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Kong M, Shi Z, Liu F, Song N, Liu L, Li R, Wu Y, Xu H. Investigation and prediction of the biotoxicity of Cu 2+ to Chlorella vulgaris: modification of the biotic ligand model. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:110612-110622. [PMID: 37792195 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30165-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
The increased copper ion (Cu2+) concentrations in aquatic ecosystem significantly influence the environmental quality and ecosystem safety, while information on the Cu2+ biotoxicity to aquatic microorganisms and the models for biotoxicity prediction are still unclear. In this study, the toxicities of Cu2+ to Chlorella vulgaris under different environmental conditions (e.g., Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, pH, and dissolved organic matter) were explored, with the experimental results in comparison with those predicted by the biotic ligand model (BLM). Results showed that increased Cu2+ concentration caused obvious toxicities to C. vulgaris, whereas the commonly occurring cations and dissolved organic matters can protect the metabolism system of C. vulgaris. The presence of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) matrix can alleviate the biotoxicity via increasing the surface biosorption but decreasing cell internalization of Cu2+ in C. vulgaris. Due to the presence of EPS matrix, the experimental biotoxicity results under each condition were significantly lower than those predicted by the BLM model, which was thus modified via taking the EPS matrix as the supplement of allochthonous organic matters. After that, the modified BLM was characterized with a higher degree of precision and can be used in natural waters for biotoxicity prediction. Results obtained can enhance our insights into the ecological effects and biotoxicity prediction of heavy metals in natural aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Kong
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Zhiqiang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Fei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Na Song
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Lizhen Liu
- Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330096, China
| | - Rongfu Li
- Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330096, China
| | - Yongming Wu
- Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330096, China
| | - Huacheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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Li H, Li Y, Guo G, Li Y, Zhang R, Feng C, Zhang Y. Distribution, Site-Specific Water Quality Criteria, and Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Surface Water in Fen River, China. Toxics 2023; 11:704. [PMID: 37624209 PMCID: PMC10458924 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11080704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Due to a lack of toxicity reference values that match the regional environmental characteristics, the ecological risk of metals in water bodies cannot be accurately assessed. The Fen River is the second-largest tributary of the Yellow River in China, and the sustainability of this area is threatened by heavy metal pollution caused by intensive industrial and agricultural activities. In this study, site-specific water quality criteria (WQCs) for heavy metals in the Fen River were derived considering toxicity data from native aquatic organisms and regional water quality factors (e.g., water hardness). Short-term WQCs for Mn, Cu, Cd, Zn, Cr, Pb, and Ni were 2026.15, 98.62, 10.02, 63.07, 6.06, 166.74, and 132.73 μg/L, respectively, and long-term WQCs were 166.53, 29.71, 2.18, 19.29, 4.15, 6.38, and 14.76 μg/L, respectively. The distribution characteristics of these metals during the wet season in 2020 were explored, and their average concentrations in the river water did not exceed the environmental quality standards for surface water in China but were higher than the world average levels. Cr was the main pollutant in the sampling sites of Yaodu region, Hongdong Shitan, Xiao River, and Duanchun River, as was Pb in Duanchun River. Based on the site-specific WQCs, using hazardous quotient (HQ) and margin of safety (MOS10) approaches, a high risk of Pb was identified in the Duanchun River, and a medium risk of Cr might occur at midstream and downstream of Yaodu and Xiaodian. The results will provide a reference basis for heavy metal pollution control and water quality management in the Fen River.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; (H.L.); (C.F.)
| | - Yue Li
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Huhhot 010021, China;
| | - Guanghui Guo
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
| | - Yang Li
- College of Water Resource Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030030, China;
| | - Ruiqing Zhang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Huhhot 010021, China;
| | - Chenglian Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; (H.L.); (C.F.)
| | - Yahui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; (H.L.); (C.F.)
- Environmental Analysis and Testing Laboratory, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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Yan P, Jo HY, Chelliah R, Jo KH, Woo NC, Wook MS, Oh DH. Optimization and Effect of Water Hardness for the Production of Slightly Acidic Electrolyzed Water on Sanitization Efficacy. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:816671. [PMID: 35308354 PMCID: PMC8924475 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.816671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) has been recently proposed as a novel promising sanitizer and cleaner in the agricultural and food industries. However, several factors, including water hardness, were considered to strongly affect the physical properties and sanitization efficacy of SAEW. To study the effect of water hardness on the SAEW production, we evaluated the production properties and sanitization effect of SAEW, which was generated from water sources in 16 representatively geographical locations of South Korea. The results showed that the hardness of water sources from Kangwon-do, Jeollanam-do, and Daegu was 22-41 ppm; that from Busan, Gyeongnam-do, Gwangju Bukgu was 80-443 ppm, and that from seven other locations was 41-79 ppm. SAEW is produced from water hardness less than 50 ppm and greater than 80 ppm was beyond the accepted pH range (5.0-6.5). Notably, high-hardness water (>80 ppm) containing 5% HCl could be used to produce SAEW with accepted pH. The SAEW generated from low-hardness water with additions of 2% HCl and 2 M NaCl at 7 A showed accepted pH and higher germicidal effect. Furthermore, SAEW with the available chlorine concentration of 27-41 mg/L for 1 min was sufficient to completely inactivate non-spore-forming foodborne pathogens. Sanitization efficacy was not markedly affected by storage conditions for SAEW at 40 ppm. Our results demonstrated that the degree of water hardness is an important factor in the production of SAEW, which would provide a foundation for commercial application of SAEW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pianpian Yan
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, South Korea
| | | | - Ramachandran Chelliah
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, South Korea
| | - Kyoung Hee Jo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, South Korea
| | - Nam Chan Woo
- Seoulin Bioscience Company, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | | | - Deog Hwan Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, South Korea
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Chung J, Hwang DS, Park DH, An YJ, Yeom DH, Park TJ, Choi J, Lee JH. Derivation of acute copper biotic ligand model-based predicted no-effect concentrations and acute-chronic ratio. Sci Total Environ 2021; 780:146425. [PMID: 34030286 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The copper biotic ligand model (BLM) can quantitatively describe the bioavailability depending on various environmental factors and has been used to derive the predicted no-effect concentrations (PNECs). The commonly employed acute BLM tool, HydroQual, which applies the biotic ligand constants of fathead minnow in the same model structure for all taxonomic groups, estimates lower acute copper toxicity values compared to the chronic copper PNECs of the European Union Risk Assessment Reports (EU-RAR), which are based on taxon-specific model structures and biotic ligand constants for vertebrates, invertebrates, and algae. In this study, the full-BLM approach was applied using an appropriate acute BLM for each taxonomic group to derive acute HC5s (fifth percentile value in the species sensitivity distribution [SSD]) and an acute-chronic ratio for copper. Two acute BLMs for vertebrates and invertebrates were used and validated against site waters using the new method to estimate the intrinsic sensitivity for each species across different environmental conditions. To derive acute copper full BLM-based HC5s in Korean freshwater, acute toxicity tests were performed with 10 indigenous species, which were used to build the acute BLM-based SSD at each site. The final estimated acute full-BLM HC5s were higher than the EU-RAR chronic PNECs within the BLM calibration range. Furthermore, a linear relationship was observed between the acute full-BLM HC5s and the EU-RAR chronic PNECs. This linear regression function was suggested as an acute to chronic transformation function that can be applied to calculate chronic PNEC values. In conclusion, if the chronic ecotoxicity database of indigenous aquatic organisms for copper is lacking, it may be more efficient to derive chronic PNECs using an acute-chronic ratio after deriving BLM-based acute copper SSDs for indigenous species within representative taxonomic groups. This study provides a scientific foundation for the derivation of water quality criteria for copper in freshwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwoong Chung
- Environmental Health & Safety Research Institute, EH Research & Consulting Co. Ltd., E TechHive, 410, Jeongseojin-ro, Seo-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea; School of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Energy and Environmental System Engineering, University of Seoul, 90 Jeonnong-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Sik Hwang
- Environmental Health & Safety Research Institute, EH Research & Consulting Co. Ltd., E TechHive, 410, Jeongseojin-ro, Seo-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Park
- Environmental Health & Safety Research Institute, EH Research & Consulting Co. Ltd., E TechHive, 410, Jeongseojin-ro, Seo-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Joo An
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyuk Yeom
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, 17, Jegok-gil, Munsan-eup, Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Jin Park
- Water Environmental Engineering Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhee Choi
- School of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Energy and Environmental System Engineering, University of Seoul, 90 Jeonnong-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyeon Lee
- Environmental Health & Safety Research Institute, EH Research & Consulting Co. Ltd., E TechHive, 410, Jeongseojin-ro, Seo-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
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Park J, Lee S, Lee E, Noh H, Seo Y, Lim H, Shin H, Lee I, Jung H, Na T, Kim SD. Probabilistic ecological risk assessment of heavy metals using the sensitivity of resident organisms in four Korean rivers. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 183:109483. [PMID: 31362159 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The environment has been continuously exposed to heavy metals by various routes, from both natural and artificial sources. In particular, heavy metals in water can affect aquatic organisms adversely, even at very low concentrations, and can lead to the disturbance of the ecosystem balance and biodiversity. Ecological risk assessments are conducted to protect the environment from such situations, primarily by deriving the predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) from the species sensitivity distribution (SSD). This study developed the SSDs based on the species living in Korean freshwater for four heavy metals including cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn). The species compositions of the SSDs were examined, and three types of PNECs were derived by applying different assessment factors (AF). In addition, the occurrence and concentrations of heavy metals in Korean rivers were investigated, and the ecological risk assessment was carried out to compare the SSDs with the environmental concentrations. The SSDs were developed using a sufficient number of species, but the missing data of plants and insects provided an incomplete species composition. The results show that Cd and Pb in the environmental concentrations of rivers would not cause any risk to aquatic organisms from the derived PNEC. However, some organisms might be adversely affected by the concentrations of Zn, and a small amount of risk was expected under the conservative PNEC. The distribution of Cu in the rivers was not considered to be safe for aquatic organisms because the average environmental concentrations potentially affected the proportion of the SSD, and the environmental concentrations exceeded the PNECs. The concentrations of Cu and Zn in industrial waters indicated a considerable risk to aquatic organisms, and the probability of exceeding the PNECs appeared to be quite high. Therefore, this study indicates that additional actions and parallel field studies are required based on the risk posed to aquatic organisms by Cu and Zn in four Korean rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhee Park
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunhong Lee
- Water Quality Research Center, K-water Convergence Institute, 200 Sintanjin-ro, Daedeok-gu, Daejeon, 34350, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhee Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Sangji University, 83 Sangjidae-gil, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, 26339, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeran Noh
- Han-river Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, 42 Dumulmeori-gil 68beon-gil, Yangseo-myeon, Yangpyeong-gun, Gyeonggi-do, 12585, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongchan Seo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Sangji University, 83 Sangjidae-gil, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, 26339, Republic of Korea
| | - HyunHee Lim
- Drug Abuse Research Center, Kongju National University, 56 Gongjudaehak-ro, Kongju-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 32588, Republic of Korea
| | - HoSang Shin
- Department of Environmental Education, Kongju National University, 56 Gongjudaehak-ro, Kongju-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 32588, Republic of Korea
| | - Injung Lee
- Nakdong River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environment Research, 24 Pyeongni 1-gil, Dasan-myeon, Goryeong-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 40103, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejung Jung
- Yeongsan River Environment Research Center, 5 Cheomdangwagi-ro 208 beon-gil, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61011, Republic of Korea
| | - Taewoong Na
- Yeongsan River Environment Research Center, 5 Cheomdangwagi-ro 208 beon-gil, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61011, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang D Kim
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
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Li NN, Ma YQ, Sun XJ, Li MQ, Zeng S, Xing ZY, Li JL. A dual-function probe based on naphthalene for fluorescent turn-on recognition of Cu 2+ and colorimetric detection of Fe 3+ in neat H 2O. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2019; 210:266-274. [PMID: 30466032 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A simple naphthalene derivative, 6-hydroxy-2-naphthohydrazide (NAH), was designed and synthesized through two facile steps reactions with the 6-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (NCA) as the starting material. In neat H2O (10% 0.01 M HEPES buffer, v/v, pH = 7.4), probe NAH showed a highly selective and sensitive response towards Fe3+ via perceptible color change and displayed "turn-on" dual-emission fluorescence response for Cu2+. The binding stoichiometry ratio of NAH/Cu2+ and NAH/Fe3+ were all confirmed as 1:1 by the method of fluorescence job's plot and UV-Vis job's plot, respectively. Probe NAH can be used over a wide pH range for the determination of Fe3+ (2.0-10.0) and Cu2+ (6.0-10.0) without interference from other co-existing metal ions. A possible detection mechanism was the hydrolysis of NAH upon the addition of Fe3+ or Cu2+, thereby leading to the formation of 6-hydroxy-naphthalene-2-carboxylic acid (NCA) which was further confirmed by the various spectroscopic techniques including FT-IR, 1H NMR titration and HRMS. Moreover, NAH was successfully applied to the detection of Cu2+ and Fe3+ in tap water, ultrapure water and BSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Na Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Yu-Qing Ma
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Xue-Jiao Sun
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Ming-Qiang Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Shuang Zeng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Zhi-Yong Xing
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
| | - Jin-Long Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, PR China
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