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Gurunathan S, Thangaraj P, Das J, Kim JH. Antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of Pseudomonas aeruginosa derived outer membrane vesicles against Streptococcus mutans. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22606. [PMID: 38125454 PMCID: PMC10730581 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious and most urgent global threat to human health. AMR is one of today's biggest difficulties in the health system and has the potential to harm people at any stage of life, making it a severe public health issue. There must be fewer antimicrobial medicines available to treat diseases given the rise in antibiotic-resistant organisms. If no new drugs are created or discovered, it is predicted that there won't be any effective antibiotics accessible by 2050. In most cases, Streptococcus increased antibiotic resistance by forming biofilms, which account for around 80 % of all microbial infections in humans. This highlights the need to look for new strategies to manage diseases that are resistant to antibiotics. Therefore, development alternative, biocompatible and high efficacy new strategies are essential to overcome drug resistance. Recently, bacterial derived extracellular vesicles have been applied to tackle infection and reduce the emergence of drug resistance. Therefore, the objective of the current study was designed to assess the antibacterial and antibiofilm potential of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) derived from Pseudomonas aeruginosa againstStreptococcus mutans. According to the findings of this investigation, the pure P. aeruginosa outer membrane vesicles (PAOMVs) display a size of 100 nm. S. mutans treated with PAOMVs showed significant antibacterial and antibiofilm activity. The mechanistic studies revealed that PAOMVs induce cell death through excessive generation of reactive oxygen species and imbalance of redox leads to lipid peroxidation, decreased level of antioxidant markers including glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase. Further this study confirmed that PAOMVs significantly impairs metabolic activity through inhibiting lactate dehydrogenase activity (LDH), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, leakage of proteins and sugars. Interestingly, combination of sub-lethal concentrations of PAOMVs and antibiotics enhances cell death and biofilm formation of S. mutans. Altogether, this work, may serve as an important basis for further evaluation of PAOMVs as novel therapeutic agents against bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangiliyandi Gurunathan
- Department of Biotechnology, Rathinam College of Arts and Science, Rathinam Techzone Campus, Eachanari, Coimbatore, 641 021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pratheep Thangaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, Rathinam College of Arts and Science, Rathinam Techzone Campus, Eachanari, Coimbatore, 641 021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Joydeep Das
- Department of Chemistry, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796 004, Mizoram, India
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
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2
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Yang Y, Wang L, Zhao Y, Ma F, Lin Z, Liu Y, Dong Z, Chen G, Liu D. PBDEs disrupt homeostasis maintenance and regeneration of planarians due to DNA damage, proliferation and apoptosis anomaly. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022; 248:114287. [PMID: 36371889 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are widely used as brominated flame retardants in the manufacturing industry, belonging to persistent organic pollutants in the environment. Planarians are the freshwater worms, with strong regenerative ability and extreme sensitivity to environmental toxicants. This study aimed to evaluate the potential acute comprehensive effects of PBDE-47/-209 on freshwater planarians. Methods to detect the effects include: detection of oxidative stress, observation of morphology and histology, detection of DNA fragmentation, and detection of cell proliferation and apoptosis. In the PBDE-47 treatment group, planarians showed increased oxidative stress intensity, severe tissue damage, increased DNA fragmentation level, and increased cell proliferation and apoptosis. In the PBDE-209 treatment group, planarians showed decreased oxidative stress intensity, slight tissue damage, almost unchanged DNA fragmentation level and apoptosis, proliferation increased only on the first day after treatment. In conclusion, both PBDE-47 and PBDE-209 are dangerous environmental hazardous material that can disrupt planarians homeostasis, while the toxicity of PBDE-47 is sever than PBDE-209 that PBDE-47 can lead to the death of planarians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Yang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang City, 453007 Henan, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang City, 453007 Henan, China
| | - Yuhao Zhao
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang City, 453007 Henan, China
| | - Fuhao Ma
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang City, 453007 Henan, China
| | - Ziyi Lin
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang City, 453007 Henan, China
| | - Yingyu Liu
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang City, 453007 Henan, China
| | - Zimei Dong
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang City, 453007 Henan, China.
| | - Guangwen Chen
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang City, 453007 Henan, China.
| | - Dezeng Liu
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang City, 453007 Henan, China
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Beale DJ, Sinclair GM, Shah R, Paten AM, Kumar A, Long SM, Vardy S, Jones OAH. A review of omics-based PFAS exposure studies reveals common biochemical response pathways. Sci Total Environ 2022; 845:157255. [PMID: 35817100 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Per and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) are a diverse group of man-made chemicals with a range of industrial applications and which are widespread in the environment. They are structurally diverse but comprise a common chemical feature of at least one (though usually more) perfluorocarbon moiety (-CnF2n-) attached to a functional group such as a carboxylic or sulphonic acid. The strength of the Carbon-Fluorine bond means the compounds do not break down easily and can thus bioaccumulate. PFAS are of high concern to regulators and the public due to their potential toxicity and high persistence. At high exposure levels, PFAS have been implicated in a range of harmful effects on human and environmental health, particularly problems in/with development, cholesterol and endocrine disruption, immune system function, and oncogenesis. However, most environmental toxicology studies use far higher levels of PFAS than are generally found in the environment. Additionally, since the type of exposure, the PFAS used, and the organisms tested all vary between studies, so do the results. Traditional ecotoxicology studies may thus not identify PFAS effects at environmentally relevant exposures. Here we conduct a review of omics-based PFAS exposure studies using laboratory ecotoxicological methodologies and environmentally relevant exposure levels and show that common biochemical response pathways are identified in multiple studies. A major pathway identified was the pentose phosphate shunt pathway. Such molecular markers of sublethal PFAS exposure will greatly benefit accurate and effective risk assessments to ensure that new PFAS regulations can consider the full effects of PFAS exposure on environmental and human health receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Beale
- Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia.
| | - Georgia M Sinclair
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Rohan Shah
- Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia; Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Amy M Paten
- Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Black Mountain, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Anupama Kumar
- Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Sara M Long
- Aquatic Environmental Stress Research Group (AQUEST), School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Suzanne Vardy
- Water Quality and Investigation, Science and Technology Division, Department of Environment and Science, Queensland Government, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Oliver A H Jones
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
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Li L, Yu N, Wang X, Shi W, Liu H, Zhang X, Yang L, Pan B, Yu H, Wei S. Comprehensive Exposure Studies of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in the General Population: Target, Nontarget Screening, and Toxicity Prediction. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:14617-14626. [PMID: 36174189 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c03345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Novel per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the environment and populations have received extensive attention; however, their distribution and potential toxic effects in the general population remain unclear. Here, a comprehensive study on PFAS screening was carried out in serum samples of 202 individuals from the general population in four cities in China. A total of 165 suspected PFASs were identified using target and nontarget analysis, including seven identified PFAS homolog series, of which 16 PFASs were validated against standards, and seven PFASs [4:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (4:2 Cl-PFESA), 7:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (7:2 Cl-PFESA), hydrosubstituted perfluoroheptanoate (H-PFHpA), chlorine-substituted perfluorooctanoate (Cl-PFOA), chlorine-substituted perfluorononanate (Cl-PFNA), chlorine-substituted perfluorodecanoate (Cl-PFDA), and perfluorodecanedioic acid (PFLDCA n = 8)] were reported for the first time in human serum. The Tox21-GCN model (a graph convolutional neural network model based on the Tox21 database) was established to predict the toxicity of the discovered PFASs, revealing that PFASs containing sulfonic acid groups exhibited multiple potential toxic effects, such as estrogenic effects and stress responses. Our study indicated that the general population was exposed to various PFASs, and the toxicity prediction results of individual PFASs suggested potential health risks that could not be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laihui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Nanyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuebing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Liuyan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingcai Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Si Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
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Fabrello J, Ciscato M, Masiero L, Finos L, Valsecchi S, Polesello S, Bernardini I, Rovere GD, Bargelloni L, Massimo M, Patarnello T, Marin MG, Matozzo V. New compounds, old problems. The case of C6O4 - a substitute of PFOA - and its effects to the clam Ruditapes philippinarum. J Hazard Mater 2021; 420:126689. [PMID: 34329081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
C6O4 (difluoro{[2,2,4,5-tetrafluoro-5-(trifluoromethoxy)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]oxy}acetic acid) is a new surfactant and emulsifier used as a substitute of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). Recently, C6O4 has been detected in aquatic environments, but, at present, no information concerning the effects of C6O4 on aquatic species, such as bivalves, are available in the literature. Therefore, in this study we evaluated for the first time the effects of C6O4 (0.1 and 1 µg/L) and PFOA (1 µg/L) to the clam Ruditapes philippinarum. Short-term (7 days) and long-term (21 days) exposures of clams to the two compounds were carried out and numerous biomarkers were measured in haemocytes/haemolymph, as well as in gills and digestive gland. The MANOVA analysis demonstrated statistically significant effects of the independent variables "treatment", "time" and "treatment-time interaction" on the whole dataset of biomarker responses. The two-way ANOVA analysis performed for each biomarker response indicated that the two compounds affected most of the cellular and tissue parameters measured. Despite preliminary, the results obtained suggested that C6O4 - similarly to PFOA - can affect both cellular and biochemical parameters of clams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Fabrello
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Basssi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Ciscato
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Basssi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Luciano Masiero
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Basssi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Livio Finos
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialisation, University of Padova, Via Venezia 8, Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Valsecchi
- Water Research Institute, Italian National Research Council (IRSA-CNR), Via Mulino 19, 20861 Brugherio, MB, Italy
| | - Stefano Polesello
- Water Research Institute, Italian National Research Council (IRSA-CNR), Via Mulino 19, 20861 Brugherio, MB, Italy
| | - Ilaria Bernardini
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Giulia Dalla Rovere
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Luca Bargelloni
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Milan Massimo
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Tomaso Patarnello
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | | | - Valerio Matozzo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Basssi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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Liu Y, Chen J, Dong Z, Chen G, Liu D. Antioxidant responses and lipid peroxidation can be used as sensitive indicators for the heavy metals risk assessment of the Wei River: a case study of planarian Dugesia Japonica. Biomarkers 2020; 26:55-64. [PMID: 33225756 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2020.1854347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To verify antioxidant responses and lipid peroxidation can be used as sensitive indicators for the risk assessment of the Wei River. MATERIAL AND METHODS We investigate the effects of the Wei River on oxidative stress of planarian Dugesia japonica by antioxidant parameters, and use ICP-MS to measure the heavy metals in the Wei River. Then, we observe the effects of three common heavy metal ions (Cr3+, Hg2+, Pb2+) on the regeneration of planarians on morphological and histological levels. RESULTS The significant changes of antioxidant parameters (SOD, CAT, GPx, GST, T-AOC) and MDA content indicate that oxidative stress is induced after the Wei River exposure on planarians, though the heavy metals in the Wei River are not exceeding the standards. Then, the regeneration of planarians shows different degree of morphological and histological damage after Cr3+, Hg2+ and Pb2+ exposure. CONCLUSION We speculate that the heavy metal ions in the Wei River, especially Cr3+, Hg2+ and Pb2+, may give rise to oxidative damage on planarians. These findings illustrate that planarian can serve as an indicator of aquatic ecosystem pollution, antioxidant responses and lipid peroxidation can also be used as sensitive indicators and provide an excellent opportunity for urban river risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyu Liu
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jinzi Chen
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zimei Dong
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Guangwen Chen
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Dezeng Liu
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
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Li R, Tang T, Qiao W, Huang J. Toxic effect of perfluorooctane sulfonate on plants in vertical-flow constructed wetlands. J Environ Sci (China) 2020; 92:176-186. [PMID: 32430120 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) can be taken up and bioaccumulated in plants, but the toxic mechanisms of PFASs on wetland plants are still unclear. In present study, the toxic influences of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) on Eichhornia crassipes (E. crassipes) and Cyperus alternifolius (C. alternifolius) in a vertical-subsurface-flow constructed wetland were evaluated. The results showed that E. crassipes was more tolerant to PFOS stress than C. alternifolius, and the growth and chlorophyll synthesis of the two plants were promoted by low concentration (<0.1 mg/L) of PFOS, and the chlorophyll synthesis was inhibited by high concentration (10 mg/L) of PFOS but the growth did not change obviously. The catalase activity and malondialdehyde content in the leaves of the two plants increased, peroxidase activity decreased under exposure to high concentrations of PFOS, and superoxide dismutase activity did not change. Under PFOS stress, the membrane of plant leaves and the cell structure of the two wetland plants were destroyed, and the mitochondrial contour of root cells became incomplete. Tanscriptomic analysis showed that the expression levels of genes related to cell wall formation, the cell apoptosis pathway, material synthesis, and metabolism in the plants were changed by PFOS. Analysis in fluorogenic quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) also confirmed that the photosynthesis system of E. crassipes was inhibited, while that of C. alternifolius was promoted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Tianhao Tang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Weichuan Qiao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Jun Huang
- School of Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control (BKLEOC), State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Wang B, Li D, Yuan Z, Zhang Y, Ma X, Lv Z, Xiao Y, Zhang J. Evaluation of joint effects of perfluorooctane sulfonate and wood vinegar on planarians, Dugesia japonica. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:18089-18098. [PMID: 32170611 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08342-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a persistent organic pollutant and can cause oxidative stress in animals. Wood vinegar (WV) is the water condensate of smoke produced during wood carbonization. It was used for antibacterial application, pest control, and antioxidant. In the study, PFOS and WV were used to treat the planarian, and then the oxidative stress induced by PFOS on the planarian (Dugesia japonica) and the protective effects of WV on lipid peroxidation, related antioxidant enzyme activity, and mRNA expression in the planarian were studied. PFOS caused an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, a decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, and a change in glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR) activities. The mRNA levels of glutathione peroxidase gene (gpx), glutathione S-transferase enzyme gene (gst), and glutathione reductase gene (gr) are upregulated or downregulated to varying degrees. The WV and co-treatment planarians reduced MDA levels, increased the activities of oxidative stress biomarker enzymes, and restored gene expression levels. Our results show that low concentration of WV has protective effects on the oxidative damage caused by PFOS in the planarian.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, Shandong, China
| | - Danping Li
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, Shandong, China
| | - Zuoqing Yuan
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, Shandong, China
| | - Yuejie Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, Shandong, China
| | - Xue Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, Shandong, China
| | - Ziheng Lv
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, Shandong, China
| | - Jianyong Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, Shandong, China.
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9
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Ma KX, Song GG, Wu M, Zhang HC, Chen GW, Liu DZ. Identification of a potential tissue-specific biomarker cathepsin L-like gene from the planarian Dugesia japonica: Molecular cloning, characterization, and expression in response to heavy metal exposure. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 180:73-79. [PMID: 31075718 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.04.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution is a global health issue affecting people worldwide, and the exploration of sensitive biomarkers to assess the toxicity of heavy metals is an important work for researchers. Cathepsin L, role as a tissue-specific biomarker to assess the biological effects of environmental pollutants, has not received much attention. In this work, the full-length cDNA of cathepsin L gene from the planarian Dugesia japonica (designated DjCatL) was cloned by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) technique. The cDNA sequence of DjCatL is 1161 bp, which encodes a protein of 346 amino acids with a molecular weight of 39.03 kDa. Sequence analysis revealed that DjCatL contains highly conserved ERF/WNIN, GNFD, and GCXGG motifs, which are the features of the cathepsin L protein family. Whole-mount in situ hybridization (WISH) results revealed that the transcripts of DjCatL are specifically distributed in the intestinal system, suggesting that this gene is related to food digestion in planarians. Both quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and WISH results revealed that the transcriptional levels of DjCatL are inhibited significantly by heavy metal (Cd2+, Hg2+, and Cu2+) exposure in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, we proposed that cathepsin L can be used as a tissue-specific biomarker to assess the heavy metal pollution in the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Xue Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Ge-Ge Song
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Meng Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - He-Cai Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Guang-Wen Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China.
| | - De-Zeng Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
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10
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Qiao W, Zhang Y, Xie Z, Luo Y, Zhang X, Sang C, Xie S, Huang J. Toxicity of perfluorooctane sulfonate on Phanerochaete chrysosporium: Growth, pollutant degradation and transcriptomics. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 174:66-74. [PMID: 30822669 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.02.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
As a persistent organic pollutant listed in the Stockholm Convention, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is extremely refractory to degradation under ambient conditions. Its potential ecotoxicity has aroused great concerns and research interests. However, little is known about the toxicity of PFOS on fungus. In this study, the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium (P. chrysosporium) was adopted to assess the toxicity of PFOS in liquid culture. The addition of 100 mg/L PFOS potassium salt significantly decreased the fungal biomass by up to 76.4% comparing with un-amended control during the incubation period. The hyphostroma of P. chrysosporium was wizened and its cell membrane was thickened, while its vesicle structure was increased, based on the observation with scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Nevertheless, the PFOS dosage of below 100 mg/L did not show a considerable damage to the growth of P. chrysosporium. The degradation of malachite green (MG) and 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) by P. chrysosporium was negatively affected by PFOS. At the initial dosage of 100 mg/L PFOS, the decolorization efficiency of MG and the degradation efficiency of 2,4-DCP decreased by 37% and 20%, respectively. This might be attributed to the inhibition of PFOS on MnP and LiP activities. The activities of MnP and LiP decreased by 20.6% and 43.4%, respectively. At a high dosage PFOS (100 mg/L), P. chrysosporium could show a high adsorption of MG but lose its pollutant degradation ability. Transcriptome analysis indicated that PFOS contamination could lead to the change of gene expression in the studied white rot fungus, and the genes regulating membrane structure, cell redox process, and cell transport, synthesis and metabolism were impacted. Membrane damage and oxidative damage were the two main mechanisms of PFOS' toxicity to P. chrysosporium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichuan Qiao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yunhao Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zhenyu Xie
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yang Luo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xuansong Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Cunxing Sang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Shuguang Xie
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKJLESPC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Jun Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKJLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control(BKLEOC), School of Environment, POPs Research Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Zhao B, Shao X, Zhao B, Yuan Z, Zhang J. Application of blueberry anthocyanins reduces perfluorooctane sulfonate toxicity on planarians (Dugesia japonica) in locomotion, regeneration, and gene expression and contents. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:22095-22105. [PMID: 29802614 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2127-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) which has been distributed worldwide is a persistent organic contaminant. Blueberry anthocyanins (ANT) are phytonutrients with antioxidant activities. The influence of different PFOS and ANT concentrations on the behavioral activities, regeneration of planarians (Dugesia japonica), and the expression levels and contents of Djnad6 and Djcox1 genes has been investigated. PFOS treatments affected the gene expression levels, induced a decrease in the planarians' locomotor velocity, and increased the time required for the regeneration of the transverse amputated fragments in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Additionally, ANT treatments, to a certain extent, alleviated the damage caused by PFOS to planarians. ANT increased the planarians' locomotor velocity and the percentage of regenerating planarians with eyespots and auricles. Furthermore, ANT alleviated the expression disorders of Djnad6 and Djcox1 induced by PFOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoying Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, No. 266 Xincun West Road, Zibo, 255000, Shandong, China
| | - Xinxin Shao
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, No. 266 Xincun West Road, Zibo, 255000, Shandong, China
| | - Bosheng Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, No. 266 Xincun West Road, Zibo, 255000, Shandong, China
| | - Zuoqing Yuan
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, No. 266 Xincun West Road, Zibo, 255000, Shandong, China.
| | - Jianyong Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, No. 266 Xincun West Road, Zibo, 255000, Shandong, China
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