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Rasouli H, Nayeri FD, Khodarahmi R. May phytophenolics alleviate aflatoxins-induced health challenges? A holistic insight on current landscape and future prospects. Front Nutr 2022; 9:981984. [PMID: 36386916 PMCID: PMC9649842 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.981984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The future GCC-connected environmental risk factors expedited the progression of nCDs. Indeed, the emergence of AFs is becoming a global food security concern. AFs are lethal carcinogenic mycotoxins, causing damage to the liver, kidney, and gastrointestinal organs. Long-term exposure to AFs leads to liver cancer. Almost a variety of food commodities, crops, spices, herbaceous materials, nuts, and processed foods can be contaminated with AFs. In this regard, the primary sections of this review aim to cover influencing factors in the occurrence of AFs, the role of AFs in progression of nCDs, links between GCC/nCDs and exposure to AFs, frequency of AFs-based academic investigations, and world distribution of AFs. Next, the current trends in the application of PPs to alleviate AFs toxicity are discussed. Nearly, more than 20,000 published records indexed in scientific databases have been screened to find recent trends on AFs and application of PPs in AFs therapy. Accordingly, shifts in world climate, improper infrastructures for production/storage of food commodities, inconsistency of global polices on AFs permissible concentration in food/feed, and lack of the public awareness are accounting for a considerable proportion of AFs damages. AFs exhibited their toxic effects by triggering the progression of inflammation and oxidative/nitrosative stress, in turn, leading to the onset of nCDs. PPs could decrease AFs-associated oxidative stress, genotoxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic effects by improving cellular antioxidant balance, regulation of signaling pathways, alleviating inflammatory responses, and modification of gene expression profile in a dose/time-reliant fashion. The administration of PPs alone displayed lower biological properties compared to co-treatment of these metabolites with AFs. This issue might highlight the therapeutic application of PPs than their preventative content. Flavonoids such as quercetin and oxidized tea phenolics, curcumin and resveratrol were the most studied anti-AFs PPs. Our literature review clearly disclosed that considering PPs in antioxidant therapies to alleviate complications of AFs requires improvement in their bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, tissue clearance, and off-target mode of action. Due to the emergencies in the elimination of AFs in food/feedstuffs, further large-scale clinical assessment of PPs to decrease the consequences of AFs is highly required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Rasouli
- Medical Biology Research Center (MBRC), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Dehghan Nayeri
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Sciences, Imam Khomeini International University (IKIU), Qazvin, Iran
| | - Reza Khodarahmi
- Medical Biology Research Center (MBRC), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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R. Portillo O, Arévalo AC. Coffee's Phenolic Compounds. A general overview of the coffee fruit's phenolic composition. RB 2022. [DOI: 10.21931/rb/2022.07.03.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are secondary metabolites ubiquitously distributed in the plant kingdom which come in a wide array of molecular configurations which confer them a comprehensive set of chemical attributes such as, but not limited to: nutraceutical properties, industrial applications (e.g., dyes, rawhide processing, beer production, antioxidants), and plant self-defense mechanisms against natural enemies also known as the Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR).However, despite the fact, that there is a large number of phenolic-containing food products (e.g., chocolate, green tea, wines, beer, wood barrel-aged spirits, cherries, grapes, apples, peaches, plums, pears, etc.), coffee remains, in the western hemisphere, as the main source of dietary phenolic compounds reflected by the fact that, in the international market, coffee occupies the second trading position after oil and its derivatives. The following discussion is the product of an extensive review of scientific literature that aims to describe essential topics related to coffee phenolic compounds, especially chlorogenic acids, their purpose in nature, biosynthesis, determination, metabolism, chemical properties, and their effect on cup quality.
Keywords: phenolic acids, caffeoylquinic acid, antioxidant capacity, metabolism, biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ostilio R. Portillo
- Faculty of Engineering, National Autonomous University of Honduras, Tegucigalpa (UNAH), Honduras
| | - Ana C. Arévalo
- Faculty of Chemistry & Pharmacy, National Autonomous University of Honduras, Tegucigalpa (UNAH), Honduras
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Del Mar Rivas-Chacón L, Yanes-Díaz J, de Lucas B, Riestra-Ayora JI, Madrid-García R, Sanz-Fernández R, Sánchez-Rodríguez C. Preventive Effect of Cocoa Flavonoids via Suppression of Oxidative Stress-Induced Apoptosis in Auditory Senescent Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:1450. [PMID: 35892652 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Presbycusis or Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is a sensorineural hearing loss that affects communication, leading to depression and social isolation. Currently, there are no effective treatments against ARHL. It is known that cocoa products have high levels of polyphenol content (mainly flavonoids), that are potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents with proven benefits for health. The objective is to determine the protective effect of cocoa at the cellular and molecular levels in Presbycusis. For in vitro study, we used House Ear Institute-Organ of Corti 1 (HEI-OC1), stria vascularis (SV-k1), and organ of Corti (OC-k3) cells (derived from the auditory organ of a transgenic mouse). Each cell line was divided into a control group (CTR) and an H2O2 group (induction of senescence by an oxygen radical). Additionally, every group of every cell line was treated with the cocoa polyphenolic extract (CPE), measuring different markers of apoptosis, viability, the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and oxidative/nitrosative stress. The data show an increase of reactive oxidative and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS, respectively) in senescent cells compared to control ones. CPE treatment effectively reduced these high levels and correlated with a significant reduction in apoptosis cells by inhibiting the mitochondrial-apoptotic pathway. Furthermore, in senescence cells, the activity of antioxidant enzymes (Superoxide dismutase, SOD; Catalase, CAT; and Glutathione peroxidase, GPx) was recovered after CPE treatment. Administration of CPE also decreased oxidative DNA damage in the auditory senescent cells. In conclusion, CPE inhibits the activation of senescence-related apoptotic signaling by decreasing oxidative stress in auditory senescent cells.
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Patil PP, Patil VS, Khanal P, Darasaguppe HR, Charla R, Bhatkande A, Patil BM, Roy S. Network pharmacology and in vitro testing of Theobroma cacao extract’s antioxidative activity and its effects on cancer cell survival. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0259757. [PMID: 35421091 PMCID: PMC9009696 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Theobroma cacao L. is a commercially important food/beverage and is used as traditional medicine worldwide against a variety of ailments. In the present study, computational biology approaches were implemented to elucidate the possible role of cocoa in cancer therapy. Bioactives of cocoa were retrieved from the PubChem database and queried for targets involved in cancer pathogenesis using BindingDB (similarity index ≥0.7). Later, the protein-protein interactions network was investigated using STRING and compound-protein via Cytoscape. In addition, intermolecular interactions were investigated via molecular docking. Also, the stability of the representative complex Hirsutrin-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) complex was explored using molecular dynamics simulations. Crude extract metabolite profile was carried out by LC-MS. Further, anti-oxidant and cytotoxicity studies were performed in Chinese hamster ovary (normal) and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (cancer) cell lines. Herein, the gene set enrichment and network analysis revealed 34 bioactives in cocoa targeting 50 proteins regulating 21 pathways involved in cancer and oxidative stress in humans. EGFR scored the highest edge count amongst 50 targets modulating 21 key pathways. Hence, it was selected as a promising anticancer target in this study. Structural refinement of EGFR was performed via all-atom molecular dynamics simulations in explicit solvent. A complex EGFR-Hirsutrin showed the least binding energy (-7.2 kcal/mol) and conserved non-bonded contacts with binding pocket residues. A stable complex formation of EGFR-Hirsutrin was observed during 100 ns MD simulation. In vitro studies corroborated antioxidant activity for cocoa extract and showed a significantly higher cytotoxic effect on cancer cells compared to normal cells. Our study virtually predicts anti-cancer activity for cocoa affected by hirsutrin inhibiting EGFR. Further wet-lab studies are needed to establish cocoa extract against cancer and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka P. Patil
- KLE College of Pharmacy Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KAHER), Belagavi, Karnataka, India
- Indian Council of Medical Research- National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Vishal S. Patil
- KLE College of Pharmacy Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KAHER), Belagavi, Karnataka, India
- Indian Council of Medical Research- National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Pukar Khanal
- KLE College of Pharmacy Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KAHER), Belagavi, Karnataka, India
- Department of Pharmacology, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (NGSMIPS), Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Harish R. Darasaguppe
- Indian Council of Medical Research- National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
- * E-mail: , (BMP); (HRD); (SR)
| | - Rajitha Charla
- Indian Council of Medical Research- National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Arati Bhatkande
- Indian Council of Medical Research- National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Basanagouda M. Patil
- KLE College of Pharmacy Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KAHER), Belagavi, Karnataka, India
- * E-mail: , (BMP); (HRD); (SR)
| | - Subarna Roy
- Indian Council of Medical Research- National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
- * E-mail: , (BMP); (HRD); (SR)
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Martins GR, do Amaral FRL, Brum FL, Mohana-borges R, de Moura SS, Ferreira FA, Sangenito LS, Santos AL, Figueiredo NG, Silva ASD. Chemical characterization, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of açaí seed (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) extracts containing A- and B-type procyanidins. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020; 132:109830. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Djuidje EN, Sciabica S, Buzzi R, Dissette V, Balzarini J, Liekens S, Serra E, Andreotti E, Manfredini S, Vertuani S, Baldisserotto A. Design, synthesis and evaluation of benzothiazole derivatives as multifunctional agents. Bioorg Chem 2020; 101:103960. [PMID: 32559579 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is the product or aetiology of various multifactorial diseases; on the other hand, the development of multifunctional compounds is a recognized strategy for the control of complex diseases. To this end, a series of benzothiazole derivatives was synthesized and evaluated for their multifunctional effectiveness as antioxidant, sunscreen (filter), antifungal and antiproliferative agents. Compounds were easily synthesized via condensation reaction between 2-aminothiophenols and different benzaldehydes. SAR study, particularly in position 2 and 6 of benzothiazoles, led to the identification of 4g and 4k as very interesting potential compounds for the design of multifunctional drugs. In particular, compound 4g is the best blocker of hERG potassium channels expressed in HEK 293 cells exhibiting 60.32% inhibition with IC50 = 4.79 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernestine Nicaise Djuidje
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Master Course in Cosmetic Science and Technologies, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sabrina Sciabica
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via F. di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Raissa Buzzi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Master Course in Cosmetic Science and Technologies, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Valeria Dissette
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Master Course in Cosmetic Science and Technologies, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Jan Balzarini
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Sandra Liekens
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Elena Serra
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Master Course in Cosmetic Science and Technologies, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; Aptuit, An Evotec Company, Via A. Fleming 4, 37135 Verona, Italy
| | - Elisa Andreotti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Giuseppe Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Stefano Manfredini
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Master Course in Cosmetic Science and Technologies, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Silvia Vertuani
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Master Course in Cosmetic Science and Technologies, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Anna Baldisserotto
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Master Course in Cosmetic Science and Technologies, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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Mazur-Kuśnirek M, Antoszkiewicz Z, Lipiński K, Fijałkowska M, Purwin C, Kotlarczyk S. The effect of polyphenols and vitamin E on the antioxidant status and meat quality of broiler chickens fed diets naturally contaminated with ochratoxin A. Arch Anim Nutr 2019; 73:431-444. [PMID: 31523998 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2019.1639445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a polyphenol product (PP) (Proviox) and vitamin E on the antioxidant status and meat quality of broiler chickens fed diets contaminated with ochratoxin A (OTA). One hundred and twenty ROSS 308 broiler chickens were randomly divided into six groups (10 replications, 2 birds per replication). Group I received an uncontaminated and unsupplemented diet, diets of groups II to VI were contaminated with OTA at 172 µg and 200 µg/kg for the starter and grower period, respectively. Furthermore, diets of groups III, IV and V were supplemented with vitamin E at 100, 200 and 100 mg, respectively, and to diets of groups V and VI additionally 100 and 2200 mg PP was added, respectively. Supplementation with PP and vitamin E had no significant effects on the growth performance, dressing percentage or carcass trait parameters of broiler chickens. In chickens exposed to stress, dietary supplementation with vitamin E and/or PP improved the total antioxidant status (p ≤ 0.05), enhanced the blood activity of antioxidant enzymes (p ≤ 0.01) and increased the concentrations of non-enzymatic antioxidants (p ≤ 0.01) in the liver and breast muscles. Regardless of the administered antioxidants, chickens fed diets contaminated with OTA were characterised by lower dressing percentage (p ≤ 0.01), a higher proportion of the liver in the carcass (p ≤ 0.01), lower carcass fat content (p ≤ 0.01), and longer small intestines (p ≤ 0.01) and caeca (p ≤ 0.01). Dietary supplementation with PP improved the water-holding capacity of meat (p ≤ 0.01). The breast muscles of chickens fed diets supplemented with PP and vitamin E were characterised by higher (p ≤ 0.05) concentrations of eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5). It was concluded that PP can be an insufficient component of diets for broiler chickens to improve growth performance and mitigate the negative effects of high dose of OTA in diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Mazur-Kuśnirek
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn , Olsztyn , Poland
| | - Zofia Antoszkiewicz
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn , Olsztyn , Poland
| | - Krzysztof Lipiński
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn , Olsztyn , Poland
| | - Maja Fijałkowska
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn , Olsztyn , Poland
| | - Cezary Purwin
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn , Olsztyn , Poland
| | - Sylwia Kotlarczyk
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn , Olsztyn , Poland
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Rong X, Sun-Waterhouse D, Wang D, Jiang Y, Li F, Chen Y, Zhao S, Li D. The Significance of Regulatory MicroRNAs: Their Roles in Toxicodynamics of Mycotoxins and in the Protection Offered by Dietary Therapeutics Against Mycotoxin-Induced Toxicity. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 18:48-66. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Rong
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes; the College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural Univ.; Taian Shandong 271018 P. R. China
| | - Dongxiao Sun-Waterhouse
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes; the College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural Univ.; Taian Shandong 271018 P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences; The Univ. of Auckland; Private Bag Auckland 92019 New Zealand
| | - Dan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes; the College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural Univ.; Taian Shandong 271018 P. R. China
- Shandong Inst. of Pomology; Taian Shandong 271000 P. R. China
| | - Yang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes; the College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural Univ.; Taian Shandong 271018 P. R. China
| | - Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes; the College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural Univ.; Taian Shandong 271018 P. R. China
| | - Yilun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes; the College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural Univ.; Taian Shandong 271018 P. R. China
| | - Shancang Zhao
- Central Laboratory of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety of Shandong Province; Jinan Shandong 250100 P. R. China
| | - Dapeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes; the College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural Univ.; Taian Shandong 271018 P. R. China
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Khatoon
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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10
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Abstract
Mycotoxins are the most common contaminants of food and feed worldwide and are considered an important risk factor for human and animal health. Oxidative stress occurs in cells when the concentration of reactive oxygen species exceeds the cell’s antioxidant capacity. Oxidative stress causes DNA damage, enhances lipid peroxidation, protein damage and cell death. This review addresses the toxicity of the major mycotoxins, especially aflatoxin B1, deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, T-2 toxin, fumonisin B1, ochratoxin, patulin and zearalenone, in relation to oxidative stress. It summarises the data associated with oxidative stress as a plausible mechanism for mycotoxin-induced toxicity. Given the contamination caused by mycotoxins worldwide, the protective effects of a variety of natural compounds due to their antioxidant capacities have been evaluated. We review data on the ability of vitamins, flavonoids, crocin, curcumin, green tea, lycopene, phytic acid, L-carnitine, melatonin, minerals and mixtures of anti-oxidants to mitigate the toxic effect of mycotoxins associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- E.O. da Silva
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Campus Universitário, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Km 380, Londrina, Paraná 86051-990, Brazil
| | - A.P.F.L. Bracarense
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Campus Universitário, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Km 380, Londrina, Paraná 86051-990, Brazil
| | - I.P. Oswald
- Université de Toulouse, Toxalim, Research Center in Food Toxicology, INRA, UMR 1331 ENVT, INP-PURPAN, 31076 Toulouse, France
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Aichinger G, Puntscher H, Beisl J, Kütt ML, Warth B, Marko D. Delphinidin protects colon carcinoma cells against the genotoxic effects of the mycotoxin altertoxin II. Toxicol Lett 2017; 284:136-142. [PMID: 29217480 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Alternaria spp. are ubiquitous molds that are able to produce toxic secondary metabolites which may contaminate food globally. One of those is the mycotoxin altertoxin II (ATX-II), a genotoxic and mutagenic compound. In recent years, different flavonoids that may co-occur with mycotoxins in food were demonstrated to temper toxic effects of molds, mostly through their anti-oxidant properties. Thus, in this study, we assessed the influence of the berry anthocyanidin delphinidin on the toxicity of ATX-II in HT-29 colon carcinoma cells. We performed coupled SRB/WST-1 cytotoxicity assays which revealed only weak antagonistic interactions, and single-cell gel electrophoresis ("comet") assays, where we observed a potent protective effect of delphinidin on the DNA-damaging properties of ATX-II. Furthermore, we investigated the mechanism for this interaction. In the DCF assay delphinidin was found to reduce intracellular oxidative stress levels, which might contribute partly to the latter protection. However, LC-MS experiments showed that co-incubation of the mycotoxin with either delphinidin or its potential degradation product phloroglucinol aldehyde significantly decreased ATX-II concentrations in aqueous solutions, indicating that a direct chemical reaction of ATX-II with these components is likely responsible for the observed loss of toxicity. Our results indicate that delphinidin - and possibly other anthocyanins as well - might play a role in the protection of the gut from Alternaria-induced genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Aichinger
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringerstr. 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hannes Puntscher
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringerstr. 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Beisl
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringerstr. 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mary-Liis Kütt
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringerstr. 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Benedikt Warth
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringerstr. 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Doris Marko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringerstr. 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Eraslan G, Sarıca ZS, Bayram LÇ, Tekeli MY, Kanbur M, Karabacak M. The effects of diosmin on aflatoxin-induced liver and kidney damage. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:27931-27941. [PMID: 28988357 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0232-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin is among the natural toxins that cause serious side effects on living things. Diosmin is also one of the compounds with broad pharmacological effects. In this study, the effects on the oxidant/antioxidant system of 50 mg/kg body weight/day dose of diosmin, aflatoxin (500 μg/kg body weight/day), and combined aflatoxin (500 μg/kg body weight/day) plus diosmin (50 mg/kg body weight/day) given to the stomach via catheter female adult Wistar Albino rats is examined. Forty rats were used in the experiment, and these animals were randomly allocated to four equal groups. The test phase lasted 21 days, and blood samples and tissue (liver and kidney) samples were taken after this period was over. Some biochemical parameters (glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, albumin) and levels of malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, and 4-hydroxynonenal and activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase were analyzed in the samples. The aflatoxin administered over the period indicated a significant increase in levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) in all tissues and blood samples. Therewithal, the activity of antioxidant enzymes showed a change in the decreasing direction. Biochemical parameters of the group in which aflatoxin were administered alone changed unfavorably. Parallel effects were also observed in the histopathological findings of this group. The results showed that aflatoxin changed antioxidant/oxidant balance in favor of oxidant and eventually led to lipid peroxidation. Diosmin administration to aflatoxin-treated animals resulted in positive changes in antioxidant enzyme activities while the levels of MDA, NO, and 4-HNE were reduced in all tissues and blood samples examined. Diosmin alleviates the oxidative stress caused by aflatoxin. Similar improvement was observed in biochemical parameters of this group as well as in liver and kidney histopathology. No significant change was observed in the group treated with diosmin alone in terms of the parameters examined and histologic findings. As a result, diosmin may be included in compounds that can be used as a therapeutic and prophylactic agent in the event of the formation of aflatoxin exposure and poisoning in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökhan Eraslan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Zeynep Soyer Sarıca
- Experimental Research and Application Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Latife Çakır Bayram
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Muhammet Yasin Tekeli
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Murat Kanbur
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mürsel Karabacak
- Safiye Çıkrıkçıoğlu Vocational Collage, Department of Animal Health, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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13
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Perez-Janices N, Blanco-Luquin I, Torrea N, Liechtenstein T, Escors D, Cordoba A, Vicente-Garcia F, Jauregui I, De La Cruz S, Illarramendi JJ, Coca V, Berdasco M, Kochan G, Ibañez B, Lera JM, Guerrero-Setas D. Differential involvement of RASSF2 hypermethylation in breast cancer subtypes and their prognosis. Oncotarget 2015; 6:23944-58. [PMID: 26284587 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease that can be subdivided into clinical, histopathological and molecular subtypes (luminal A-like, luminal B-like/HER2-negative, luminal B-like/HER2-positive, HER2-positive, and triple-negative). The study of new molecular factors is essential to obtain further insights into the mechanisms involved in the tumorigenesis of each tumor subtype. RASSF2 is a gene that is hypermethylated in breast cancer and whose clinical value has not been previously studied. The hypermethylation of RASSF1 and RASSF2 genes was analyzed in 198 breast tumors of different subtypes. The effect of the demethylating agent 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine in the re-expression of these genes was examined in triple-negative (BT-549), HER2 (SK-BR-3), and luminal cells (T-47D). Different patterns of RASSF2 expression for distinct tumor subtypes were detected by immunohistochemistry. RASSF2 hypermethylation was much more frequent in luminal subtypes than in non-luminal tumors (p = 0.001). The re-expression of this gene by lentiviral transduction contributed to the differential cell proliferation and response to antineoplastic drugs observed in luminal compared with triple-negative cell lines. RASSF2 hypermethylation is associated with better prognosis in multivariate statistical analysis (P = 0.039). In conclusion, RASSF2 gene is differently methylated in luminal and non-luminal tumors and is a promising suppressor gene with clinical involvement in breast cancer.
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Dragone R, Ermilov L, Grasso G, Maggioni S, Mantovani A, Frazzoli C. Antioxidant power as biochemical endpoint in bread for screening and early managing quality and toxicant-related safety anomalies in food production. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 94:31-8. [PMID: 27174639 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Flaxseeds are both a food ingredient and a natural source of antioxidants (e.g. lignans, PUFAs) and pro-oxidant contaminants (e.g. cadmium): the variable mixture of anti- and pro-oxidant substances may impact on the redox homeostasis of flaxseed-enriched foods. The antioxidant power is studied here as biochemical activity of flaxseeds in white wheat bread and as endpoint for possible screening of anomalous variations of bioactive mixtures (antioxidants vs. prooxidants) in food matrices. A bioprobe assay based on the superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme (6 channels of the multiprobe bioelectronic platform BEST) was performed on white wheat bread with and without flaxseeds. Nine BEST channels were simultaneously used for validation and monitoring of measuring conditions (temperature, pH, conductivity). Findings were compared with quantitative analysis of antioxidants and pro-oxidant contaminants. Organic and aqueous extracts of both bread types were examined in parallel. The SOD-probe detected the difference in antioxidant power given by 10% flaxseed, thus supporting the use of antioxidant power detected by bioenzymatic screening as sensitive biochemical endpoint. Mixtures of bioactive molecules in foods generate biochemical activities that can be monitored as time-effective indicators of invariability, which is pivotal in the daily control of anomalies in food production and therefore in the protection of consumers' health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Dragone
- Institute of Nanostructured Materials, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Ermilov
- Institute of Nanostructured Materials, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Gerardo Grasso
- Institute of Nanostructured Materials, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Maggioni
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, IRCCS- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", V. La Masa 19, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Food and Veterinary Toxicology Unit, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, V.le Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Frazzoli
- External Relations Office, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, V. Giano della Bella 34, 00162, Rome, Italy.
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15
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Oracz J, Nebesny E. Antioxidant Properties of Cocoa Beans (Theobroma cacao L.): Influence of Cultivar and Roasting Conditions. International Journal of Food Properties 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2015.1071840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Oracz
- Institute of Chemical Technology of Food, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Nebesny
- Institute of Chemical Technology of Food, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
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16
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Feng S, Cheng H, Xu Z, Shen S, Yuan M, Liu J, Ding C. Thermal stress resistance and aging effects of Panax notoginseng polysaccharides on Caenorhabditis elegans. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 81:188-94. [PMID: 26234580 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Panax notoginseng attract public attention due to their potential biomedical properties and corresponding health benefits. The present study investigated the anti-aging and thermal stress resistance effects of polysaccharides from P. notoginseng on Caenorhabditis elegans. Results showed polysaccharides had little scavenging ability of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vitro, but significantly extended lifespan of C. elegans, especially the main root polysaccharide (MRP) which prolongs the mean lifespan of wild type worms by 21%. Further study demonstrated that the heat stress resistance effect of polysaccharides on C. elegans might be attributed to the elevation of antioxidant enzyme activities (both superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)) and the reduction lipid peroxidation of malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Taken together, the results provided a scientific basis for the further exploitation of the mechanism of longer lifespan controlled by P. notoginseng polysaccharides on C. elegans. The P. notoginseng polysaccharides might be considered as a potential source to delay aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiling Feng
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, PR China
| | - Haoran Cheng
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Zhou Xu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, PR China
| | - Shian Shen
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, PR China
| | - Ming Yuan
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, PR China
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, PR China
| | - Chunbang Ding
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, PR China.
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17
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Domijan AM, Gajski G, Novak Jovanović I, Gerić M, Garaj-Vrhovac V. In vitro genotoxicity of mycotoxins ochratoxin A and fumonisin B1 could be prevented by sodium copper chlorophyllin – Implication to their genotoxic mechanism. Food Chem 2015; 170:455-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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18
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Zimmermann CEP, Cruz IBM, Cadoná FC, Machado AK, Assmann C, Schlemmer KB, Zanette RA, Leal DBR, Santurio JM. Cytoprotective and genoprotective effects of β-glucans against aflatoxin B₁-induced DNA damage in broiler chicken lymphocytes. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 29:538-43. [PMID: 25615424 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The polysaccharide β-glucan presents beneficial effects on the immune system, although the mechanisms of the immunomodulatory effect remain poorly understood. The potential cytoprotective and genoprotective effects of β-glucans were evaluated in broiler chicken lymphocytes exposed to increasing concentrations of aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) and/or β-glucans. AFB₁ significantly decreased cell viability at the concentrations of 10 and 20 μg/ml at 72 h of incubation (p<0.01 and p<0.001, respectively). Moreover, the AFB₁ concentrations of 1, 10 and 20 μg/ml increased DNA fragmentation levels at 24 h (p<0.001). Conversely, lymphocyte death was prevented by β-glucans at the concentrations of 1% and 10%, indicating a cytoprotective effect. Reactive oxygen species levels were increased in the cells treated with 20 μg/ml AFB₁ at 24 h (p<0.05) and 10% β-glucans with or without AFB₁ at 24, 48 and 72 h of incubation (p<0.001). DNA damage increased by more than 100% in AFB₁-treated lymphocytes when compared to control group. β-glucans at 1% was able to fully revert the AFB₁-induced lymphocyte DNA damage, indicating a genoprotective effect and maintaining DNA integrity. In conclusion, β-glucans showed in vitro dose-dependent cytoprotective and genoprotective effects in broiler chicken lymphocytes exposed to AFB₁.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E P Zimmermann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - I B M Cruz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - F C Cadoná
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - A K Machado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - C Assmann
- Laboratório de Biogenômica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - K B Schlemmer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - R A Zanette
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - D B R Leal
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - J M Santurio
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Sorrenti V, Di Giacomo C, Acquaviva R, Barbagallo I, Bognanno M, Galvano F. Toxicity of ochratoxin a and its modulation by antioxidants: a review. Toxins (Basel) 2013; 5:1742-66. [PMID: 24152986 PMCID: PMC3813909 DOI: 10.3390/toxins5101742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin involved in the development of different types of cancers in rats, mice and humans. A growing number of in vitro and in vivo studies has been collected and has described evidence compatible with a role for oxidative stress in OTA toxicity and carcinogenicity. Because the contribution of the oxidative stress response in the development of cancers is well established, a role in OTA carcinogenicity is plausible. Several studies have been performed to try to counteract the adverse effects of oxygen radicals generated under OTA-exposure. A number of molecules with various antioxidant properties were tested, using in vivo or in vitro models. Protection against OTA-induced DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, as well as cytotoxicity were observed, further confirming the link between OTA toxicity and oxidative damage. These studies demonstrated that antioxidants are able to counteract the deleterious effects of chronic consumption or exposure to OTA and confirmed the potential effectiveness of dietary strategies to counteract OTA toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Sorrenti
- Department of Drug Science, Section of Biochemistry, University of Catania, Catania95125, Italy; E-Mails: (C.D.G.); (R.A.); (I.B.); (F.G.)
| | - Claudia Di Giacomo
- Department of Drug Science, Section of Biochemistry, University of Catania, Catania95125, Italy; E-Mails: (C.D.G.); (R.A.); (I.B.); (F.G.)
| | - Rosaria Acquaviva
- Department of Drug Science, Section of Biochemistry, University of Catania, Catania95125, Italy; E-Mails: (C.D.G.); (R.A.); (I.B.); (F.G.)
| | - Ignazio Barbagallo
- Department of Drug Science, Section of Biochemistry, University of Catania, Catania95125, Italy; E-Mails: (C.D.G.); (R.A.); (I.B.); (F.G.)
| | - Matteo Bognanno
- Agriculture Department, Mediterranean University of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria89122, Italy; E-Mail:
| | - Fabio Galvano
- Department of Drug Science, Section of Biochemistry, University of Catania, Catania95125, Italy; E-Mails: (C.D.G.); (R.A.); (I.B.); (F.G.)
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Jara-Palacios MJ, González-Manzano S, Escudero-Gilete ML, Hernanz D, Dueñas M, González-Paramás AM, Heredia FJ, Santos-Buelga C. Study of zalema grape pomace: phenolic composition and biological effects in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Agric Food Chem 2013; 61:5114-5121. [PMID: 23639176 DOI: 10.1021/jf400795s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The phenolic composition of the extractable fraction of Zalema grape pomace has been analyzed by HPLC-DAD-MS and consisted of mainly flavanols and flavonols (122.75 and 23.11 mg/100 g dry pomace, respectively). The antioxidant activity has been determined by in vitro FRAP, ABTS, and ORAC assays (11.7, 34.9, and 63.6 mmol of Trolox equivalents (TE) per 100 g of dry pomace, respectively) and in vivo using the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans . Cultivation of C. elegans in media containing 100 μg/mL dry pomace extract increased the survival of worms submitted to thermally induced oxidative stress, whereas a decrease in the rate of worm survival was found for 300 μg/mL extract. Interestingly, the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were significantly decreased in stressed worms treated with the pomace extract at the two concentration levels. Further studies are required to explain this unexpected behavior, as well as to determine the compounds and mechanisms involved in the observed effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M José Jara-Palacios
- Food Colour and Quality Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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