1
|
Volckens J, Haynes EN, Croisant SP, Cui Y, Errett NA, Henry HF, Horney JA, Kwok RK, Magzamen S, Rappold AG, Ravichandran L, Reinlib L, Ryan PH, Shaughnessy DT. Health Research in the Wake of Disasters: Challenges and Opportunities for Sensor Science. Environ Health Perspect 2023; 131:65002. [PMID: 37389972 PMCID: PMC10312369 DOI: 10.1289/ehp12270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disaster events adversely affect the health of millions of individuals each year. They create exposure to physical, chemical, biological, and psychosocial hazards while simultaneously exploiting community and individual-level vulnerabilities that allow such exposures to exert harm. Since 2013, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) has led the development of the Disaster Research Response (DR2) program and infrastructure; however, research exploring the nature and effects of disasters on human health is lacking. One reason for this research gap is the challenge of developing and deploying cost-effective sensors for exposure assessment during disaster events. OBJECTIVES The objective of this commentary is to synergize the consensus findings and recommendations from a panel of experts on sensor science in support of DR2. METHODS The NIEHS convened the workshop, "Getting Smart about Sensors for Disaster Response Research" on 28 and 29 July 2021 to discuss current gaps and recommendations for moving the field forward. The workshop invited full discussion from multiple viewpoints, with the goal of identifying recommendations and opportunities for further development of this area of research. The panel of experts included leaders in engineering, epidemiology, social and physical sciences, and community engagement, many of whom had firsthand experience with DR2. DISCUSSION The primary finding of this workshop is that exposure science in support of DR2 is severely lacking. We highlight unique barriers to DR2, such as the need for time-sensitive exposure data, the chaos and logistical challenges that ensue from a disaster event, and the lack of a robust market for sensor technologies in support of environmental health science. We highlight a need for sensor technologies that are more scalable, reliable, and versatile than those currently available to the research community. We also recommend that the environmental health community renew efforts in support of DR2 facilitation, collaboration, and preparedness. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12270.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Volckens
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Erin N. Haynes
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Sharon P. Croisant
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Community Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Yuxia Cui
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nicole A. Errett
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Heather F. Henry
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Richard K. Kwok
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sheryl Magzamen
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Ana G. Rappold
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lingamanaidu Ravichandran
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Les Reinlib
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Patrick H. Ryan
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Daniel T. Shaughnessy
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shah S, Kim E, Kim KN, Ha E. Can individual protective measures safeguard cardiopulmonary health from air pollution? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ Res 2023; 229:115708. [PMID: 36940818 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Evidence supporting the effect of individual protective measures (IPMs) on air pollution is relatively scarce. In this study, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effects of air purifiers, air-purifying respirators, and cookstove changes on cardiopulmonary health outcomes. We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science until December 31, 2022, 90 articles and 39,760 participants were included. Two authors independently searched and selected the studies, extracted information, and assessed each study's quality and risk of bias. We performed meta-analyses when three or more studies were available for each IPMs, with comparable intervention and health outcome. Systematic review showed that IPMs were beneficial in children and elderly with asthma along with healthy individuals. Meta-analysis results showed a reduction in cardiopulmonary inflammation using air purifiers than in control groups (with sham/no filter) with a decrease in interleukin 6 by -0.247 μg/mL (95% confidence intervals [CI] = -0.413, -0.082). A sub-group analysis for air purifier as an IPMs in developing counties reduced fractional exhaled nitric oxide by -0.208 ppb (95% confidence intervals [CI] = -0.394, -0.022). However, evidence describing the effects of air purifying respirator and cook stove changes on cardiopulmonary outcomes remained insufficient. Therefore, air purifiers can serve as efficient IPMs against air pollution. The beneficial effect of air purifiers is likely to have a greater effect in developing countries than in developed countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Surabhi Shah
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Kim
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Nam Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eunhee Ha
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Ewha-SCL for Environmental Health (IESEH), Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Science, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine and Ewha Medical Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhen S, Li Q, Liao J, Zhu B, Liang F. Associations between Household Solid Fuel Use, Obesity, and Cardiometabolic Health in China: A Cohort Study from 2011 to 2018. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:2826. [PMID: 36833523 PMCID: PMC9956243 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20042826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to explore the longitudinal relationship between solid fuel use and CMD incidence based on a nationally representative follow-up cohort study. A total of 6038 participants of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were enrolled in the study. CMD is a cluster of diseases that include heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes. Cox proportional-hazards regression models were used to examine the association between solid fuel use and the incidence or multimorbidity of CMD. The interactions between overweight or obesity and household air pollution on CMD incidence were also investigated. In the present study, solid fuel use from cooking or heating, separately or simultaneously, was positively associated with CMD incidence. Elevated solid fuel use was significantly associated with a higher risk of CMD incidence (HR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.43 for cooking; HR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.45 for heating). A statistically significant interaction between household solid fuel and OW/OB on the incidence of CMD and Cardiometabolic multimorbidity was also observed (p < 0.05). Our findings show that household solid fuel is a risk factor for the incidence of CMD. Therefore, reducing household solid fuel use and promoting clean energy may have great public health value for the prevention of CMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shihan Zhen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Health and Precision Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jian Liao
- School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Fengchao Liang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Health and Precision Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Luan M, Zhang T, Li X, Yan C, Sun J, Zhi G, Shen G, Liu X, Zheng M. Investigating the relationship between mass concentration of particulate matter and reactive oxygen species based on residential coal combustion source tests. Environ Res 2022; 212:113499. [PMID: 35618007 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) has been considered to be closely related to human health, especially fine particulate matter. However, whether PM mass concentration alone is a good indicator for health impact remains a challenging question. In this study, emissions from residential coal combustion (RCC), one of the important PM sources in northern China, were tested to examine the relationship between the emission factors of particle-generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) (EFROS) and PM (EFPM). A total of 24 combinations of source tests were conducted, including eight types of coal with different geological maturities (two anthracites and six bituminous) burned in three types of stoves (one honeycomb coal stove, one old chunk stove, and one new chunk stove). Here, ROS was defined as generated hydroxyl radical (·OH) by PM, and results showed EFROS from 24 residential coal combustion varied greatly by nearly 20 times. EFROS ranged 0.78-14.85 and 2.99-12.91 mg kg-1 for the emissions from honeycomb and chunk coals, respectively. Moreover, the correlation between EFROS and EFPM was significantly positive in honeycomb coal emissions (r = 0.82, p < 0.05), but it was insignificant in chunk coal emissions (r = 0.07, p > 0.05). For honeycomb coal emissions, organic carbon (OC) was quite abundant in PM and it might be the predominant contributor to both EFPM and EFROS, resulting in a strong and positive correlation. For chunk coal emissions, high EFROS was mainly related to relatively high metal emissions in AN and LVB, while the metals were not major components in PM, leading to a poor correlation between EFPM and EFROS. Therefore, this study revealed that PM was not always positively correlated with ROS from residential coal burning, and the relationship was mainly determined by the compositions of PM, suggesting PM mass concentration alone may not be the best indicator for assessing health impacts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengxiao Luan
- SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Tianle Zhang
- SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Caiqing Yan
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Jianzhong Sun
- School of Physical Education, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221018, China
| | - Guorui Zhi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiaomeng Liu
- SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Mei Zheng
- SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Orru H, Olstrup H, Kukkonen J, López-Aparicio S, Segersson D, Geels C, Tamm T, Riikonen K, Maragkidou A, Sigsgaard T, Brandt J, Grythe H, Forsberg B. Health impacts of PM 2.5 originating from residential wood combustion in four nordic cities. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1286. [PMID: 35787793 PMCID: PMC9252027 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13622-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Residential wood combustion (RWC) is one of the largest sources of fine particles (PM2.5) in the Nordic cities. The current study aims to calculate the related health effects in four studied city areas in Sweden, Finland, Norway, and Denmark. Methods Health impact assessment (HIA) was employed as the methodology to quantify the health burden. Firstly, the RWC induced annual average PM2.5 concentrations from local sources were estimated with air pollution dispersion modelling. Secondly, the baseline mortality rates were retrieved from the national health registers. Thirdly, the concentration-response function from a previous epidemiological study was applied. For the health impact calculations, the WHO-developed tool AirQ + was used. Results Amongst the studied city areas, the local RWC induced PM2.5 concentration was lowest in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area (population-weighted annual average concentration 0.46 µg m− 3) and highest in Oslo (2.77 µg m− 3). Each year, particulate matter attributed to RWC caused around 19 premature deaths in Umeå (95% CI: 8–29), 85 in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area (95% CI: 35–129), 78 in Copenhagen (95% CI: 33–118), and 232 premature deaths in Oslo (95% CI: 97–346). The average loss of life years per premature death case was approximately ten years; however, in the whole population, this reflects on average a decrease in life expectancy by 0.25 (0.10–0.36) years. In terms of the relative contributions in cities, life expectancy will be decreased by 0.10 (95% CI: 0.05–0.16), 0.18 (95% CI: 0.07–0.28), 0.22 (95% CI: 0.09–0.33) and 0.63 (95% CI: 0.26–0.96) years in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area, Umeå, Copenhagen and Oslo respectively. The number of years of life lost was lowest in Umeå (172, 95% CI: 71–260) and highest in Oslo (2458, 95% CI: 1033–3669). Conclusions All four Nordic city areas have a substantial amount of domestic heating, and RWC is one of the most significant sources of PM2.5. This implicates a substantial predicted impact on public health in terms of premature mortality. Thus, several public health measures are needed to reduce the RWC emissions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hans Orru
- Umeå University, Sustainable Health, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden. .,University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411, Tartu, Estonia.
| | | | - Jaakko Kukkonen
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, P.O. Box 503, Erik Palménin aukio 1, 00101, Helsinki, Finland.,Centre for Atmospheric and Climate Physics Research, and Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Hertfordshire; College Lane, AL10 9AB, Hatfield, UK
| | - Susana López-Aparicio
- Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Instituttveien 18, P.O. Box 100, 2027, Kjeller, Norway
| | - David Segersson
- Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, SE-60176, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Camilla Geels
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Tanel Tamm
- University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kari Riikonen
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, P.O. Box 503, Erik Palménin aukio 1, 00101, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Androniki Maragkidou
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, P.O. Box 503, Erik Palménin aukio 1, 00101, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Torben Sigsgaard
- Department of Public Health , Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Brandt
- Umeå University, Sustainable Health, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden.,iClimate - interdisciplinary Centre for Climate Change, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Henrik Grythe
- Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Instituttveien 18, P.O. Box 100, 2027, Kjeller, Norway
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen T, Zou C, Yuan Y, Pan J, Zhang B, Qiao L, Li Y, Qian JY, Guo Q, Yuan Y, Ding C. Indoor air pollution from solid fuel on children pneumonia in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:24574-24588. [PMID: 35066845 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18293-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
An updated systematic review was conducted to assessing on the association between indoor air pollution caused by household energy consumption and childhood pneumonia in low- and middle-income countries. We performed a meta-analysis from the electronic databases of PubMed, Cochrane library, Web of Science, EMBASE. Studies were selected when they reported childhood pneumonia or ALRI in relation to indoor air pollution resulted from solid fuel. Studies must provide results on exposure prevalence of children aged below 5 years from Asia or Africa. We devoted ourselves to identifying randomized controlled experiments and observational epidemiological researches, which revealed the relation between household usage of solid fuel and childhood pneumonia. Among 1954 articles, 276 were reviewed thoroughly and 16 conduced to such a meta-analysis. It was found that there is a significant relationship between the solid fuel combustion and increasing risk of childhood pneumonia (OR = 1.66, 95%CI 1.36-2.02). The summary odds ratios from biomass use and mixed fuel use were, respectively, 1.86 (95%CI 1.15-3.02) and 1.58 (95%CI 1.38-1.81), with substantial between study heterogeneity (I2 = 87.2% and 29.2%, respectively). According to the subgroup analysis along with the meta-regression analysis, the risk of using solid fuel in Asian regions is higher than that in African regions. Studies based on non-hospital participates (I2 = 49.5%) may also a source of heterogeneity. We found that indoor air pollution generated by the usage of solid fuel might be a significant risk factor for pneumonia in children and suggested improving the indoor air quality by promoting cleaner fuel will be important in undeveloped countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianming Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, P.O.Box NO.211 Jianjun Road, Yancheng, 224051, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Environmental Protection Equipment, Yancheng, 224051, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chao Zou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, P.O.Box NO.211 Jianjun Road, Yancheng, 224051, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Environmental Protection Equipment, Yancheng, 224051, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yang Yuan
- Yancheng Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yancheng, 224001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingjing Pan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, P.O.Box NO.211 Jianjun Road, Yancheng, 224051, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Environmental Protection Equipment, Yancheng, 224051, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Baoping Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, P.O.Box NO.211 Jianjun Road, Yancheng, 224051, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Liang Qiao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, P.O.Box NO.211 Jianjun Road, Yancheng, 224051, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Environmental Protection Equipment, Yancheng, 224051, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yanping Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Jiangsu, 224005, China
| | - Jia-Yan Qian
- Nantong Production Quality Supervising & Inspection Institute, Jiangsu, 226005, China
| | - Qingyuan Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, P.O.Box NO.211 Jianjun Road, Yancheng, 224051, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Environmental Protection Equipment, Yancheng, 224051, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, P.O.Box NO.211 Jianjun Road, Yancheng, 224051, Jiangsu Province, China.
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Environmental Protection Equipment, Yancheng, 224051, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Cheng Ding
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, P.O.Box NO.211 Jianjun Road, Yancheng, 224051, Jiangsu Province, China.
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Environmental Protection Equipment, Yancheng, 224051, Jiangsu Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhao S, Wang H, Chen H, Wang S, Ma J, Zhang D, Shen L, Yang X, Chen Y. Global magnitude and long-term trend of ischemic heart disease burden attributed to household air pollution from solid fuels in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019. Indoor Air 2022; 32:e12981. [PMID: 35037299 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the spatiotemporal variation in the household air pollution from solid fuels (HAP)-related ischemic heart disease (IHD) burden on a global scale from 1990 to 2019 is essential to reduce IHD burden, as well as control HAP exposure. Based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, the numbers and age-standardized rates of IHD mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) (ASMR and ASDR) attributed to HAP were analyzed by sex and age at global, regional, and national levels. The estimated annual percentage change was calculated to evaluate the temporal trend in burden rates. In 2019, IHD attributed to HAP resulted in 511 170 deaths and 13.18 million DALYs globally. The corresponding ASMR and ASDR were higher in males, increased with age peaking at about 80-94 years, and varied greatly across the world. Despite a remarkable decline in HAP-related IHD was achieved across the world over the past decades, an undesirable increase could be observed in some low-income but with high-burden countries. Sustained and comprehensive efforts are needed to control HAP and reduce the IHD burden, especially in countries and territories with a heavy or increasing burden, such as the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Afghanistan, Philippines, Zimbabwe, Lesotho, and Somalia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Zhao
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Chest Pain Center, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Research Center of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shaohua Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jinan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Juan Ma
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Shen
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaorong Yang
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Research Center of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuguo Chen
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Chest Pain Center, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Research Center of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lu S, Li C, Liu R, Lv A. PVP-Assisted Shellac Nanofiber Membrane as Highly Efficient, Eco-Friendly, Translucent Air Filter. Applied Sciences 2021; 11:11094. [DOI: 10.3390/app112311094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM), composed of tiny solids and liquid droplets in polluted air, poses a serious threat to human health. Traditional air filters usually cause secondary pollution due to their poor degradability. Here, shellac, as an environmentally friendly natural organic material, was successfully applied to fabricate biodegradable air filters. Since pure shellac fiber shows poor mechanical properties and bad light transmittance, we then introduced a small amount of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in the shellac solution to prepare highly efficient air filter membranes by the electrospinning method. The prepared PVP-assisted shellac nanofiber membrane (P-Shellac FME) demonstrated improved filtration efficiencies as high as 95% and 98% for PM2.5 and PM10, respectively. The P-Shellac FME also showed good stability, with filtration efficiencies still above 90% and 95% for PM2.5 and PM10 even after six hours of air filtering under high PM concentrations. The pressure drop going through the filter was only 101 Pa, which is also comparable to the value of 76 Pa obtained using commercial polypropylene nanofibers (PP nanofibers, peeled off from the surgical mask), indicating good air permeability of P-Shellac FME. Additionally, P-Shellac FME also showed the advantages of translucence, biodegradability, improved mechanical properties, and low cost. We believe that the P-Shellac FME will make a significant contribution in the application of air filtration.
Collapse
|
9
|
Affiliation(s)
- Yanguo Xin
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yongan Road, Xicheng district, Beijing 100050, China.,Laboratory of Heart Valve Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Junli Li
- Laboratory of Heart Valve Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|