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Hosseinpour-Niazi S, Mirmiran P, Hosseini S, Hadaegh F, Ainy E, Daneshpour MS, Azizi F. Effect of TCF7L2 on the relationship between lifestyle factors and glycemic parameters: a systematic review. Nutr J 2022; 21:59. [PMID: 36155628 PMCID: PMC9511734 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-022-00813-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Among candidate genes related to type 2 diabetes (T2DM), one of the strongest genes is Transcription factor 7 like 2 (TCF7L2), regarding the Genome-Wide Association Studies. We aimed to conduct a systematic review of the literature on the modification effect of TCF7L2 on the relation between glycemic parameters and lifestyle factors. Methods A systematic literature search was done for relevant publications using electronic databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science, from January 1, 2000, to November 2, 2021. Results Thirty-eight studies (16 observational studies, six meal test trials, and 16 randomized controlled trials (RCTs)) were included. Most observational studies had been conducted on participants with non-diabetes showing that TCF7L2 modified the association between diet (fatty acids and fiber) and insulin resistance. In addition, findings from meal test trials showed that, compared to non-risk-allele carriers, consumption of meals with different percentages of total dietary fat in healthy risk-allele carriers increased glucose concentrations and impaired insulin sensitivity. However, ten RCTs, with intervention periods of less than ten weeks and more than one year, showed that TCF7L2 did not modify glycemic parameters in response to a dietary intervention involving different macronutrients. However, two weight loss dietary RCTs with more than 1-year duration showed that serum glucose and insulin levels decreased and insulin resistance improved in non-risk allele subjects with overweight/obesity. Regarding artichoke extract supplementation (ALE), two RCTs observed that ALE supplementation significantly decreased insulin concentration and improved insulin resistance in the TT genotype of the rs7903146 variant of TCF7L2. In addition, four studies suggested that physical activity levels and smoking status modified the association between TCF7L2 and glycemic parameters. However, three studies observed no effect of TCF7L2 on glycemic parameters in participants with different levels of physical activity and smoking status. Conclusion The modification effects of TCF7L2 on the relation between the lifestyle factors (diet, physical activity, and smoking status) and glycemic parameters were contradictory. PROSPERO registration number CRD42020196327 Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12937-022-00813-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Hosseinpour-Niazi
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shabnam Hosseini
- School of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Farzad Hadaegh
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elaheh Ainy
- Department of Vice Chancellor Research Affairs, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam S Daneshpour
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Lépine G, Tremblay-Franco M, Bouder S, Dimina L, Fouillet H, Mariotti F, Polakof S. Investigating the Postprandial Metabolome after Challenge Tests to Assess Metabolic Flexibility and Dysregulations Associated with Cardiometabolic Diseases. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030472. [PMID: 35276829 PMCID: PMC8840206 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the added value provided by a research strategy applying metabolomics analyses to assess phenotypic flexibility in response to different nutritional challenge tests in the framework of metabolic clinical studies. We discuss findings related to the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and to mixed meals with varying fat contents and food matrix complexities. Overall, the use of challenge tests combined with metabolomics revealed subtle metabolic dysregulations exacerbated during the postprandial period when comparing healthy and at cardiometabolic risk subjects. In healthy subjects, consistent postprandial metabolic shifts driven by insulin action were reported (e.g., a switch from lipid to glucose oxidation for energy fueling) with similarities between OGTT and mixed meals, especially during the first hours following meal ingestion while differences appeared in a wider timeframe. In populations with expected reduced phenotypic flexibility, often associated with increased cardiometabolic risk, a blunted response on most key postprandial pathways was reported. We also discuss the most suitable statistical tools to analyze the dynamic alterations of the postprandial metabolome while accounting for complexity in study designs and data structure. Overall, the in-depth characterization of the postprandial metabolism and associated phenotypic flexibility appears highly promising for a better understanding of the onset of cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaïa Lépine
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR 1019, Unité Nutrition Humaine, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (G.L.); (S.B.); (L.D.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005 Paris, France; (H.F.); (F.M.)
| | - Marie Tremblay-Franco
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, 31300 Toulouse, France;
- Axiom Platform, MetaToul-MetaboHUB, National Infrastructure for Metabolomics and Fluxomics, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Sabrine Bouder
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR 1019, Unité Nutrition Humaine, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (G.L.); (S.B.); (L.D.)
| | - Laurianne Dimina
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR 1019, Unité Nutrition Humaine, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (G.L.); (S.B.); (L.D.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005 Paris, France; (H.F.); (F.M.)
| | - Hélène Fouillet
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005 Paris, France; (H.F.); (F.M.)
| | - François Mariotti
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005 Paris, France; (H.F.); (F.M.)
| | - Sergio Polakof
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR 1019, Unité Nutrition Humaine, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (G.L.); (S.B.); (L.D.)
- Correspondence:
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Adamska-Patruno E, Bauer W, Bielska D, Fiedorczuk J, Moroz M, Krasowska U, Czajkowski P, Wielogorska M, Maliszewska K, Puckowska S, Szczerbinski L, Lipinska D, Gorska M, Kretowski A. An Association between Diet and MC4R Genetic Polymorphism, in Relation to Obesity and Metabolic Parameters-A Cross Sectional Population-Based Study. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222112044. [PMID: 34769477 PMCID: PMC8584592 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) gene harbours one of the strongest susceptibility loci for obesity and obesity-related metabolic consequences. We analysed whether dietary factors may attenuate the associations between MC4R genotypes and obesity and metabolic parameters. In 819 participants genotyped for common MC4R polymorphisms (rs17782313, rs12970134, rs633265, and rs135034), the anthropometric measurements, body fat content and distribution (visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, VAT and SAT, respectively), and blood glucose, insulin, total-, LDL-, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides concentrations, and daily macronutrient intake were assessed. ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis tests were used, and multivariate linear regression models were developed. We observed that the CC genotype carriers (rs17782313) presented higher VAT, VAT/SAT ratio, fasting blood glucose and triglyceride concentrations when they were stratified to the upper quantiles of protein intake. An increase in energy derived from proteins was associated with higher BMI (Est. 5.74, R2 = 0.12), body fat content (Est. 8.44, R2 = 0.82), VAT (Est. 32.59, R2 = 0.06), and VAT/SAT ratio (Est. 0.96, R2 = 0.05). The AA genotype carriers (rs12970134) presented higher BMI, body fat, SAT and VAT, fasting blood glucose, triglycerides and total cholesterol concentrations. An increase in energy derived from proteins by AA carriers was associated with higher VAT (Est.19.95, R2 = 0.06) and VAT/SAT ratio (Est. 0.64, R2 = 0.05). Our findings suggest that associations of the common MC4R SNPs with obesity and its metabolic complications may be dependent on the daily dietary intake, which may open new areas for developing personalised diets for preventing and treating obesity and obesity-related comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Adamska-Patruno
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (W.B.); (U.K.); (P.C.); (S.P.); (L.S.); (A.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Witold Bauer
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (W.B.); (U.K.); (P.C.); (S.P.); (L.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Dorota Bielska
- Department of Family Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Mieszka I 4b, 15-054 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Joanna Fiedorczuk
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok Clinical Hospital, Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (J.F.); (M.M.)
| | - Monika Moroz
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok Clinical Hospital, Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (J.F.); (M.M.)
| | - Urszula Krasowska
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (W.B.); (U.K.); (P.C.); (S.P.); (L.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Przemyslaw Czajkowski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (W.B.); (U.K.); (P.C.); (S.P.); (L.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Marta Wielogorska
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (M.W.); (K.M.); (D.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Katarzyna Maliszewska
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (M.W.); (K.M.); (D.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Sylwia Puckowska
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (W.B.); (U.K.); (P.C.); (S.P.); (L.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Lukasz Szczerbinski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (W.B.); (U.K.); (P.C.); (S.P.); (L.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Danuta Lipinska
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (M.W.); (K.M.); (D.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Maria Gorska
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (M.W.); (K.M.); (D.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Adam Kretowski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (W.B.); (U.K.); (P.C.); (S.P.); (L.S.); (A.K.)
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok Clinical Hospital, Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (J.F.); (M.M.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (M.W.); (K.M.); (D.L.); (M.G.)
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Bauer W, Adamska-Patruno E, Krasowska U, Moroz M, Fiedorczuk J, Czajkowski P, Bielska D, Gorska M, Kretowski A. Dietary Macronutrient Intake May Influence the Effects of TCF7L2 rs7901695 Genetic Variants on Glucose Homeostasis and Obesity-Related Parameters: A Cross-Sectional Population-Based Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:1936. [PMID: 34200102 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor-7–like 2 (TCF7L2) is one of the most important susceptibility genes for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of our cross-sectional population-based study was to analyze whether daily macronutrient intake may influence the effects of the TCF7L2 rs7901695 genotype on glucose homeostasis and obesity-related parameters. We recruited 810 participants (47.5% men and 52.5% women), 18–79 years old (mean age, 42.1 (±14.5) years), who were genotyped for the common TCF7L2 rs7901695 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), and anthropometric measurements, body composition, body fat distribution (visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) content), blood glucose and insulin concentrations after fasting and during OGTTs, and HbA1c were assessed. The VAT/SAT ratio, HOMA-IR (homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance), HOMA-B (homeostatic model assessment of β-cell function), and CIR30 (corrected insulin response) were calculated. The daily macronutrient intake was evaluated based on 3-day food-intake diaries. Daily physical activity was evaluated based on a validated questionnaire. We performed ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis tests, and multivariate linear regression models were created to evaluate the effects of dietary macronutrient intake on glucose homeostasis and obesity-related parameters in carriers of the investigated genotypes. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT03792685. The TT-genotype carriers stratified to the upper protein intake quantiles presented higher HbA1c levels than the CT- and CC-genotype participants in the same quantiles (p = 0.038 and p = 0.022, respectively). Moreover, we observed higher HOMA-IR (p = 0.014), as well as significantly higher blood glucose and insulin concentrations, during the OGTTs for those in the upper quantiles, when compared to subjects from the lower quantiles of protein intake, while the CC-genotype carriers presented significantly lower HbA1c (p = 0.033) and significantly higher CIR30 (p = 0.03). The linear regression models revealed that an increase in energy derived from proteins in TT carriers was associated with higher HbA1c levels (β = 0.37 (95% CI: 0.01–0.74, p = 0.05)), although, in general, carrying the TT genotype, but without considering protein intake, showed an opposite tendency—to lower HbA1c levels (β = −0.22 (95% CI: 0.47 to −0.01, p = 0.05). Among the subjects stratified to the lower quantile of carbohydrate intake, the TT-genotype individuals presented higher HbA1c (p = 0.041), and the CC-genotype subjects presented higher VAT (p = 0.033), lower SAT (p = 0.033), and higher VAT/SAT ratios (p = 0.034). In both the CC- and TT-genotype carriers, we noted higher VAT (p = 0.012 and p = 0.0006, respectively), lower SAT (p = 0.012 and p = 0.0006, respectively) and higher VAT/SAT ratios (p = 0.016 and p = 0.00062, respectively) when dietary fat provided more than 30% of total daily energy intake, without any differences in total body fat content. Our findings suggest that associations of the common TCF7L2 SNP with glucose homeostasis and obesity-related parameters may be dependent on daily macronutrient intake, which warrants further investigations in a larger population, as well as interventional studies.
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Paczkowska-Abdulsalam M, Niemira M, Bielska A, Szałkowska A, Raczkowska BA, Junttila S, Gyenesei A, Adamska-Patruno E, Maliszewska K, Citko A, Szczerbiński Ł, Krętowski A. Evaluation of Transcriptomic Regulations behind Metabolic Syndrome in Obese and Lean Subjects. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041455. [PMID: 32093387 PMCID: PMC7073064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple mechanisms have been suggested to confer to the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome (MetS), however despite great interest from the scientific community, the exact contribution of each of MetS risk factors still remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate molecular signatures in peripheral blood of individuals affected by MetS and different degrees of obesity. Metabolic health of 1204 individuals from 1000PLUS cohort was assessed, and 32 subjects were recruited to four study groups: MetS lean, MetS obese, “healthy obese”, and healthy lean. Whole-blood transcriptome next generation sequencing with functional data analysis were carried out. MetS obese and MetS lean study participants showed the upregulation of genes involved in inflammation and coagulation processes: granulocyte adhesion and diapedesis (p < 0.0001, p = 0.0063), prothrombin activation pathway (p = 0.0032, p = 0.0091), coagulation system (p = 0.0010, p = 0.0155). The results for “healthy obese” indicate enrichment in molecules associated with protein synthesis (p < 0.0001), mitochondrial dysfunction (p < 0.0001), and oxidative phosphorylation (p < 0.0001). Our results suggest that MetS is related to the state of inflammation and vascular system changes independent of excess body weight. Furthermore, “healthy obese”, despite not fulfilling the criteria for MetS diagnosis, seems to display an intermediate state with a lower degree of metabolic abnormalities, before they proceed to a full blown MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Paczkowska-Abdulsalam
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Białystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Białystok, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-85-831-81-59
| | - Magdalena Niemira
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Białystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Białystok, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Bielska
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Białystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Białystok, Poland
| | - Anna Szałkowska
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Białystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Białystok, Poland
| | - Beata Anna Raczkowska
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Białystok, Poland
| | - Sini Junttila
- Vienna Biocenter Core Facilities, Dr.-Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Attila Gyenesei
- Vienna Biocenter Core Facilities, Dr.-Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Edyta Adamska-Patruno
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Białystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Białystok, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Maliszewska
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Białystok, Poland
| | - Anna Citko
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Białystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Białystok, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szczerbiński
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Białystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Białystok, Poland
| | - Adam Krętowski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Białystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Białystok, Poland
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Białystok, Poland
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Godzien J, Kalaska B, Adamska-Patruno E, Siroka J, Ciborowski M, Kretowski A, Barbas C. Oxidized glycerophosphatidylcholines in diabetes through non-targeted metabolomics: Their annotation and biological meaning. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1120:62-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Adamska-Patruno E, Samczuk P, Ciborowski M, Godzien J, Pietrowska K, Bauer W, Gorska M, Barbas C, Kretowski A. Metabolomics Reveal Altered Postprandial Lipid Metabolism After a High-Carbohydrate Meal in Men at High Genetic Risk of Diabetes. J Nutr 2019; 149:915-922. [PMID: 31049566 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) gene confers one of the strongest genetic predispositions to type 2 diabetes, but diabetes development can be modified by diet. OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to evaluate postprandial metabolic alterations in healthy men with a high genetic risk of diabetes, after two meals with varying macronutrient content. METHODS The study was conducted in 21 homozygous nondiabetic men carrying the high-risk (HR, n = 8, age: 31.2 ± 6.3 y, body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) 28.5 ± 8.1) or low-risk (LR, n = 13, age: 35.2 ± 10.3 y, BMI: 28.1 ± 6.4) genotypes at the rs7901695 locus. During two meal challenge test visits subjects received standardized isocaloric (450 kcal) liquid meals: high-carbohydrate (HC, carbohydrates: 89% of energy) and normo-carbohydrate (NC, carbohydrates: 45% of energy). Fasting (0 min) and postprandial (30, 60, 120, 180 min) plasma samples were analyzed for metabolite profiles through untargeted metabolomics. Metabolic fingerprinting was performed on an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) system connected to an iFunnel quadrupole-time-of-flight (Q-TOF) mass spectrometer. RESULTS In HR-genotype men, after the intake of an HC-meal, we noted a significantly lower area under the curves (AUCs) of postprandial plasma concentrations of most of the phospholipids (-37% to -53%, variable importance in the projection (VIP) = 1.2-1.5), lysophospholipids (-29% to -86%, VIP = 1.1-2.6), sphingolipids (-32% to -47%, VIP = 1.1-1.3), as well as arachidonic (-36%, VIP = 1.4) and oleic (-63%, VIP = 1.3) acids, their metabolites: keto- and hydoxy-fatty acids (-38% to -78%, VIP = 1.3-2.5), leukotrienes (-65% to -83%, VIP = 1.4-2.2), uric acid (-59%, VIP = 1.5), and pyroglutamic acid (-65%, VIP = 1.8). The AUCs of postprandial sphingosine concentrations were higher (125-832%, VIP = 1.9-3.2) after the NC-meal, AUCs of acylcarnitines were lower (-21% to -61%, VIP = 1.1-2.4), and AUCs of fatty acid amides were higher (51-508%, VIP = 1.7-3.1) after the intake of both meals. CONCLUSIONS In nondiabetic men carrying the TCF7L2 HR genotype, subtle but detectable modifications in intermediate lipid metabolism are induced by an HC-meal. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03792685.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paulina Samczuk
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Michal Ciborowski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Godzien
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.,Center for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Karolina Pietrowska
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Witold Bauer
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Maria Gorska
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Coral Barbas
- Center for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adam Kretowski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Adamska-Patruno E, Godzien J, Ciborowski M, Samczuk P, Bauer W, Siewko K, Gorska M, Barbas C, Kretowski A. The Type 2 Diabetes Susceptibility PROX1 Gene Variants Are Associated with Postprandial Plasma Metabolites Profile in Non-Diabetic Men. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11040882. [PMID: 31010169 PMCID: PMC6520869 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prospero homeobox 1 (PROX1) gene may show pleiotropic effects on metabolism. We evaluated postprandial metabolic alterations dependently on the rs340874 genotypes, and 28 non-diabetic men were divided into two groups: high-risk (HR)-genotype (CC-genotype carriers, n = 12, 35.3 ± 9.5 years old) and low-risk (LR)-genotype (allele T carriers, n = 16, 36.3 ± 7.0 years old). Subjects participated in two meal-challenge-tests with high-carbohydrate (HC, carbohydrates 89%) and normo-carbohydrate (NC, carbohydrates 45%) meal intake. Fasting and 30, 60, 120, and 180 min after meal intake plasma samples were fingerprinted by liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS). In HR-genotype men, the area under the curve (AUC) of acetylcarnitine levels was higher after the HC-meal [+92%, variable importance in the projection (VIP) = 2.88] and the NC-meal (+55%, VIP = 2.00) intake. After the NC-meal, the HR-risk genotype carriers presented lower AUCs of oxidized fatty acids (−81–66%, VIP = 1.43–3.16) and higher linoleic acid (+80%, VIP = 2.29), while after the HC-meal, they presented lower AUCs of ornithine (−45%, VIP = 1.83), sphingosine (−48%, VIP = 2.78), linoleamide (−45%, VIP = 1.51), and several lysophospholipids (−40–56%, VIP = 1.72–2.16). Moreover, lower AUC (−59%, VIP = 2.43) of taurocholate after the HC-meal and higher (+70%, VIP = 1.42) glycodeoxycholate levels after the NC-meal were observed. Our results revealed differences in postprandial metabolites from inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways, bile acids signaling, and lipid metabolism in PROX1 HR-genotype men. Further investigations of diet–genes interactions by which PROX1 may promote T2DM development are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Adamska-Patruno
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Joanna Godzien
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Michal Ciborowski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Paulina Samczuk
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Witold Bauer
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Siewko
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Maria Gorska
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Coral Barbas
- Center for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Universidad CEU San Pablo, 28003 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Adam Kretowski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland.
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland.
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Maliszewska K, Adamska-Patruno E, Goscik J, Lipinska D, Citko A, Krahel A, Miniewska K, Fiedorczuk J, Moroz M, Gorska M, Kretowski A. The Role of Muscle Decline in Type 2 Diabetes Development: A 5-Year Prospective Observational Cohort Study. Nutrients 2019; 11:E834. [PMID: 31013777 PMCID: PMC6521281 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The major risk factors of T2DM (type 2 diabetes mellitus) development are still under investigation. We evaluate the possible risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in adult subjects during a five-year prospective cohort study. We recruited 1160 subjects who underwent oral glucose tolerance test, anthropometric measurements, and body composition and body fat distribution analysis at a baseline visit and again at follow-up after approximately five years. The conclusions of this study are based on observation of 219 subjects who attended both the first and follow-up visits. The fasting serum insulin was measured, and HOMA-IR (homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance) was calculated. During the follow-up period, T2DM was diagnosed in 7.4% of participants, impaired fasting glucose in 37.7%, and impaired glucose tolerance in 9.3%. Logistic regression models, adjusted for age, were constructed. The changes in glucose concentration, visceral fat tissue content, insulin resistance, and %loss of muscle mass were chosen as the potential predictors for T2DM development. A set of independent variables was extracted. The constructed feature set comprised change in HOMA-IR (OR (odds ratio) = 1.01, p < 0.01) and change in %loss of muscle mass (OR = 0.84, p < 0.03). With an aim to validate the prediction capability using the selected attributes, a support vector machine classifier and leave-one-out cross-validation procedure was applied, yielding 92.78% classification accuracy. Our results show the correlation between the %loss of muscle mass and T2DM development in adults, independent of changes in insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Maliszewska
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland M.C. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Edyta Adamska-Patruno
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland; M.C. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Joanna Goscik
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland; M.C. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Danuta Lipinska
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland M.C. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Anna Citko
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland; M.C. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Krahel
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland M.C. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Miniewska
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland; M.C. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Joanna Fiedorczuk
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland; M.C. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Monika Moroz
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland; M.C. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Maria Gorska
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland M.C. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Adam Kretowski
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland M.C. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland.
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland; M.C. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland.
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10
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Adamska-Patruno E, Goscik J, Czajkowski P, Maliszewska K, Ciborowski M, Golonko A, Wawrusiewicz-Kurylonek N, Citko A, Waszczeniuk M, Kretowski A, Gorska M. The MC4R genetic variants are associated with lower visceral fat accumulation and higher postprandial relative increase in carbohydrate utilization in humans. Eur J Nutr 2019; 58:2929-2941. [PMID: 30945034 PMCID: PMC6768895 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-01955-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The interactions between lifestyle and genetic factors play an important role in obesity development. Mutations in melanocortin-4-receptor (MC4R) gene are one of the most common cause of monogenic obesity, however, the functional effects of polymorphic variants near MC4R gene in general populations remain uncertain. The aim of our study was to analyze whether the common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of MC4R gene influence the food preferences, physical activity, body fat content and distribution, as well as fasting and postprandial energy expenditure and substrates utilization. Methods We genotyped previously identified MC4R SNPs: rs17782313, rs633265, rs1350341, rs12970134 in 927 subjects, who underwent anthropometric, total body fat content, visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) measurements, and daily physical activity and dietary intake analysis. In randomly selected 47 subjects the energy expenditure, carbohydrate and lipid utilizations were evaluated in fasting state and after high-carbohydrate and control meals intake. Results We found the significant associations between studied SNPs of MC4R gene and VAT and VAT/SAT ratio. Moreover, the GG genotype carriers of rs1350341, who had the lowest VAT accumulation (p = 0.012), presented higher relative increase in postprandial carbohydrate utilization (p = 0.013, p = 0.024). Conclusions We have observed that common SNPs of the MC4R gene influence the body fat content and distribution, as well as relative increase in postprandial carbohydrate utilization. We believe that our study may help to understand better the impact of MC4R gene on obesity development, and to help to provide personalized prevention/treatment strategies to fight against obesity and its metabolic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Adamska-Patruno
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, M.C. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Joanna Goscik
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, M.C. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Czajkowski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, M.C. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Maliszewska
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, M.C. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Michał Ciborowski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, M.C. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Golonko
- Department of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Medical University of Bialystok, Mieszka I-go 4B, 15-054, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Natalia Wawrusiewicz-Kurylonek
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, M.C. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Citko
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, M.C. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Magdalena Waszczeniuk
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, M.C. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, M.C. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adam Kretowski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, M.C. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, M.C. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Maria Gorska
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, M.C. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland
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11
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Adamska-Patruno E, Ostrowska L, Goscik J, Fiedorczuk J, Moroz M, Kretowski A, Gorska M. The Differences in Postprandial Serum Concentrations of Peptides That Regulate Satiety/Hunger and Metabolism after Various Meal Intake, in Men with Normal vs. Excessive BMI. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030493. [PMID: 30813625 PMCID: PMC6471764 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The energy balance regulation may differ in lean and obese people. The purposes of our study were to evaluate the hormonal response to meals with varying macronutrient content, and the differences depending on body weight. METHODS The crossover study included 46 men, 21⁻58 years old, normal-weight and overweight/obese. Every subject participated in two meal-challenge-tests with high-carbohydrate (HC), and normo-carbohydrate (NC) or high-fat (HF) meals. Fasting and postprandial blood was collected for a further 240 min, to determine adiponectin, leptin and total ghrelin concentrations. RESULTS In normal-weight individuals after HC-meal we observed at 60min higher adiponectin concentrations (12,554 ± 1531 vs. 8691 ± 1070 ng/mL, p = 0.01) and significantly (p < 0.05) lower total ghrelin concentrations during the first 120 min, than after HF-meal intake. Fasting and postprandial leptin levels were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in overweigh/obese men. Leptin concentrations in normal-weight men were higher (2.72 ± 0.8 vs. 1.56 ± 0.4 ng/mL, p = 0.01) 180 min after HC-meal than after NC-meal intake. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that in normal-body weight men we can expect more beneficial leptin, adiponectin, and total ghrelin response after HC-meal intake, whereas, in overweight/obese men, the HC-meal intake may exacerbate the feeling of hunger, and satiety may be induced more by meals with lower carbohydrate content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Adamska-Patruno
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, MC Sklodowskiej 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Lucyna Ostrowska
- Department of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Medical University of Bialystok, Mieszka I-go 4B, 15-054 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Joanna Goscik
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, MC Sklodowskiej 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Joanna Fiedorczuk
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, MC Sklodowskiej 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Monika Moroz
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, MC Sklodowskiej 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Adam Kretowski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, MC Sklodowskiej 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland.
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, MC Sklodowskiej 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Maria Gorska
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, MC Sklodowskiej 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland.
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12
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Adamska-Patruno E, Ostrowska L, Goscik J, Pietraszewska B, Kretowski A, Gorska M. The relationship between the leptin/ghrelin ratio and meals with various macronutrient contents in men with different nutritional status: a randomized crossover study. Nutr J 2018; 17:118. [PMID: 30593267 PMCID: PMC6309055 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-018-0427-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hormones, which influence satiety and hunger, play a significant role in body energy balance regulation. Ghrelin is a peptide that plays an important role in short-term appetite regulation, whereas leptin is a factor that controls long-term energy balance and is considered as a satiety hormone. The aim of this study was to evaluate the leptin/ghrelin ratio in a fasting state and after the intake of meals with varying macronutrient contents and to assess the possible differences between normal body weight and overweight/obese men. METHODS We examined 46 healthy adult men (23 with normal body weight and 23 overweight/obese) aged 21-58, who were divided into two groups. In the crossover study, participants received isocaloric (450 kcal) meals with different macronutrient contents: men from the first group received high-carbohydrate (HC) and normo-carbohydrate (NC) meals, and in the second group, participants received high-carbohydrate and high-fat (HF) meals. The ratio of leptin/ghrelin levels was calculated from leptin and total ghrelin serum concentrations in a fasting state and 30, 60, 120, 180 and 240 min after meal intake. One-way ANOVA and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were carried out. The normality of the variable distribution was checked with the Shapiro-Wilk test, the homogeneity of variances was verified with the Levene test, and the false discovery rate p-value adjustment method was used. RESULTS The leptin/ghrelin ratio was significantly higher in overweight/obese men than individuals with normal body weight in a fasting state, as well as postprandially. We observed trends towards a higher leptin/ghrelin ratio values from the 60 min after HC-meal intake compared to the NC- and HF-meals in normal body weight participants, while in overweight/obese men, we did not note any significant differences dependent on the meal type. CONCLUSIONS We have observed a significantly different postprandial leptin/ghrelin ratio in normal body weight and overweight/obese men, and our results suggest that in men with normal body weight, a greater feeling of satiety may occur after high-carbohydrate meal intake, which was not noted in the overweight/obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Adamska-Patruno
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowskiej 24A, 15-276, Bialystok, MC, Poland.
| | - Lucyna Ostrowska
- Department of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Medical University of Bialystok, Mieszka I-go 4B, 15-054, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Goscik
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowskiej 24A, 15-276, Bialystok, MC, Poland
| | - Barbara Pietraszewska
- Department of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Medical University of Bialystok, Mieszka I-go 4B, 15-054, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adam Kretowski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowskiej 24A, 15-276, Bialystok, MC, Poland.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowskiej 24A, 15-276, Bialystok, MC, Poland
| | - Maria Gorska
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowskiej 24A, 15-276, Bialystok, MC, Poland
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Adamska-Patruno E, Ostrowska L, Golonko A, Pietraszewska B, Goscik J, Kretowski A, Gorska M. Evaluation of Energy Expenditure and Oxidation of Energy Substrates in Adult Males after Intake of Meals with Varying Fat and Carbohydrate Content. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10050627. [PMID: 29772667 PMCID: PMC5986506 DOI: 10.3390/nu10050627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a result of positive energy balance. The aim of this study was to measure (in crossover trials) the energy expenditure and oxidation of glucose and lipids, both at the fasting state and after an intake of meals with a varying macronutrient content, in normal-weight and overweight/obese people. In the study, 46 healthy adult males (23 with normal body weight and 23 overweight/obese), aged 21–58, were examined. During two consecutive visits, subjects received isocaloric standardized meals (450 kcal) with different content of basic nutrients. Resting metabolic rate and carbohydrate and fat utilization were evaluated during the fasting state and postprandially, using an indirect calorimetry method. Energy expenditure was higher in people with normal body weight and slightly higher after the high-carbohydrate meal. In overweight/obese people, increased expenditure was noted after normo-carbohydrate meal intake. The high-fat meal induced lower postprandial thermal response compared to a high-carbohydrate meal, both in people with normal body weight and in overweight/obese men. Glucose utilization was higher after the high-carbohydrate meal, and it was higher in the normal body weight group than in overweight/obese people. In addition, overweight/obese people showed a lower level of fatty acid oxidation under fasting conditions which, together with limited ability to oxidize energy substrates, depending on their availability, indicates that these people are characterized by lower metabolic flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Adamska-Patruno
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok 15-276, Poland.
| | - Lucyna Ostrowska
- Department of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok 15-054, Poland.
| | - Anna Golonko
- Department of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok 15-054, Poland.
| | - Barbara Pietraszewska
- Department of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok 15-054, Poland.
| | - Joanna Goscik
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok 15-276, Poland.
| | - Adam Kretowski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok 15-276, Poland.
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok 15-276, Poland.
| | - Maria Gorska
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok 15-276, Poland.
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