in terms of ultrafast, high-throughput enantioseparations both in liquid and supercritical fluid chromatography with particular attention to the very important field of bioactive chiral compounds will be reviewed in this manuscript. Attention will be focused not only on the latest introduced CSPs and their applications, but also on instrumental modifications which are required in some cases in order to fully exploit the intrinsic potential of new generation chiral columns.
Collapse
|