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Gao Z, Yao L, Pan L. Gene expression and functional analysis of different heat shock protein (HSPs) in Ruditapes philippinarum under BaP stress. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 251:109194. [PMID: 34619354 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a class of highly conserved proteins which can protect cells against various types of stress. However, little information on the mechanism involved in the organic contaminants stress response of HSPs is available, especially in marine invertebrates. The present study was conducted to evaluate the responses of HSPs in clams (Ruditapes philippinarum) under Benzo[a] pyrene (BaP) exposure. The clams were exposed to BaP (concentrations: 0, 0.1, 1, 10 μg/L) for 15 days. 6 HSPs mRNA were classified, and the results of tissue distribution indicated that 4 HSPs gene expressed most in the digestive glands. The transcription level of 6 HSPs (HSP22-1, HSP22-2, HSP40A, HSP60, HSP70, HSP90) genes and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling pathway-related genes, and detoxification system-related enzymes activities were analyzed at 0, 1, 3, 6, 10 and 15 days. The activities of phase II detoxification metabolic enzymes and signaling pathway related genes in clams were severely affected by BaP stress and presented significant difference. Our result suggested that HSPs were produced in the presence of BaP and participated in the process of detoxification metabolism to a certain extent. Additionally, the transcription of HSP40A gene may be used as a potential biomarker of BaP exposure due to its evident concentration- and time-dependent expression pattern. Overall, the study investigated the classification of HSPs in R. philippinarum, provided information about the expression profiles of various HSPs after BaP exposure and broadened the understanding mechanism of HSPs in detoxification defense system under PAHs stress in mollusks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyuan Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Linlin Yao
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Luqing Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China.
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2
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Mosbah A, Dhaouadi R, Abdeljelil NB, Guerbej H, Banni M. Multifactorial Screening Reveals New Insight into Early Cadmium Exposure and Garlic Interactions in Dicentrarchus labrax. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:4759-4771. [PMID: 33586117 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02592-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Environmental pollutants and especially metal trace elements remain an unmitigated threat to the overall life support system. Their chemical stability and accumulation pattern in the ecosystem make them a persistent hazard. This study aims to characterize the early cadmium (Cd) histological and hematological alterations and their corresponding plasma indicators in the Mediterranean sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). We also assessed garlic potential to prevent cadmium toxicity. For this purpose, 200 fish of 55 g mean weight were separated into 3 cylindroconical fiberglass tanks of 500-L capacity, each with a stocking density of 4 kg m-3. The fish were regularly hand-fed 0% (control group), 2%, and 6% garlic-supplemented diets to apparent satiation twice a day for 1 month. At the end of the experiment, we injected 22.2 mM cadmium (CdCl2) intraperitoneally to the experimental groups and a placebo solution (9% NaCl) to the control groups; liver, kidney, heart, and blood tissue alterations were monitored with a full screening of their plasmatic indicators, 24 h before and 48 h after Cd injection. Subsequently, whole blood count and blood smears were performed to follow up on Cd-induced vascular damages. Our data showed that Cd induced thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, leading to widespread bleeding and cellular alterations in the targeted tissues. These alterations were associated with an obvious normochromic normocytic anemia in favor of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia. Cd injection has also seriously inhibited the overall enzymatic activities triggering a metabolic shift. Although garlic supplementation had little effect on cadmium-induced alterations, it significantly reduced biomass dispersion. Our data is the first evidence of the cadmium versatile toxicity involving vascular alterations as a central and a leading cause of the overall parenchymal lesions. Cd toxicity was associated with a specific enzymatic signature, which must be considered during the interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amine Mosbah
- Laboratory of Biochemical and Environmental Toxicology, Higher Institute of Agriculture, Sousse University, 4042, Chott Mariem, Tunisia.
| | - Raouf Dhaouadi
- Laboratory of Ichthyology, National School of Veterinary Medicine, Manouba University, 2010, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Nouha Ben Abdeljelil
- Department of Pathology, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Hamadi Guerbej
- National Institute of Marine Sciences and Technologies, Monastir Center, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Banni
- Laboratory of Biochemical and Environmental Toxicology, Higher Institute of Agriculture, Sousse University, 4042, Chott Mariem, Tunisia
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3
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Gomes JMM, Charlie-Silva I, Santos AK, Resende RR, Gomes JAS, de Carvalho AT, Corrêa Junior JD. Flow cytometry in the analysis of hematological parameters of tilapias: applications in environmental aquatic toxicology. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:6242-6248. [PMID: 33394449 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12119-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Blood tissue has been used to assess animal health and the environment in which they live. This tissue is easily acquired and has the ability to respond to various adverse conditions. Several techniques have been employed in the detection of xenobiotic-induced cell damage in blood cells. In general, traditionally used technologies, such as cellular analysis in blood smears, are time-consuming and require great analytical capacity. The present study proposes flow cytometry as a method to detect changes in blood cell populations. Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was selected as a model for plotting the profile of fish blood cell populations after exposure to xenobiotics without euthanizing animals or using cell markers. Populations of erythrocytes and lymphocytes were detected only by combining the techniques of FACSAria cell sorting and light microscopy. Systemic deleterious effects were found through blood analysis, such as an increased lymphocyte-rich population at 48 h of exposure followed by a subsequent decrease. Moreover, the time-dependent expression of Nrf2 suggests its participation in increased membrane disruption, indicating it has a central role in erythrocyte lifespan. The present results shed light on the viability of using flow cytometry for blood analysis of living fish.
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Mendonça Gomes JM, Charlie-Silva I, Santos AK, Rezende RR, Gomes JAS, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Corrêa Junior JD. An imaging flow cytometry-based technique to quantify erythrocyte nuclear alterations. Aquat Toxicol 2020; 228:105649. [PMID: 33035768 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Morphological nuclear alterations are indicative of DNA damage and have been considered excellent markers of exposure to several pollutants in aquatic environments. Flow cytometry is a powerful technique for measuring cell phenotypes in large numbers of cells in a short period of time. This technique is suited to the study of cell populations and subset identification as a function of its high-throughput and multi-parameter characteristics. We used the quantification of erythrocyte nuclear alterations to compare the techniques of imaging flow cytometry and light microscopy. The comparison used blood samples of the fish Oreochromis niloticus assayed using cadmium as a nuclear alteration-inducing agent. The results showed that imaging flow cytometry has higher sensitivity than light microscopy for detecting and quantifying erythrocytic nuclear alterations. We conclude that imaging flow cytometry can produce fast and reliable results and could potentially be useful in studies involving fish erythrocytes under normal and impacted environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Juliana A S Gomes
- Department of Morphology, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Singh M, Khan H, Verma Y, Rana SVS. Distinctive fingerprints of genotoxicity induced by As, Cr, Cd, and Ni in a freshwater fish. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:19445-19452. [PMID: 31077041 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05274-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Genotoxicity of three toxic elements (chromium, cadmium, nickel) and a metalloid (arsenic) has been studied in a freshwater fish, Channa punctatus using micronuclei (MN) test, comet assay, and erythrocyte nuclear alterations (ENAs) as fingerprints of genotoxicity. These tests yielded different results suggesting involvement of different mechanisms for their genotoxicity. While highest frequency of blebbed nuclei was observed in chromium-treated fish (6.5 ± 0.76), lowest was observed in cadmium-treated fish (4.0 ± 1.0). Maximum number of notched nuclei was recorded in arsenic-treated fish (5.5 ± 1.15) whereas highest numbers of lobed nuclei were found in cadmium-treated fish (4.5 ± 0.13). These differences might be attributed to selective bioaccumulation and chemodynamics of each element. Other parameters used to determine genotoxicity viz.: lipid peroxidation and DNA damage also suggested different mechanisms of their genotoxicity. It is suggested that an integrative approach, using a battery of tests for determining genotoxicity, should be made while making environmental health risk assessment and ecotoxicological studies of these toxic elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenu Singh
- Department of Toxicology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004, India
| | - Huma Khan
- Department of Toxicology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004, India
| | - Yeshvandra Verma
- Department of Toxicology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004, India
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Qin Y, Li X, Yang Y, Li Z, Liang Y, Zhang X, Jiang S. Toxic effects of copper sulfate on diploid and triploid fin cell lines in Misgurnus anguillicaudatus. Sci Total Environ 2018; 643:1419-1426. [PMID: 30189558 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The effects of different concentrations of copper sulfate on diploid and triploid fin cell lines (named DIMF and TRMF, respectively) in Misgurnus anguillicaudatus were studied. The LC50 of copper sulfate estimated by an MTT assay was 268.39 in DIMF cells, and 311.54 μmol/L in TRMF cells, respectively. Activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in DIMF cells gradually increased as the concentration of copper sulfate increased (up to 200 μmol/L), and then gradually decreased. SOD activity in triploid loach fin cells, as well as glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity in both diploid and triploid cells, decreased as the concentration of copper sulfate increased, which suggested that excessive copper exposure at the concentrations tested in this study was detrimental to anti-oxidative capability. In general, SOD, GST and GSH-Px activity was higher in triploid fin cells than in diploid cells. DNA breaks were observed by comet assays after 24 h exposure to 400 and 800 μM copper; DNA percent in the comet's tail was lower in TRMF than in DIMF. Ultrastructurally, there were no significant differences in the organelles of both cells, although a higher number of vesicles were observed in TRMF cells after copper exposure. Pathological changes induced by copper sulfate were similar in DIMF and TRMF cells, and were indicative of cell necrosis. Results above suggested that excessive copper sulfate exposure would lead to antioxidant enzymes activity reduction, along with antioxidant defenses disruption and superoxide radicals increasing, and then to DNA damage, ultrastructural changes and necrosis features in DIMF and TRMF M. anguillicaudatus fin cells. Triploid cell lines had higher resistance to copper than their diploid counterparts especially at higher concentrations of copper due to larger cells and higher intracellular content of detoxification enzymes to resist the toxicity of heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Qin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resource Restoration and Habitat Reparation in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xia Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resource Restoration and Habitat Reparation in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, PRC, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Yanjin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resource Restoration and Habitat Reparation in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resource Restoration and Habitat Reparation in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resource Restoration and Habitat Reparation in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resource Restoration and Habitat Reparation in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resource Restoration and Habitat Reparation in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, PRC, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
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Mitra T, Mahanty A, Ganguly S, Purohit GK, Mohanty S, Parida PK, Behera PR, Raman RK, Mohanty BP. Expression patterns of heat shock protein genes in Rita rita from natural riverine habitat as biomarker response against environmental pollution. Chemosphere 2018; 211:535-546. [PMID: 30092534 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
River pollution is one of the principal environmental concerns and biomonitoring tools can play an important role in pollution assessment in the riverine environment. Heat shock proteins (Hsps) have been found to be suitable tools for monitoring stress response. In the present study, expression analyses of hsp genes (hsp27, hsp47, hsp60, hsp70, hsc70, and hsp90) and selected hsp-regulatory genes (hsf1, hyou1, ask1, jnk) were carried out by RT-qPCR in catfish Rita rita collected from selected stretches of river Ganga to investigate changes in their expression patterns as biomarker response. Water quality characteristics were measured in terms of physico-chemical characteristics (DO, BOD, COD, pH, conductivity), element profile (arsenic, mercury, cadmium, lead, chromium, zinc, copper) and persistent organic pollutants (POPs; HCH, DDT, aldrin, endosulphan, heptachlor). Water quality index was calculated and sampling sites were categorized as good/medium/bad. Multivariate analysis was carried out taking the water quality parameters and the fold changes in hsp gene expression as variables, which showed that hsp47 and hsp70b correlated well with BOD, an indicator of organic pollution. To identify the organic pollutant(s) which could be influencing the expression of hsps, again multivariate analysis was employed taking concentration of POPs and fold changes of hsps, which showed up-regulation of hsp47 and hsp70b (HSP72i) correlated well with concentrations of aldrin and HCH. Synergistic effects of these POPs could be responsible for the up-regulation of said hsps, although individually present in low concentration; thus, indicating synergistic effect of the POPs on hsp47 and hsp70b up-regulation as biomarker response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tandrima Mitra
- ICAR- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Fishery Resource and Environmental Management Division, Biochemistry Laboratory, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700 120, India
| | - Arabinda Mahanty
- ICAR- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Fishery Resource and Environmental Management Division, Biochemistry Laboratory, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700 120, India
| | - Satabdi Ganguly
- ICAR- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Fishery Resource and Environmental Management Division, Biochemistry Laboratory, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700 120, India
| | | | - Sasmita Mohanty
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT- Deemed University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Pranaya Kumar Parida
- ICAR- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Fishery Resource and Environmental Management Division, Biochemistry Laboratory, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700 120, India
| | - Prajna Ritambhara Behera
- ICAR- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Fishery Resource and Environmental Management Division, Biochemistry Laboratory, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700 120, India
| | - Rohan Kumar Raman
- ICAR- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Fishery Resource and Environmental Management Division, Biochemistry Laboratory, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700 120, India
| | - Bimal Prasanna Mohanty
- ICAR- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Fishery Resource and Environmental Management Division, Biochemistry Laboratory, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700 120, India.
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Zhang C, Brandon NR, Koper K, Tang P, Xu Y, Dou H. Invasion of Peripheral Immune Cells into Brain Parenchyma after Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation. Aging Dis 2018; 9:412-425. [PMID: 29896429 PMCID: PMC5988596 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.0926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although a direct link has long been suspected between systemic immune responses and neuronal injuries after stroke, it is unclear which immune cells play an important role. A question remains as to whether the blood brain barrier (BBB) is transiently disrupted after circulatory arrest to allow peripheral immune cells to enter brain parenchyma. Here, we developed a clinically relevant cardiac arrest and resuscitation model in mice to investigate the BBB integrity using noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging. Changes in immune signals in the brain and periphery were assayed by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Quantitative variance maps from T1-weighted difference images before and after blood-pool contrast clearance revealed BBB disruptions immediately after resuscitation and one day after reperfusion. Time profiles of hippocampal CA1 neuronal injuries correlated with the morphological changes of microglia activation. Cytotoxic T cells, CD11b+CD11c+ dendritic cells, and CD11b+CD45+hi monocytes and macrophages were significantly increased in the brain three days after cardiac arrest and resuscitation, suggesting direct infiltration of these cells following the BBB disruption. Importantly, these immune cell changes were coupled with a parallel increase in the same subset of immune cell populations in the bone marrow and blood. We conclude that neurovascular breakdown during the initial reperfusion phase contributes to the systemic immune cell invasion and subsequent neuropathogenesis affecting the long-term outcome after cardiac arrest and resuscitation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pei Tang
- 1Departments of Anesthesiology.,2Pharmacology and Chemical Biology.,3Computational and Systems Biology
| | - Yan Xu
- 1Departments of Anesthesiology.,2Pharmacology and Chemical Biology.,4Physics and Astronomy, and.,5Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Huanyu Dou
- 6Department of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, and.,7Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
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Orozco-Hernández L, Gutiérrez-Gómez AA, SanJuan-Reyes N, Islas-Flores H, García-Medina S, Galar-Martínez M, Dublán-García O, Natividad R, Gómez-Oliván LM. 17β-Estradiol induces cyto-genotoxicity on blood cells of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Chemosphere 2018; 191:118-127. [PMID: 29031051 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
17β-Estradiol, a natural hormone present at high concentrations in aquatic ecosystems, affects and modifies endocrine function in animals. In recent years research workers have expressed concern over its potential effects on aquatic organisms; however, little is known about its capacity to induce genetic damage or the pro-apoptotic effects of such damage on fish. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate 17β-estradiol-induced cyto-genotoxicity in blood cells of the common carp Cyprinus carpio exposed to different concentrations (1 ng, 1 μg and 1 mg L-1). Peripheral blood samples were collected and evaluated by comet assay, micronucleus test, determination of caspase-3 activity and TUNEL assay at 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h of exposure. Increases in frequency of micronuclei, TUNEL-positive cells and caspase-3 activity were observed, particularly at the highest concentration. In contrast, the comet assay detected significant increases at 24 and 96 h with the 1 μg and 1 ng L-1 concentrations respectively. The set of assays used in the present study constitutes a reliable early warning biomarker for evaluating the toxicity induced by this type of emerging contaminants on aquatic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Orozco-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón Intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n. Col. Residencial Colón, 50120, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Adriana Andrea Gutiérrez-Gómez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón Intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n. Col. Residencial Colón, 50120, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Nely SanJuan-Reyes
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón Intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n. Col. Residencial Colón, 50120, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Hariz Islas-Flores
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón Intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n. Col. Residencial Colón, 50120, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Sandra García-Medina
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Acuática, Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Av. Wilfrido Massieu S/n y Cerrada de Manuel Stampa, Col. Industrial Vallejo, C.P. 007700, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Marcela Galar-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Acuática, Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Av. Wilfrido Massieu S/n y Cerrada de Manuel Stampa, Col. Industrial Vallejo, C.P. 007700, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Octavio Dublán-García
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón Intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n. Col. Residencial Colón, 50120, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Reyna Natividad
- Chemical Engineering Lab., Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable UAEM-UNAM, Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco Km 14.5, Unidad San Cayetano, Toluca, Estado de México, 50200, Mexico
| | - Leobardo Manuel Gómez-Oliván
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón Intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n. Col. Residencial Colón, 50120, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico.
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10
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Anjos VA, Sandrini JZ, Martinez CBR, Souza MM. Characterization of MXR activity in the sea anemone Bunodosoma cangicum exposed to copper. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 202:12-18. [PMID: 28754376 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Transmembrane proteins of the ABC family contribute to a multiple xenobiotic resistance (MXR) phenotype in cells, driving the extrusion of toxic substances. This phenotype promotes a high degree of protection against xenobiotics. The present study provides a better understanding of the MXR activity in the podal disk cells of Bunodosoma cangicum exposed to copper, and further establishes the relationship between protein activity (measured by accumulation of rhodamine-B) and bioaccumulation of copper in these cells. Sea anemone cells were exposed for 24h to copper (0, 7.8 and 15.6μg/L) in presence and absence of MXR blocker (verapamil 50μM). Results indicate that copper exposure increases intracellular metal content when ABC proteins were blocked, causing an increase in cellular death. The present study also verified the relationship between MXR activity, ATP depletion, and general metabolic activity (by MTT). MXR activity decreased in treatment groups exposed to copper concentrations of 15.6μg/L and 10mM energy depleting potassium cyanide. Metabolic activity increased in cells exposed to 7.8μgCu/L, but 15.6μgCu/L was similar to 0 and 7.8μg/L. The presence of copper decreased the ABC proteins expression. The present study improves the knowledge of MXR in anemone cells and shows that this activity is closely associated with copper extrusion. Also, the copper exposure is able to modify the metabolic state and to lead to cytotoxicity when cells cannot defend themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Abelaira Anjos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Juliana Zomer Sandrini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Rio Grande, do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Marta Marques Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Rio Grande, do Sul, Brazil.
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11
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Vazzana M, Celi M, Arizza V, Calandra G, Buscaino G, Ferrantelli V, Bracciali C, Sarà G. Noise elicits hematological stress parameters in Mediterranean damselfish (Chromis chromis, perciformes): A mesocosm study. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2017; 62:147-152. [PMID: 28108343 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In the last few decades, technological developments and the widespread rise of anthropic activities have increased the exposure of organisms to noise pollution, thus evoking great interest in its biological effects, particularly on the immune system. The aim of the present work was to investigate some of the biochemical parameters in the blood of Chromis chromis (Linnaeus, 1758) following in vivo exposure to noise levels of 200 and 300 Hz. Our results revealed that, compared to the control specimens, the fish exposed to noise had significantly increased levels of stress biomarkers such as glucose, lactate and total proteins in plasma, as well as a rise in the expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirella Vazzana
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Biologia Animale e Antropologia Biologica, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi, 18-90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Monica Celi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Biologia Animale e Antropologia Biologica, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi, 18-90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Arizza
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Biologia Animale e Antropologia Biologica, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi, 18-90123 Palermo, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze del Mare e della Terra, Università di Palermo, Via delle Scienze Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy; U.O. Granitola Cape Institute for Coastal Marine Environment, National Research Council, Via del Faro, 4-91021 Capo Granitola (TP), Italy; Istituto Zooprofilattico della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Palermo, Italy; Istituto Euro Mediterraneo di Scienza e Tecnologia, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Giampiero Calandra
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Biologia Animale e Antropologia Biologica, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi, 18-90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Buscaino
- U.O. Granitola Cape Institute for Coastal Marine Environment, National Research Council, Via del Faro, 4-91021 Capo Granitola (TP), Italy
| | | | - Claudia Bracciali
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Mare e della Terra, Università di Palermo, Via delle Scienze Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Gianluca Sarà
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Mare e della Terra, Università di Palermo, Via delle Scienze Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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12
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Pereira LS, Ribas JLC, Vicari T, Silva SB, Stival J, Baldan AP, Valdez Domingos FX, Grassi MT, Cestari MM, Silva de Assis HC. Effects of ecologically relevant concentrations of cadmium in a freshwater fish. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2016; 130:29-36. [PMID: 27062343 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Sub-chronic effects of ecologically relevant concentrations of cadmium (Cd) were evaluated in the catfish Rhamdia quelen. The fish were exposed to Cd (0, 0.1, 1, 10 and 100μgL(-1)) for 15 days. Bioconcentration was observed in the liver of fish exposed to 10 and 100μgL(-1) of cadmium. The liver glutathione S-transferase activity decreased at 0.1 and 1μgL(-1) and increased at 100μgL(-1) and lipoperoxidation increased in all tested concentrations. Fish exposed to 0.1, 1 and 100µgL(-1) Cd presented increase in hepatic lesion index. In the kidney, the catalase activity and LPO reduced in all exposed groups. The gluthatione peroxidase, etoxiresorufin-O-deethylase activities and metallothionein increased at the highest concentration of Cd, but the level of reduced glutathione decreased. The genotoxicity was observed at 0.1 and 100μgL(-1). Neurotoxicity was not observed. The results showed that low concentrations (range of μgL(-1)) of Cd caused hepato-, nephro- and hematological alterations in this freshwater fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Pereira
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Parana, Brazil
| | - J L C Ribas
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Parana, Brazil
| | - T Vicari
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Parana, Brazil
| | - S B Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Parana, Brazil
| | - J Stival
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Parana, Brazil
| | - A P Baldan
- School of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Parana, Brazil
| | | | - M T Grassi
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Parana, Brazil
| | - M M Cestari
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Parana, Brazil
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13
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Morcillo P, Meseguer J, Esteban MÁ, Cuesta A. In vitro effects of metals on isolated head-kidney and blood leucocytes of the teleost fish Sparus aurata L. and Dicentrarchus labrax L. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2016; 54:77-85. [PMID: 27041665 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.03.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The in vitro use of fish leucocytes to test the toxicity of aquatic pollutants, and particularly the immutoxicological effects, could be a valuable alternative to fish bioassays but has received little attention. In this study, head-kidney and peripheral blood leucocytes (HKLs and PBLs, respectively) from gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) and European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) specimens were exposed to Cd, MeHg (methylmercury), Pb or As for 24 h being evaluated the resulting cytotoxicity. Exposure to metals produced a dose-dependent reduction in the viability, and MeHg showed the highest toxicity followed by Cd, As and Pb. Interestingly, leucocytes from European sea bass are more resistant to metal exposure than those from gilthead seabream. Similarly, HKLs are always more sensitive than those isolated from blood from the same fish species. Moreover, fish leucocytes incubated with metals exhibited alterations in gene expression profiles that were more pronounced in the HKLs in general, being Pb the metal provoking less effects. Concretely, genes related to cellular protection (metallothionein), stress (heat shock protein 70) and oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione reductase) were, in general, down-regulated in seabream HKLs but up-regulated in seabream PBLs and sea bass HKLs and PBLs. In addition, this profile leads to the increase of expression in genes related to apoptosis (Bcl2 associated X protein and caspase 3). Finally, transcription of genes involved in immunity (interleukin-1β and immunoglobulin M) was down-regulated, mainly in seabream leucocytes. This study points to the benefits for evaluating the toxicological mechanisms of marine pollution using fish leucocytes in vitro and insight into the mechanisms at gene level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Morcillo
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - José Meseguer
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - M Ángeles Esteban
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Cuesta
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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Morcillo P, Cordero H, Meseguer J, Esteban MÁ, Cuesta A. Toxicological in vitro effects of heavy metals on gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) head–kidney leucocytes. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 30:412-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Simoncelli F, Belia S, Di Rosa I, Paracucchi R, Rossi R, La Porta G, Lucentini L, Fagotti A. Short-term cadmium exposure induces stress responses in frog (Pelophylax bergeri) skin organ culture. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2015; 122:221-229. [PMID: 26277541 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
There have been a few studies on the negative effects of pollutants on amphibian skin, the first structural barrier that interacts with the environment and its potential contaminants. In this study an ex vivo skin organ culture from the amphibian Pelophylax bergeri was used to evaluate cell stress responses induced by short-term exposure to cadmium (Cd), a toxic heavy metal known to be an environmental hazard to both humans and wildlife. Histopathological studies were carried out on skin explants using light microscopy and changes in the expression of stress proteins, such as Metallothionein (MT) and Heat shock proteins (HSPs), were investigated by Real-time RT-PCR. Results revealed that amphibian skin reacts to Cd-induced stress by activating biological responses such as morphological alterations and dose- and time-dependent induction of Mt and Hsp70 mRNA expression, suggesting their potential role as biomarkers of exposure to Cd. This work provides a basis for a better understanding of the tissue-specific responses of amphibian skin as a target organ to Cd exposure and its in vitro use for testing potentially harmful substances present in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Simoncelli
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Silvia Belia
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Ines Di Rosa
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Romina Paracucchi
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Roberta Rossi
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Gianandrea La Porta
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Livia Lucentini
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Anna Fagotti
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
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16
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Gomes JM, Ribeiro HJ, Procópio MS, Alvarenga BM, Castro AC, Dutra WO, da Silva JB, Corrêa Junior JD. What the Erythrocytic Nuclear Alteration Frequencies Could Tell Us about Genotoxicity and Macrophage Iron Storage? PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143029. [PMID: 26619141 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythrocytic nuclear alterations have been considered as an indicative of organism’s exposure to genotoxic agents. Due to their close relationship among their frequencies and DNA damages, they are considered excellent markers of exposure in eukaryotes. However, poor data has been found in literature concerning their genesis, differential occurrence and their life span. In this study, we use markers of cell viability; genotoxicity and cellular turn over in order to shed light to these events. Tilapia and their blood were exposed to cadmium in acute exposure and in vitro assays. They were analyzed using flow cytometry for oxidative stress and membrane disruption, optical microscopy for erythrocytic nuclear alteration, graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry for cadmium content in aquaria water, blood and cytochemical and analytical electron microscopy techniques for the hemocateretic aspects. The results showed a close relationship among the total nuclear alterations and cadmium content in the total blood and melanomacrophage centres area, mismatching reactive oxygen species and membrane damages. Moreover, nuclear alterations frequencies (vacuolated, condensed and blebbed) showed to be associated to cadmium exposure whereas others (lobed and bud) were associated to depuration period. Decrease on nuclear alterations frequencies was also associated with hemosiderin increase inside spleen and head kidney macrophages mainly during depurative processes. These data disclosure in temporal fashion the main processes that drive the nuclear alterations frequencies and their relationship with some cellular and systemic biomarkers.
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17
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Morcillo P, Cordero H, Meseguer J, Esteban MÁ, Cuesta A. In vitro immunotoxicological effects of heavy metals on European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) head-kidney leucocytes. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2015; 47:245-254. [PMID: 26363228 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge about the direct effects of heavy metals on fish leucocytes is still limited. We investigate the in vitro effects of heavy metals (Cd, Hg, Pb or As) on oxidative stress, viability and innate immune parameters of head-kidney leucocytes (HKLs) from European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Production of free oxygen radicals was induced by Cd, Hg and As, mainly after 30 min of exposure. Cd and Hg promoted both apoptosis and necrosis cell death while Pb and As did only apoptosis, in all cases in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, expression of genes related to oxidative stress and apoptosis was significantly induced by Hg and Pb but down-regulated by As. In addition, the expression of the metallothionein A gene was up-regulated by Cd and Pb exposure though this transcript, as well as the heat shock protein 70, was down-regulated by Hg. Cd, methylmercury (MeHg) and As reduced the phagocytic ability, whereas Hg and Pb increased it. Interestingly, all the heavy metals decreased the phagocytic capacity (the number of ingested particles per cell). Leucocyte respiratory burst changed depending on the metal exposure, usually in a time- and dose-manner. Interestingly, the expression of immune-related genes was slightly affected by Cd, MeHg, As or Pb being Hg the form producing the greatest alterations, which included down-regulation of immunoglobulin M and hepcidin, as well as the up-regulation of interleukin-1 beta mRNA levels. This study provides an in vitro approach for elucidating the heavy metals toxicity, and particularly the immunotoxicity, in fish leucocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Morcillo
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Héctor Cordero
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - José Meseguer
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - M Ángeles Esteban
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Cuesta
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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18
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Traina A, Oliveri E, Salvagio Manta D, Barra M, Mazzola S, Cuttitta A. Metals content in otoliths of Dicentrarchus labrax from two fish farms of Sicily. Environ Monit Assess 2015; 187:360. [PMID: 25980727 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4434-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Otoliths of cultured sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) from two different fish farms of Sicily were collected and analyzed by using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. Metal content (Ba, Cd, Fe, Mg, Mn, Sr, and Zn) was measured in order to test the potential use of biogenic carbonates as proxies of dissimilar environmental conditions since the fish farms are implanted in opposite coastal marine areas (Gulf of Castellammare and Gulf of Gela) characterized by different oceanographic features and human activities. Cluster analysis discriminates samples as different groups on the basis of metal content. Results show that concentrations of Sr in the otoliths have a similar range of distribution and not significantly different between the two farms. Otherwise, Fe, Mg, Mn, and Cd show higher concentrations in otoliths collected from fish reared in the farm in the southern coast (Gulf of Gela), an area subject to a great anthropogenic pressure. Zn is the only element with higher values in the otoliths from the farm in the northern coast (Gulf of Trappeto) probably due to industrial effluent. In this work, obtained data confirm the high potential of trace elements measurements in these biogenic carbonates as proxies of different environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Traina
- Institute for Coastal and Marine Environment (IAMC)-CNR, Via del Mare, 3, Torretta Granitola, 91021, Campobello di Mazara, TP, Italy
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Lee YT, Hsieh YL, Yeh YH, Huang CY. Synthesis of phenolic amides and evaluation of their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and in vivo. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra14137k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
15 phenolic amides (PAs) have been synthesized and examinedin vitrousing four tests: (1) prevention of Cu2+-induced human low-density lipoprotein oxidation, (2) scavenging of stable radicals, (3) anti-inflammatory activity, and (4) scavenging of superoxide radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ting Lee
- Department of Beauty Science
- National Taichung University of Science and Technology
- Taichung
- Republic of China
| | - You-Liang Hsieh
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology
- Asia University
- Taichung
- Republic of China
| | - Yen-Hung Yeh
- School of Health Diet and Industry Management
- Chung Shan Medical University
- Taichung
- Republic of China
- Department of Nutrition
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology
- Asia University
- Taichung
- Republic of China
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science
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