1
|
Zaib S, Khan I. Synthetic and medicinal chemistry of phthalazines: Recent developments, opportunities and challenges. Bioorg Chem 2020; 105:104425. [PMID: 33157344 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fused diaza-heterocycles constitute the core structure of numerous bioactive natural products and effective therapeutic drugs. Among them, phthalazines have been recognized as remarkable structural leads in medicinal chemistry due to their wide application in pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries. Accessing such challenging pharmaceutical agents/drug candidates with high chemical complexity through synthetically efficient approaches remains an attractive goal in the contemporary medicinal chemistry and drug discovery arena. In this review, we focus on the recent developments in the synthetic routes towards the generation of phthalazine-based active pharmaceutical ingredients and their biological potential against various targets. The general reaction scope of these innovative and easily accessible strategies was emphasized focusing on the functional group tolerance, substrate and coupling partner compatibility/limitation, the choice of catalyst, and product diversification. These processes were also accompanied by the mechanistic insights where deemed appropriate to demonstrate meaningful information. Moreover, the rapid examination of the structure-activity relationship analyses around the phthalazine core enabled by the pharmacophore replacement/integration revealed the generation of robust, efficient, and more selective compounds with pronounced biological effects. A large variety of in silico methods and ADME profiling tools were also employed to provide a global appraisal of the pharmacokinetics profile of diaza-heterocycles. Thus, the discovery of new structural leads offers the promise of improving treatments for various tropical diseases such as tuberculosis, leishmaniasis, malaria, Chagas disease, among many others including various cancers, atherosclerosis, HIV, inflammatory, and cardiovascular diseases. We hope this review would serve as an informative collection of structurally diverse molecules enabling the generation of mature, high-quality, and innovative routes to support the drug discovery endeavors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumera Zaib
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Imtiaz Khan
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fesenko AA, Yankov AN, Shutalev AD. A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen, heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.130527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
3
|
Kryshchyshyn A, Devinyak O, Kaminskyy D, Grellier P, Lesyk R. Development of Predictive QSAR Models of 4-Thiazolidinones Antitrypanosomal Activity Using Modern Machine Learning Algorithms. Mol Inform 2017; 37:e1700078. [PMID: 29134756 DOI: 10.1002/minf.201700078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents novel QSAR models for the prediction of antitrypanosomal activity among thiazolidines and related heterocycles. The performance of four machine learning algorithms: Random Forest regression, Stochastic gradient boosting, Multivariate adaptive regression splines and Gaussian processes regression have been studied in order to reach better levels of predictivity. The results for Random Forest and Gaussian processes regression are comparable and outperform other studied methods. The preliminary descriptor selection with Boruta method improved the outcome of machine learning methods. The two novel QSAR-models developed with Random Forest and Gaussian processes regression algorithms have good predictive ability, which was proved by the external evaluation of the test set with corresponding Q2ext =0.812 and Q2ext =0.830. The obtained models can be used further for in silico screening of virtual libraries in the same chemical domain in order to find new antitrypanosomal agents. Thorough analysis of descriptors influence in the QSAR models and interpretation of their chemical meaning allows to highlight a number of structure-activity relationships. The presence of phenyl rings with electron-withdrawing atoms or groups in para-position, increased number of aromatic rings, high branching but short chains, high HOMO energy, and the introduction of 1-substituted 2-indolyl fragment into the molecular structure have been recognized as trypanocidal activity prerequisites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kryshchyshyn
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska str. 69, 79010, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Oleg Devinyak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Disciplines, Uzhgorod National University, Narodna sq. 1, 88000, Uzhgorod, Ukraine
| | - Danylo Kaminskyy
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska str. 69, 79010, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Philippe Grellier
- National Museum of Natural History, UMR 7245 CNRS MCAM, Sorbonne Universités, CP 52, 57 Rue Cuvier, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Roman Lesyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska str. 69, 79010, Lviv, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Romero AH, Rodríguez J, García-marchan Y, Leañez J, Serrano-martín X, López SE. Aryl- or heteroaryl-based hydrazinylphthalazine derivatives as new potential antitrypanosomal agents. Bioorg Chem 2017; 72:51-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
5
|
Vázquez K, Espinosa-Bustos C, Soto-Delgado J, Tapia RA, Varela J, Birriel E, Segura R, Pizarro J, Cerecetto H, González M, Paulino M, Salas CO. New aryloxy-quinone derivatives as potential anti-Chagasic agents: synthesis, trypanosomicidal activity, electrochemical properties, pharmacophore elucidation and 3D-QSAR analysis. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra10122k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A set of new aryloxy-quinones were synthesized and evaluated in vitro against the epimastigote form of Trypanosoma cruzi and their unspecific cytotoxicity was tested on murine macrophages J-774 cells.
Collapse
|
6
|
Álvarez G, Varela J, Márquez P, Gabay M, Arias Rivas CE, Cuchilla K, Echeverría GA, Piro OE, Chorilli M, Leal SM, Escobar P, Serna E, Torres S, Yaluff G, Vera de Bilbao NI, González M, Cerecetto H. Optimization of antitrypanosomatid agents: identification of nonmutagenic drug candidates with in vivo activity. J Med Chem 2014; 57:3984-99. [PMID: 24749923 DOI: 10.1021/jm500018m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi parasite, was described thousands of years ago. Currently, it affects millions of people, mostly in Latin America, and there are not suitable drugs for treating it. As an attempt to find appropriate drugs to deal with this problem, we report here on the design, synthesis, and characterization of 82 new compounds. Trypanosomicidal behavior in vitro showed more than 20 outstanding derivatives with anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity. Furthermore, we studied the nonspecific toxicity against mammalian cells determining their selectivity and also performed mutagenicity studies. Proof of concept, in vivo studies, was conducted with two of the most promising derivatives (77 and 80). They were identified as candidates because they have (i) very simple and cost-effective syntheses; (ii) activity against different stages and strains of the parasite showing excellent in vivo behavior during the acute phase of Chagas disease; and (iii) neither nonspecific toxicity nor mutagenic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guzmán Álvarez
- Grupo de Química Medicinal, Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias-Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República , 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ruan ZX, Huangfu DS, Sun PH, Chen WM. Molecular modeling studies on 3,4-dihydroquinazolines as trypanothione reductase inhibitors using 3D-QSAR and docking approaches. Med Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-012-0335-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
8
|
Gerpe A, Álvarez G, Benítez D, Boiani L, Quiroga M, Hernández P, Sortino M, Zacchino S, González M, Cerecetto H. 5-Nitrofuranes and 5-nitrothiophenes with anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity and ability to accumulate squalene. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:7500-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2009] [Revised: 09/08/2009] [Accepted: 09/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
9
|
Lavaggi ML, Aguirre G, Boiani L, Orelli L, García B, Cerecetto H, González M. Pyrimido[1,2-a]quinoxaline 6-oxide and phenazine 5,10-dioxide derivatives and related compounds as growth inhibitors of Trypanosoma cruzi. Eur J Med Chem 2008; 43:1737-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2007.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2007] [Revised: 10/23/2007] [Accepted: 10/24/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
10
|
Gerpe A, Odreman-nuñez I, Draper P, Boiani L, Urbina JA, González M, Cerecetto H. Heteroallyl-containing 5-nitrofuranes as new anti-Trypanosoma cruzi agents with a dual mechanism of action. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:569-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2007] [Revised: 07/05/2007] [Accepted: 07/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
11
|
Otero L, Aguirre G, Boiani L, Denicola A, Rigol C, Olea-Azar C, Maya JD, Morello A, González M, Gambino D, Cerecetto H. Nitrofurylsemicarbazone Rhenium and Ruthenium Complexes as Anti-trypanosomal Agents. Eur J Med Chem 2006; 41:1231-9. [PMID: 16828524 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2006.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/11/2006] [Accepted: 05/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rhenium and ruthenium complexes of the type [Re(V)OCl(2)(PPh(3))L] and [Ru(II)Cl(2)(DMSO)(2)L], where L are 5-nitrofurylsemicarbazone derivatives, were prepared in an effort to obtain new anti-trypanosomal agents combining the recognized biological activity of these metals and the trypanocidal activity of the free ligands. Rhenium complexes resulted unstable in aqueous solution not allowing their use as potential drugs. On the other hand, complexation to ruthenium of the bioactive ligands lead to the lack of antiprotozoa activity even though free radical production and redox cycling induction were detected when the compounds were incubated in presence of Trypanosoma cruzi cells. The lack of anti-trypanosomal activity of ruthenium complexes could be explained on the basis of their high protein binding capacity and their high hydrophilicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Otero
- Cátedra de Química Inorgánica, DEC, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Urquiola C, Vieites M, Aguirre G, Marín A, Solano B, Arrambide G, Noblía P, Lavaggi ML, Torre MH, González M, Monge A, Gambino D, Cerecetto H. Improving anti-trypanosomal activity of 3-aminoquinoxaline-2-carbonitrile N1,N4-dioxide derivatives by complexation with vanadium. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:5503-9. [PMID: 16709457 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2006] [Revised: 04/21/2006] [Accepted: 04/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
New vanadium complexes of the type [V(IV)O(L)(2)], where L are 3-aminoquinoxaline-2-carbonitrile N(1),N(4)-dioxide derivatives, were prepared as an effort to obtain new anti-trypanosomal agents improving the bioactivity of the free ligands. Complexation to vanadium of the quinoxaline ligands leads to excellent antiprotozoal activity, similar to that of the reference drugs nifurtimox and benznidazole and in all cases higher than that of the corresponding free ligands. In addition, it is for the first time that the V((IV))O-quinoxaline complexes are reported as a family of anti-Trypanosoma cruzi agents. Finally, the anti-trypanosomal activity of these vanadium complexes could be explained on the basis of their lipophilicity and the electronic characteristics of the quinoxaline substituents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Urquiola
- Cátedra de Química Inorgánica, DEC, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|